PERFECT TENSES

Perfect Tenses adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan
atau terjadi, baik di masa lalu, sekarang maupun masa depan.
Ada 3 jenis perfect tenses:
a. Present Perfect Tense : SUDAH terjadi/ dilakukan di masa sekarang
b. Past Perfect Tense : SUDAH terjadi/ dilakukan di masa lalu
c. Future Perfect Tense : SUDAH terjadi/ dilakukan di masa depan

A. Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan di masa
sekarang. Ini artinya, si pengucap sudah melakukan kegiatan tersebut saat sekarang menceritakannya. Present
Perfect tense dapat juga digunakan untuk memberikan informasi yang baru atau mengumumkan sesuatu yang
baru saja terjadi.

Pattern:

VERBAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + has/have + Verb-3 She has recovered from her illness.
Negative (-) Subject + has/have + not + Verb-3 She hasn’t recovered from her illness.
Interrogative (?) Has/Have + subject + Verb-3 ? Has she recovered from her illness?
- Yes, she has.
- No, she hasn’t

NOMINAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + has/have + been + nominal We have been the champion of this robotic
competition.
Negative (-) Subject + has/have + been + not + We haven’t been the champion of this robotic
nominal competition.
Interrogative (?) Has/Have + subject + been + Have we been the champion of this robotic
nominal ? competition?
- Yes, we have been.
- No, we haven’t been.

B. Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan atau terjadi di
masa lampau, atau sebelum atau ketika sesuatu lainnya terjadi. Singkatnya, Past Perfect Tense adalah bentuk
lampau dari Present Perfect Tense. Lazimnya, past perfect tense digunakan tidak sendiri, namun ada aksi lain
yang menyertainya. Aksi (dalam Past Perfect Tense) telah terjadi sebelum atau ketika aksi lainnya (dalam
bentuk Simple Past Tense) datang.

Pattern:

VERBAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + had + Verb-3 Ani had finished cooking before John came to
her house last night.
Negative (-) Subject + had + not + Verb-3 Ani hadn’t finished cooking before John came to
her house last night.
Interrogative (?) Had + subject + Verb-3 ? Had Ani finished cooking before John came to
her house last night?
- Yes, she had.
- No, she hadn’t.
 NOMINAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + had + been + nominal Suzan had been a singer before she moved to
this town.
Negative (-) Subject + had + been + not + Suzan hadn’t been a singer before she moved to
nominal this town.
Interrogative (?) Had + subject + been + nominal ? Had Suzan been a singer before she moved to
this town?
- Yes, she had been.
- No, she hadn’t been.

C. Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sudah dilakukan atau
terjadi di masa depan, atau sebelum atau ketika sesuatu lainnya terjadi. Singkatnya, Future Perfect Tense
adalah suatu Prediksi akan sudah dilakukannya atau terjadinya sesuatu di masa depan. Lazimnya, future
perfect tense digunakan tidak sendiri, namun ada aksi lain yang menyertainya. Aksi (dalam Future Perfect
Tense) telah akan terjadi sebelum atau ketika aksi lainnya (dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense) datang.

Pattern:

VERBAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + will + have + Verb-3 He will have left when you come this afternoon.
Negative (-) Subject + will + not + have + Verb-3 He won’t have left when you come this
afternoon.
Interrogative (?) Will + subject + have + Verb-3 ? Will he have left when you come this afternoon?
- Yes, he will have.
- No, he won’t have.

NOMINAL SENTENCES
Sentences Formulas Example
Positive (+) Subject + will + have + been + She will have been a bachelor 3 years from now.
nominal
Negative (-) Subject + will + not + have +been + She won’t have been a bachelor 3 years from
nominal now.
Interrogative (?) Will + subject + have + been + Will she have been a bachelor 3 years from now?
nominal ? - Yes, she will have been.
- No, she won’t have been.

NOTE:

Have digunakan oleh subject: I, You, We, They

Has digunakan oleh subject: He, She, It

Has not dapat disingkat menjadi hasn’t.

Have not dapat disingkat menjadi haven’t.
Had not dapat disingkat menjadi hadn’t.
Will not dapat disingkat menjadi won’t.

Nominal :
1. Noun (kata benda) : a student, a teacher, a singer, a dancer, etc.
2. Adjective (kata sifat) : hungry, beautiful, nice, diligent, handsome, lazy, etc.
3. Adverb (kata keterangan) : in the office, in the hospital, in the class, etc.