Concept of Unitive and Procreative Health

• Sex used to be spoken about only behind closed doors or as the topic of suggestive
remarks. Now it’s something everyone must know everything about, including every form of
sexual depravity.
• If there were no pleasure attached to sex, who would do it?
-Pleasure there for a purpose – two purposes:
-To strengthen the couple’s relationship AND to give them the ability to share with God
in the creation of another human being
• Sexuality is all those things that go with being male or female – including physical and
emotional differences. They are all part of being human.
• SEXUAL INTERCOURSE involves genital and erotic activity. We are all sexual beings, but it isn’t
necessary to become involved in genital sex to be fully human.
• Not everyone gets married, but everyone is a sexual human being to be loved and accepted for
who they are – and able themselves to give and receive love
• -‘Two becoming one flesh’
• -that’s the UNITIVE purpose of our sexuality
• -‘Increase and multiply’
– that’s the PRO-CREATIVE purpose
• -‘Two becoming one flesh’
-is part of the life-long commitment that is marriage.
• Procreation, creation and evolution
-Procreation →is the creation of a new human person, by the act of sexual intercourse, by a
man and a woman.
-Creation is the making of all things from nothing, by an act of God, at some time in the past.
God's action could have taken a second, or 6 days, or a million years.
-Evolutionary theory is the theory that all things came about by the repeated random actions
of natural selection, whereby: 1. Life came into existence, and then 2. Primitive life evolved
into more and more complex organisms, and eventually producing mankind. Evolutionary
theory requires the assumption of billions of years for its processes.
• With the introduction of artificial birth control to the marital act, the procreative dimension is
purposefully suppressed and ignored. The unitive dimension, therefore, is separated from the
procreative. Just as a forced act of physical love by one's spouse upon the other violates the
unitive dimension of marital love, the impairment of the capacity to transmit human life violates
the procreative dimension.
• Moreover, we must also consider the possible side effects of these pills to the health of the
woman. In examining for various oral contraceptives, possible health complications
include, thrombosis, cerebrovascular disorders, birth defects and various forms of cancer (breast,
cervical, ovarian and uterine). Tragically, many doctors do not inform the woman of these health
risks when prescribing these drugs. Since each individual has an obligation for maintaining his or
her own health, any drug which consistently changes the normal functioning of the body and
which carries these risks would be morally objectionable.
•
Male and Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
● Penis
-deposits sperm in the female reproductive tract
-terminal duct for the urinary tract
-cylinder-shaped penile shaft consists of three columns pf erectile tissue:
✓Corpora cavernosa→major part of the penis
✓Corpora spongiosum→encases the urethra
✓Glans penis→distal end of the shaft; highly sensitive to sexual stimulation
● Scrotum
-an extra abdominal pouch that consists of a thin layer of skin overlying tighter, muscle
like layer
-Tunica Vaginalis→a serous membrane that covers the scrotal cavity
-Septum→divides the scrotum in to two sacs
-contain testis, epididymis and spermatic cord
● Testes
-enveloped in two layers of
connective tissue:
✓Tunica vaginalis→outer layer
✓Tunica albuginea→inner layer; separate each each testis in lobule and each of
it contains one to four seminiferous tubules in which spermatogenesis takes
place.
-temperature lower than the rest of the body for spermatozoa development
✓dartos muscle→causes scrotal to wrinkle which helps regulate temperature
✓cremaster muscle→helps to govern temperature by elevating the testes
● Epididymis
-contracts during ejaculation, ejecting spermatozoa into the vas deferens
● Vas Deferens
-leads from the testes to the abdominal cavity, where it extends upward through the
inguinal canal, arches over the urethra, and descends behind the bladder

● Seminal Vescicles
-paired of sacs at the base of the bladder
-nourishes sperm
● Bulbourethral glands
-inferior to the prostate
-enhances mobility
● Prostate gland
-lies under bladder and surrounds the urethra
-continuously secretes prostatic fluid
*Note: Prostatic fluid— a thin, milky, alkaline fluid that adds volume to the
semen and neutralizes the acidity of man’s urethra and
woman’s vagina.

● Semen
 -a viscous, white secretion with a slightly alkaline pH (7.8 to 8)
-consists of spermatozoa and accessory gland secretions
-seminal vesicles→produces 60% of the fluid portion
-prostate gland→produces about 30%
-bulbourethral gland→ secretes a viscid fluid that becomes part of the seme

● Spermatogenesis
-sperm formation

● Leydig’s cells
-secrete testosterone

Female Reproductive System

● Cervix
-childbirth permanently alters the cervix
-a female who hasn’t delivered a child the external os is a round opening about 3 mm
in diameter, after the first childbirth, it becomes a small transverse slit with irregular
edges
● Uterus
-a small, firm, pear-shaped, muscular organ that’s situated between the bladder and
rectum
-endometrium→mucous membrane lining of the uterus
-myometrium→muscular layer of the uterus
-fundus→the elastic upper portion of the uterus that accommodates most of the -
growing fetus until term during pregnancy
● Fallopian Tube
-attach to the uterus at the upper angles of the funds
-these narrow cylinders of muscle fibres are the site of fertilization
-ampulla→curved portion of the fallopian tube;ends in infundibulum
-infundibulum→funnel-shaped
 -fimbriae→fingerlike projections in the infundibulum;move in waves that sweep the
mature ovum from the ovary into the fallopian tube
● Ovaries
-located on either side of the uterus
-the size, shape, and position vary with age
✓Birth-round, smooth,pink
✓Puberty-larger, flatten, grayish
-they take on an almond shape and a rough, pitted surface during childbearing years
-after menopause, they shrink and turn white
-main function: produce ova
● Mammary Glands
-located in the breast
-specialized accessory glands that secrete milk
-each mammary gland contains 15 to 25 lobes separated by fibrous connective tissue
and fat
-acini→tiny, saclike duct terminals clusters within the lobes that secrete milk during
lactation
● Oogenesis
-the process of development of female gametes or ova or egg that takes place in
ovaries
● Menstrual Cycle
-a complex process that involves the reproductive and endocrine systems; the average
cycle is 28 days
● Menopause
-a complex process that involves the reproductive and endocrine systems; the average
cycle is 28 days;
-menopause women:
✓does not release ova anymore
✓they cannot have children anymore
✓they can experience mood swings

Human Sexuality
• Normal Sexuality
-perception of being male or female and all those thoughts, feelings, behaviours,
connected with sexual gratification and reproduction, including the attraction of one person
to another.
-involves feelings or desire, behaviour that brings pleasure to oneself and one’s partner…
-devoid of guilt or anxiety and not compulsive.
• Human Sexuality
-Sexuality→a multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings, attitudes, and
actions. It has both biologic and cultural components. It encompasses and gives
direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social, and intellectual response throughout
life.
-Expression of sexual sensation and intimacy between persons.
-Expression of identity through sex.
-Comprises a broad range of behaviour and processes.
-Biologic Gender→the term used to denote a person’s chromosomal sex: male (XY) or
female (XX).
 -Gender Identity or Sexual Identity→ inner sense a person has of being male or
female, which may be the same as or different from biologic gender.
-Gender Role →male or female behaviour a person exhibits, which, again, may or
may not be the same as biologic gender or gender identity.
● Developing of Gender Identity
✓ Development of Gender Identity
-Infancy
-Preschool Period
-School-Age Child
-Adolescent
-Young Adult
-Middle-Age Adult
-Older Adult
✓Sexual Cycle response
-Excitement→occurs with physical and psychological stimulation (i.e., sight,
sound, emotion, or though) that causes parasympathetic nerve
stimulation. This leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction
in the genital area. The resulting increased blood supply leads to
vasocongestion and increasing muscular tension.
-Plateau→ The plateau stage is reached just before orgasm.
-Orgasm→stimulation proceeds through the plateau stage to a point at which
the body suddenly charges accumulated sexual tension. A vigorous
contraction of muscles in the pelvic area expels or dissipates blood and
fluid from the are of congestion.
-Resolution→ a 30-minute period during which the external and internal genital
organs return to an unaroused state.
● Types of Sexual Orientation
✓ Heterosexuality
-A heterosexual is a person who finds sexual fulfilment with a member of the opposite
gender. Because interest in the opposite sex and sexual relationships may begin as
early as the beginning of puberty, it is important to provide information on safer sex
practices and planning for their use to children as young as 10 to 12 years of age.
Otherwise, this knowledge comes too late to be most helpful.
✓ Homosexuality
-A homosexual is a person who finds sexual fulfilment with a member of his or her own
sex. Many homosexual men prefer to use the term “gay”. “Lesbian” refers to a
homosexual woman. More recent terms are “men who have sex with men” (MWM) and
“women who have sex with women” (WWW).
✓ Bisexuality
-People are said to be bisexual if they achieve sexual satisfaction from both
homosexual and heterosexual relationships.
✓ Transsexuality
-A transsexual or transgender person is an individual who, although of one biologic
gender, feels as if he or she is of the opposite gender (Jain & Bradbeer, 2007)

● Types of Sexual Expression

✓ Masturbation
 -Masturbation is self-stimulation for erotic pleasure; it can be a mutually enjoyable
activity for sexual partners. It offers sexual release, which may be interpreted by the
person as overall tension or anxiety relief.
✓ Erotic Stimulation
-Erotic Stimulation is the use of visual materials such as magazines or photographs
for sexual arousal. Although this is thought to be mostly a male phenomenon, there
is increasing interest in centrefold photographs in magazines marketed primarily to
women.
✓ Fetishism
-Fetishism is sexual arousal resulting from the use of certain objects or situations.
Leather, rubber, shoes, and feet are frequently perceived to have erotic qualities.
The object of stimulation does not just enhance the experience; rather, it becomes
a focus of arousal and a person may come to require the object or situation for
stimulation (Scorolli et al., 2007).
✓ Transvestism
-A transvestite is an individual who dresses in the clothes of the opposite sex.
Transvestites can be heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. Many are married.
Some transvestites, particularly married heterosexuals, may be under a great deal
of strain to keep their lifestyle a secret from friends and neighbors.
✓ Voyeurism
V-oyeurism is obtaining sexual arousal by looking at another person’s body. Almost
all children and adolescents pass through this stage when voyeurism is appealing;
this passes with more active sexual expressions.
✓ Sadomasochism
-Sadomasochism involves inflicting pain (sadism) or receiving pain (masochism) to
achieve sexual satisfaction. It is a practice generally considered to be within the
limits of normal sexual expression as long as the pain involved is minimal and the
experience is satisfying to both sexual partners.
● Disorders of Sexual Functioning
✓ Inhibited Sexual Desire
-Lessened interest in sexual relations is normal in some circumstances, such as
after the death of a family member, a divorce, or a stressful job change. The
support of a caring sexual partner or relief of the tension causing the stress allows a
return to sexual interest.
✓ Failure to Achieve Orgasm
-The failure of a woman to achieve orgasm can be a result of poor sexual
technique, concentrating too hard on achievement, or negative attitudes toward
sexual relationships. Treatment is aimed at relieving the underlying cause. It may
include instruction and counselling for the couple about sexual feelings and needs.
✓ Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction (ED), formerly referred to as impotence, is the inability of a
man to produce or maintain an erection long enough for vaginal penetration or
partner satisfaction (Wessells et al., 2007). Most causes of ED are physical, such
as aging, atherosclerosis, or a diabetes, which limit blood supply. It may also occur
as a side effect of certain drugs. (Basson & Schultz, 2007).

✓ Premature Ejaculation
-Premature ejaculation is ejaculation before penile-vaginal contact (Docherty,
2007). The term also is often used to mean ejaculation before the sexual partner’s
 satisfaction has been achieved. Premature ejaculation can be unsatisfactory and
frustrating for both partners.
Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome
-Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome (PSAS) is excessive and unrelenting sexual
arousal in the absence of desire (Mahoney & Zarate, 2007). It may be triggered by
medications or psychological factors. When assessing someone with the orders, be
certain to ask if the person is to ask if the person is taking any herbal remedies
such as Gingko biloba because some of these can have arousal effects.
✓ Pain Disorders
-Because the reproductive system has a sensitive nerve supply, when pain occurs
in response to sexual activities, it can be acute and severe and impair a person’s
ability to enjoy this segment of their life.
✓ Vaginismus
Vaginismus is involuntary contraction of the muscles at the outlet of the vagina
when coitus is attempted that prohibits penile-penetration (Engman & Wijma, 2007).

Responsible Parenthood
• Parenthood
-is the state of being a parent.
-means being a father or mother of the biological child.
-is a great responsibility or task.
-is not a role which can be successfully played on the basis of chance.
-is a status where responsible couples arrive at after making a decision to have a
family.
• Responsible Parenthood
-is the will and ability to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family.
-is the series of decisions couples make to ensure the best possible life for the family
and for the community.
-is the ability of the parents to raise children in the Filipino way and to satisfy the
social, economic, and religious responsibilities of a family.

• Parenting
-include inculcation of values and instilling discipline.
• Duties and Responsibilities of Parents
1. Provide physical care and love
2. Inculcate discipline
3. Develop social competence
4. Provide education
5. Train children to become
good citizens
6. Teach children to be
financially responsible
7. Guide children to grow spiritually
• Family Size
Small Family→Parents and at most two (2) children.
Big Family→Parents and three (3) or more children, and other members.
• Family Structures
-Nuclear families - have parents and at least one child
 -Single parent families - have one parent and at least one child.
-Adoptive families - include one or more children who were born into other families.
-Extended families - include members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
Couples can be families without having children.
-Blended families - are made when two families combine (i.e. two single parents marry)
• Effects of Family Size on Health
-Nutritional Status→The state of the body with respect to each nutrient and to the
overall state of the body weight and condition.
-Morbidity →Exit from a state of physical or psychological well-being, resulting from
disease, illness, injury, or sickness.
-Risk Behaviors →Specific forms of behaviour which are proven to be associated with
increased susceptibility to a specific disease or ill-health.
-Utilization of Health Services→Experience of people as to their receipt of health care
services of different types.