El 115 Midterm Module 3

FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED
TEACHING
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KIMBERLY C. DOHINA, LPT
LESSON 4
LET’S ACHIEVE THESE!
❑ explain Freud’s view about child and adolescent
development.
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INTRODUCTION
❑Freud’s views about human development are more than a century old.
❑He can be considered the most well known psychologist because of his
very interesting theory about the unconscious and also about sexual
development.
❑Although, a lot of his views were criticized and some considered them
debunked, (he himself recanted some of his earlier views).
❑Freud’s theory remains to be one of the most influential in psychology.
❑His theory sparked the ideas in the brilliant minds of other theorists and
thus, became the starting point of many other theories, notable of which is
Erikson’s psychological theory.
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FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
EROGENOUS ZONE DESCRIPTION OF THE STAGE FIXATIONS
Oral Stage (birth to 18 Mouth ❖ The child is focused on oral pleasures ❖ As a result, these persons
months) (sucking). may become too
❖ Too much or too little satisfaction can lead dependent on others, easily
to an Oral Fixation or Oral Personality fooled, and lack leadership
which is shown in an increased focus on traits. On the other hand,
oral activities. they may also fight these
❖ This type of personality may be oral tendencies and become
receptive, that is, have a stronger tendency pessimistic and aggressive
to smoke, drink alcohol, overeat, or oral in relating with people.
aggressive, that is, with a tendency to bite
his or her nails, or use curse words or even
gossip.
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ORAL STAGE
❑ “libido” is centered in a baby’s mouth.
❑ known as mouth oriented
❑ sucking, biting, breastfeeding
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DEVELOPMENT
Anal Stage (18 months Anus ❖ The child finds satisfaction in eliminating ❖ In terms of personality,
to 3 years) and retaining feces. fixation during this stage
❖ Through society’s expectations, particularly can result in being anal
the parents, the child needs to work on retentive, an obsession
toilet training. with cleanliness, perfection,
❖ Let us remember that between one year and control; or anal
and a half to three years the child’s favorite expulsive where the person
word might be “No!”. Therefore, a struggle may become messy and
might exist in the toilet training process disorganized.
when the child retains feces when asked to
eliminate, or may choose to defecate when
asked to hold feces for some reason.
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ANAL STAGE
❑“toilet training”
❑the child has to learn to control his/her bodily needs.
❑libido becomes focused on the anus
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DEVELOPMENT
Phallic Stage (ages 3 to Genitals ❖ During the preschool age, children become ❖ A fixation at this stage could
6) interested in what makes boys or girls different. result in sexual deviances
❖ Preschoolers will sometimes be seen fondling
(both overindulging and
their genitals.
❖ Freud studies led him to believe that during this avoidance) and weak or
stage boys develop unconscious sexual desire for confused sexual identity
their mother. according to
❖ Boys then see their father as a rival for her psychoanalysts.
mother’s affection. Boys may fear that their
father will punish them for these feelings; thus,
the castration anxiety. These feelings comprise
what Freud called Oedipus Complex. In Greek
Mythology, Oedipus unintentionally killed his
father and married his mother Jocasta.
❖ Psychoanalysts also believed that girls may also
have a similar experience, developing
unconscious sexual attraction towards their Prepared By:
father. This is what is referred to as the Electra KIMBERLY C. DOHINA, LPT
PHALLIC STAGE
❑ the child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, with sets in motion
to conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear.
*oedipus complex- arises when boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for
his mother.
*electra complex- girl’s desire for his father
- girl experienced penis envy
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DEVELOPMENT
Latency Stage (age 6 ❖ It’s during this stage that sexual urges
to puberty remain repressed.
❖ The children’s focus is the acquisition of
physical and academic skills. Boys usually
relate more with boys and girls with girls
during this stage.
Genital Stage (puberty ❖ Begins at the start of puberty when sexual

onwards) urges are once again awakened.
❖ In the earlier stages, adolescents focus their
sexual urges towards the opposite sex peers,
with the pleasure centered on the genitals.
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LATENCY STAGE
❑development of social and communication skills and
self-confidence.
❑time of exploration
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GENITAL STAGE
❑develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.
❑establish a balance between the various life areas.
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FREUD’S PERSONALITY
The ID.
COMPONENTS
❑Freud says that a child is born with the id.
❑The id plays a vital role in one’s personality because as a baby, it works so that
the baby’s essential needs are met.
❑The id operates on the pleasure principle.
❑It focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs. So whatever
feels good now is what it will pursue with no consideration for the reality,
logicality or practicality of the situation.
❑E.g. “I want to eat right now.”
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COMPONENTS
The EGO.
❑As the baby turns into a toddler and then into a preschooler, he/she relates
more with the environment, the ego slowly begins to emerge.
❑The ego operates using the reality principle/decision-making.
❑It is aware that others also have needs to be met. It is practical because it
knows that being impulsive or selfish can result to negative consequences
later, so it reasons and considers the best response to situations. As such, it is
the deciding agent of the personality. Although it functions to help the id meet
it needs, it always takes into account the reality of the situation.
❑Weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon.
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COMPONENTS
The SUPEREGO.
❑Near the end of the preschool years, or the end of the phallic stage, the
superego develops.
❑The superego embodies a person’s moral aspect. This develops from
what the parents, teachers and other persons who exert influence
impart to be good or moral.
❑The superego is likened to conscience because it exerts influence on
what one considers right or wrong.
❑The conscience of a person.
❑Incorporates the values and morals.
❑E.g. “stealing money is wrong but…”
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According to Freud, a well-adjusted person is one who has
strong ego, who can help satisfy the needs of the id without
going against the superego while maintaining the person’s
sense of what is logical, practical and real.
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TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
❑The Unconscious.
Freud said that the most what we go through in our lives, emotions,
beliefs, and impulses deep within are not available to us at a conscious
level. He believed that the most of what influence us is our unconscious.
❑The Conscious.
Freud also said that all we are aware of is stored in our conscious
mind. Our conscious mind only comprises a very small part of who we are
so that, in our everyday life, we are only aware of a very small part of
what makes up our personality; most of what we are is hidden and out of
reach.
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TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
❑The subconscious.
The last part is the preconscious or subconscious. This is the part of us
that we can reach if prompted, but is not in our active conscious. It’s right
below the surface, but still “hidden” somewhat unless we search for it.
Information such as our telephone number, some childhood memories, or
the name of your best childhood friend is stored in the preconscious.
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GENERALIZATION
1. According to Freud, how are the psychosexual stages of
development involved in personality development?
2. How do the id, ego, and superego interact to influence a person’s
personality?
3. How are thoughts and actions governed by preconscious,
conscious, and unconscious?
4. Why are ego-defense mechanisms necessary?
5. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Freudian theory of
personality development.
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GENERALIZATION
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NOTE:
DON’T PLAGIARIZE THY WORK!
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THANK YOU!
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El 115 Midterm Module 3

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FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED

Genital Stage (puberty ❖ Begins at the start of puberty when sexual

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