7 General Science: Question Bank

7TH GENERAL SCIENCE
Question Bank
S.Gowri Sujata, sa(bs)

zphs(g) singarayakonda
prakasam
www.bioscienceguru.com
Prepared by: S.Gowri Sujata,SA(BS), ZPHS Singarayakonda, Prakasam(Dist)
1. FOOD COMPONENTS Ans.

a. Roughages clean our food canal and prevent constipation.
Keywords : b. If we don’t include roughage in our food, we may suffer from constipation.
Carbohydrates : A biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They give energy 6. Test the given food items and record the type of components that are present in them.
to the body. a. Groundnut b. Cooked dal c. Pulusu
Proteins : Proteins are the macromolecules formed by amino acids. Ans. a. Groundnut : If we rub groundnut on a white paper, it becomes translucent. So, we can say that it
Fats : Fats are macronutrients that contain cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. contains fat.
Fibres : Fibre is a dietary material containing substances such as cellulose which b. Cooked dal : Take some dal and add 2 drops of 2% copper sulphate and 10 drops of 10% sodium
cannot be digested by our digestive enzymes. hydroxide solutions to it. The dal turns from blue color to violet color. It indicates
Constipation : Difficulty in defecation. the presence of proteins in dal.
Balanced diet : The food which contains all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, c. Pulusu : In pulusu, we use water, jaggery, tamarind, salt, etc. So, vitamins, minerals, salts and
vitamins and minerals in a proper proportion is called as a balanced diet. water are present in it.
Improve Your Learning 7. Draw some food items of your diet and explain why you like them.
1. Make a list of food items eaten during lunch by you. Try to mention the components in each food item. Ans. a. Carrot : I like carrot because it is very tasty and gives vitamin A.
Ans. I have eaten the following items during my lunch.
ITEM FOOD COMPONENT b. Milk : I like milk because milk contains calcium and proteins, fats, minerals, etc. It is a
Carbohydrates balanced diet.
Rice (Proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals)
Dal Proteins 8. If you were invited to a party with many food items in the menu like Rice, roti, puri, idly, dosa, samosa,
(Carbohydrates, fibre, fat)
dal, green salad, vegetable curry, fruit chat, chicken curry, eggs, gulab jamun.
Egg Proteins
(Fats, vitamins, minerals) a. What food items would come on to your plate to make your diet a balanced one?
Vegetable curry Vitamins, minerals
(Proteins, fats) Ans. Rice, dal, green salad, vegetable curry, fruit chat, egg, roti.
Curd Fats, (Calcium) minerals b. What food items would you take plenty and adequately?
(Proteins, vitamins)
2. Manjula eats only bread and omlette daily. Do you think it is a balanced diet? Why? Ans. Plenty : Green salad, fruit chat, vegetable curry.
Ans. Adequately : Rice, roti, dal, egg.
a. It is not a balanced diet. 9. How is water useful to our body?
b. Because bread contains only carbohydrates.
c. Omlette contains proteins only. Ans.
d. We have to take all the food components every day. a. Water is an important food component.
3. Make a list of food items that contains all components of food. b. It helps the food move easily in the digestive tract.
c. It helps in the various metabolic activities of our body.
Ans. Rice, chapati, dal, vegetables, leafy vegetables, sambar, egg, ghee, banana or any other fruit. d. So, we have to drink plenty of water every day.
4. Who am I? 10. Fill in the blanks.
a. I am a component of food that makes a paper translucent. ( Ans. Fats. ) a. If our food is not balanced with proper nutrients, we may _ ( Ans. Get ill health )
b. Put a drop of me on a cut potato. It turns dark blue. Who am I? ( Ans. Iodine. ) b. Fibres in our diet prevent ( Ans. Constipation )
5. Explain what will happen if we don’t include roughage in our food? c. Our daily diet should include plenty of ( Ans. Fruits and vegetables )
d. Oils and fats give us _ ( Ans. Energy ) j. Delicious kichidi is ready.

11. Match the following and give reasons. 14. Observe whether your mother cooks on a low or high flame. Discuss with your mother and find out
1. Fibre (D) A. Micronutrients the reason.
2. Protein (C) B. Energy giving Ans.

3. Vitamins and minerals (A) C. Body building a. I discussed with my mother.
b. She always cooks on low flame.
4. Carbohydrates (B) D. Bulk forming
c. Because if we cook on high flame, the food materials will not be cooked completely.
Reasons : d. And, we lose the nutrients if we cook on high flame.
e. If we cook on low flame, the gas is not wasted.
a. Fibre add bulk to our food and prevents from constipation.
b. Protein help for the growth of our body – body building. 2. ACIDS AND BASES
c. Vitamins and minerals are essential in very minute quantities, but are necessary.
d. Carbohydrates provide energy. Keywords :
12. Prepare a balanced diet chart with the help of your age group and exhibit it in your classroom science Indicator : The substance which indicate a change in colour when some other substances are
fair. added to it is known as indicator.
Ans. Balanced diet chart for the age group of 7th class ( 12 years ) Acid : The substance which turns blue litmus to red is called acid.
6 am - Milk 150ml Base : The substance which turns red litmus to blue is called base.
8 am - 5 idly / 3 chapati / curd rice with curry Red litmus : A chemical paper indicator used to identify bases.
10 am - Any fruit Blue litmus : A chemical paper indicator used to identify acids.
12:30 am - Rice, dal, curry, chutney, curd Acidic substance : The substance which turns blue litmus to red is called as acidic substance.
3 pm - Groundnut with jaggery, dry fruit Basic substance : The substance which turns red litmus to blue is called as basic substance.
5 pm - Any fruit Neutral substance : The substance that shows no change with litmus is called neutral substance.
7:30 pm - Rice, curry, chutney, curd Salt : The compound formed by the action of acid with base.
9:30 pm - Milk 150ml Neutralisation : A chemical reaction in which acid and base react quantitatively with each other.
Water - 8 glasses per day. Acid rain : Rain ( Any form of precipitation ) with acidic components such as sulphuric acid
Daily exercise in the morning is very important. or nitric acid.
13. Prepare kichidi with your mother’s help using all kinds of vegetables, dals, nuts, etc. Write a note on Improve Your Learning
the process of making kichidi. 1. The sting of a wasp is basic. How can we treat the sting of a wasp?
Ans. Process of making kichidi : Ans.
a. Take some potatoes, carrot, beans, onions, green chilli, ginger. a. We have to apply vinegar or any acidic solution at the sting of the wasp.
b. Cut them into small pieces and half boil them. b. As it is basic, it can be neutralised by acid to lessen the pain.
c. Take some dry fruits like cashew nuts and fry them.
d. Take a vessel and pour 2 glasses of water for 1 glass of rice. 2. Why are acids not stored in a metal container?
e. Let the water boil. Ans.
f. Add rice and green gram dal and boil them.
g. After boiling, add the half-boiled vegetables and dry fruits. a. Acids react with metals and form salts.
h. Add curry leaves or coriander. b. Hence, they should not be stored in metal containers.
i. Stir it well.
3. Acidic, basic and neutral solutions are given in 3 test tubes and you are given a strip of red litmus. a. Yes. Flowers and turmeric papers are natural indicators.
b. They change their colours with acids and bases.
How will you identify the 3 solutions?
12. Correct the statement if it is wrong.
Ans.
a. Indicators show different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
a. The solution which turns the red litmus into blue is base.
b. Then that blue litmus is dipped in the remaining two solutions. Ans. Yes.
c. The solution which turns blue litmus into red is acid.
b. Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red.
d. The remaining solution which doesn’t change the colour of litmus is neutral solution.
e. Thus, we can identify the three solutions. Ans. No. Sodium hydroxide is a base. It has no effect with blue litmus.
4. When drops of lemon juice are put on blue litmus it turns red. What will happen if you put some c. Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base.
drops of soap solution on the same position on litmus paper? Ans. No. Tooth decay is caused by the acids.
Ans. 13. Take vinegar, lemon juice, soapy water, baking soda in different vessels. Put beetroot pieces in the
a. Soap solution is basic in nature. vessels. Predict what happens? Verify your prediction by observing the changes. After 10 min, 30 min,
b. So, it turns the blue litmus red colour.
60 min, record your observations. What do you conclude?
5. What happens when nitric acid is added to egg shell?
Ans.
Ans.
SUBSTANCE COLOUR CHANGE BY ADDING AFTER 10 MIN AFTER 30 MIN AFTER 60 MIN
a. Egg shell is basic in nature as it contains calcium. BEETROOT PIECES
b. When nitric acid is added to it, neutralisation occurs.
Predicted Result
c. Calcium nitrate and water are formed.
Vinegar Red Red Red Red Red
6. Turmeric stains on white clothes, when washed with soap, turns red. Why? Lemon water Red Red Red Red Red
Soap water Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow
Ans. Baking soda Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow
a. When we wash the clothes having turmeric stains with soap, they turn red.
b. Because, turmeric acts as a natural indicator. 14. Visit a doctor. Find out the medicines she prescribes to treat acidity. Ask her how acidity can be
c. It turns to red colour due to the basic nature of soap.
naturally prevented. Prepare a report.
7. Ammonia is present in window cleaners. It turns red litmus to blue. What is its nature?
Ans.
Ans. Ammonia is basic in nature because it turned the red litmus into blue litmus.
a. The medicines that are given by the doctor for acidity are antacid, zantac and rantac tablets.
8. What is the nature of urea? Is it acidic/basic/neutral? How can we verify it? b. These tablets contain bases and they neutralise the acidity of the stomach.
Ans. I have taken both red and blue litmus papers and tested the urea. It is a neutral substance. c. We can take mint and holy basil(tulasi) leaves, jeera, buttermilk, coconut water for acidity.
9. Red litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains red. What is nature of the solution? Explain. 15. Test the nature of lemon juice and milk sample with the help of natural indicators prepared from
Ans. different flowers. Explain their nature.
a. The solution may be acidic or neutral in nature. Ans.

b. Because the solution does not change the colour of red litmus. a. I tested the milk and lemon juice with hibiscus indicator.
c. Red litmus is an indicator for base. b. When lemon juice is added, the indicator turns into red colour.
10. What is the effect of basic substances on turmeric paper? c. When milk is added, it turns into red colour.
Ans. The turmeric paper turns into red colour with basic substances. 16. How do you feel about nature? It is a big natural laboratory that contains innumerable indicators!
11. Can flowers and turmeric papers also be called indicators? Why? Ans.
Ans. a. It is very surprising that nature has many natural indicators.
b. We can learn so many things from nature. threads.

c. So, we have to conserve our nature.
Weft : The threads that go side to side are weft threads.
17. Choose the correct answer.
Improve Your Learning
A. To protect tooth decay, we are advised to brush our tooth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste
1. In sericulture industry do which stages of silk worm weavers buy? Why do they do so?
commonly used is
Ans.
a. Acidic b. Neutral c. Basic d. Baking soda ( Ans. c. Basic )
a. The weavers buy the cocoon stage of silk worm.
B. Which of the following is acidic in nature ? b. Because the cocoons can be stored for a long time after boiling.
a. Lemon juice b. Baking soda c. Lime water d. Antacid ( Ans. a. Lemon juice ) 2. Which place in our state is called silk city?
18. Why industrial wastes are neutralised before releasing into water? Ans. Pochampalli is called the silk city.
Ans. 3. Prepare a scrapbook with pictures of different wool yielding animals.
a. The industrial wastes contain CO2, SO2 and oxides of nitrogen which are acidic in nature. Ans. Pictures of sheep, goat, camel, yak, alpaca, llama, rabbit may be collected and pasted.
b. They must be neutralised before releasing into water.
c. Otherwise, they form acids after dissolving in water. 4. Why are cocoons stifled?
d. It is very dangerous, if we use that water for domestic purpose. Ans.
3. ANIMAL FIBRE a. The cocoons are stifled to kill the larva inside.
b. Otherwise it will cut its way out after growing into a moth and spoil the cocoon.
Keywords : c. We will not get a continuous thread of silk.
Animal fibre : The fibres that are obtained from animals are called as animal fibres. 5. Prepare a chart showing life cycle of silk worm and display that in the classroom.
Silk worm : Larva of silk moth which produces silk. Ans.
Imago Pupa
Cocoon : Caterpillar of silk moth secretes a fibre like substance around it covering its body like
a sac. It is called cocoon.
Eggs
Mulberry : The food of caterpillar of silk moth. LIFE CYCLE
OF
Sericulture : Rearing of silk worms for obtaining silk is called sericulture. SILKWORM
Bombyx mori : The scientific name of silk worm.
Reeling : Separation of silk fibre from cocoon is called reeling.
Larva
Fleece : The wool obtained from animals is called fleece.
6. What will happen if cocoon is not boiled?
Shearing : Removing of hair or fleece from the skin of sheep is called shearing.
Ans.
Scouring : Cleaning of fleece with a stream of water is called scouring.
a. The cocoon stage is the most important stage which gives silk fibre.
Knitting : The process of making fabric by using knitting needles to form interlocking loops and
b. To get silk, the larva inside the cocoon is killed by stiffing i.e, boiling.
rings of woolen yarn. c. If it is not boiled, the larva grows into moth and cut its way out spoiling the cocoon.
d. We will not get a continuous thread of silk.
Bleaching : Removing the colour of the woolen fibres before dyeing.
7. In what way is knitting different from weaving?
Weaving : Making of woolen fabric by knitting.
Ans.
Dyeing : Applying colours to the fabric.
a. In weaving, two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric.
Warp : The threads which are stretched from the top of loom to the bottom are called warp
b. For weaving, machines are necessary.
c. In knitting, fabric is made by forming interlocking loops and rings of woolen yarn. 14. In East India, silk is called pat. You may collect different pieces of silk fabric from a cloth store and
d. Usually needles are used for knitting.
write the names of the type of fabric and make a chart.
8. What are the differences between fleece of angora goat and camel.
Ans.
Ans.
a. Silk Satin
ANGORA GOAT CAMEL b. Dupioni silk
1. Angora goat has soft hair. 1. Camel has rough and coarse hair. c. Chiffon
2. It is found in Kashmir. 2. It is found in Rajasthan. d. Charmeuse
3. The wool is used to make sweaters, 3. The wool is used to make blankets, e. Crepe
shawls, etc. mufflers, etc. f. Georgette
9. Make a flow chart showing various stages of production of woolen fabric. g. Organza
h. Habotai
Ans. SHEARING SCOURING SORTING BLEACHING DYEING
15. Draw a flow chart of the process of obtaining cotton fabric.
ROLLING AND TWISTING SPINNING COMBING/CARDING
Ans. SILK MOTH EGG LARVA COCOON REELING YARN
WEAVING OR KNITTING WOOLLEN FABRIC
10. Fill up the blank and give your reason for the statement. SILK FABRIC WEAVING DYEING BLEACHING CLEANING
_ fabric protect us from cold. ( Ans. Woolen ) 4. MOTION AND TIME

Reason : Wool is a poor conductor of heat. Air trapped in between the woollen fibres and our body
Keywords :
prevents the flow of heat from our body to our surroundings.
Motion : An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position.
11. If you are going to visit Dal lake in Kashmir, which type of clothes would you like to keep in your
Rest : An object is said to be at rest if there is no change in its position with respect to
luggage? Why?
surroundings in a given time.
Ans.
Translatory motion : If all parts of a moving body move in the direction of motion then the motion is
a. In Kashmir, it will be very cool.
said as translatory motion.
b. So, I will keep woolen sweater, muffler, shawls, scarf, blanket, gloves, socks, etc.
c. Because, woolen clothes protect us from cold. Rotatory motion : If the motion of all particles of moving body follow a circular path with respect to
12. Do you feel any similarities between silk and wool weaving? What are they? a fixed centre it is said to rotatory motion.
Ans. Axis of rotation : The imaginary line passing through the fixed point in rotatory motion is called
a. Yes. Both are obtained from animals. axis of rotation.

b. Silk is obtained from silk worms and wool from sheep, etc.
Oscillatory motion : The ‘to’ and ‘fro’ motion of an object about a fixed point always following the
c. Weaving of both can be done on a power or hand loom.
d. It can also be done by manual methods. same paths is called oscillatory motion.
e. Both of them are very soft and smooth fibres so that it can be spun easily.
Speed : The distance travelled by an object in a unit of time is called speed.
13. Write 5 differences between wool and silk manufacturing.
Average speed : It is the total distance travelled by an object divided by total time taken to travel
Ans.
the distance.
SILK WOOL
1. Silk yarn is obtained from cocoon of silk moth. 1. Fleece of sheep is obtained by shearing animals.
2. Cocoons are boiled to kill the insects inside them. 2. Sheared skin is washed to remove dirt. 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the wrong statements correctly.
3. The cocoons are graded and reeled into silk fibres. 3. Different textures of wool are sorted and graded.
4. Silk fibres are then spun into silk thread. 4. Then, they are spun into woolen yarn. a. A body can be at rest and in motion at the same time in relation to the same set of surroundings.
Ans. This statement is wrong.
A body can be at rest in relation to some objects, it can be in motion in relation to some other II. Gopi takes part in a car race. He drives a distance of 70 km each in the first, second and third hrs.
objects at the same time. Which of the following statements is true.
b. A passenger flying in an airplane is at rest with respect to the airport and moving with respect to a. I is an example of uniform motion and II is an example of non-uniform motion.
b. I is an example of non-uniform motion and II is an example of uniform motion.
other passengers.
c. I and II are examples of uniform motion.
Ans. This statement is wrong. d. I and II are examples of non-uniform motion.
A passenger flying in an airplane is at rest with respect to other passengers and moving with respect Ans. [ c ] is true.
to the airport. 7. Write the motion of different parts of a bicycle while it is in motion.
c. The wheels of a train are in rotatory motion as well as in translatory motion, when it moves. a. The wheel - ( Ans. Rotatory motion )
b. The cycle chain - ( Ans. Translatory motion )
Ans. This statement is true.
c. The pedal with its arm - ( Ans. Rotatory motion )
2. John tied a stone to a string and whirled it around. What type of motion do you find there? d. The movement of the feet pedaling - ( Ans. Oscillatory motion )
e. The movement of the rider along with the bicycle - ( Ans. Translatory motion )
Ans. The stone moves in circulatory motion. If he leaves the string, it moves in translatory motion.
8. Which of the following statements is correct?
3. What is common to the following?
a. The basic unit of time is second.
1. Motion of the propeller of a flying helicopter.
b. Every object’s motion is uniform.
2. The minute hand of a watch.
c. Two cars move for 5 min and 2 min respectively. The second car is faster because it takes less time.
3. The tape of a cassette recorder.
d. The speed of a car is expressed in km/hr.
a. All are examples of translatory motion. Ans.
b. All are examples of oscillatory motion.
a. Correct
c. All are examples of rotatory motion.
b. False
d. All are examples of periodic motion.
c. Correct
Ans. [ c ] All are examples of rotatory motion. d. Correct
4. Which of the following is not an oscillatory motion? 9. The basic unit of speed is [D]
a. Motion of the hammer of an electric bell. A. km/min B. m/min C. km/hr D. m/s
b. Motion of your hands while running.
10. The correct relation between speed, distance and time is [A,C]
c. Motion of a child on a see-saw.
d. Motion of a horse pulling a cart. a. Speed = Distance / Time
b. Speed = Time / Distance
Ans. [ d ] Motion of a horse pulling a cart.
c. Distance = Speed x Time
5. Arun completed a 100m race in 16s, while Karthik finished it in 13s. Who ran faster? d. Distance = Speed / Time
Ans. Karthik ran faster. 11. The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hrs to cover this distance. Calculate the
Speed = Distance / Time speed of the train.
Speed of Arun = 100 / 16 = 6.25 m/s Ans. The distance between two stations = 240 km
Speed of Karthik = 100 / 13 = 7.69 m/s Time taken to cover this distance = 4 hrs
Karthik took less time than Arun. So the speed of Karthik is more. He ran faster. Speed of the train = Distance travelled / Time taken
6. = 240 / 4 = 60
I. A train runs from New Delhi to Hyderabad. It covers first distance of 420 km in 7hrs and next = 60 km/hr.
distance of 360 km in 6hrs.
12. A train travels at a speed of 180 km/hr. How far will it travel in 4 hrs? a. The body temperature of Srinath is 990 F.
b. Normal human body temperature is 98.40 F.
Ans. Speed of the train = 180 km/hr
c. As the temperature of Srinath is high, we can say that he is suffering from fever.
Time taken = 4 hrs
2. Why do we use mercury in thermometer? Can water be used instead of mercury? What are the
Distance covered = ?
problems in using it?
Distance = Speed x time
Ans.
= 180 x 4 = 720
I. Reasons for using mercury in thermometer :
= 720 km. a. Its expansion is uniform.
b. It is opaque and shining so that we can identify the reading easily.
13. When do you say an object is in rotatory motion?
c. It does not stick to the sides of the glass tube.
Ans. If all the parts of a moving body move in the direction of motion, then the motion is said to d. It is a good conductor of heat.
II. We cannot use water instead of mercury.
translatory motion.
III. Problems in using water :
14. Can an object possess translatory and rotatory motion at the same time? Give an example. a. Its expansion is not uniform.
b. It is transparent. So we cannot identify the readings.
Ans. Yes. An object possess translatory and rotatory motion at the same time.
3. Temperature in Srinagar is -40 C and in Paderu is 30 C. Which of them has greater temperature? What
Eg : Moving wheel of bicycle, wheel of a moving train, tyre of a moving bus, etc.
is the difference between the temperatures in these two places?
15. In a sewing machine used by tailors, mention the types of motion of sewing machine parts when it
Ans.
runs.
a. The temperature in Srinagar = - 40 C
a. The wheel - ( Ans. Rotatory motion )
b. The temperature in Paderu = 30 C
b. The needle - ( Ans. Oscillatory motion )
c. Paderu is having greater temperature than Srinagar.
c. The cloth - ( Ans. Translatory motion )
d. The difference in the temperature = - 4 – (3) = + 70 C.
5. T EMPERATURE AND ITS MEASUREMENT 4. During winter mornings, why do people stand in the sun? Explain.
Keywords : Ans.
Heat energy : The transfer or flow due to the difference in the temperature between any two a. In winter season, the temperature outside is less than our body temperature.
b. So, to get warmth, we feel like standing in the sun.
objects is called heat energy. c. Sunlight gives us warmness.
Temperature : It is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. 5. After walking some distance on a hot summer day, why do we prefer to go into the shade?
Thermometer : An instrument for measuring and indicating temperature. Ans.
Fahrenheit scale : It’s a temperature scale based on degrees of Fahrenheit proposed by Fahrenheit. a. When we walk in the sun ( outside ), heat energy flows into our body.
Celsius scale : The temperature scale based on 00 for the freezing point of water and 1000 for b. So, our body gets heated.
c. When we go into the shade, heat goes out from our body because our body temperature is more
the boiling point of water. than the temperature in the shade.
Clinical thermometer : The thermometer used to measure the human body temperature. d. So, we feel cool.
Expansion : The action of becoming larger or more extensive. 6. Srikanth takes a sip of a cool drink and feels the chill. Guess what its temperature is? Try to measure it.
Ans.
a. I predicted its temperature as 00 C.
1. The body temperature of Srinath is 990 F. Is he suffering from fever? If so, why? b. But, when measured, its temperature is 180 C.
Ans.
7. Jyothi prepared to measure the temperature of hot water with a clinical temperature. Is it right or
wrong. Why? d. So, we may not get correct readings.

Ans. It is wrong. We should not use the clinical thermometer to measure the temperature of substances 13. Fill in the blanks :
or objects. a. Doctor uses thermometer to measure the human body temperature. ( Ans. Clinical )
b. At room temperature, mercury is in _ _ state. ( Ans. Liquid )
8. Swathi kept a laboratory thermometer in hot water for sometime and took it out to read the
c. Heat energy transfer from _ to _. ( Ans. High temperature area, low
temperature? Rani said it was a wrong way of measuring temperature. Do you agree with Rani? temperature area )
d. -70 C temperature is than 00 C temperature. (Ans. Less )
Explain your answer.
14. Match the following :
Ans.
a. Clinical thermometer (E) A. A form of energy
a. Yes. I agree with Rani.
b. Normal temperature of human body (C) B. 1000 C
b. Because, Swathi kept a laboratory thermometer in hot water for some time and took it out to read
c. Heat (A) C. 370 C
the temperature.
d. Boiling point of water (B) D. 00 C
c. While doing this, there will be a change in the level of mercury.
e. Melting point of water (D) E. Kink
d. So, accurate temperature is not measured.
e. So, we have to record the reading while the thermometer is in hot water. 15. Collect information from hospital/health centre about the precautions to be taken while reading
9. Why do we jerk a clinical thermometer before we measure body temperature? temperature with a clinical thermometer.
Ans. Ans.
a. When we use clinical thermometer, the mercury expands over the kink. a. The thermometer should be washed with an antiseptic solution before and after using.
b. So, we can record the patient’s body temperature. b. It should be jerked to bring the level of mercury down.
c. But the mercury will not come back again to its original position. c. We have to take the reading by keeping it before the eye without parallax error.
d. So, we have to jerk the clinical thermometer to bring mercury down to use it again. d. It should be jerked carefully.
e. We should not touch the bulb while observing the reading.
10. Heat energy is converted into other forms of energy. Give some examples.
16. Draw a diagram of a clinical thermometer and label its parts. What is the use of kink in clinical
Ans. Heat energy can be transformed into other forms of energy.
thermometer?
Examples :
Ans. Use of Kink :
a. In a thermal power station, heat energy is converted into electrical energy.
b. In a steam engine, heat energy is converted into mechanical energy. a. The kink prevents the fall of mercury when removed from tongue or armpit.
c. The heat from the sun is converted into electrical energy by using solar panels. b. So, we can measure the body temperature accurately.
d. When we start a bike, the heat produced in burning the fuel gives kinetic energy.
11. Prathima said “ Heat is a form of energy. “ How do you support her?
Ans. Prathima said that heat is a form of energy. I support her with the following statements.
a. In a steam engine, the heat energy helps to move the engine.
b. In a thermal power station, the heat energy produces electricity.
c. We cook food with heat, which is a form of energy.
d. The water in all the water bodies is converted to water vapour with heat energy and precipitates.
17. Draw the diagram of a laboratory thermometer and label it. How does it differ from a
e. Thus, we can say that heat is a form of energy.
clinical thermometer?
12. Why is clinical thermometer not used to measure the temperature of air?
Ans.
Ans.
a. We should not use clinical thermometer to measure the temperature of air.
b. Because, the temperature of air changes according to the surroundings.
c. Air is a poor conductor of heat.
Differences : Heating effect of current : When current flows through a conductor, heat energy is generated.
LABORATORY THERMOMETER CLINICAL THERMOMETER Switch : A switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect
1. There is no kink in the laboratory thermometer. 1. There is a kink in the clinical thermometer.
the conducting path in an electrical circuit.
2. Range of readings is more. 2. Range of readings is less.
3. We can measure the temperature only when the 3. We can measure the temperature after removing Improve Your Learning
thermometer touches the object. thermometer under the tongue or armpit.
4. We cannot measure the body temperature with 4. We can measure the human body temperature 1. Draw the symbols of the following electric components.
this. accurately.
5. The indicator readings are from -100 C to 1100 C. 5. The readings are from 350 C to 450 C. a. Electric cell b. Battery c. Switch d. Electric bulb
Ans.
7. E LECTRICITY : CURRENT AND IT’S EFFECTS a. Electric cell :
Keywords : b. Battery :
Cell : A device capable of generating electrical energy.

c. Switch :
Battery : A container consisting of one or more cells in which chemical energy
d. Electric bulb :
is converted into electricity.
2. Draw an electric circuit diagram consisting of a cell, a bulb and an electric switch.
Fuse : A safety device consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an
Ans.
electric circuit. ( An object that melts with immense heat )
Series circuit : A circuit in which current flown through each of the component is same
and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltages.
Parallel circuit : When all the devices are connected using parallel connections, the
3. In a series connection of bulbs, if one bulb fails, why do all other bulbs go off?
circuit is referred to as parallel circuit.
Ans.
Bulbs in series : If a wire joins the battery to one bulb, to the next bulb, then back to
a. In a series circuit, electricity has only one path to flow through.
the battery in one continuous loop, the bulbs are said to be in series.
b. All the bulbs are connected in this path.
Bulbs in parallel : If each bulb is wired to the battery in a separate loop, the bulbs are c. If any one of them is removed or not functioning properly, the circuit will be incomplete.
d. So, all the bulbs go off.
said to be in parallel.
4. What is the advantage of Miniature Circuit Breaker?
Tube light : Tube shaped fluorescent lamp that works on low pressure mercury
Ans.
vapour discharge phenomenon and converts ultra violet ray into
a. MCB is the switch which automatically turn off when current in a circuit exceeds safe limit.
visible ray with the help of phosphor coated inside glass tube.
b. The advantage of MCB’s have over fuses and they can be reset automatically to restore normal
Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) : It is a lamp generally designed as a replacement for incandescent or operation.
halogen lamps. 5. Fill in the blanks.
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) : A small trip switch operated by an overload and used to protect an a. Longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its terminal. ( Ans. Positive )
b. Smaller line in the symbol for a cell represents its _ terminal. ( Ans. Negative )
electric circuit. c. The combination of two or more cells is called a . ( Ans. Battery )
Watt : The standard metric unit of power is Watt. d. Safety devices used in electric circuit is _ _. ( Ans. Fuse )
e. The device used to close or open an electric circuit is . ( Ans. Switch )
Circuit diagram : It is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit.
6. Write the difference between series connection and parallel connection.
Ans. ii. Device used to close or open an electric circuit is [C]
SERIES CONNECTION PARALLEL CONNECTION a. Electric bulb b. Battery c. Switch d. Fuse

1. In series connection, electricity has only one path 1. In parallel connection, electricity has more than
iii. Which one of the following is used as a light source. [D]
to flow through. one path to flow through.
2. In series connection, current flowing through any 2. In parallel connection, current flowing through a. Cassette player b. Electric mixer c. Rice cooker d. Table lamp
part remains same. different parts is different.
3. In series connection, if one element gets fused, 3. In parallel connection, if one element gets fused, iv. Safety device used in electric current is [D]
all the elements will stop working. all other elements continue to work. a. Electric bulb b. Battery c. Switch d. Fuse
4. In series connection, every element of the circuit 4. In parallel connection, every element is connected
is connected end to end. between the same two terminals. 10. Draw the circuit diagram for the following series connection.
5. It is used at the time of marriages and other 5. It is used in household connections.
festivals for decoration.
6. 6.
Ans.
7. Draw the symbols for the electrical components in the table.

Ans.
S.No. ELECTRIC COMPONENTS SYMBOL

1. Cell 11. Match the following.
1. Cell [E] A. Used to open or close a circuit.
2. Electric bulb 2. Switch [A] B. Safety device used in electric current.
3. Circuit [C] C. A complete path for the flow of an electric current.
3. Electric switch 4. Miniature Circuit Breaker [D] D. Reset by hand, circuit becomes complete once again.
5. Fuse [B] E. A device which converts chemical energy into electrical
4. Battery
energy.
8. Mark ‘T’ of the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false. Give reasons for choice of answer.
Ans.
a. In series circuit, the electricity has only one path. [T]

b. In parallel circuit, the electricity has more than one path. [T]
c. To make a battery of two cells, the negative terminal of one cell is [F]
connected to the negative terminal of the other cell.
d. When the electric current through the fuse exceeds a certain limit, [T]
the fuse wire melts and breaks.
e. The switch is used to close or open an electric circuit. [T]
9. Choose the correct answer.
i. Arun buys four bulbs of 15W, 40W, 60W and 100W respectively. Which one should he [A]
use in his room as a night bulb?
a. 15W b. 40W c. 60W d. 100W
9. R EFLECTION OF LIGHT
Keywords :
Incident Ray : A ray of light that strikes a surface.
Reflected Ray : The ray that represents the light reflected by the surface.
Normal : The line which intersects another line at right angles.
Angle of incidence : The angle in which the incident ray makes with the normal at the point of
incidence.
Angle of reflection : An angle in which the reflected ray makes with the normal at the point of
reflection.
Periscope : An optical instrument for viewing objects that are above the line of direct sight.
Lateral inversion : The effect produced by a plane mirror in reversing images from left to right.
Kaleidoscope : An instrument containing loose bits of coloured material such as glass or plastic
and two plane mirrors so placed that change of position of the bits of material are
reflected in an endless variety of patterns.
Rear view mirror : A small angled mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a motor vehicle enabling the
driver to see the vehicle or road behind.
Spherical mirror : A mirror with a curved reflecting surface.
Convex mirror : The mirror in which the reflecting surface bulges out towards the light source.
Concave mirror : The mirror in which the reflecting surface is recessed inward. i.e, away from the
light source.
Real image : The collection of focus points actually made by converging rays.
Virtual image : The collection of focus points made by the extensions of diverging rays.
Regular reflection : Reflection from a smooth surface like that of a mirror is called regular reflection.
Irregular reflection: Reflection from a rough surface is called irregular reflection.

1. Vidya made a periscope making slits like this as shown in the figure. Will it work or not? Explain your
answer. Try to make a periscope like this and see whether it works or not.
Ans. when angle of incidence is i)600 ii)00

a. The periscope does not work. Ans.
b. The slits made must be parallel to each other.
a. Angle of incidence i = angle of reflection r
c. If the slits are parallel, then the mirror strips placed in them will give reflections properly and
b. If i = 600 then r = 600
the image of the object can be seen.
c. If i = 00 then r = 00
2. i) Draw the reflected ray in the figure given here.
4. Imagine that your sister is viewing a cricket match on a TV and you are watching the same cricket
P R Q
match in a mirror which is opposite to the TV. What difference do you notice in the match?
450
Ans.
O
a. The image of an object in mirror will have lateral inversion.
b. The cricket match my sister is watching on the TV is the object.
c. The cricket match I am viewing in a mirror is its image.
Ans.
d. So, the image appears to me in a lateral inversion position.
P R Q
5. Write the mirror images of your name.
Ans. Eg. SITA, GITA etc.
O N B
English - SITA -
Telugu - > -
1. The angle of incidence i = 450. ీ
2. The angle of reflection r = 450. 6. You are given the mirror image of a name. Can you find out the actual name?
త
3. OR is the incident ray.
(Place a mirror in front of this figure and check your answer.)
4. RB is the reflected ray.
5. NR is the normal drawn to the reflected surface. Ans. SURYA
ii) Mark the position of the image in the figure given here by dotted lines. 7. Get three mirror strips, two rubber bands, a card board sheet, translucent paper and broken bangle
pieces and make a kaleidoscope.
Ans. Procedure :
1. Take three mirror strips of same size.

2. Tie these strips with rubber bands to form a triangular tube as shown in the figure.
3. While tying the strips together, remember to keep their reflecting surfaces facing each other
inside the tube.
4. Cover one end of the tube with translucent paper using a rubber band.
5. Cover the second end with cardboard sheet and make a hole in it so that we can look inside it.
6. Now our kaleidoscope is ready.
Ans. The position of the image is shown by dotted lines. 7. Now put few small pieces of coloured glass bangles inside the triangular tube.
8. Look at the bangle pieces through the hole.
9. Shake the kaleidoscope and try to see through the hole slowly rotating it.
10. We shall be viewing so many designs and bangle pieces.
8. Write examples of multiple images formed in your daily life.
Ans.
a. In sweet shops, mirrors are arranged in such a way that multiple images of the sweets are made
visible to the customers.
3. How do you relate angle of reflection and angle of incidence? What will be the angle of reflection
b. In ice-cream parlours and in cool drink shops, plane mirrors are arranged on the walls of the 12. Unexpectedly some water sprinkled on a mirror while Madhu was shaving his face. Did he observe
room to form multiple images.
any difference in his image? If yes, explain why?
c. In a barber shop, mirrors are arranged in such a way that the customer can view his images in all
directions. Ans.
9. Observe the following figures. a. When water is sprinkled on a mirror, the plane surface of the mirror is disturbed.
b. So, the clarity in the images goes away and due to reflection taking place in a scattering way, the
image becomes dull and clear.
13. Imagine that all the houses in your street have elevation with mirrors. Suppose you and your
friends are walking in the street would you experience any difficulties when you walk through that
How many images would you observe in the mirrors in the above cases? Write your guesses. Do street? Predict and explain. Is it difficult for birds to live or fly in that street? Why?
these experiments and check whether your guesses are correct or not? Give reasons. Ans.
Ans. The number of images formed depends upon the angle of mirrors. If the angle between the a. We experience difficulties when we walk through the street where all houses have elevation
with mirrors.
mirrors is (∂),
b. Due to multiple images, they often were put to confusion.
Then the number of images is given by n = (360/∂) – 1 c. It is difficult for birds to live or fly in that street.
Fig-1 (360/180) – 1 = 1 image is formed 14. What is the angle between 2 plane mirrors when there are five images?
Fig-2 (360/90) – 1 = 3 images are formed. Ans. When the angle between the two plane mirrors is 600, then 5 images of the object are formed in
10. Observe the figure and identify which type of mirror is used? How do you justify it? the mirrors.
n = (360/∂) – 1 ( n = number of images )
5 = (360/∂) – 1
5 + 1 = (360/∂) – 1
∂ = (360/60) = 600.
15. What is the difference between convex and concave mirrors? Draw the diagrams of convex and
Ans.
concave mirrors.
a. A concave mirror is used to note the image of the flame of the candle on a screen.
b. A concave mirror forms the real image of an object. Ans. a. A concave mirror forms the real image of an object.
c. We know that, images caught on a screen are called real images.
b. A concave mirror forms the virtual image of an object.
11. Sai lighted a candle in his house when power went off. His mother placed it in front of a mirror. Sai
observed something that excited him. What change would have excited Sai? Some questions came
to his mind. Can you guess some questions? Write a few such questions.
c.
Ans.
Convex mirror Concave mirror
a. When the power is off, the room becomes dark and no object is visible.
b. When a lighted candle is put in front of the mirror, light falling from it on all objects are visible in d. The reflecting surface of the mirror is concave in the case of a concave mirror.
the mirror. e. The reflecting surface of the mirror is convex in the case of a convex mirror.
c. The following questions are likely to arise in the mind of Sai.
I. Why are only some images of the objects in the room are visible in the mirror? 16. Where do you find irregular reflection in daily life? Give examples.
II. What relation exists between the light of the candle and mirror exists? Ans.
III. Why not the images of all objects seen in the mirror?
IV. What is important for the visibility of the objects? a. Irregular reflection is observed in the window glass which is rough.
b. Irregular reflection is observed in glass mirror on which water is sprinkled. 3. Optical shops where spectacles are sold
4. Hair cutting saloons
17. Mirror helps us to see all the objects around us without turning our heads. How do you appreciate
5. Jewellery shops
the role of mirrors in our life? 6. Shopping malls.
Ans. 22. Collect information about which objects of your school and home, work like a mirror and why?
a. Convex mirror is used as a rear-view mirror in motor vehicles. Identify the similarities among these objects.
b. A convex mirror can show the image of a large area as a small image.
Ans.
c. This property of the convex mirror is made use in seeing all objects behind without turning our
head. a. School bell works like a convex mirror.
d. When we stand in between parallel mirrors also we could see our front and back. b. The outer wall of the cylindrical drum made of stainless-steel works like a convex mirror.
e. I appreciate the wonderful usefulness of role of role of mirrors in our life. c. The outer portion of the spoon is like a convex mirror whereas the inner portion of the spoon is
like a concave mirror.
18. Army people can see their enemies while hiding themselves with the help of periscopes. How do
you appreciate the use of periscope for their security? 10. NUTRITION IN PLANTS
Ans. Keywords :
a. If the soldier is in front of his enemy, there will be a danger to his life. Nutrition : The process of obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
b. Army people make use of periscope to see their enemies by hiding themselves.
c. This periscope is a gift made by making use of the properties of mirrors. Autotroph : The organism which can prepare its own food is called autotroph.
d. I really appreciate the utility of the periscope. Chlorophyll : The green pigment present in plants which absorbs light.
19. Imagine what would happen if there are no rear-view mirrors attached to vehicles and there are Photosynthesis : A process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from
no concave mirrors in headlights of the vehicles. Appreciate the role of convex and concave carbon dioxide and water.
mirrors in safe driving. Stomata : The tiny holes present on the leaves through which gaseous exchange takes place.
Ans. Saprophyte : The organism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.
a. If there are no rear-view mirrors attached to vehicles, it would be impossible for driving. Insectivorous : The organism which eats insects.
b. This may lead to accidents.
c. If there are no concave mirrors in head lights of vehicles, the driver will not have clear vision of Carnivorous : The organism which eats meat of other animals.
long distances during night time. Symbiosis : It is an association between two organisms in which both are benefited.
d. As a result, drivers cannot travel with the present speed.
e. So, the convex and concave mirrors have a great role to play. Fungi : A eukaryotic organism which is mostly a saprophyte.
20. While constructing a new house, Kishan’s uncle rejected his wife’s request of glass elevation to the Improve Your Learning
building, saying that “It is harmful to the birds and also ourselves”. Why would you support the 1. A potted plant is kept in light for a day and one of its leaves is tested for starch. The same plant is kept
decision of Kishan’s uncle? in the dark for two days and another leaf is tested for starch. Will there be a difference in the results of
Ans. the two experiments? Give reasons for your answer.
a. It is difficult for birds to live or fly in that street as the reflections will confuse them. Ans.
b. I appreciate Kishan’s uncle because his concern about biodiversity and living birds.
a. The leaves of the plant kept in sunlight contains starch.
21. Collect information from your elders and shopkeepers about where we use more mirrors and why? b. The leaves of the plant kept in dark does not contain starch.
c. That means leaves prepare glucose in presence of sunlight.
Ans. We use more mirrors in,
d. The glucose is converted into starch.
1. Sweet shops e. In dark, leaves cannot prepare glucose.
2. Ice cream parlour
2. What happens if leaves of a green plant are coated with oil?
Ans. i. Cuscuta is an example of – [B]

a. If the leaves are coated with oil, the pores of stomata will be closed with oil. a. Autotroph b. Parasite c. Saprophyte d. Symbiont
b. Then, the gaseous exchange does not occur.
ii. Haustoria are - [A]
c. So, plant cannot perform photosynthesis.
a. Roots b. Stems c. Leaves d. All of them
3. Do you think saprophytes help us in keeping the environment clean? iii. Raw materials involved in the process of photosynthesis – [D]
Ans. a. Carbon dioxide b. Water c. Sun light d. All of them
a. Saprophytes feed on dead and decaying organism. 8. Circle the insectivorous plant among the plants given below.
b. So, they help in keeping the environment clean.
a. Hibiscus b. Teak c. Nepenthes d. Aloe vera
4. Fill in the blanks and give reasons.
9. Collect information about experiments of Joseph Priestley and Ingen Houz from internet and make a
a. Green plants are in nature. ( Ans. Autotrophic )
brief note on them.
Reason : Green plants prepare glucose by utilizing CO2, water in presence of sunlight.
Ans. Joseph Priestley :
b. The food synthesized by the plants is stored as _. ( Ans. Starch )
a. Priestley conducted so many science experiments.
Reason : The glucose prepared by plants is converted to starch. Because glucose is soluble in water. b. He could demonstrate that what animals were doing to the air was being reversed by plants.
c. According to Priestley, if animals were making the air impure, plants were making it pure.
c. Saprophytes depend on for food. ( Ans. Dead and decaying matter )
Ingen Houz :
Reason : Saprophytes don’t have chlorophyll. So, they simply absorb organic material from decaying
a. He repeated Priestley’s experiments.
matter.
b. He found that only the green parts of plants when exposed to sunlight could prepare food and
5. Differentiate between the following with some examples. release oxygen.
c. This process is called photosynthesis and such plants are called autotrophs.
i. Parasite and saprophyte
ii. Host and parasite 10. Do you agree with Van Helmont? If nutrients absorbed by plants from soil is equal to the mass of the
Ans. plant/tree, what will happen? Think and write your hypothesis.
PARASITE SAPROPHYTE Ans.

1. Parasite takes food from the organism on which 1. Saprophytes secrete digestive juice on the matter a. We agree with Von Helmont.
it lives. they live and converts it into a solution and then
b. If the nutrients absorbed by plants from soil is equal to the mass of the plant, by now, all the
absorb it.
nutrients in the soil might have exhausted.
2. They feed on living organism. 2. They feed on dead and decaying matter.
3. The organism on which it feeds is called host. 3. They do not feed on living organism. c. Plants provide oxygen for living organisms to survive.
d. Plants prepare their own food by photosynthesis.
11. Why are some plants called insectivorous plants?
HOST PARASITE
1. They give nutrition. 1. They get nutrition from host. Ans.
2. These plants produce their food. 2. They take food from the plant on which they grow.
3. The leaves have chlorophyll in these plants. 3. The leaves have no chlorophyll. a. Some plants not only prepare their own food, but also obtain nutrition from insects.
b. Leaves of these plants are specially modified to trap insects.
c. These plants grow in nitrogen deficient soil.
6. Name the following : d. Hence, they get nitrogen from insects.
e. So, they are called insectivorous plants.
i. Pores through which leaves exchange gases. ( Ans. Stomata )
ii. Plants that act as scavenger of nature. ( Ans. Saprophyte ) 12. Collect a leaf. Take peel from both sides of leaf and observe stomata size, shape and number under
iii. Those plants that share food and shelter. ( Ans. Host plant )
microscope. Write your findings.
iv. Plants which cannot make their own food and obtain it from host. ( Ans. Parasitic plant )
Ans.
7. Tick the correct answer.
a. Both the surfaces of the leaf contain epidermis which shows stomata. cockroach.
b. The number of stomata is more on the ventral surface.
iii. are found on leaves for the exchange of gases.
c. Shape of the stomata is similar in both the surfaces.
d. Stomata are thick in colour towards dorsal surface. Reason : Stomata are the respiratory organs of plants.
e. Size of the stomata is same.
2. Select correct answer and give reasons.
13. Prathima said “ Mushroom is also a plant “. Is she correct? How would you support her?
i. The process which involves the exchange of gases is called [D]
Ans. a. Respiration b. Circulation c. Digestion d. Breathing
Reason : The process of inhalation and exhalation is called breathing.
a. Prathima is correct. Mushroom is a plant.
ii. During inspiration, air passes into lungs due to [C]
b. Mushrooms grow on rotting wood during the rainy season.
a. Increased volume of thoracic cavity.
c. They lack chlorophyll. So, they cannot prepare their own food.
b. Fall in pressure inside the lungs.
d. They are saprophytes.
c. Increase in the volume of thoracic cavity and fall in lung pressure.
14. Photosynthesis is the way plants make food in every leaf by using different items. Write your feeling d. Muscular expansion of lungs.
Reason : Inspiration is a process in which air enters into lungs.
on this.
iii. Roots inspire through [D]
Ans. a. Spiracles b. Lenticels c. Stomata d. Air spaces
Reason : Roots also respire through air spaces between the cells.
a. Plants utilize carbon dioxide, water in presence of sunlight and prepare food, release oxygen.
iv. Which of the following animals breathe through their skin and lungs? [B]
b. Really, it is a great thing. Plants are called oxygen factories.
a. Fish b. Frog c. Snake d. Earthworm
c. We owe a lot to the plant kingdom for providing food and shelter. They produce oxygen for the
Reason : Frog is an amphibian.
whole bio world.
v. What happens to lime water when we exhale air into it? [C]
a. Remains same b. Turns blue c. Turns milky d. Becomes colourless
11. R ESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS
Reason : Lime water reacts with CO2 present in the exhaled air and forms Calcium Carbonate.
Keywords : vi. Plants respire through [B]
a. Cells b. Stomata c. Gills d. Cell membrane
Spiracle : A small external respiratory opening on the body of insect. Reason : Stomata are the pores which help in gaseous exchange.
Gills : Respiratory organs of fish. vii. The respiratory organs in cockroach are [D]
a. Lungs b. Gills c. Lenticels d. Spiracles
Carbon dioxide : A colourless gas formed by burning of fuels. Reason : Spiracles are the small holes through which air enters into the body of cockroach.
Oxygen : The life supporting component of air. 3. What is respiration? How is it different from breathing?
Inhale : Breathe in Ans.
Exhale : Breathe out a. Respiration :
Inspiration : The process of breathing air into the lungs. i. It is the process of producing energy by the oxidation of glucose.
ii. It is a biological process.
Expiration : The process of breathing out air from lungs. b. Breathing :
Trachea : Fine tubes in the body of insect, conveying air direct to the tissues. i. Breathing is the process of intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
ii. It is a physical process.
Improve Your Learning 4. Frogs breathe through their skin as well as their lungs. Explain.
1. Fill in the blanks and give reasons. Ans.
i. _ are the respiratory organs of fish. ( Ans. Gills ) a. Frog breathes with lungs when it is on land.
Reason : Fish lives in water. So, they have specialized respiratory organs called gills. b. When it goes deep underground and sleeps twice every year, it breathes with skin.
ii. In cockroach, a network of _ is found. ( Ans. Respiratory tubes ) 5. If you want to know about ‘Action of gases in lungs’, What questions you would like to ask?
Reason : The network of respiratory tubes is called trachea, a special respiratory organ found in Ans.
a. What will happen to the gases in the lungs? 12. R EPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
b. How are the gases transferred to different parts of the body?
c. In return, what comes to the lungs? Keywords :
d. How will the gases return to the lungs?
Cutting : A part of a stem, root or leaf capable of developing into a new plant.
6. If you did this experiment of respiration with fruits and dry leaves, what would the result be? Explain.
Androecium : Male part of the flower.
Ans.
Gynoecium : Female part of the flower.
a. In dry leaves, respiration does not take place.
b. In fruits also, the respiration process is stopped. Thalamus : The thickened part of the stem from which flower organs grow.
7. Do you find any relation between plants and animals by their respiration and photosynthesis? Corolla : All the petals of a flower together called corolla.
Ans. Calyx : All the sepals of the flower together called calyx.
a. All living organisms respire. Stamen : Male reproductive organ of the flower.
b. But, photosynthesis occurs only in plants in which food is prepared. Pistil : Female reproductive part of the flower.
c. Oxygen is also released in photosynthesis.
d. Animals cannot prepare food and depend on plants. Anther : The part of the stamen that contains pollen.
e. All the living organisms utilize oxygen for respiration which is evolved in photosynthesis. Filament : The stalk of the anther.
8. Asif wondered how plants and animals which live under water also respire. Do you know how? Budding : It is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an
Ans. outgrowth or bud.
a. Plants that live in water take the oxygen dissolved in water. Zygote : Fertilized egg cell formed by the union of male and female gametes.
b. Animals that live in water have special respiratory organs to take oxygen dissolved in water.
c. Thus, they can survive under water. Vegetative propagation : A type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are formed from the
9. Imagine the lungs and size of elephant. Is there any relation between body size and lung size? Collect vegetative parts of the plant.
information from school library or internet. Spore : A unit of sexual/asexual reproduction that may be adopted for dispersal and
Ans. production of new organism.
a. In terrestrial animals, the size of lungs is proportionate to the size of the body. Pollination : The transfer of pollen grains onto the stigma.
b. In elephant, the lungs are elastic and is more convenient to the movement of body. Fertilization : Fusion of male and female gametes.
c. Absence of pleural space helps in adjustment and applying negative force on lungs when the trunk
raises up. Improve Your Learning
d. The capacity of lung is 310 litres of air for one breathe.
1. Do all flowers have same parts? Give examples of some flowers and explain your answer.
Ans.
a. All flowers do not have the same parts.
b. Stamens are the male reproductive part and pistil is the female reproductive part.
c. The flowers which contain only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers.
Eg : Corn, Papaya, Cucumber, etc.
d. The flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers.
Eg : Mustard, rose, petunia, etc.
2. Differentiate between
a. Bisexual flowers, Unisexual flowers
b. Complete flower, Incomplete flower
c. Male flower, Female flower
d. Self pollination, Cross pollination b. In plants, flower is the sexual part.

e. Sexual reproduction, Asexual reproduction c. Male and female gametes are produced in the flower.
d. They are fused to form the seeds.
Ans.
e. New plant develops from the seeds.
BISEXUAL FLOWERS UNISEXUAL FLOWERS f. New plant has the characters of both the plants.
1. A flower that has both stamens and pistil is called 1. A flower which has either stamens or pistil is 6. Can plants produce new plants even without seeds? Explain the methods with examples.
bisexual flower. called unisexual flower.
2. Eg: Datura, hibiscus, ipomea, etc. 2. Eg: Cucumber, bottle guard, bitter gourd, etc. Ans. Yes. Plants can produce new plants without seeds.
a. Plants produce baby plants from vegetative parts. i.e, root, stem and leaf.
COMPLETE FLOWERS INCOMPLETE FLOWERS b. This process is called vegetative propagation which is a type of asexual reproduction.
1. A flower that has 4 or more whorls is called a 1. A flower which has either stamens or pistil is c. For example, in potato, new plants grow from the eyes of the modified stem.
complete flower. called a unisexual flower. d. In Bryophyllum, new plants arise from the leaves.
2. Eg: Datura, hibiscus, ipomea, etc. 2. Eg: Cucumber, bottle guard, bitter gourd, etc. e. In carrot, radish, new plants arise from the modified root.
7. Do all plants reproduce in the same way? Explain with examples.
MALE FLOWER FEMALE FLOWER Ans.
1. The flowers which has stamens only are male 1. The flowers which has pistil only are female
flowers. flowers. a. Many plants like mango reproduce by producing seeds.
b. Potato like plants reproduce vegetatively with the help of eyes.
c. Bryophyllum reproduces vegetatively with the help of leaves.
SELF POLLINATION CROSS POLLINATION d. Yeast reproduces asexually by budding.
1. When pollen grains of the flower reaches the 1. When the pollen grains of one flower reaches the
stigma of the same flower, it is self-pollination. stigma of another flower of the same plant or 8. Draw the diagram of any flower showing its parts.
another plant, it is cross pollination.
2. No agents are required for this process. 2. Agents are required for this process.
9. Karthik saw a cucumber plant in the kitchen garden. He identified two
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION types of flowers-some flowers had a small swollen structure behind them while some did not. He
1. Male and female gametes are formed. 1. No gametes are formed.
removed all the flowers which did not have the swollen structure behind them thinking that they were
2. Fusion of gametes take place. 2. No fusion takes place.
3. Seeds are formed. 3. No seeds are formed. of no use.
4. New plants arise from seeds. 4. New plants are formed from vegetative parts.
• Which flowers did he remove?
• What are the flowers which had a small fruit behind them?
3. What happens when a pollen grain falls on a stigma?
Ans.
Ans.
a. He removed all the male flowers.
a. When a pollen grain falls on a stigma, the substance present on the stigma promotes germination. b. The flowers which have a small fruit behind them are female flowers.
b. During germination, a tube grows from the pollen grain.
10. Differentiate between self pollination and cross pollination.
c. The pollen tube reaches the ovary through the style carrying the male gamete.
d. The male gamete fuses with the female gamete. Ans.
e. This process is called fertilization.
SELF POLLINATION CROSS POLLINATION
4. What helps to bring pollen grains to the stigma? [or] What are the agents of pollination? 1. In this, the pollen grains of the flower reach the 1. In this, the pollen grains of one flower reach the
stigma of the same flower. stigma of another flower.
Ans. Air, water, insects, animals and humans are the agents of pollination.
2. No agents are required. 2. Agents like air, water, insects, animals and humans
5. Explain the method of sexual reproduction in plants. required.
3. It occurs in bisexual flowers only. 3. It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers.
Ans.
a. Sexual reproduction is essential for the formation of seeds in plants.
11. Name the parts of the following plants from which they propagate vegetatively.
a. Potato b. Byrophyllum 13. S EED DISPERSAL

Ans.
Keywords :
a. Potato : In potato, new plants arise from the eyes in the tuber which is a modified stem.
b. Bryophyllum : In bryophyllum, new plants arise from edge of the leaves. Dispersal : Spreading over a wide area.
12. What am I? Bursting mechanism : Explosion in fruits which leads to the dispersal of seeds.
a. I am formed by the fusion of male and female parts. ( Ans. Zygote ) Fleshy fruit : A fruit consisting largely of soft succulent tissue.
b. I am a part of the plant that can travel a long distance and grow to a baby plant. ( Ans. Seed )
13. Fill in the blanks.
1. What happens if seeds are not dispersed?
a. Flowers containing both male and female parts are called _ . ( Ans. Bisexual flowers )
Ans.
b. Pollen grain from anther of one flower that reaches the stigma of another flower is called _ _.
( Ans. Cross pollination ) a. If the seeds are not dispersed, they fall in the same place.
c. From _ part of Bryophyllum, new plants are produced. ( Ans. Leaf ) b. So, they compete for place, sunlight, water, etc.
d. Agents of pollination are . ( Ans. Air, water, insects, animals, humans ) c. Many of the plants will die if the seeds are not dispersed.
e. Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma is called _ _. ( Ans. Pollination )
14. Match the following. 2. How are the seeds dispersed in Calotropis?
1. Pollen grain [C] A. Ovary Ans.
2. Ovule [A] B. Bryophyllum
a. The seeds of Calotropis have light and hairy structure at one end.
3. Reproduction through eyes [D] C. Anther
4. Reproduction through leaves [B] D. Potato b. So, they travel with wind and settle at a suitable place to germinate.
3. Why do most of the coconut trees grow along the sea shores?
15. Observe the following figures. What difference do you observe? Write in your note book.
Ans.
Ans.
f. Coconut is enclosed with fibrous material with air spaces.
a. In figure 1, pollen grains are reaching the stigma of the same
g. So, the entire coconut fruit floats on water, reaches the ground and germinate.
flower. It indicates self pollination.
h. That is why most of the coconut trees grow along the sea shore.
b. In figure 2, pollen of one flower are reaching the stigma of another Figure 1 Figure 2
flower. It indicates cross pollination. 4. Collect the information in the following table and discuss the reasons.
Ans.
AGENT OF DISPERSAL NAME OF THE SEED / FRUIT

By wind Milk weed(Calotropis), dandelion, maple, cotton
By water Coconut fruit, seeds of lotus
By animal Seeds of grass plants, mango seeds, guava seeds
By bird Neem seeds
By man Tomatoes, paddy, sugarcane, maize, wheat, pulses
By any other Crossandra, lady’s finger
5. Do you find any relation between the weight of the seeds and the dispersal mechanism? Discuss with
suitable examples.
Ans. Yes. There is a relation between the weight of the seeds and the dispersal mechanism.
a. The seeds which are light with wings disperse through air. Eg: Maple
b. The seeds that are heavy fall to the bottom of water and get carried by the flow of water. Eg: Lotus
6. Ravali said that dispersal of seed is very important in nature. Is she correct? Why do you support her?
Ans. Improve Your Learning

g. Yes. She is correct. The dispersal of seed is very important in nature. 1. Why do we paint wooden doors and windows?
h. If the seeds are not dispersed they remain in the same place.
i. Most of them may not germinate due to lack of space, sunlight and water. Ans. We paint wooden doors and windows to protect them from moisture, termites and other insects.
j. It leads to the extinction of plant species. 2. Some deposits were observed in water preserved in Aluminium containers after two to three days.
7. Some seeds like soap nuts have very hard shell. Why is it so? What could the deposit be? What is the reason for the formation of these deposits?How are the seeds
Ans. dispersed in Calotropis?
a. The inside portion of the soapnut is soft and delicate. Ans.
b. To protect the soft and delicate portion they have hard shell.
c. The hard shell helps the seed to avoid the unfavourable conditions for germination. c. The deposits are Aluminium oxide.
d. They are formed by the highly reactive nature of Aluminium.
8. Now - a – days people want to eat sprouts. List out the reasons why they take sprouts as food?
3. When a candle is burnt, what type of changes take place? Give another example of a similar process.
Ans.
Ans. When a candle is burnt, both physical and chemical changes occur.
a. Sprouted seeds provide health and nutrition.
b. They prevent indigestion. 1. Physical changes :
c. They have an enzyme which protects body from cancer. c. Melting of wax ( Change in state )
d. They provide antioxidants which increase the oxygen levels in the body. d. Reduction in the size of candle. ( To be checked )
e. Sprouts have lot of dietary fibre which prevents constipation. 2. Chemical changes :
f. They have vitamin - C and vitamin – A. a. Emission of heat and light.
b. Release of Carbon dioxide.
Examples :
a. Burning of paper
17. CHANGES AROUND US b. Burning of wood
Keywords : c. Burning of LPG in kitchen.
Chemical change : When a change occurs in the composition of a material, it is a chemical change. 4. How is an iron gate prevented from rusting?
Ans. Iron gate is prevented from rusting by painting.
Reversible : The change where no new materials are formed and original material is recovered.
5. Between coastal and dry land areas, where is rusting of iron objects faster? Give reasons.
Irreversible : When a change cannot be reversed, it is called irreversible.
Ans.
Rust : It is the corrosion of elemental iron.
a. Rusting is a chemical process.
Physical change : When a material undergoes a change in shape, size, colour or state without the
b. It depends upon the humidity of air.
formation of new substance, it is physical change. c. If the humidity of the air is more, rusting will be faster.
d. In coastal areas, humidity is more.
Composition : Chemical composition refers to the identity and relative number of the chemical
e. That is why rusting is faster in coastal region.
elements that make up any particular compound.
6. Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical, chemical or both.
Vinegar : An aqueous solution of acetic acid.
a. Burning of coal - Chemical change
Baking soda : Sodium bicarbonate is commonly called as baking soda. b. Melting of wax - Both physical and chemical change
c. Beating Aluminium to make Aluminium foil - Physical change
Lime water : It is the common name for a dilute aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide.
d. Digestion of food - Chemical change
Galvanization : The process of depositing zinc on either metal is called galvanization. e. Boiling of egg - Chemical change
f. Photosynthesis - Chemical change
Corrosion : The natural process that converts a refined metal into its oxide.
g. Cutting of wood - Chemical change
7. Which of the following processes are chemical changes? Give reasons.

a. Making a Salt Solution d. Both steps – i & ii are physical changes.

b. Adding Hydrochloric Acid to Marble stone Ans. All the statements are wrong.
c. Evaporation of water Step i is a physical change and step ii is a chemical change.
d. Adding phenolphthalein indicator to acid solution.
e. Respiration II. Bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (step – i). The Biogas is then burnt as fuel (step –
f. Ripening of a Mango ii). Choose the correct statement from the following. [C]
g. Breaking of Glass a. Only step – i is a chemical change.
Ans. Physical changes : b. Only step – ii is a chemical change.
c. Both steps – i & ii are chemical changes.
1. Making a salt solution. d. Both steps – i & ii are physical changes.
2. Evaporation of water.
3. Breaking glass. III. A piece of paper was cut into 4 pieces. What type of change occurred in the property of the paper?
Reason : In the above changes, no new substance is formed. Change occurred only in state. a. Physical change [A]
b. Chemical change
Chemical changes : c. Both changes
d. No change
1. Adding Hydrochloric acid to marble stone.
IV. Aryan stretched a rubber band. What does it represent? [B]
2. Adding Phenolphthalein indicator to acid solution.
3. Respiration. a. Chemical change
b. Physical change
4. Ripening of mango.
c. Both changes
Reason : In the above changes, new substance is formed. The change cannot be reversed. d. No change
8. Identify the incorrect statements among the following and rewrite them correctly.
V. Which of the following changes are reversible or irreversible. [E]
a. Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change. a. Rise of water from ground to the overhead tank.
b. Iron pipes coated with Zinc don’t get rust. b. Setting of cement.
c. Setting of curd is a physical change. c. Absorption of water by a sponge.
d. Condensation of steam is not a chemical change. d. Migration of birds.
e. Burning of Magnesium in air is a chemical change.
e. Rise in temperature during summer.
Ans.
11. Sudheer wants to make his vessels ,which are made of Brass and copper, clean and shiny. What
a. Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change. - Incorrect
Correct statement: Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change. suggestions you would like to give him?
c. Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change. - Incorrect Ans.
Correct statement: Setting of curd is a chemical change.
a. Brass and copper vessels when exposed to air react with oxygen and moisture and form green coat.
9. Fill in the blanks in the following statements. b. This green coat protects them from getting further corroded.
c. To keep them clean and shine, they must be used regularly and washed with cleaning powder.
a. The chemical name of vinegar is . ( Ans. Acetic acid )
b. Changes in which only _ _ properties of a substance change are called physical d. If they are not used regularly, grease may be applied to prevent direct contact of these metals with
changes. ( Ans. Physical ) oxygen and moisture in the air.
c. Changes in which new substances are formed are called changes. ( Ans. Chemical ) 12. Anurag appreciates the changes in ripe mango as “How nice its colour and taste are”? Give some
d. Magnesium + Oxygen → _ . ( Ans. Magnesium oxide )
e. Copper Sulphate + Iron → _ . ( Ans. Iron sulphate + Copper ) examples of changes that make you feel happy, or wonder. Appreciate them in your own words.
10. Answer the following questions.
Ans.
I. The gas we use in kitchen is in the form of liquid in the cylinder. When it comes out from the
a. Change of seasons.
cylinder it becomes a gas (step – i), then it burns (step – ii). Choose the correct statement from the
b. Blooming of flowers.
following.
c. Ripening of fruits.
a. Only step – i is a chemical change.
b. Only step – ii is a chemical change. I feel very happy while observing these changes.
c. Both steps – i & ii are chemical changes.
13. The changes like, chicks came out of eggs, blossoming flowers etc. are very pretty to see. List out such 17. Ravi prepared carbon-dioxide using baking soda and vinegar. Carbon-dioxide changed lime water into
changes around you which make you feel happy on observation. milky white. Represent this experiment inn a diagram with labelling.
Ans. Ans.
a. Growth of baby into adult.
b. Cow giving birth to a calf.
c. Dark clouds giving rain.
d. Blooming of flowers.
e. Change in the colour of raw and ripen fruits.
f. Caterpillar growing into a butterfly.
14. Match the following.
1. Growing hair [C] a. Due to chemical change

2. Breakinng mirror [D] b. Acetic acid 18. When you burn a piece of wood different changes take place. Analyse the following.
3. Galvanisation [E] c. Slow change
a. Predict possible changes and list them all.
4. Vinegar [B] d. Physical change
5. Atmospheric pollution [A] e. The process of depositing zinc on iron metal. Ans. During burning; heat, sound and light are produced.Wood turns into ash. All are chemical changes.
15. Collect information on the changes taking place in the food during the process of digestion. b. Are there any physical changes among them?
Ans. Ans. No. There are no physical changes in the list.
a. The digestive system consists of mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large c. How many forms of energy are released in the change?
intestine and anus.
Ans. Heat energy, light energy, sound energy are produced.
b. In the mouth, carbohydrates in the food are partially digested.
c. In the stomach, proteins are digested partially. d. What chemical changes do you notice? Explain briefly why these occur?
d. In the small intestine, all the carbohydrates, proteins and fats are digested completely.
Ans.
e. In this process, enzymes play an important role which are secreted by digestive glands.
f. Finally, the food is absorbed in the small intestine and supplied to body parts through blood. i. Wood turns into carbon dioxide and ash.
g. The digested food is stored in the large intestine and finally shit out. ii. When we burn wood, it reacts with oxygen in the air and from carbon dioxide and ash.
16. Collect information on the process of artificial ripening of fruits in fruit markets and discuss whether it
is useful or harmful.
- Prepared by
Ans.
S.Gowri Sujata
a. In the artificial ripening of fruits, calcium carbide is used.
b. It is a harmful chemical to our health.
c. It is a carcinogenic agent. SA(BS)
d. To avoid eating artificially ripen fruits, we must prefer only seasonal fruits.
e. The fruits should be washed with salt water before eating.
ZPHS(G) Singarayakonda

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7TH GENERAL SCIENCE

S.Gowri Sujata, sa(bs)

1. FOOD COMPONENTS Ans.

d. Oils and fats give us _ ( Ans. Energy ) j. Delicious kichidi is ready.

1. Fibre (D) A. Micronutrients the reason.

2. Protein (C) B. Energy giving Ans.

Ans. different flowers. Explain their nature.

a. The solution may be acidic or neutral in nature. Ans.

Ans. a. It is very surprising that nature has many natural indicators.

b. We can learn so many things from nature. threads.

_ fabric protect us from cold. ( Ans. Woolen ) 4. MOTION AND TIME

a. Yes. Both are obtained from animals. axis of rotation.

wrong. Why? d. So, we may not get correct readings.

7. E LECTRICITY : CURRENT AND IT’S EFFECTS a. Electric cell :

Cell : A device capable of generating electrical energy.

halogen lamps. 5. Fill in the blanks.

Ans. ii. Device used to close or open an electric circuit is [C]

SERIES CONNECTION PARALLEL CONNECTION a. Electric bulb b. Battery c. Switch d. Fuse

7. Draw the symbols for the electrical components in the table.

S.No. ELECTRIC COMPONENTS SYMBOL

a. In series circuit, the electricity has only one path. [T]

Improve Your Learning

Ans. when angle of incidence is i)600 ii)00

1. Take three mirror strips of same size.

Ans. i. Cuscuta is an example of – [B]

PARASITE SAPROPHYTE Ans.

Ans. production of new organism.

d. Self pollination, Cross pollination b. In plants, flower is the sexual part.

a. Potato b. Byrophyllum 13. S EED DISPERSAL

AGENT OF DISPERSAL NAME OF THE SEED / FRUIT

Ans. Improve Your Learning

7. Which of the following processes are chemical changes? Give reasons.

a. Making a Salt Solution d. Both steps – i & ii are physical changes.

1. Growing hair [C] a. Due to chemical change

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