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Article 918. Disinheritance without a specification of the cause, or for a cause the truth of
which, if contradicted, is not proved, or which is not one of those set forth in this Code, shall
annul the institution of heirs insofar as it may prejudice the person disinherited; but the devises
and legacies and other testamentary dispositions shall be valid to such extent as will not impair
the legitime. (851a)
Article 919. The following shall be sufficient causes for the disinheritance of children and
descendants, legitimate as well as illegitimate:
(1) When a child or descendant has been found guilty of an attempt against the life of the
testator, his or her spouse, descendants, or ascendants;
(2) When a child or descendant has accused the testator of a crime for which the law
prescribes imprisonment for six years or more, if the accusation has been found
groundless;
(3) When a child or descendant has been convicted of adultery or concubinage with the
spouse of the testator;
(4) When a child or descendant by fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence causes
the testator to make a will or to change one already made;
(5) A refusal without justifiable cause to support the parent or ascendant who disinherits
such child or descendant;
(6) Maltreatment of the testator by word or deed, by the child or descendant;
(7) When a child or descendant leads a dishonorable or disgraceful life;
(8) Conviction of a crime which carries with it the penalty of civil interdiction. (756, 853,
674a)
Article 920. The following shall be sufficient causes for the disinheritance of parents or
ascendants, whether legitimate or illegitimate:
(1) When the parents have abandoned their children or induced their daughters to live a
corrupt or immoral life, or attempted against their virtue;
(2) When the parent or ascendant has been convicted of an attempt against the life of the
testator, his or her spouse, descendants, or ascendants;
(3) When the parent or ascendant has accused the testator of a crime for which the law
prescribes imprisonment for six years or more, if the accusation has been found to be
false;
(4) When the parent or ascendant has been convicted of adultery or concubinage with the
spouse of the testator;
(5) When the parent or ascendant by fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence
causes the testator to make a will or to change one already made;
(6) The loss of parental authority for causes specified in this Code;
(7) The refusal to support the children or descendants without justifiable cause;
(8) An attempt by one of the parents against the life of the other, unless there has been a
reconciliation between them. (756, 854, 674a)
Article 921. The following shall be sufficient causes for disinheriting a spouse:
(1) When the spouse has been convicted of an attempt against the life of the testator, his or
her descendants, or ascendants;
(2) When the spouse has accused the testator of a crime for which the law prescribes
imprisonment of six years or more, and the accusation has been found to be false;
(3) When the spouse by fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence cause the testator
to make a will or to change one already made;
(4) When the spouse has given cause for legal separation;
(5) When the spouse has given grounds for the loss of parental authority;
(6) Unjustifiable refusal to support the children or the other spouse. (756, 855, 674a)
READING ASSIGNMENT
1. Disinheritance
Disinheritance is the process or act, thru a testamentary disposition of depriving in a will any
compulsory heir of his legitime for true and lawful causes
2. Requisites
Burden of Proof
If the disinherited heir deny the disinheritance, the burden of proof shall rest upon the
other heirs.
3. Effect
Disinheritance excludes the heir not only from the legitime but also from the free
portion.
Only Compulsory heirs can be disinherited
No disinheritance in legal succession since disinheritance requires a valid will to be
effectual.
To follow
Effect:
Preterition disinheritance
Intention Can be intentional or Must be intentional
unintentional
Cause Can be without cause Must always have a cause
stated in the will
Inheritance Whole institution of heirs is Disinherited heir inherits
annulled nothing
Will May exist with or without a Will is always required
will
validity Institution is always void May be valid
(1) When a child or descendant has been found guilty of an attempt against the life of the
testator, his or her spouse, descendants, or ascendants;
(2) When a child or descendant has accused the testator of a crime for which the law
prescribes imprisonment for six years or more, if the accusation has been found groundless;
Elements
there must be a final judgment convicting the child of adultery or concubinage with the
parent’s spouse
guilty parent cannot disinherit the child, only the innocent spouse can.
a new or subsequent will is necessary to disinherit the child based on the vitiation of
consent.
(5) A refusal without justifiable cause to support the parent or ascendant who disinherits
such child or descendant;
Dishonorable/disgraceful life:
o Brings dishonor or disgrace to the family
o Must consist of multiple acts done in continuity (consistency)
Final judgement is not necessary
(8) Conviction of a crime which carries with it the penalty of civil interdiction. (756, 853,
674a)
The children and descendants of the person disinherited shall take his or her place and shall
preserve the rights of compulsory heirs with respect to the legitime; but the disinherited
parent shall not have the usufruct or administration of the property which constitutes the
legitime.
The children and descendants are allowed to inherit by representation, the legitime of
the disinherited heir because the fault of the heir is not the fault of the representative
— and it would be unjust to punish them.
Thus, neither a disinherited spouse nor a disinherited parent may be represented.
sd
8. Ascendants
(1) When the parents have abandoned their children or induced their daughters to live a
corrupt or immoral life, or attempted against their virtue;
(2) When the parent or ascendant has been convicted of an attempt against the life of the
testator, his or her spouse, descendants, or ascendants;
(3) When the parent or ascendant has accused the testator of a crime for which the law
prescribes imprisonment for six years or more, if the accusation has been found to be false;
(4) When the parent or ascendant has been convicted of adultery or concubinage with the
spouse of the testator;
(5) When the parent or ascendant by fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence
causes the testator to make a will or to change one already made;
(6) The loss of parental authority for causes specified in this Code;
Death of parents
Emancipation of child
Adoption of child
Appointment of general guardian
Judicial declaration of abandonment
Judgement divesting the parental authority
Absence or incapacity of person exercising parental authority
Mother contracts a subsequent marriage unless allowed by the deceased spouse
(7) The refusal to support the children or descendants without justifiable cause;
(8) An attempt by one of the parents against the life of the other, unless there has been a
reconciliation between them. (756, 854, 674a)
9. Spouse
(1) When the spouse has been convicted of an attempt against the life of the testator, his or
her descendants, or ascendants;
(2) When the spouse has accused the testator of a crime for which the law prescribes
imprisonment of six years or more, and the accusation has been found to be false;
(3) When the spouse by fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence cause the testator
to make a will or to change one already made;
(4) When the spouse has given cause for legal separation;
(5) When the spouse has given grounds for the loss of parental authority;
(6) Unjustifiable refusal to support the children or the other spouse. (756, 855, 674a)
No reconciliation:
12. Concept
15. Eviction
21. credit