Dwell Setup worksheet

Chapter 1 The Dwell Setup worksheet (fake level in section)

Chapter 1 The Dwell Setup worksheet (fake level in

section)

In This Chapter
Dwell Setup worksheet .......................................................3

Section 1.1 Dwell Setup worksheet

Before entering this worksheet, you must have:

 activated the channels required for the run
 assigned each of them a group identification and at least one of them must
be in the control group
 assigned each channel a unique point identification by editing the visible
channel fields in the Channel Setup worksheet.
The Dwell Setup worksheet enables you to define the dwell frequencies, dwell
parameters and the measurements that are to be taken during the Dwell Control
test.

Click on the print icon in the buttonbar to schedule a print job of a

Word-document containing all the setup parameters of the current section.

Section 1.1.1 [Procedure] To define a dwell setup

Step 1
Click on the “Dwell Setup” tab in the workflow bar (at the bottom of the project
window).
Step 2
Select the “Between dwells” mode in the “Dwell Parameters panel”.
The options are to sweep or to step between two subsequent dwells.
Step 3
Select the required resonance frequencies.
This can be done using different methods:
Step 4
Add more dwell frequencies by repeating this procedure for other data sources
and/or channels.
Step 5
Define the dwell definition using the parameters of dwell criterion, amplitude
and time in the Dwell Overview panel.

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Step 6
For each dwell frequency in the Dwell Overview panel modify, if necessary, the
dwell frequency settings.
Step 7
When stepping between dwells is selected, open if necessary the “Stepped
Dwell setup” dialog, by clicking the Stepped Dwell setup button. Otherwise
continue the procedure at step 9.
Step 8
If necessary, change the sorting of the Dwells in the “Stepped Dwell Setup”
dialog of the “Dwell Order” table.
Step 9
When the dwell table contains multiple dwells at the same frequency and the
mode is set to step between dwells, select the desired behavior for transition
from one to another dwell defined at the same frequency.
Step 10
Modify the dwell control and dwell measurement parameters, if necessary, in
the dwell parameters panel.
Step 11
Select the responses for which accumulated histories are required in the
“Tracked channels” table.
Step 12
Click on the "Dwell Control" tab in the workflow bar (at the bottom of the
project window) to carry out a dwell test.

Section 1.1.1.1 [Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using

Selfcheck results
In order to define dwell frequencies on selfcheck results, a successful selfcheck
has to be performed.
Step 1
In the dwell frequencies panel, set 'Data source' to 'Selfcheck FRF'.
Step 2
Set the channel and reference channel to the required channels.
The corresponding FRF is calculated and shown in the display.
Step 3
Set the number of resonances and modify, if necessary, the other resonance
parameters for finding the resonances.
Immediately, both the display and table are updated. The resonances are
indicated in the display with a cursor and they are also put in the 'identified
resonances' table.
Step 4
Select the required resonances you want to use from the 'identified resonances'

table and push the Copy button.

The selected resonances are added to the 'Dwell overview for InputX:PointX'

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 Chapter 1 The Dwell Setup worksheet (fake level in section)

table and to the 'Dwell Overview' panel.

Step 5
Add more dwell frequencies by repeating this procedure for other data sources
and/or channels.

Section 1.1.1.2 [Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using sine

sweep results
In order to define dwell frequencies on sine sweep results, a successful sine
sweep has to be performed.
Step 1
In the dwell frequencies panel, set 'Data source' to 'Sine sweep: FRF' or 'Sine
sweep: Spectra'.
Step 2
Set the channel and reference channel to the required channels.
The corresponding spectrum or FRF is calculated and shown in the display.
Step 3
Set the number of resonances and modify, if necessary, the other parameters for
finding the resonances.
Immediately, both the display and table are updated. The resonances are
indicated in the display with a cursor and they are also put in the 'identified
resonances' table.
Step 4
Select the required resonances from the 'identified resonances' table and push

the Copy button. The selected resonances are added to the 'Dwell
overview for InputX:PointX' table and to the 'Dwell Overview' panel.
Step 5
Add more dwell frequencies by repeating this procedure for other data sources
and/or channels.

Section 1.1.1.3 [Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using data

from the input basket
Step 1
In the Navigator worksheet, add the required data to the input basket.
Step 2
In the dwell frequencies panel, set 'Data source' to 'Input basket: FRF' or 'input
basket: Spectra'.
Step 3
Set the channel and reference channel to the required channels.
The corresponding spectrum or FRF is calculated and shown in the display.
Step 4
Set the number of resonances and modify, if necessary, the other resonance
parameters for finding the resonances.

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Immediately, both the display and table are updated. The resonances are
indicated in the display with a cursor and they are also put in the 'identified
resonances' table.
Step 5
Select the required resonances from the 'identified resonances' table and push

the Copy button.

The selected resonances are added to the 'Dwell overview for InputX:PointX'
table and to the 'Dwell Overview' panel.
Step 6
Add more dwell frequencies by repeating this procedure for other data sources
and/or channels.

Section 1.1.1.4 To select dwell frequencies using fixed cursor

values
Step 1
In the dwell frequencies panel, modify, if necessary, the 'Data Source'.
Step 2
Set the channel and reference channel to the required channels.
The corresponding spectrum or FRF is calculated and shown in the display.
Step 3
Check the Fixed cursor checkbox and enter a value for the frequency.
A cursor will be shown in the display if a curve is present and the entered
frequency is added to the 'identified resonances' table.
Step 4
Select the row corresponding to the cursor frequency from the 'identified

resonances' table and push the Copy button.

The selected resonance is added to the 'Dwell overview for InputX:PointX' table
and to the 'Dwell Overview' panel.
Step 5
Add more dwell frequencies using fixed cursors by repeating this procedure for
other frequency values and/or channels.
These methods can be mixed in order to select all required dwell frequencies.

Section 1.1.1.5 [Procedure] To sort the dwell table

Sorting the dwell table is only possible if the “Between dwells” option is set to
“step”. In order to sort the dwell frequency table, open the “Stepped Dwell
Setup” dialog. This dialog is scheduled by the Stepped dwell setup button.

Step 1
In the “Stepped Dwell Setup” dialog go to the “Dwell Order” table.
Step 2

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 Chapter 1 The Dwell Setup worksheet (fake level in section)

Select the row with the dwell you want to move.

Step 3
Use the buttons Move Up, Move Down, Move Up begin and Move down
end to move the selected dwell to the desired place in the “Dwell Order” table.
Step 4
Repeat the above steps for other dwells, if needed.
Step 5
Accept the dwell order table by closing the “Stepped Dwell Setup” dialog using
the Done button.

Section 1.1.2 Dwell Frequencies panel

In the Dwell Frequencies panel the resonance frequencies that will be used in
the dwell test are defined.

Section 1.1.2.1 Data parameters

Section 1.1.2.1.1 Data source

Dwell frequencies can only be defined once a selfcheck or a normal swept sine
test has been executed. The Data Source parameter determines which function
the automatic resonance finder uses to find the dwell frequencies.

Selfcheck: FRF
The dwell frequencies are determined on a FRF measured during selfcheck.

Sine control: FRF

The dwell frequencies are determined on a FRF measured during a normal
swept sine test.

Sine control: Spectra

The dwell frequencies are determined on a spectrum measured during a normal
swept sine test

Input basket: FRF

The dwell frequencies are determined on a FRF that is available in the input
basket

Input basket: Spectra

The dwell frequencies are determined on a spectrum that is available in the
input basket

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Section 1.1.2.1.2 Channel

Selects the appropriate response channel that is used by the automatic resonance
finder.

In case spectra are selected in the Data Source parameter, the spectrum of this
channel is shown in the display. The dwell frequencies which are already
defined for this channel are shown in the 'Dwell Overview for InputX:PointX'
table.

In case FRF is selected in the Data Source parameter, a reference channel needs
to be selected.

Section 1.1.2.1.3 Reference Channel

This parameter is only relevant in case the FRF is selected in the Data Source
parameter. It allows you to select the reference channel that is used in the
calculation of the FRF for the automatic resonance finder. The FRF between the
selected channel and this reference channel is calculated and shown in the
display.

Possible choices for the reference channel are: one of the input channels, none
or AvgCtrl. When choosing the AvgCtrl option, the average of the control
channels will be used as a reference channel, while the dwell criterions will be
limited to ‘fixed’ or Amplitude. It is not possible to dwell on phase while
AvgCtrl is chosen as reference channel.

The dwell frequencies which are already defined for this FRF are shown in the
'Dwell Overview for InputX:PointX' table.

Section 1.1.2.2 Resonance parameters

Section 1.1.2.2.1 Number of resonances

The software will indicate the local maxima of the displayed curve. In order to
be considered as a local maximum, the amplitude threshold and gate criteria
have to be fulfilled. The number of resonances indicates the number of local
maxima that are indicated on the displayed curve.

The resonance finder will read out frequency, amplitude and phase of the
different resonances and calculate the corresponding Q. The result is placed in
the 'Identified resonances' table.

Section 1.1.2.2.2 Amplitude threshold

This parameter determines the band in which the obtained peaks can be
considered as real peaks. The threshold is expressed in dB below the highest
value in the curve.

For example: Take an averaged time block with a peak value of 1 g. Choose the
threshold at 6 dB. In this case, the local maxima which have a value less than

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1g/(10^(6/20)) = 0.501g will be ignored, its amplitude being too low to be

considered as a real resonance peak.

Section 1.1.2.2.3 Gate

This parameter determines how much amplitude variation there should be after
a change in direction of the signal in order for the change to be considered as a
peak. The gate is expressed in %.

Section 1.1.2.2.4 Fixed cursor

Ticking this checkbox places a single X cursor at a fixed frequency value in the
display. The required frequency value is entered in the input field alongside.
The frequency, amplitude and phase is read out at the cursor position and the
corresponding Q is calculated. The result is placed in the 'Identified resonances'
table.

Section 1.1.2.3 Data Display

Section 1.1.2.3.1 2D Display

The FRF of the selected pair of channels (Channel and Reference channel) is
displayed in a 2D display window.

Right click with the mouse in or on the display, an axis or a curve, to access the
display options available from the popup menus.

Section 1.1.2.4 Data tables

Section 1.1.2.4.1 Identified Resonances table

This table gives the output of the resonance finder. This is a list of resonance
frequencies with corresponding Amplitude, Phase and Q-factor that are
identified on the curve that is currently displayed.

When the fixed cursor is selected, one more line is added with the values of the
fixed cursor.

Section 1.1.2.4.2 Copy button

Transfers the desired resonances from the list of 'identified resonances' to the
list of 'Dwell overview for InputX:PointX / InputY:PointY'.

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Section 1.1.2.4.3 Delete button

Deletes the selected dwell frequency from the 'Dwell overview for
InputX:PointX / InputY:PointY' list.

Section 1.1.2.4.4 Dwell overview for InputX:PointX table

This table gives a list of the selected resonance frequencies on the current
displayed curve that will be used in the dwell test. This is a list of resonance
frequencies with corresponding Amplitude, Phase and Q-factor.

Frequency
The frequency of the resonance.

Q
The Q-factor is a measure of the damping of the identified resonance. The
Q-factor is calculated with the half power method.

Amplitude
The amplitude of the FRF (spectrum) at the identified resonance frequency

Phase
The phase of the FRF (spectrum) at the identified resonance frequency

Section 1.1.3 Dwell parameters panel

Section 1.1.3.1 Between Runs (selector)

This selector offers two options for the possible behavior between two runs. The
options concern the frequencies defined in the Dwell table.

Section 1.1.3.1.1 Keep Dwell Frequencies

If this option is selected, the Frequencies in the Dwell table will stay unchanged
after a Tracked Sine Dwell measurement.

Section 1.1.3.1.2 Update Dwell Frequencies

If this option is chosen, after a Tracked Sine Dwell measurement, the
frequencies in the Dwell definition table will be changed to the end frequencies
of the corresponding tracked Dwell.

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Section 1.1.3.2 Between Dwells (selector)

This selector allows to choose whether to sweep or to step between subsequent
dwells. If the selector is set to “step” the “Stepped Dwell setup” button is active.

Section 1.1.3.2.1 Sweep

When the “sweep between dwells” option is chosen, the applications sweeps
through the entire defined sweep range during the dwell test.

Section 1.1.3.2.2 Step

When the “step between dwells” option is chosen, the applications steps from
one dwell in the dwell definition table to the next.

Section 1.1.3.3 “Stepped Dwell setup” button

The “Stepped Dwell setup” button is only active when the “Between dwells”
selector is set to “step”. The button schedules the “Stepped Dwell setup” dialog.

Section 1.1.3.3.1 “Stepped Dwell setup” dialog

This dialog is scheduled by the “Stepped Dwell setup” button. It contains two
panels, the “Dwell order” panel and the “Subsequent dwells at the same
frequency” panel.
1.1.3.3.1.1 The “Dwell order” panel
The Dwell order panel allows sorting the dwell table according to the default
sorting rules or to your own desire.
1.1.3.3.1.1.1 Sort Table
When the “Sort table” box is checked, the table is sorted according to the
automatic sorting rules. In this case the sorting buttons are insensitive.
1.1.3.3.1.1.1.1 [Procedure] To sort the dwell table
Sorting the dwell table is only possible if the “Between dwells” option is set to
“step”. In order to sort the dwell frequency table, open the “Stepped Dwell
Setup” dialog. This dialog is scheduled by the Stepped dwell setup button.

Step 1
In the “Stepped Dwell Setup” dialog go to the “Dwell Order” table.
Step 2
Select the row with the dwell you want to move.
Step 3
Use the buttons Move Up, Move Down, Move Up begin and Move down
end to move the selected dwell to the desired place in the “Dwell Order” table.
Step 4
Repeat the above steps for other dwells, if needed.
Step 5

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Accept the dwell order table by closing the “Stepped Dwell Setup” dialog using
the Done button.
1.1.3.3.1.1.2 Move Up
Moves the dwell on the selected row one position up.
1.1.3.3.1.1.3 Move down
Moves the dwell on the selected row one position down.
1.1.3.3.1.1.4 Move Up Begin
Moves the dwell on the selected row to the top of the table.
1.1.3.3.1.1.5 Move down End
Moves the dwell on the selected row to the bottom of the table.
1.1.3.3.1.2 The “Subsequent Dwells at same frequency” panel
This panel contains two checkboxes which allow to choose how the transition
from one to the next dwell at the same frequency will happen.
1.1.3.3.1.2.1 Uninterrupted Excitation between dwells
When this option is selected, the source will stay active while going from one
dwell to the next dwell defined at the same frequency. When this option is
selected, the “Start dwell at end frequency of previous dwell” box is
automatically checked.
1.1.3.3.1.2.2 Start dwell at end frequency of previous dwell
When this box is checked, each dwell will start at the end frequency of the
previous (tracked) dwell defined at the same frequency.

Section 1.1.3.4 Status

Section 1.1.3.4.1 Status indicator

The status indicator shows whether a setup is valid or not. If a setup is not valid,
the status bar will indicate what to change to create a valid one.

Section 1.1.3.5 Control

Section 1.1.3.5.1 Dwell tracking step factor

This factor determines the amplitude of the frequency steps during tracked
dwells. As a side effect, the parameter is also used in determining whether or
not the current frequency can be considered close enough to the target dwell
frequency.

Section 1.1.3.5.2 Dwell delay (cycles)

The number of cycles that the system waits after each change in frequency
before measuring the responses

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Section 1.1.3.6 Measurements

Section 1.1.3.6.1 X-axis

This parameter determines the format of the X-axis of the accumulated response
histories.

Time
The X-axis of the accumulated response histories is in seconds.

Cycles
The X-axis of the accumulated response histories indicates the nr of cycles.

Section 1.1.3.6.2 Max. block size

The maximum blocksize of the accumulated response histories. The
corresponding resolution for each dwell frequency is derived from the dwell
time.
The resolution for the accumulated time (cycle) histories is a priori determined
by the dwell duration (in time or cycles) divided by the maximum blocksize.
The resolution obtained by the above division is rounded up to a preferred
number produced by the R10’ Renard Series.
This ensures a limited set of resolutions which facilitates comparison of dwells
that differ only slightly in duration.

Note: the resolution that will be used during the test is shown in Data table (on
page 14).

Not every line in the accumulated history will receive a value. For example, a
dwell on a relatively low frequency will not produce enough updates per second
to populate an accumulation history with a very fine resolution. Lines that did
not receive a value are removed from the block. In order to be able to
accommodate for this, the resulting blocks have a variable resolution abscissa.

Section 1.1.3.7 Tracked channels table

This table gives the list of response channels for which the amplitude (and
phase in case of harmonic estimates) will be accumulated during each dwell.
The table lists one row for each channel that is activated in the channel list.
Check the channels on for which the accumulated response histories need to be
measured.

Use the checkboxes in the “Measure” column to switch on the accumulation of

response histories.

In the “Accumulation Y Axis” column the quantity for the accumulation can be
chosen. ‘Original’ will keep the quantity of the channel as it is defined in the
channel setup. On channels measuring acceleration, velocity or displacement of
a conversion towards ‘Acceleration’, ‘Velocity’ or ‘Displacement’ can be

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selected.

The average control channel is not listed in this table as this channel is always
tracked and - if possible – it will be accumulated in acceleration, velocity and
displacement.

Section 1.1.4 Dwell overview

Section 1.1.4.1 Data table

This table gives an overview of all selected resonance frequencies on all
channels that will be used in the dwell test.

Frequency
This is the resonance frequency on which the dwell will be performed.

Channel
The response channel (can be a control channel) for which the FRF with the
reference channel will be tracked

Ref Channel
The reference channel for the FRF calculation

Dwell criterion
The algorithm to be used for the dwell control loop. This can be 'Fixed',
'Amplitude' or 'Phase'.

Ref Amplitude (%)

The desired scaling of the Average Control response (and thus of the reference
profile) during dwell. This is expressed as a percentage of the reference profile
amplitude.

Ref Amplitude
Same as “Ref Amplitude (%)”, but now expressed in engineering units instead
of a %.

Dwell Phase
The target phase of the FRF in the dwell control loop.

Dwell Time
The desired time to dwell at (or around) this frequency.

Lower frequency
Together with the Upper frequency this parameter defines the interval in which

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the tracking control can change the frequency in order to respect the desired
Amplitude or Phase criterion. This parameter makes no sense in case of 'Fixed'
criterion.

Upper frequency
Together with the Lower frequency this parameter defines the interval in which
the tracking control can change the frequency in order to respect the desired
Amplitude or Phase criterion. This parameter makes no sense in case of 'Fixed'
criterion.

Q
A measure of the damping of the resonance to track. The value of Q is needed
to determine the step size of the tracking algorithm.

Amplitude
The amplitude of the FRF between response and reference channel at the given
resonance frequency.

Phase
The phase of the FRF between response and reference channel at the given
resonance frequency.

Accumulated trace resolution

The time (or cycle) resolution of the accumulated response histories during the
dwell.

More details on how this resolution is determined from the dwell duration and
the maximum block size can be found in Max. block size (on page 13).

Section 1.1.4.2 Dwell Criteria

The execution of the dwell is very different depending on the criterion of the
dwell frequency: fixed, amplitude or phase.

Section 1.1.4.2.1 Fixed dwell

The fixed dwell criterion is rather straightforward. The dwell control stays at the
dwell frequency for the time defined in the dwell frequency definition and
performs the accumulation of response histories.

Section 1.1.4.2.2 Amplitude tracking

The amplitude-tracking criterion keeps the amplitude of the FRF between the
“Channel” and “Reference Channel” from the dwell frequency at its maximum.
In order to determine the maximum the frequency is changed continuously.

The step size is fixed and calculated.

Before actually applying the frequency step the frequency abort limits are

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checked. If the limits are violated the dwell ends prematurely. The dwell
duration is checked and the accumulation of response histories is performed.

Section 1.1.4.2.3 Phase tracking

The phase tracking criterion keeps the phase of the FRF between “Channel” and
“Reference Channel” from the dwell frequency at the specified value. This will
require changing the frequency.

The step size is calculated.

Before actually applying the frequency step the frequency abort limits are
checked. If the limits are violated the dwell ends prematurely. The dwell
duration is checked and the accumulation of response histories is performed.

This process continues throughout the dwell. As the dwell proceeds and the
structure fatigues, the target frequency corresponding to the target phase may
change, requiring a continuous response and reference channel update be done,
followed by the calculation of a new target frequency.

Section 1.1.5 Status panel

Section 1.1.5.1 Status flag

This field displays the current status of the dwell setup. All required parameters
must be defined and compatible before the dwell control can be started.
Verification is carried out during the setup definition.

Frequency X must be defined between Y and Z

The lower and upper abort frequencies must lie between the minimum and
maximum frequency of the underlying sine sweep.

Define at least one dwell

One dwell at least must be defined.

Enter Dwell time for Dwell at frequency X

There is no dwell time defined. Enter a valid value for the dwell time in the
dwell overview table.

Tracking step factor X should not bring the dwell at frequency

Y outside the lower (upper) abort limit Z
Only after one frequency step the frequency will go outside the frequency abort
limits. Adapt the lower and/or upper frequency abort limits in the dwell
overview table or the dwell tracking step factor in the control panel.

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 Dwell tracking step factor • 12
Index
E
[ Enter Dwell time for Dwell at frequency X •
16
[Procedure] To define a dwell setup • 3
[Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using F
data from the input basket • 5 Fixed cursor • 8
[Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using Fixed dwell • 15
Selfcheck results • 4 Frequency • 9, 13
[Procedure] To select dwell frequencies using Frequency X must be defined between Y and Z
sine sweep results • 4 • 15
[Procedure] To sort the dwell table • 6, 11
G
2
Gate • 8
2D Display • 8
I
A
Identified Resonances table • 9
Accumulated trace resolution • 14 Input basket
Amplitude • 9, 14 FRF • 7
Amplitude threshold • 8 Spectra • 7
Amplitude tracking • 15
K
B
Keep Dwell Frequencies • 10
Between Dwells (selector) • 10
Between Runs (selector) • 10 L
C Lower frequency • 14

Channel • 7, 13 M
Control • 12 Max. block size • 12, 14
Copy button • 9 Measurements • 12
Cycles • 12 Move down • 11
D Move down End • 11
Move Up • 11
Data Display • 8 Move Up Begin • 11
Data parameters • 6
Data source • 6 N
Data table • 12, 13 Number of resonances • 8
Data tables • 9
Define at least one dwell • 16 P
Delete button • 9 Phase • 9, 14
Dwell Criteria • 14 Phase tracking • 15
Dwell criterion • 13
Dwell delay (cycles) • 12 Q
Dwell Frequencies panel • 6 Q • 9, 14
Dwell overview • 13
Dwell overview for InputX R
PointX table • 9 Ref Amplitude • 14
Dwell parameters panel • 10 Ref Amplitude (%) • 13
Dwell Phase • 14 Ref Channel • 13
Dwell Setup worksheet • 3 Reference Channel • 7
Dwell Time • 14 Resonance parameters • 8

17
 S
Selfcheck
FRF • 6
Sine control
FRF • 7
Spectra • 7
Sort Table • 11
Start dwell at end frequency of previous dwell
• 11
Status • 11
Status flag • 15
Status indicator • 11
Status panel • 15
Step • 10
Sweep • 10
T
The • 10, 11
The Dwell Setup worksheet (fake level in
section) • 3
Time • 12
To select dwell frequencies using fixed cursor
values • 5
Tracked channels table • 13
Tracking step factor X should not bring the
dwell at frequency Y outside the lower
(upper) abort limit Z • 16
U
Uninterrupted Excitation between dwells • 11
Update Dwell Frequencies • 10
Upper frequency • 14
X
X-axis • 12

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