Bacterial genetics

 Transformation
 transposition
 transduction
 conjugation
learn thier meaning and how differentiate between them
transposition
The bacteria has its DNA in tow parts either
 The bacterial chromosome
is must larger or more compelx
And contains most of the
Bacterial DNA.
 The bacterial plasmid
Is a small part of the bacterial DNA
That has left the chromosome and
is floating inside the bacteria
Transposition refers to the process of extracting
(moving) a small part of the bacterial DNA from
chromosome to become plasmid or reintegrating the
plasmid into the bacterial chromosome. Keep in mind
That if the bacteria wanna share its DNA with
another bacteria it can only share it is plasmid not the
chromosomes. So plasmid is smaller and readitly
accessible.
conjugation
Some bacteria have a sex palace and we call this bacteria f+ and other bacteria
don't have these sex ballots and recall this f- keep in mind that the sex palace is
encoded by the bacterial plasmid not the bacterial chromosome so the F+
bacteria will link with the f- bacteria and from the mating bridge then they
have positive bacteria will make a copy of its plasmid which encodes for the
bacterial sex palace and will transfer this copy to the other bacteria so now both
bacteria have a plasmid which encodes for a sex palace and both are called f+ this
is the process of conjugation
 transformation
transformation which is also known as competence is
the ability of the bacteria to take naked genomes or
naked DNA from the environment and use this DNA so
for example if we have some medium with some
bacteria in it and we put some raw naked DNA which
encodes for antibiotic resistance into this medium as
well this bacteria will be able to take this DNA from the
environment and use it and it will become antibiotic
resistance however if we add a DNA lysing agent into the
environment it will degrade the DNA and the bacteria
will not be able to use it we see this exclusively in
streptococcus pneumoniae H influenza and Nigeria so
remember transformation for fresh DNA
transduction
refers to the process where a bacteriophage which is a bacterial
virus carrying its own DNA will inject this DNA into the bacterial
this viral DNA will be integrated into the bacterial DNA and will
start replicating the virus if this results on a bacterial death we call
this a lytic page and if it didn't we call this a lysogenic phage if the
bacteriophage did not kill the bacteria aka a lysogenic phage it will
give the bacteria some superpowers so the bacteria now can
produce exotoxins