Assessment: 2.1.

In a critical essay discuss the importance of the journal/chronicle of Magellan’s voyage,

the author’s background, the context of the background, the context of the document,
and its contribution to understanding Philippine History.

Why is it important to know about Magellan's voyage journal, its author's background, and its
contribution to history? Some of us in our country are unfamiliar with Magellan's expedition. We
cannot deny that some of us only know his name and are unaware of his background or
contributions to our country. Therefore, we must learn to do critical research on these specific
topics.

The journal that covers the specifics of Magellan's expedition is quite useful in gathering
knowledge on this subject. This is a primary source that can supply us with correct and reliable
information to add to our existing knowledge. We are certain that we are receiving accurate
information and that we can confidently share it with others as a result of this. Knowing the
background facts of whoever wrote this material adds to the credibility of this source. When
delivering information on our sources, this is one of the tiny but significant things to keep in
mind. If the person is illegible for this type of information, we must go into their background.
When checking the accuracy of information, the context of the document must also be taken
into account. This allows us to determine whether the documents were forged, manufactured, or
edited by another. This journal is extremely essential in today's world since it informs people
about what happened in the past. This has also had a significant impact on our history because
it has educated people from many countries and ages about Magellan's expedition and
discovery in our land.

We have been taught about events in our history over the years, but it has never been as
detailed as what we can find in this paper. As a result, our learning is reliant on this work, its
creator, and all the facts that surround it. We must learn how to protect it so that future
generations will be able to benefit from it as well.
Assessment: 2.2.1

Identify two urban legends in your place and ask to the old folks or research about
people’s stories related to them. Does that urban legend in your locality has
resemblance to the supernatural beliefs documented by Fr. Plasencia? How similar or
different were they?

‘Borongan miracle’

Borongan in Eastern Samar faces the mighty Pacific. If Yolanda devastated Tacloban and the
entire eastern seaboard of Samar, why was Borongan unscathed? Borongan never felt the
super typhoon. Its houses and coconut trees are today intact, while the rest are still recuperating
from devastation. That was the miracle—not the legend I will describe, but Borongan immune
from Yolanda.

An old woman relates that, when Yolanda came, she saw three tsunami-sized waves from her
balcony facing the ocean. She simply closed her eyes and prayed. When she opened her eyes,
she saw the waves split and move to the sides, mimicking the parting of the Red Sea. Believe it
or not.

Mama Mary

A passenger-boat ride connects Borongan to nearby islets. The legend dates back to the 1950s.
A mysterious woman hugging her baby, a stranger to the people, boarded the passenger boat.
At the first islet stop, she refused to disembark. People asked her where she was going. She
just smiled without a word and pointed to the sea. Finally, at an islet, now called Punta Maria
after the legend, she disembarked and was never seen again. The next day, the residents were
surprised to see a statue of Mary with Baby Jesus at the beach. They decided to transport the
statue by boat to Borongan, and there they gave it to the parish priest.

-Mama Mary's narrative is comparable to Fr. Placencia's because he is a priest and has a
strong spiritual conviction in such traditions.
Assessment: 2.3.1

1. Make a contextual analysis of the two documents by filling out the table below. Simply
state how the authors’ background and the authors’ environment at that time influenced
the writing of the Kartilya ng Himagsikan and the Proclamation of Philippine
Independence in 1898.

DOCUMENT AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND BACKGROUND OF TIME

Kartilya ng Himagsikan  The Author of the The Katipunan, headed by
document is Emilio Jacinto Andrés Bonifacio, was a
 He was born December liberationist organization
15, 1875 aiming for an armed
 Son of Mariano Jacinto insurrection to gain
and Josefa Dizon. independence from Spain.
 He went to a private school During a mass meeting in
for his primary education and Caloocan, leaders formed a
Colegio de San Juan de revolutionary government,
Letran for his secondary dubbed "Haring Bayang
education and his college Katagalugan" and launched a
school, and The University of nationwide armed revolution.
Santo Tomas for his law Although the invasion failed,
studies. the surrounding regions
 Emilio Jacinto dropped out revolted, and early wins were
of college at the age of 20 achieved by rebels in Cavite
 He joined the Katipunan, a commanded by Mariano
secret revolutionary society, Alvarez and Emilio
Aguinaldo. In 1897,
 Emilio became the
revolutionaries and
secretary of the one who
Spaniards negotiated the
reports directly to the leader
Biak-na-Bato Pact, which put
of the Katipunan.
an end to hostilities for the
 He also became the chief
time being.
advisor on fiscal matters
concerning the society.
 He wrote the society’s
newspaper called the
Kalayaan.
 He was also referred to as
the “Utak ng Katipunan”.
 “Dimas-ilaw” was his pen
name.
 He was also known by the
group as Pingkian
 Emilio Jacinto was in
charge in creating the
guidebook for new members
which was called “Kartilya ng
Katipunan”
  He died April 16, 1899 at
the
age of 24.

The Proclamation of the On December 7, 1830, During the Spanish-American

1898 Philippine Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista War, Filipino rebels led by
Independence also known as Don Bosyong, Emilio Aguinaldo proclaim the
lawyer and General Emilio independence of the
Aguinaldo’s confidante, was Philippines after 300 years of
born in Biñan, Laguna. Spanish rule. By mid-August,
Bautista, who was arrested Filipino rebels and U.S.
and jailed at the outbreak of troops had ousted the
the Revolution, was the one Spanish, but Aguinaldo’s
who authored the "Act of hopes for independence were
Declaration of Philippine dashed when the United
Independence". He was also States formally annexed the
the one who read the Philippines as part of its
declaration during the June peace treaty with Spain.
12, 1898 Independence
proclamation by General
Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite.
Bautista patterned the act on
the American declaration of
Independence, which was
signed by 98 persons, among
them an American army
officer who witnessed the
proclamation.
Bautista, who also served as
solicitor general of the
revolutionary government,
died on December 4, 1903 at
the age of 72.
Assessment: 2.3.2.

1. In a critical essay, answer the following items:

A. Identify the historical importance of the two documents
(Kartilya ng Himagsikan and the Proclamation of 1898Philippine Independence).
What are the historical relevance of papers like the Kartilya ng Himagsikan and the Declaration
of Independence? What part has it played in the development of our society? It is necessary
that we are aware of these concerns because they are among the most important issues that
every Filipino citizen should be aware of.
One of the documents given to most newcomers to the community is the Kartilya ng
Himagsikan. It's critical to accommodate newcomers and those who want to join the
organization, as it covers the requirements for becoming a Katipunero. By adhering to the
criteria outlined in this leaflet, one can demonstrate that he is a decent Filipino citizen. As a
result, these documents are critical in punishing members of the congregation.
One of the most significant events in Philippine history is the declaration of independence. For
hundreds of years, the country was colonized by a variety of nations. Imagine achieving your
independence after all of your trials and tribulations. It's invaluable. The Philippines' declaration
of independence was commissioned by Emilio Aguinaldo. On June 12, 1898, the Philippines
gained their independence from Spain. This document was signed by 177 people, including US
authorities, and it was made in many copies. The given documents served as proof that the
agreement was reached.
These records show that there have been instances in the past that have benefited our country
greatly. As a result, it is critical that we comprehend these issues in order to effectively
communicate their significance to our Filipino citizens. It is also a significant contribution since it
provides us with an identity and allows us to achieve the freedom we desire. As a result, we
must continue to educate history so that future generations can learn about these themes.
These are things that our forefathers taught us about, and it is our responsibility to treasure and
protect them.
B. Examine the author’s main argument and point of view.
-As a text, the Kartilya ng Katipunan is an argument. It is a set of statements intended to
persuade or convince people that what is being said is correct. As previously said, it is
comparable to a party's terms and conditions agreement. The following statements, however,
were also labeled in the source as Jacinto's arguments. To begin with, "The Association
pursues a most worthy and monumental purpose," in which it attempts to connect the hearts
and minds of all Tagalogs by an unbreakable pledge. This is for the connection to be powerful
enough to lift the heavy veil that obscures thought and reveal the true path of Reason and
Enlightenment. In addition, the Katipunan's teachings contain numerous statements that can be
seen or inferred. "A life that is not committed to a great and sacred cause is like a tree without
shade, if not a toxic weed," Jacinto says, changing the image. It is a teaching that argues that if
one's life isn't dedicated to a high and sacred cause, one's life is like to a tree that isn't used to
provide shade and protect people from the sun, or live without purpose.
- The Declaration of Independence's authors provided various grounds for proclaiming the
colonies independent of British rule. They primarily maintained that all men had unalienable
rights. By passing unjust laws, the king infringed on these rights. As a result, the king had
violated the colonist's social compact.
The fundamental objective of the Declaration is to explain the colonists' right to revolution, as
stated in the first sentence. To put it another way, "to declare the reasons for their breakup."
Congress had to show that its reason was legitimate. It had just defied the world's most
powerful nation.

Assessment: 2.4.1
Review the caricatures studied in this lesson and investigate which of them corresponds
to the following interpretations:
a. Sexual revolution mindset
b. Filipino Politician did not understand the essence of democracy and the
accompanying democratic institution and processes.
c. Transition from a catholic-centered, Spanish-Filipino society to an imperial
American-assimilated one.
d. Condition of the poor Filipinos in the Philippines
e. Patronage become influential and powerful
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Public post is not hereditary crown
2. War Against Speculation
3. Colorum
4. China
5. Uncle Sam Riding a Chariot
6. El Turno Los Partidos
Make explanations and reasoning for each of your answer.
1. B- It merely demonstrates how politicians abuse their authority by failing to respect the will of
the people and denying them the chance to pick who will lead us and our precious country.
2. D- An authority will only focus on someone who lacks the ability to fight back. They will treat
you in accordance with your current state of life. It's simple for them to penalize you if you're
poor, because poverty is one of the reasons why poor people make mistakes and take risks in
order to survive.
3. C- The transition from the Spanish colonial period to the American occupation period
revealed a wide range of cultural, social, and political changes and transformations. The laws
and policies were implemented in a substandard manner.
4. A- We can see how this period represented a juncture between the Philippines' conservative
past and its emancipated future.
5. E- Americans manipulated Filipinos by using seemingly innocuous American objects.
Americans can control and conquer Filipinos by manipulating their conscience and mentality
6. E- It is clear from the caricature that, even in those times, getting the support of powerful
people, particularly during elections, will provide you a significant benefit.
Assessment: 2.4.1

Analyze the context, content and perspective of the speech of former president Corazon
Aquino by answering the following questions:
1. Who is Corazon Aquino as the author of the speech? What do you know about the author
that shaped her perspective?
-Maria Corazon Cojuanco Aquino was a Philippine politician who served as the country's first
female president from 1986 to 1992, ushering in democracy after Ferdinand Marcos' long
tyranny. Corazon Aquino's speech was based on her personal experiences and observations
prior to and following the death of her deceased husband, Ninoy Aquino. It was also founded on
the fact that, as a Filipino, she was horrified by the country's plight after more than a decade of
social and political persecution. As she assumed the presidency, she influenced her country and
the rest of the world to see women as capable of handling authority and power. She has been
dubbed the "mother of Philippine democracy" as well as the "housewife who led a revolution" as
a result of this.
2. Who is the intended audience of the primary source?
- The target audience for this main source is the current generation of Filipinos. We are the
intended recipients of this information in order for us to be educated about what is really going
on at this event, and for us to be knowledgeable enough about this topic to be able to
disseminate right information to others.
3. Describe the historical context. What was happening during this period?
- Everyone knows that the Marcos-Aquino family is bitterly opposed to one another. Ninoy
Aquino, Cory's husband and a leading opponent of Ferdinand Marcos, was arrested in the
north. Cory's willingness to fight against the government and seek sanctuary from the
Americans was fueled by Ninoy's kidnapping and assassination in the latter portion
4. How did the aforementioned factors influence the content and context of the speech as the
primary historical source?
- Understanding the historical context of a primary source is essential for comprehending the
attitudes and influences that shaped the primary source's development. A primary source's
actual meaning may be misconstrued if it is not placed in historical context.