CRITICAL JOURNAL REPORT

ARRANGED BY:
NAME : ANNISA RAHAYU
NIM : 4203131045
CLASS : CESP 2020
COURSE : CHEMICAL BONDING
LECTURER : DR. IIS SITI JAHRO, M.Si.

CHEMISTRY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM 2020

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
MEDAN, OCTOBER 2021
2021/2022
 FOREWORD
Assalaamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT for giving me health and the opportunity
to be able to complete this Critical Journal Report task well. My salawat and greetings also
do not forget to give to our lord the great prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from
the dark ages to the brightest ages. I do not forget to also thank to Mrs. Dr. Iis Siti Jahro,
M.Si. as a lecturer in the Chemical Bonding course who has guided me in completing this
CJR assignment. The purpose of this CJR assignment is to complete one of the six types of
KKNI assignments that must be completed by all Medan State University students.

This CJR report contains analysis, reviews, and summaries as well as the strengths
and weaknesses of the first journal entitled "Synthesis and Investigation of Complex
Compounds of Divalent Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Zinc with Tryptophan and their
Biological Activity" by Gahramanova SI, Jalaladdinov FF, Munshieva MK, and friends was
published in 2018. Also the second journal entitled “SYNTHESIS OF METAL-ORGANIC
(COMPLEXES) COMPOUNDS COPPER(II)-IMIDAZOLE FOR ANTIVIRAL HIV
CANDIDATE” by Teguh Hari Sucipto and Fahimah Martak was published in 2016. And the
third journal entitled “Complex Chemistry with Complex Compounds” by Robert Eichler, M.
Asai, H. Brand, and friends was published in 2016. This report also contains the full identity
of each journal.

I have compiled this report and I wrote it as well as possible, but if there is still a lack
of data, facts, and writing systematics, I apologize. I really need constructive criticism and
suggestions to increase my insight and knowledge so that I can develop myself even better.
Hopefully this report is useful and can add insight to anyone who needs information about
Chemical Bonding course especially about Complex Compounds. That's what I can say, more
or less I apologize.

Wassalaamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Medan, 29 October 2021

Annisa Rahayu
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD................................................................................................................................................... I

TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................... II

CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY............................................................................................................................. 1

A. IDENTITY OF FIRST JOURNAL.........................................................................................................................1

B. IDENTITY OF SECOND JOURNAL....................................................................................................................1
C. IDENTITY OF THIRD JOURNAL........................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF JOURNAL CONTENTS.......................................................................................3

A. DESCRIPTION OF FIRST JOURNAL..................................................................................................................3

B. DESCRIPTION OF SECOND JOURNAL.............................................................................................................4
C. DESCRIPTION OF THIRD JOURNAL.................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER III: STRENGHT OF EACH JOURNAL................................................................................................... 8

A. FIRST JOURNAL.............................................................................................................................................8
B. SECOND JOURNAL.........................................................................................................................................8
C. THIRD JOURNAL............................................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER IV: WEAKNESS OF EACH JOURNAL................................................................................................10

A. FIRST JOURNAL...........................................................................................................................................10
B. SECOND JOURNAL.......................................................................................................................................10
C. THIRD JOURNAL..........................................................................................................................................11

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................... 12

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................... 13
 CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY
A. IDENTITY OF FIRST JOURNAL
1. Journal Title : Synthesis and Investigation of Complex Compounds
of Divalent Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Zinc with Tryptophan and their
Biological Activity

2. Journal Name : International Journal of Chemical Sciences

3. Published Edition : Vol. 16 Iss 3

4. Author : Gahramanova SI, Jalaladdinov FF, Munshieva MK,

Khudaverdiev RA, Hamidov RH, Muradkhanov RM, Abdullaev AS, Shamilov EN,
Azizov IV and Gahramanov TO

5. Publisher : Trade Science Inc

6. City of publication : Azerbaijan

7. Year of Publication : 2018

8. Sum of Pages : 8 pages

9. ISSN/DOI Number : 10.21767/0972-768X.1000286

B. IDENTITY OF SECOND JOURNAL

1. Journal Title : SYNTHESIS OF METAL-ORGANIC
(COMPLEXES) COMPOUNDS COPPER(II)-IMIDAZOLE FOR ANTIVIRAL HIV
CANDIDATE

2. Journal Name : Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

3. Published Edition : Vol. 6 No. 1

4. Author : Teguh Hari Sucipto and Fahimah Martak

5. Publisher : Institute of Tropical Disease

6. City of publication : Surabaya

7. Year of Publication : 2016

8. Sum of Pages : 7 pages

9. ISSN/DOI Number : 10.1002/9780471740360.ebs0869

1
C. IDENTITY OF THIRD JOURNAL
1. Journal Title : Complex chemistry with complex compounds

2. Journal Name : Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy

Elements

3. Published Edition :-

4. Author : Robert Eichler, M. Asai, H. Brand, N.M. Chiera, A. Di

Nitt, R. Dressler, Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Even, F. Fangli, M. Goetz, H. Haba, W.
Hartmann, E. Jäger, D. Kaji, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler4, Y.
Komori, B. Kraus, J.V. Kratz, J. Krier, Y. Kudou, N. Kurz, S. Miyashita, K.
Morimoto, K. Morita, M. Murakami, Y. Nagame, K. Ooe, D. Piguet, N. Sato, T.K.
Sato, J. Steiner, P. Steinegger, T. Sumita, M. Takeyama, K. Tanaka, T. Tomitsuka, A.
Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, A. Türler, I. Usoltsev, Y. Wakabayashi, Y. Wang, N. Wiehl,
Y. Wittwer, A. Yakushev, S. Yamaki, S. Yano, S. Yamaki, and Z. Qin

5. Publisher : EPJ Web of Conferences

6. City of publication : Germany

7. Year of Publication : 2016

8. Sum of Pages : 8 pages

9. ISSN/DOI Number : 10.1051/epjconf/201613107005

2
 CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF JOURNAL
CONTENTS
A. DESCRIPTION OF FIRST JOURNAL
1. Introduction

The chemistry of complex compounds of transition metals with multidentate

ligands, which simultaneously contain several donor atoms, is not only theoretical but also of
practical interest, since in addition to the unusual properties of such complexes, the structure
and types of binding of multidentate ligands with different metals give a new impetus to the
development coordination chemistry as a whole. This is due to the fact that they play an
important role in many biochemical processes and therefore are widely used in plant
growing, animal husbandry, and pharmacology. On the other hand, complex compounds of
many transition elements can possess a wide range of useful properties, for which the
chemistry of complex compounds has not yet been sufficiently studied.

2. Physical Measurement

The composition and chemical structure of the synthesis products obtained are studied
by physical-chemical analysis. methods: elemental analysis (İCP-MS); X-ray phase analysis
(diffractometer (Germany) D-2 Phaser firm Bruker); IR spectroscopy ("Specord M-80" brand
Carl Zeiss). The spectra of the reaction solutions in the IR and UV regions were
recorded on the Nicolet IS10 spectrometer and the Evolution 60S spectrophotometer,
manufactured by Thermo Scientific Spectronic (USA). Differential thermogravimetric
analysis was performed on (NETZSCH STA 449F3 STA449FSA-0622-
M).

3. Experimental

 Synthesis-[CuCl2L2]

 Synthesis-[ZnL2(H2O)2]

 Synthesis-[MnCl2L2]2H2O

 Synthesis-[CoCl2L2]2H2O

4. Result

IR Spectrocopy

When the IR spectra of the free ligand are aligned with the spectra of the complexes
obtained, an obvious change is observed. The stretching vibrations do not emerge in the
ligand spectra, but they appear in the complexes spectra at values between 3383 to 3449 cm-
1, suggesting the presence of the crystallization water within these complexes.

3
Differential scanning calorimetry

With the definition of the thermic stability and the composition of synthesized
complexes the thermographic analysis was made. Thermocouples were used to determine the
composition and durability of the synthesized complex compound and it was established that
the complex is resistant to a temperature 298°C .

UV-VIS spectroscopy

The UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis of 0.01 M of [CuCl2L2] 2H2O complex is water

was made. It is clear from the specimen
that the d-d passage is 590-620 nm wavelength.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum

To determine the composition and thermal stability of the complexes under study, we
performed elemental analysis, IR, UV-VIS and EPR spectral and thermogravimetric
analysis. The results of the investigations showed that in all cases the final product of the
thermal decomposition of the complexes is metal oxide. Thus, according to the results of the
physicochemical methods used in the work, it is established that the composition and
structure of the obtained complexes directly depends on the ratio of the initial products.

Biological activity of complexes

The seeds treated with a complex of zinc with cysteine have high germination energy
and germination. The stimulating effect of low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution on
germination, germination energy, and seedling growth was noted in the works of a number of
authors . In these studies, it was noted that low concentrations of zinc sulphate exert a
positive influence on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, while the introduction of zinc
with phosphorus exhibits the opposite effect.

B. DESCRIPTION OF SECOND JOURNAL

1. Introduction

Complex compounds are compounds in which there is an atom that acts as the central
atom and trotter group of molecules that can be either neutral or charged ions. This trotter
group called ligands. Complex compounds formed are influenced by the nature of the ligand,
which includes the alkalinity, bond, and chelate effects. Imidazoles have high anti-HIV
inhibitory activity2, some derivates of imidazole reported drugs. Imidazole a ring substituted
and pirimidine ring for potent inhibitory activity against RT. Copper is a bio-essential
element and copper complexes have been extensively utilized in metal mediated DNA
cleavage for the generation of activated oxygen species. It has been reported that tetraaza
macrocyclic copper coordination compounds have anti-HIV activities. This papers reviews

4
about imidazole potency and copper for anti-HIV. So, in this study can explore drug from the
mixture compound, metal-organic compound, especially Cu-imidazole complexes.

2. Imidazole Compound and Derivates

This compounds showed minimal cytotoxicity and suitable for antiviral

development. Compounds showed significant cytotoxicity in cell-based assays even though
they were very effective in HIV-1 integrase-based assays. Anti-HIV of 5-phenyl-1-
phenylamino-imidazole have been cytotoxicity data in QSAR study. In the QSAR
study, imidazole derivate presence of hydrogen bond donor groups appears to be an important
feature for reducing the cytotoxicity. Molecular size can also important for determining the
cytotoxicity.

3. Copper For Antiviral HIV Activity

Copper is a bio-essential element and copper complexes have been extensively

utilized in metal-mediated DNA cleavage for the generation of activated oxygen species. It
has been reported that teraaza macrocyclic copper coordination compounds have anti-HIV
activities. At 2010, copper containing bis-macrocyclic 2+ has improved anti-HIV potency in
vitro . Copper complexes were substrated competitive inhibitors for HIV-1 protease. For
example, copper nitrate dihydrate binds with an inhibiton constant of 480 μM.

4. Complex compounds copper(II) with monodentate ligand 1 imidazoles

Ying et al., Synthesis complex compounds of Cu as the central atom with ligands that
have a monodentate imidazole strutur octahedral geometry. C3N2H4 is an imidazole and HL
is adipic acid. In the structure of the complex compounds occur hydrogen bonds between the
NH---O into a compound supermolecule due to polymerization. I n t h e y e a r 2 0 1 1 h a s b
e e n s y n t h e s i z e d .4H2O with HIBA is 4- benzoate -acid by Liu. In 2013 have
synthesized a complex compound used for heterogeneous catalysts. This is a complex
compound n, synthesized in methanol and ambient temperature. The catalytic properties of
complex compounds is very good because it has the results is high and the higher the stability
of the compound. Complex compounds has a central atom Cu as a coordination
center, acetylacetone benzoilhidrazona tridentat ligand and monodentate ligands imidazole.
14 Monomer crystal structure of Cu22 will react intermolecular hydrogen bond with water
molecules. This complex compound used as a ligand clorate ligands bridge connecting Cu-Cu
so that a Cu-Cl-Cu. Furthermore, with the intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed a polymer
complex. The complex compounds will undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonds form a
continuous crystal.

5. Complex compounds copper (II) with a bidentate ligand 1 imidazoles

Baretta et al., 2000 managed to synthesize two complex compounds with imidazole
as a ligand tridentate namely, [Cu(biap)Br2] and [Cu(biap)(NO2)2]. Complex compounds
[Cu(biap)Br2] has the shape of trigonal geometry bipiramidal with Br2 in apical position and
nitrogen of ligands and anions bromide in equarorial. Hydrogen bonding occurs in bromine
and imdazol-NH atom in the molecule itself. Complex compounds [Cu(biap)(NO2)2]

5
asymetric shape. Can be seen in the image below ions Cu(II) in a position square pyramidal
with two imidazole and 1 amine, nitroten together with the oxygen on the nitrite on the state
of equatorial and equal.

C. DESCRIPTION OF THIRD JOURNAL

1. Introduction

About two thirds of the transactinide elements known today with 104<Z<111 are
expected to be typical members of the so-called transition metal series. These elements are
known as typical metals and reveal an exceptionally low volatility in the elemental state – the
lowest known amongst all elements of the periodic table. Hence, their gas-phase chemical
investigation relies on the formation of volatile compounds. So far, only very stable and
simple inorganic compounds like oxides, oxohydroxides, halides or oxohalides of the
transactinides Rf-Hs have been investigated proving their typical transition metal behaviour.
Pioneering experiments performed at the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator at the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , USA between 2003 and 2005 investigated the
possibility of in-situ formation of gas-phase complex compounds of group 4 elements of the
periodic table Zr and Hf with the goal to investigate the corresponding compound formation
also for element 104, rutherfordium . It was shown that pre-separated products of complete
fusion reactions can be stopped in a carrier gas stream containing a reactive species suited as
ligand for gas-phase complex formation. An in-situ formation of volatile species was
observed serving as proof-of-principle and paving the way towards the investigation of new
fragile compound classes of transactinides. Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh were observed produced as short-
lived fission products recoiling out from targets of 249Cf and 238U at the TRIGA reactor of
the Institute for Nuclear Chemistry at the University of Mainz, Germany, into a carrier gas
stream containing carbon monoxide, CO. Typically, the elements from odd group numbers
form dimer or trimer complexes with CO bridges or additional intermetallic cluster bonds to
stabilize themselves according to the 18-electron rule.

2. Group 6 carbonyl complex compounds

Interestingly, already in 1999 predictions about the stability of hexacarbonyl

complexes of group 6 elements and uranium were published. Relativistic density functional
theory was used to calculate the geometry and thermodynamic stability of these carbonyl
species for Mo, W, and Sg indicating the hexacarbonyl species as the most stable ones
obeying the 18 electron rule and suggesting the stability increase towards the heavier
elements. This was attributed mainly to the increasing secondary relativistic effects
destabilizing and expanding dorbitals.

3. The experimental observation of Sg(CO)6

There they pass through a thin Mylar window separating the He-gas filling of the
separator from the gas-phase chemistry device starting with the Recoil Transfer

6
Chamber . RTC is a closed chamber with gas inlets and an outlet mounted behind the Mylar
window covering the entire area of this vacuum window. After passing this Mylar foil the
products are thermalize within the volume of the RTC. Here, the in-situ formation reaction
occurs. The formed volatile species are transported with the gas stream through thin PFAfi
Teflon capillaries with 2 mm inner diameter over the direct connection to the detection
system. Cryo-thermochromatography setups as used for the chemical investigations of group
8 oxides MO4 and for the investigation of volatile elements like Hg, Cn, and Fl are best
suited to study the in-situ chromatographic deposition of the formed volatile species. Using
detector surfaces as chromatographic surfaces represents nowadays the most sensitive
approach to detect single atomic adsorption. Based on the comparison with measurements
performed using detector arrays, where all products passing the separator were implanted at
the focal plane of the separator it was possible to estimate a formation and transport yield as
40% for 87Mo, and 10–20% for 164W. Comparison of the number of events attributed to
decays of 265Sg observed in COMPACT with results from measurements studying this
nuclear fusion reaction in detail allowed for estimation of an overall chemical yield for Sg of
about 5% including the detection efficiency.

4. The stability of group 6 hexacarbonyl compounds M(CO)

The observations described in the previous chapter paved the way towards the
recently developed second-generation experiments with group 6 hexacarbonyls aiming for the
detailed investigation of the stability of the metal carbon bond in those molecules. The
relevant thermodynamic measure for this property is typically represented as the first
carbonyl bond dissociation enthalpy . Model experiments with isotopes of Mo emerging form
a 252Cf spontaneous fission source installed at Bern University were performed. This reactor
was placed between the carbonyl production side and the detector for hexacarbonyl
species . The amount of hexacarbonyl species able to pass this reactor in dependence of the
selected isothermal temperature is measured in comparison to the total amount of
hexacarbonyl species passing through a PFAfi Teflon tube of the same geometry mounted as
by-pass of the decomposition reactor as depicted in Fig. 1. The results obtained for Mo6 and
W6. This model was successfully applied to relate the decomposition observations to the
FBDE given for the hexacarbonyl complexes. The obtained model describes the
decomposition observations for Mo and W at varied experimental parameters very
well. Therefore, it was also applied in reference to predict the hypothetical decomposition
interval for Sg6 at the same experimental conditions based on the theoretically predicted
FBDE .

7
 CHAPTER III: STRENGHT OF EACH JOURNAL
A. FIRST JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

This journal discusses the synthesis of several complex compounds and also their
biological activities, this journal uses experimental methods and puts forward the results of
the experiments tested. The discussion in this journal is quite deep, because it has discussed
spectroscopy, calorimetry, and also electron parametric resonance. With the results of the
experiments shown, of course, this journal contains a lot of deeper information about
complex compounds.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

The connection between concepts is good, because this journal does use the concept
of experiments or research that is carried out directly so that it includes the results of the
research. Therefore, the concepts are certainly interrelated with each other.

3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

In my opinion, the description of the material is quite up-to-date because this research
was conducted in 2018 and the journal was published in September of the same year, the
references used in this journal are also on average from journals, articles, and books
published above 2010 and only a few are from publications under 2000.

B. SECOND JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

In this journal, the material discussed is about the synthesis of several complex
compounds as HIV antivirals. Of course, the material discussed in it is more in-depth than
previous journals, because in this journal we have to understand the nature and characteristics
of the HIV virus itself and how copper can be an HIV antiviral with the coordination
compound of copper tetraaza macrocyclic. This journal also briefly discusses what is meant
by complex compounds.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

The interrelationships between concepts are certainly very good, because these are
also based on research and facts or data from books and other reliable sources. This journal
discussion starts with a brief introduction, and explains what imizole and its derivatives are
and why copper can be used as an HIV antiviral.

8
3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

The up-to-dateness of this journal can be used as a reference, because this journal was
published in 2016 and includes quotations from world scientists and the books contained in
these quotations. And the sources or references of this journal also come from books, articles
and journals with publications above the year 2000 and nothing below that, so the data is
quite accurate.

C. THIRD JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

The material in this journal focuses on complex compounds, so the material is very
complete and detailed compared to previous journals. The contents of the material are
compounds in the gas phase, volatile complex compounds, and also research using
Thermochromatographic tools.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

The linkage of the material is quite good, because in addition to the material in this
journal, it also contains experimental results of carbonyl complex compounds and also the
stability of carbonyl complex compounds so that the interrelationships between concepts are
quite related.

3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

The up-to-dateness of this journal cannot be doubted, because this journal comes from
a journal published in the last 5 years, which was published in 2016. In addition, the authors
of this journal involve many researchers from various countries ranging from Switzerland,
Japan, China, and Germany. In addition, the references used in this journal are from sources
published in 2000 and above and only a few books are from the 1900s. So that the data and
facts in this journal are quite reliable.

9
 CHAPTER IV: WEAKNESS OF EACH JOURNAL
A. FIRST JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

This journal does not briefly discuss what is meant by complex compounds and their
characteristics. This journal immediately introduces the research to be made and the results
obtained. So for those who just want to learn about complex compounds, they need additional
journals to know the basics of complex compounds.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

In my opinion, the relationship between the concepts is good, so there are no flaws in
it.

3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

In my opinion, the author should take references from books, articles, journals or
other sources above the year 2000 so that the data produced is more up-to-date.

B. SECOND JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

This journal is better than previous journals based on the depth of the material, but the
authors should have provided more research data such as patient data or results from animals
that were able to recover from the HIV virus after using copper tetrazaa macrocyclic.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

In my opinion, the interrelationships between the concepts are not wrong, but it would
be better if other concepts related to copper were added.

3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

The updating of the journal is very good, because the authors take references from
reliable sources and also published above 2000, it's just that it's better if the authors add
references from foreign sources.

10
C. THIRD JOURNAL
1) Depth or Completeness Of The Material Description

The depth of the material in this journal is good, but the author should focus more on
complex compounds than on his experiments, because this journal discusses both at once, the
material in this journal cannot be understood as a whole.

2) The Interrelationships Between The Concepts

In my opinion, there are no errors in the interrelationships between concepts in this

journal.

3) Up-to-date Description Of The Material And Its References

The author should take sources from books, articles or trusted journals above the year
2000 so that the data and facts obtained are more modern in accordance with the development
of science in this era.

11
 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION
The chemistry of complex compounds of transition metals with multidentate
ligands, which simultaneously contain several donor atoms, is not only theoretical but also of
practical interest, since in addition to the unusual properties of such complexes, the structure
and types of binding of multidentate ligands with different metals give a new impetus to the
development coordination chemistry as a whole. Differential thermogravimetric analysis was
performed on.

Differential scanning calorimetry, With the definition of the thermic stability and the
composition of synthesized complexes the thermographic analysis was made. UV-VIS
spectroscopy, The UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis of 0.01 M of 2H2O complex is water was
made. Biological activity of complexes, The seeds treated with a complex of zinc with
cysteine have high germination energy and germination. The stimulating effect of low
concentrations of zinc sulphate solution on germination, germination energy, and seedling
growth was noted in the works of a number of authors .

Complex compounds are compounds in which there is an atom that acts as the central
atom and trotter group of molecules that can be either neutral or charged ions. This trotter
group called ligands. Complex compounds formed are influenced by the nature of the ligand,
which includes the alkalinity, bond, and chelate effects. Complex compounds are compounds
in which there is an atom that acts as the central atom and trotter group of molecules that can
be either neutral or charged ions. Copper is a bio-essential element and copper complexes
have been extensively utilized in metal mediated DNA cleavage for the generation of
activated oxygen species. It has been reported that tetraaza macrocyclic copper coordination
compounds have anti-HIV activities. This papers reviews about imidazole potency and
copper for anti-HIV.

A coordination compound refers to a molecule or entity formed by the joining of a

ligand and a metal ion. Previously, a complex meant the reversible association of molecules,
atoms, or ions through weak chemical bonds. This understanding has now changed. Some
metal complexes are formed irreversibly and many of them have fairly strong bonds.

12
 REFERENCES
SI Grahamanova, FF Jalaladinnov, MK Munshieva, and friends. Synthesis and
Investigation of Complex Compounds of Divalent Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Zinc with
Tryptophan and their Biological Activity. International Journal of Chemical Sciences. Vol 16
No. 3: 1 – 8. 10.21767/0972-768X.1000286.

HS, Teguh, M, Fahimah. Synthesis Of Metal-Organic (Complexes) Compounds

Ccopper(ii)-Imidazole For Antiviral HIV Candidate. Indonesian Journal Of Tropical And
Infectious Disease. Vol. 6 No. 1: 5-12.

E. Robert, Asai M, Brand H, and friends. Complex Chemistry With Complex

Compounds. Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements. 1-7.
10.1051/epjconf/201613107005.

13