DISINHERITANCE IN SUCCESSION
that is true or not? Yong mga heir na
Take note! You must not confuse disinheritance
with incapacity. How do they differentiate?
Disinheritance is the deprivation of the
compulsory heir to his legitime, incapacity
maybe against compulsory heir or voluntary
heir while disinheritance is only against
compulsory heir. Incapacity may apply both in
testamentary and in intestate succession, for
example in testamentary – incapacity may apply
when the witness in a will is also a recipient of a
legacy or a devise in the will, in such a case the
witness is incapacitated. Example in intestate
succession, incapacity is related to
untrustworthiness of the heir, and this pertains
to the legal heirs, it may be compulsory or
secondary heirs in the absence of compulsory
heirs secondary heirs may succeed.
Rules in DISINHERITANCE
1st, it may only apply against compulsory heirs.
2nd, the testator may only disinherit a
compulsory heir through a will. – kailangan
nakalagay don sa kaniyang last will and
testament. Yon bang hindi niya paglagay ng
pangalan ng hindi niya bibigyan na compulsory
heir ng mana don sa kaniyang will ay will be
considered as a disinheritance? Answer: it will
not be, because that is a case of preparation.
- the testator cannot just omit the name,
kailangan pangalanan niya, ilagay niya yong
pangalan ng taong ididisinherit niya sa kaniyang
will and testatment.
Circumstances in DISINHERITANCE
1. When the disinheritance is without the
specification of the cause.
-kailangan kasi yong testator ilagay niya
yong cause, for example my son A I hereby
disinherit, yon lang ang inilagay niya ay may
legal effect yan.
2. The stated cause was not proven.
- kailangan kasi don sa probate of the will.
Sino yong magproprove don sa cause, if
nabigyan. Edi syempre yong disinherited
heir iooppose niya yon. Now in the hearing
on the issue of the disinheritance, whether
it is valid or not, yong mga heir in the will
failed to prove the truthfulness of the cause
of the disinheritance.
3. The cause of the disinheritance as written in
the will is not one among those provided for
by law.
Anong legal effect niya? If you read the law, it
will annul the institution of the heir in so far as
the legitime of the disinherited heir is concern.
-it will annul the institution in so far as the
value or the amount of the inheritance is
concern.
-the disinherited heir will still receive his or her
legitime.
-yong disinherited heir will be still entitled to his
legitime.
Take note! Na yong disinherited heir as we said
a while ago is a compulsory heir. And a
compulsory heir as the law said, is entitled to a
legitime.
Eh paano mo maibibigay yong legitime niya eh
wala ng natira don sa property ng testator?
Parang preparation, lahat nong instituted heir
will contribute pro rata, proportionately, in
order to provide for the legitime of the
disinherited heir, including legatees and
devisees.
Legal Causes of DISINHERITANCE
So, the compulsory heirs that can be
disinherited are the children and descendants,
parents and ascendants and the surviving
spouse.
1. To disinherit a child or a descendant
a. Guilty of an attempt against the life of the
testator or his spouse, descendant, or
ascendant.
 -take note, guilty must be in a decision
made by the Supreme Court, final
judgement.
b. Has accused the testator of a crime
penalized of imprisonment of 6 years or
more which was proven groundless.
- kalian niya sinasabi na hindi proven yong
accusation, pagsinabi ng korte acquitted.
Ibig sabihin found groundless, meron
siyang final judgement.
c. Convicted of the crime of adultery or
concubinage with the spouse of the
testator.
d. The child or the descendant causes the
testator to make a will by fraud, violence,
intimidation, undue influence or yong
testator meron na siyang will and
testament na nasulat, the child or the
descendant causes the testator to change
the will also by fraud, violence,
intimidation, or undue influence.
e. Refusal without just cause to support the
testator.
f. Maltreatment of the testator by words or
deed.
-yong maltreatment hindi lang yong
sinasaktan physically, pwedeng by words.
g. The child or the descendant lives in a
dishonorable or a disgraceful life.
-example drug addict
h. Conviction of a crime that carries the
penalty of civil interdiction.
-yong civil interdiction is a bar of the
person convicted to manage his property.
Mababale wala rin yon eh, kahit ibibigay
mo yong mana niya hindi rin niya
mamanage, mapupunta sa ibang tao yng
management ng kaniyang property pagka
siya ay convicted of the penalty of civil
interdiction.
2. To disinherit the parents or ascendants.
a. Abandonment of their children.
- for example, hindi nagbibigay ng support
sa bata at iniwan. Total abandonment.
- Induce the daughter to live an immoral
life.
- Attempt against the daughter’s virtue.
b. Guilty of attempt against the life of the
testator.
c. Accused the testator of a crime that
carries with it a penalty of imprisonment
of 6 years or more and found groundless.
d. Convicted of the crime of adultery or
concubinage with the spouse of the
testator.
e. Causes the testator to make a will or to
change the one already made by fraud,
violence, intimidation, or undue influence.
f. Loss of parental authority.
g. Refusal to support the children without
justifiable cause.
h. Attempt by one parent against the life of
the other parent. Unless there was a
reconciliation between the spouses.
- walang conviction walang final
judgement. Basta may attempt. It doesn’t
even require that a case must be file.
3. To disinherit the spouse
a. Convicted of an attempt against the life of
the testator, his descendants and
ascendants.
b. Accused the testator of a crime that
carries with it a penalty of imprisonment
of 6 years or more that was found
groundless.
c. Causes the testator to make a will or to
change the one already made by fraud,
violence, intimidation, or undue influence.
d. The spouse disinherited has given ground
for legal separation.
e. Has given ground for loss of parental
authority.
-hindi pa deprived of parental authority
 f. Unjustified refusal to support the children
or the other spouse.
- The subsequent reconciliation
deprives the offended spouse to
disinherit the other spouse.
Pagnagkareconcile na sila tapos hindi
pa niya nagagawa yong kaniyang last
will and testatment, hindi na niya
pwedeng idisinherit yong kaniyang
asawa. Eh nagawa na niya yong
kaniyang lastwill and testament, at
doon nailagay na niya na yong
kaniyang spouse ay disinherited, what
is the legal effect of the reconciliation?
The reconciliation will render
ineffectual the disinheritance.
What will happen if the disinherited heir has
children or descendants?
-For example, yong child na disinherited, meron
siyang mga anak. Meron siyang mga apo. What
will happen? Representation will apply. Ibig
sabihin yong legitime ng disinherited heir ay
kukunin nong kaniyang mga anak. The children
of the disinherited heir will represent the
disinherited heir in the succession. Ibig sabihin
parang preparated siya pero ang kukuha ng
kaniyang legitime hindi siya pero yong kaniyang
mga representative. That’s the effect of a valid
disinheritance when the disinherited heirs
have children/descendants. Meron siyang right
of representation.
Eh papaano pag wala siyang anak? – the
provision of the will will be respected with
respect to the institution of the heirs and the
disinheritance.
g.
Legatees – yong property na binigay sa
voluntary heir ay personal property
Devisees – yong property na binigay sa
voluntary heir ay real property
Take note! The acquisition of the title is at the
moment of death of the testator not in any
other time.
Take note! There is an obligation on the part of
the legal heir, voluntary heir, administrator, or
executor to deliver to the legatee or devisee the
property/ies they inherited from the testator
from the moment the latter dies.
In case of loss, deterioration or improvement of
the thing to be delivered, who bears the loss?
The general rule is that the owner bears the
loss. So, pagnawala yon or nagdeteriorate yon?
Kaninong loss? The legatee or the devisee
unless the person obligated to deliver is in delay
or negligent.
What about improvement? The improvement
will accrue in favor of the owner. Kaya yong
mga renta ng bahay, yong income, yong interest
ng pera na nakadeposit, anak ng mga animals
from the moment of death of the testator. Ay
kanino ang pagmamay ari non? Don sa legatee
yon.
Yong mga nakautang, yong legatee yong naka
utang presumed yon na remission of the debt.
Pagka ang binigyan ay creditor, ibig bang
sabihin ay pambayad don sa utang niya? Yes,
that is the presumption. Unless sasabihin ng
testator in addition to my indebtedness, I
hereby bequeath and so so, this amount.
The legatee or devisee will only be up to the
extent of the interest of the testator on the
property. Halimbawa nagbigay siya ng lot, real
estate. Eh yong lot kaniyang naisanla sa
kaniyang creditor? Eh ano yong naibigay niya
sa kaniyang devisee, eh yong lot nakasanla.
Answer: Yon lang kaniyang interest niya doon.
Ano ba yong interest niya doon? Siya yong may
ari noon pero nakasanla, kaya yong devisee
kailangan siya magbayad doon sa mortgage.
May provision naman sa will na pangbayad niya
ng utang sa creditor eh wala naman pala siyang
utang doon. That provision in the will will be
deemed as not written.
Yong property na naibigay niya ay hindi sa
kaniya. That will not also be effective.
to reduction. Meron tayong listing in the law
na sino ba mauunang magbayad? Kung hindi
sufficient yong estate. Answer: Article 93.

Kung hindi sa kaniya yon, pero sinabi niya

bibilhin niya yon sa tao out of the estate of the
testator don sa taong magdedeliver ng property
niya, like administrator or yong executor.
Bibilhin niya yon, yong legatee or devisee ay
effective. Eh paano pag ayaw ibenta nong may
ari? O gusto niyang ibenta masyado namang
mahal? Answer: The legatee or devisee will be
given effect by giving the value of the
property.

Paano yong ibibigay na personal property na

ibibigay ng testator ay wala palang ganon na
personal property sa estate ng testator? Will
the legatee be given effect? Answer: Yes. Ang
ibig sabihin ng testator ay bibili sila para ibigay
don sa legatee ng ganong property.

But the rule is different when it comes to

devisee. Example, magbibigay yong testator ng
house and lot located at Tuguegarao. Eh wala
naman siyang house and lot dito sa Tuguegarao
ang meron siya ay lot. Will the devisee be given
effect? Answer: No. Kasi wala siyang property
na ganon.

Paano pag may alternative, for example either A

property or B property. Who has the right to
choose kung ano ang ibibigay? Car A or Car B?
Sinong mamimili? Pagka alternative legatee or
alternative devisee? Sino ang mamimili? Who
has the right to choose? Answer: The law says
yong tao na naatasang magdeliver, he has the
right to choose. Halimbawa yong executor or
administrator.

Meron yong instances na may reduction,

halimbawa yong invalid preparation. Diba, hindi
naibigay yong kaniyang legitime,
magcocontribute lahat yong mga instituted heir
and all the legatees and devisees kaya subject