FOUR DIFFERENT LEARNER TYPES AS BASIS FOR PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN A

LANGUAGE CLASS

 Concrete Learners. They prefer learning by games. They are more on gadgets.
 Analytical Learners. Like studying grammar , like studying alone.
 Communicative Learners. Observing and listening to native speakers , Learning by conversations
in english.
 Authority-oriented learner. Students like teacher to explain everything. Studying grammar and
learning english words by seeing them.

CONTENT-BASED INSTRUCTION , FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

1.Content Based Learning - integrated approach to language instruction and designed to help
students achieve language proficiency beyond development of social language skills and the
knowledge of the forms of language.
2. Schema ( Background Knowledge ) - Before you teach a new lesson make sure to check if they have
schema.
3. Content-obligatory - Content of the materials
Content Compatible Language- Meanings and terms ( Semantic ) * Both still be a language because
they ask question in english.
4. To deepen their understanding make an collaborative activity.
5 Types of Text
Extend Discourse - Textbooks and Novels
Dialogues - Conversation that find in drama
7. Its not all about speaking in class , there is some multimedia devices that could be used in class.
FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
Language is ‘defined’ for the child by its uses; it is something that serves a set of needs.
1. For Aesthetic satisfaction - Using Language by Communication , Expression , Thoughts,
Sensory Pleasure.
2. Linguistic functions - Instrumental - Fulfilling Needs ( wants )
- Regulatory - Controlling ( Don’t )
-Interactional - Relating to other’s ( I love you )
-Personal - Defining self ( This is me )
- Heuristic - Finding out ( What’s that )
- Imaginative - Making believe ( Let’s Pretend )
-Representational - Communicating about content ( This is how it is )

 William James - American Philo , Historian

- Most Influential philo in USA , Father of American Psychology
-One of the earliest psych to study the self and conceptualized two aspects
I - Thinking , acting & feeling self
Me - Separate individual ( refers to when talking about personal experiences )
 Carl Rogers - American Psych , Founding fathers of psychotherapy research.
- Theory ( Self &Self concept ) defined as the organized , consistent set of perceptions and beliefs of
one’s self.
-Self is humanistic term for who we really are as a person.
I - One who acts and decides
Me- What u think and feel about yourself as an object
Identity - Composed of personal characteristics , social roles and responsibilities.
Self Concept - Comes to your mind when you are asked about who you are.
REASONS WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE SOCIAL PRODUCTS
 We do not create our self for nothing , Society helped in creating the foundation of who we
really are.
 We actually need others to affirm and we need them as reference points about our identity.
 What is important to us may also have been influenced by what is important in our society.
Social Interaction and Group Affiliation - are factors in creating our self concept
Self awareness- Can keep us from doing something dangerous.
Social Comparison Theory- We learn ourselves the appropriateness of our behaviors by comparing
aspects of ourselves with other people.
Social Comparison also entails self evaluation maintenance theory that states we can feel
threatened when someone out perform us.
Narcissism - Self admiration , Overly high self esteem and self centeredness.
Self
2 types of self
Private Self - Internal standards and private thoughts and feelings.
Public Self- Good presentation of urself to others.
FACTORS INFLUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
Maturation- Development traits that present for each individual.
 Nutrition - Its about how to take care of the baby in her mama’s womb, what she’s eating
during her pregnancy.
PSYCHIOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Physical Health - We need to be healthy so that once we study , we have an energy to start up.
 Fatigue - Feeling of tiredness
 Time or learning - Morning and evening is the best time to study
 Food and drink ( Nutrition - Its about how to take care of the baby in her mama’s womb, what
she’s eating during her pregnancy.)
 Atmospheric Condition - Environment can affect the concentration of the learning.
 Age - Its associated with suitable activities.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 Mental Health - Difficult to concentrate
 Motivation and Interest - Learning should be motivated.
 Success , Praise and Pride - Atleast try to praise students because
 Time of Learning -
 Rewards and Punishment - Give children rewards if they have succeed , this way the child will be
motivated.
METHODOLOGY OF INSTRUCTION
 Presentation and organization of material - It makes the teaching effective and more enjoyable.
 Special Methods of Learning - It gives better result
 Timely Testing - Through test , the learner knows his exact achievement.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- Mental processes which students have to follow.
 Called as lower criticism
 Genuineness of the document
 Form and appearance and more particularly to question of authorship and textual circumstances
such as time , place and purpose.
HOW DO WE DO ;
 Who was the author , not merely what was his name but what were his (
personality , Character , Position )
 What were his general qualification as a reporter
- Is it qualified to be an reporter in that article
- Check educational background , Work experiences , Awards
 What were his special qualifications and disqualifications as a reporter of the matter here
treated ?
A. How was he interested in the event related ? ( pano siya naging interesado )
B. How was he situated for observations of the facts ? ( Circumstances during that event na sinusulat
niya yung article )
C. Had he the necessary general and technical knowledge for learning and reporting the events
- Yes / no , why ( Evidences + support )
 How soon after the events was the document written? ( Gano katagal niya sinulat yung article ,
Ilang after niya na naipublished yung article )
 How was the document written ? ( Manage of ideas )
 How is the document related to other document ?
A. Is it original source , whole or part of the original article ( yes / no , why )
Ex. Paragraph no.1 is original source while …
INTERNAL CRITISM
- Mental processes which students have to follow.
 Called higher criticism
 Meaning and trustworthiness of the contents of the document
 Value and worth of its content , its literal meaning and the realiability of statements themselves.
HOW DO WE DO ;
 Who was the author ( same with external )
 Is there have connection between him and the document?
 Is the subject one with he could be expected to have some degree of familiarity ? ( is he familiar
with his article , No / yes , why? )
 Could he have been in the place indicated at the time indicated ? ( Andon ba talaga siya lugar
kung saan naganap yung event ? )
 Was the information give ( Cite the author of the article kung saan niya nicopy yung ideas )
 Are the statements made in the document consistent ? ( if the presentation of ideas is maayos
ba , kung focus lang ba is don sa topic )
EXERCISE
 Sit and reach - It is a test to measure your flexibility , specifically measures the flexibility of lower
back.
Equipment : Ruler , tape measure
 Zipper Test - Measures how mobile and flexible your upper arms and shoulder joints are.
Equipment: Ruler
 Body Composition - Describes your weight more and accurately and provides a better glimpse
into your overall health.
 BMI - person’s weight in kl. divided by square of height in meters.
- High BMI - High body fatness
BMI important - Chances of having a long and healthier life and improved if you have healthy BMI
 Hexagon Agility Test - It involves quickly jumping in and out of a hexagon shape.
- To test the ability to move quickly while maintaining balance.
Equipment: Tape measure , chalk , ground , stop watch , marking sheets.
 Stork Balance Test - Requires the person to stand one leg for as long as possible.
- To asses whole body balance ability.
Equipment :Flat non slip surface , stopwatch , paper and pencil
 40 meter Sprint - This test is to determine acceleration and speed.
Equipment : Measuring tape , Stopwatch , Cone markers
 Standing long jump ( standing broad jump ) - To measure the explosive power of the legs.
Equipment :Measuring Tape , Non slip floor , Commercial Long Jump Mats
 Paper Juggling - Throwing of object through air
-To measure coordination of individual in performance.
Equipment: Crumpled paper
 Stick drop test - To measure reaction time , hand eye quickness , attentiveness
Equipment : Meter ruler , assistant
GLOBALIZATION
Is a process of interaction and integration among the people and governments of different nations.
Also , a growing connection of the world’s economy where in they do free trades.

Approaches of Globalization

Internationalism - For me its like a political rules that promotes political and economic collaboration
with nation.
Hyperglobalists - The hyperglobalist approach is a position in globalisation concept that claims the
world has entered a "truly global age," legalizing "global capitalism's" rule.
Tranformationalist - For me its like they argue that globalization should be understood as a complex
set.

Main division of Globalization

 Economic - Economic globalization refers to the developing connection of world economies as a

result of growing business from different countries that trade  goods and services.
 Political - This division of globalization its like a process of increasing and enlarge the connection
of politics around the world. For example the Asean summit where in presidents from different
countries meet to talked about politics as well as the economy.
 Cultural - The fast movement of culture in the world is known to as this division of globalization.
For example the food , we all know that some cultures has restriction but because of fast food
chains like mc donalds due to this some reduce the food tradition.
 Ecological - It measure the effect of global union on ecological issue. For example on our
country
Ideologies of Globalization

 Liberalism -its a willingness to respect and accept ones opinion .

 Cosmopolitanism - Belief that all people are equal , eventhough we have different citizenship.
 Communitarianism - It talks about the connection of people and community.
 Statism - Its like a belief where in political authority are legal in some point.

APPROACHES TO GLOBALIZATION

• ETHNOCENTRIC GLOBALIZATION - this study examines the relationship between globalization and
individuals' cultural attitudes.
• POLYCENTRIC GLOBALIZATION -The Polycentric Approach is the international recruitment method
wherein the HR recruits the personnel for the international businesses.
•REGIONCENTIC GLOBALIZATION -The Regiocentric Approach. the managers are selected from
within the region of the world that closely resembles the host country.
•GEOCENTRIC GLOBALIZATION -The Geocentric Approach is one of the methods of international
recruitment where the Multi National Companies recruit the most suitable employee for the job
irrespective of their Nationality.

MAIN DIMENSION OF GLOBALIZATION

• POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION -Political globalization refers to the growth of the worldwide political
system, both in size and complexity
. • CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION -Cultural globalization, phenomenon by which the experience of
everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, reflects a standardization of
cultural expressions around the world.
• ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION -Ecological globalization refers to global environmental issues
including: - population growth.

Global Economy - Its a connection that established between those influential countries where in they
exchange goods and services in Global market. Basically , it’s a world without border.