ACCIDENTS WITH

POISONOUS &
VENOMOUS ANIMALS
Teacher:
FERNANDO PUENTES CRUZ
OPHIDISM (OFIDISMO)

Is the accidental or
provoked bite that a snake
makes. (OPHIDOTOXICOSIS)
 SNAKE CHARACTERISTICS

• The snakes are elongated reptiles, without

extremities and whose skin covered by scales.
• It’s haven’t eyelids, no external or middle ear,
perceive environmet through vibrations.
• Snakes are ectothermic animals and have
sensory organs that allow them to perceive
their environment.
LOCOMOTION
 SKIN SHEDDING (ECDISIS)

Process by which a Snake sheds its skin at least

twice a year.
It is a period of great vulnerability for snakes
because these perceive everything as a threat,
hence its danger in this lifecycle.
 FEEDING
All Snakes are carnivores and some eat other
snakes (Cannibalism).
 REPRODUCTION
Snakes reproduce through eggs (OVIPAROUS),
and some snakes give birth to live young.
(OVOVIVIPAROUS).
 Biological Control
Biodiversity

Ophidism (Snake Bite)

IMPORTANCE OF Antidote
SNAKES

Drugs
Research
 Bothrops

Lachesis
Viperidae
Crotalus

FAMILIES
Elapidae Micrurus

Liophis
Colubridae
Clelia

Hydrophidae Pelamis
The most frequent Snake
bite accident is caused by
Bothrops type snake
species by 98%.
(BOTHTROPIC
ACCIDENT). (Accidente
Bothrópico)
 Venomous & Non
Venomous Snakes

According to Morphological
Characteristics

According to the
Type of Teething
 ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF TEETHING

AGLYPHS (AGLIFAS): the teeth have a OPISTOGLIYPHS (OPISTOGLIFAS):

relatively uniform size, don't have venom- These snakes have posterior fangs and
producing glands, don't have fangs. venomous glands without risk to people.
Collubrids and constrictors (Boidos) Some species of colubrids.

PROTEROGLYPHS (PROTEROGLIFAS): These SOLENOGLYPHS (SOLENOGLIFAS): These

snakes have fixed, short anterior fangs and snakes have long, mobile anterior fangs and
venom-producing glands. Elapidae venom-producing glands. Viperidae
FAKE AND TRUE CORAL SNAKES
 SNAKE VENOM (VENENO DE SERPIENTE)

Snake venom is highly

modified spittle that
contains, enzymes and
bacteria that produce a
toxic activity on tissues.
Snake venom serves to
inmobilize and facilitate the
digestion of prey.
TOXICITY OF THE POISON OF THE VIPERIDAE FAMILY

BOTHROPS Histolytic & Hemolytic

Histolytic & Hemolytic ,

nausea, vomiting and
LACHESIS
profuse sweating
(neurovagal effect)

Histolytic, hemolytic,
neurovagal effect,
CROTALUS cardiotoxic,
nephrotoxic &
neurotoxic
 TOXICITY OF THE POISON OF THE ELAPIDAE FAMILY

Potent neurotoxic effect (Muscle

ELAPIDAE
Paralysis).
 PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

- Wear high boats

- Do not put your hands in burrows
- Keep homes & surrounding areas clean
- Do not disturb snakes and do not them
catch for any reason
- Be careful when camping or hiking at
night
- Maintain biological controls
 WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF SNAKE BITE

- Get away inmmediately from the snake

- Try to identify the type of snake
- Keep calm as possible
- Determine the time of the accident
- Wash the bite site with soap and water
- Remove rings or other elements that can
pressure
- Prevent the victim from doing physical activity
- Do not make turnstiles (Torniquetes)
- Don’t do treatments without a medical basis
 ANTIOPHIDIC SERUM (SUERO ANTIOFIDICO)

It is a biological product used to neutralize the venom

of a snake, stopping further damage but not reversing
the damage already done.
 TYPES OF ANTIOPHIDIC SERUM

Serum used
MONOVALENT exclusively for the
bite of a single type
of snake.

This serum is
mainly used for
bites of various
POLYVALENT types of snakes
such as those of
the viperidae family
(vipers).
ARACHNIDISM (ARACNIDISMO)

Is the accidental or
provoked bite that a spider
makes.
(ARACHNIDOTOXICOSIS)
 SPIDER SPECIES

LOXOLCELES LATRODECTUS PHONEUTRIA LYCOSA APHONOPELMA

Violinist or Banana Wolf or

Black widow Tarantulas
corner spider spider garden spider
The main effect of spider venom is to producer tissue necrosis.
Uso de SUERO POLIVANTE…
SCORPIONISM (ESCORPIONISMO)

Is the accidental or
provoked sting that a
scorpion makes.
(SCORPIONTOXICOSIS)
 SCORPION SPECIES

CHACTIDAE
BUTHIDAE

BUTHIDAE CHACTIDAE CHACTAS

BUTHIDAE TITYUS
ANANTERIS
The main effect of Scorpion venom is to produce neurological
damage (NEUROTOXIC).
 Precautionary Measures
- Have polyvalent serum (Spider – Scorpion)
- Mantain order and cleanliness
- Not accumulate unusable in homes or
workplaces
- Check clothes and shoes before putting them on
- Repair gaps and wall cracks
- Perform pest control at workplaces
- If you are going to walk at night use an
ultraviolet light flashlight.
 HYMNENOPTERA (HIMENOPTEROS)

VESPIDS (VESPIDOS) APHID (APIDOS)

Wasps Hornets
Bees Ants
 APITOXIN (APITOXINA)
Is the poison secreted by the workers of
various species of bees, which use it as a
means of defense against predators and for
combat.
 LEPIDOPTERA (LEPIDOPTEROS)

Lepidoptera are an order of flying

holometabolous insects known as butterflies.

Butterfly Moth
 LEPIDOPTERISM (LEPIDOPTERISMO)

Lepidopterism is acute dermatitis caused by

the contact of some species of female
butterflies from daytime habits.
 ERUCISM (ERUCISMO)

Is the accident caused by the caterpillars or

larval forms of night habits butterflies causing
severe acute dermatitis.
 LONOMIC ACCIDENT (ACCIDENTE LONOMICO)

Is an acute dermatitis caused by larvae of the

Saturniidae family that cause severe
hemorrhagic damage and renal failure.
BATRACOTOXIN (BATRACOTOXINA)

It is the poison secreted by the skyn of frogs

of genus Phyllobates and Dendrobates.
 BUFOTOXIN (BUFOTOXINA)

It is the poison secreted by the parotid glands

and the skin of toads of the genus bufo.
 ICHTHYOTOXISM (ICTIOTOXISMO)

Is any form of fish poisoning.

ICHTHYOSARCOTOXISM
(ICTIOSARCOTOXISMO)

ICHTHIOCANTHOTOXISM
(ICTIOACANTOTOXISMO)
 ICHTHYOSARCOTOXISM

Is poisoning caused by the consumption of fish

meat.

TETRODOTOXISM ESCOMBROTOXISM
CIGUATERA (TETRODOTOXISMO) (ESCOMBROTOXISMO)
 ICHTHIOCANTHOTOXISM

Is poisoning caused by inoculation of the

poison (sting).
 RED TIDE (MAREA ROJA)

Is a proliferation of
one or different
microalgae in any
aquatic environment
and have a harmful
effect on other
organisms due to the
high production of
toxins.
 1. CIGUATERA

2. PARALYZING (Paralizante)

3. DIARRHEAL (Diarreico)

4. AMNESIC (Amnésico)

5. NEUROTOXIC (Neurotóxico)
 RED TIDE
CLASSIFICATION

Ciguatera: Is
the poisoning Diarrheal: Is Amnesic: Is
Neurotoxic: Is
most frequent caused by the caused by the
Paralyzing: Is caused by the
caused by consumption consumption
caused by the consumption
consumption of the domic of the domonic
consumption of the
of fish acid toxin acid toxin
of Saxitoxin. brieftoxina
contamined (ácido (ácido
(Brevetoxina).
with Dómico). Domónico).
Ciguatoxin.