COMPONENTS OF FOOD

Concepts: Nutrients, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals,

dietary fibres, balanced diet, diseases.

Vocabulary: Test, iodine, copper sulphate, caustic soda, dilute, test tube,
dissolve, starch, energy, repair, body building, food, healthy,
maintenance, undigested, absorb, physical work, destroyed,
heat, obesity, loss of vision, beriberi, scurvy, rickets, goiter,
anaemia.

Q: What do we eat during lunch and dinner time?

A: Rice plate (rice, fish curry, dal, vegetables etc.)

Q: Why do we eat different types of food everyday?

A: We know that each food item is made up of one or more ingredients.

(We get ingredients from plants and animals) These ingredients contain some
components that are needed to our body. They are called Nutrients.
The major components of food are
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals And
Water
Fibres

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals are called Nutrients.

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 Carbohydrate:
Q: Which food items are present in a rice plate?
A: rice, dal, vegetables, fish curry, papad etc.

Q: Which food item is in more quantity in a rice plate?

A: Rice.

Q: Why?
A: Because rice gives us lots of carbohydrate.

Carbohydrates mainly give us energy to do work, to play, to study etc.

Q: Which are the other food items that give us carbohydrates?

A: Wheat, bajra, potato, papaya, maize, mango, sugarcane, watermelon

Draw the pictures of all above food items.

Now, how to say whether all the above food contains carbohydrates or not.
Let us test some food to show the presence of carbohydrates.

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 Test: Take a small quantity of a food item and put 3 drops of dilute iodine solution on it.
Observe the colour of the food item. A blue-black colour indicates that it contains
carbohydrates (starch).

In a rice plate, sometimes we include Dal, Fish, Egg, etc.

Q: Why?
because rice gives us carbohydrate (energy)

Similarly dal, fish, egg give us Protein.

Protein:
Q: Why do we need protein?
Protein is needed for the growth and repair of our body.

Food item: Dal, peas, moong, gram, soyabeans. (Plants give us)
Fish, milk, egg, meat, paneer. (Animals give us)
Draw the pictures of all above food items.

Test: Take a small quantity of a food item, grind it, and put it in a test tube, add
10 drops of water and shake it well. Add 2 drops of copper sulphate and 10
drops of caustic soda. Shake well. A violet colour indicates that it contains
protein.

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 Fat: Fats also give us energy. In fact, fats give more energy as compared to the
same amount of carbohydrates.
Food item: Groundnuts, nuts, sunflower oil, coconut oil, soyabean oil (plants)
fish, milk, egg, meat, ghee, butter, cream (animals)
Draw the pictures of all above food items.
Test: Take a small quantity of a food item on a piece of paper and crush it.
An oily patch on paper shows that the food item contains fats.

Vitamins: Vitamins help in protecting our body from diseases.

Types of vitamins: Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,
Vitamin E and Vitamin K.
Vitamin A: It helps in keeping skin and eyes healthy.
Vitamin B: It helps in keeping digestive system healthy.
Vitamin C: It helps in keeping gums healthy, fights against diseases and
takes less time to heal the wounds.
Vitamin D: It helps in keeping bones and teeth healthy.

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 Food item:
Vitamin A: Carrot, mango, papaya, milk, fish oil.
Vitamin B: Brown rice, liver.
Vitamin C: Tomato, orange, lemon, amla, guava.
Vitamin D: Milk, fish, egg, butter.
Draw the pictures of all above food items.
Besides carbohydrate, fat, protein and vitamins, our body needs minerals in small amounts
for proper growth and to maintain good health.
Minerals: 1) Iodine
2) Phosphorous
3) Iron
4) Calcium
1) Iodine:
Q: Why do we need proper iodine?
Iodine deficiency: Goiter, mental disability
Iodine sources: The best sources of iodine are fish, cereals, pulses.

2) Phosphorous:
Phosphorous deficiency: Muscle weakness, Bone pain.
Phosphorous sources: Brown rice, milk, banana, cashews.

3) Iron:
Iron deficiency: Weakness, Anaemia
(Low amount of red blood cells, so it is difficult for
blood to carry oxygen in our body)
Iron sources: apples, green leafy vegetables, water melons, cereals etc.

4) Calcium:
Calcium deficiency: Tooth decay, bone pain, muscle weakness.
Calcium sources: Milk, Egg,

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 Besides these nutrients, our body needs dietary fibres and water.
Q: Why do we need dietary fibres?
Dietary fibres:
 Dietary fibres do not provide any nutrients
 It helps to get rid of undigested food.
Activity: Take a transparent water pipe and put some mud in it. It will get dirty.
Now push some vegetables to get rid of it (to clean it).

Our body system also becomes dirty due to intake of food.

Q: How to get rid of it (to clean)?
Sources: We have to eat whole grains and pulses, vegetables, fresh fruits,
potatoes.

Water:
 Water helps to absorb nutrients from food.
 Water also helps in throwing out sweat and urine.
Sources: fruits, tea, milk,

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 Questions:

A) Multiple choice:

1) ________ is a food item which mainly gives energy to our body.

(Apple, Fish, Rice, Lemon)
2) _________ is a food item that mainly gives protein to our body.
(Dals, Wheat, Carrot, Banana)
3) We get energy from the fruit _________ .
(Apple, Orange, Tomato, Mango)

B) Name any two food items rich in :

1) Fat
2) Protein

C) Match the following:

I II
1) Vitamin A a) Sun
2) Vitamin B complex b) Lemon
3) Vitamin C c) Carrot
4) Vitamin D d) Wheat
D) Choose the correct answer from the following statements:
1. Vitamin A is _______________
2. Vitamin B is _______________
3. Vitamin C is _______________
4. Vitamin D is _______________
a) needed for healthy bones and teeth,
b) needed for healthy eyes
c) needed for healthy gums and repair of body
d) needed for healthy body

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 E) Why do we need minerals?
F) Name the mineral:
1) That is rich in fish,
2) That helps to build strong bones and teeth.
3) That is rich in apple

G) Why do we need dietary fibres?

H) Name the major nutrients of our food.

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