cas WEL 1: OF Phonology and Orthography Exercise forthe letters highlighted sraniStE PDE edd —Taiay eae [stone [he OY [Poul 20. '|4.gaehan Eo) [cheekbone e 5. haefde t®o vt [had (‘haved’) a 6. Tr K whether ge ee DE = wuoc | eee © rus [Bi } heart cross, [tere ORE 9. sendan O« D tosend F A, 10. hlehhan ey x bh @ [laugh * Ti. eirice kG k church eek, ota EOF v P pet Tanke ay Tight a Taam (yi y wogreet te A 14 hi mye x Ting. rae 9 kith (=friends) i a E ¥ wey pra Re! e Vv aa aa eas oe Exercise FY &¥ woo Based on your pronunciation of the OE word, can you guess the PDE form? OE PDE OE PDE dig cluid o | 8.cbap can v Ess thax J | Safer AEE ir Sex prt ¥ [10-scip ae 4 bryeg pede | iL gield pew 5. ee ated 12 pie pitel Sem toot Y | 13.cwen quae 7. geong na e T r pug 7 _| i eosan =inst FRONTING: “oS [avy ast yaa) MME FOND 2 AAT MB. cn. tow 7 (gato f AASAULZATION + { casas e| GREW FOLLALED BY) (IME W ex, wraraia » ALO WO 1) SecoND FRONITING = asogisn Catas [o> ae] oS ALD DOPALTMONGLEATION*, Jur a\ ce) aa Wen. star > taeju y jeep so pounce iu 60 + €0 — BREAKING BEY BW cotloued by We HE, CCW BH + BW eououed by wee BIC D> followed by K new BER MH > TB cotlowed by W Ex: waa > wegmparr : bre WEST GErULANIC GEALLATION, (Wousn cjv = veev emert c= 2 Bex: wigau y setter v civ ve.cv >< pos y eden we: ¢ wdempar, & 6 AD se dobloee se poLlouwaol yr (ue tdet Syabal is ae AWE LLGOS e Vi se 7 Mid JOEBOLO Of OI CUgUa HuoAUAYY os IRSTSERROUTING: (LoLg Les) _—__~— a > ao (meets) Eottola by ! Bex. usu Wit > Prge OO: Le wasAEEAMON - ~ 2; > fam ic coununa by “> v o UG1uc ALAA > Pree AMA -A1O . iwreter FIST FHOWTAG ju Luguicntic 66uc MEE > a BEX! UGC starve > cE StU J OFME y Stee SECORDERMOMMING!: (Sle Lael) ne—eeEOeoeTESESerEO SO (em > (ED > EM — Uilllagseotmucs by agils oF SLUG lo vals AL ope,“ ————ens 000 erenKine AMD RETRACTION. fey short By beavs baore LW, IC, cc 7 (SD short I brats Rolore Ly rc, ech, cl,w > B short MM veous be UC w gs wt oo) (1) BW wig MD ey ous bopwe LW > EDce > /ucap /(w-a-1(C)=p ) + uoap > jampau / (W-e-F (CC) R-AK J Weapau FEUD LET C= =F COY F ALO~ = p= = AES HOLL pe W-a-anys Gorn Wey GeELLIQLLic ipltlraigs . AL, CU; AW LO) feo! > ©O VID) uwolowworet a Cast Praeceg by WUC fee! > /eaey Flare it fuel ELLtO / BOLE) boLtig UaHLULOLsed to /s90/ > (BY > fis uous (l- SF 1B vonuarused +0 (SH APBD ws Abr eOWOLY HALLE 7 BRCCLLLIE _LOPOKAKE phowouc fa) + WSS susco ceo OTB sucpereck oo co Lopkthorgeranor. A GaN alo [R= RestoMAION . ola os Actes be 1 Arler eon 5 fy (Eeldro/o. eeuasuUEt wou (REA. es vv > ee Ww wustvorsad Nase eee Kad Rack i hugh “close fis dae Me ee oo Sg n PIt Udal’> e Kucdol a, tes del Sa tol | ALS @ n WY 1 0a low H/Ope, /to". ES Ay c9*| Q! 193.65 Gepejes; GP jus 4 og @ Sack vou + Frawt vel wily eas 2) ALU * TCU ~ MOAR va tock vue © Ww - GIR wou 3 in Ce ———— OSlorarl CL placas og artic Wawwar Zs chorion YN cxceonon 7)1 : velar F WW Le bautran to CE a +tlo cones WAL created =, prilateLt Lege 5g) @ > (siz > /3/ FO [vcsuwe ¢} > [veces ve x ofc ts uhaneriely tox ) @ Ex. satan > sectan Earjarr % cna con LG 7 domme R .u0 & akaHISTORY OF ENGLISH 1 SYNTAX You should create your own user account for the Old English Aerobics website, but in the meantime you can use mine. User ID: Edel Password: Ceas37itt Open the text The Story of Cedmon (nip//awy oldenglehaerabicent/cardmen oho) ‘This page contains an online version of the well-known Old English text The Story of Cedmon, divided into 45 sentences. We will focus on lines (1) to (13), forget about the rest of the text for the moment. In order to complete this activity, please follow these steps: 1. Open the website and read the introduction. 2, Lefi-click on the first word in the text (ie. abbudissan): @ window will open, ‘with a translation of the word into PDE and some important grammatical information. You can do the same thing with the second and the third words: in the text. 3. Once you have become familiar with this hypertextual glossary, please try to translate the text The Story of Cardmon, sentences (1) t0 (13) from Old English into Present-Day English. Your translation should be understandable using correct Present-Day grammar, word-order and vocabulary) but, atthe same time, a literal as possible. Write oe sentence per line, respecting the ‘numbers inthe original text. [Translation (write each sentence of your translation afier the corresponding | sentence number) | a Ql 8) 4 (6) i) | | a) | iaN SERS INGE TY vat 1. Observe the 19 sentences in the Old E main | subordinate DD ENGLISH WORD-ORDER PATTERNS | Total number of senten [IN® of sentences with § N® of sentences with S( cas Ta the exe —| oe Ee (WV patiern ie results in vour table | provide a short interpretation (ess than 100 words) of the eee [iene RA oe eo wrder to do so, use these ses (1-2) in the text (see below). In 0} Analyze syntactically sentenc ic function of each phrase in the text, colours to indicate the syntacti -suBJECT (black) VERB (red) “DIRECT OBJECT (blue) “ADJUNCT (TIME, PLACE...) (green) -NOUN COMPLEMENT (purple) [1] In deosse abbudissan mynstre wees sum brddor syndriglice mid godcundre gife geméred ond geweordad, for bon hé gewunade Gerisenlice 1é0d wyréan pa de to Sfestnisse ond to arfeestnisse belumpen, swa deette sw hwzet swa hé of godcundum stafum purh béceras geleornode, pzt hé after medmiclum feece in scopgereorde mid pa méstan swétnisse ond inbryrdnisse geglengde ond in Engliscgereorde wel geworht forpbrohte.© The Cooturiau o¢ old. Cuglist. Phauology I - , eaeerneernr F BINSEEWOMIR > oucug ce (BER! eee SB) > aay ACS FOLGER BY 25 my Oe / ee, v o_o Pruitiva oC Jud fund 7B! > ea! tel orl = > mm sao} toss BILE cou core (Ue LUE FUEL UC EUSA BOLL Of Ele unr Lou. BBO sh ae on de bor 1 0€ vade va OFns har id, OS VES id, ONG Lae id (2. BASRURAIOUTCE Nou | Sel MB! aussie 4 collouscd by ras uworauts 4 Jace 6 By!(3 Boop eromnERTiC 2 > Wee —eo' ere es Remy excerr. boqore aUoweRt COLUOLIOULES oF WOU Jat 7 > oD IS COLWWUGA by: ee OEE | ~x~eoe- ers" (Ss Tey 3 BB ex. We kat Cory 5 ce Latt Wee Laid Choud y Wettol /) hawka > box ' = ow WEEK GEEK SOULS 2 sy aa Bs > bopere uals seas > Ww)(33200 jou oo ee aoe Spee : \re 10 : eo i eqs WPA y weorpat WQue = rs : j as - la eas Xa neneed on aueodu: Me Be oe ee= Pre-OE Germanic had three contrastive places of articulation for obstn dental tveolar, and velar. There was nothing (phonemic) inte alae-sac area (except /). In a transition to OE a new series was created: palatal cat, cuman, gad velars (before back vowels) ‘cradol, gles, ~ velas (before a consonant) Ki so is tees Cet eo TS yas, (pala before i) 606) 0°) a Se 67% js is what happened), but in * Phonetically this suggests fronting of velars in front contexts (and th a ‘OE we can have a velar before a front eing the result of mutation, or before In other words, front vowels in non-palatalising contents are secondary and not original, This suse tha palatalisation is older than i-mutation. cinn, ofosan, geard += A few problems: 1) what is the phonetic nature ofthis process? /K > ti rather unlikely, so probably first there was an intermediate stage with x becoming [e] a voiceless palatal stop (ike in MnE keel) and the second problem: 2) had /yibecomé /g/ before palatalisation or di this happen later? (this obviously i not an independent issue being part of Grimm's law «IE bh ‘gh’ and Verner’ law acting on /f, 8x! IE /gh didnt become a stop in early Germanic (except after nasal); indeed it stil hasn't in Netherlandic. ‘WGre input Ho wea ol Backness Accomodation a ji Palatal softening ri ineeeaeseerts Hardening = Ay ae OE form cian gieldan 554 + Some Examples /y/ was palatalisod afer front vowels deg /dary/ > day ‘W after front vowels except /(:)pic'piteh, but bee "back’ Medial between back vowels remained unchanged in OE, and weakened to w/in ME, Hence Ma alteration day - dawn from OE dag (de-degung. (doyung} + Additionally, from a historical */y/ which became a stop [] affcr a nasal and in gemination we ‘get /ds/ as a result of palatalisation: sengean singe’ < */sanyjan’, myeg ‘midge’ < */muy 7) Frou vows > 1 1 e f ao Bac voulds y af UlaG Erout 3s bode Vauelh My Mee Py ees —— {ee vous = palate ne 3 in Z : 75 143 204, , myeg 5 myeg a & god Aner Se tl A different sort of palatalisation /ski > /f/ The mechanics are not cleat. Probably /k! > /s/ > /f The reason for his palatalisation is ‘obscure. IK appears in both front and back environments, and before consonants 50 it is not assimilatory, e.g, scinan'shine’ scoff'shovel sscanca ‘shank Occasional failure in back environments, splling due to metathesis, palatalised and non-p. variants of one lexeme appear in one text. A palatalised variant in WS OE isnot always a key tits modem pronunciation. P, was restricted in Northombrian, and still is in Scots kirk vs. church, Allematvely its lack may be due to ‘Scandinavian influence’ or the two things may be quite te same. It is certain in any’ ease tat ‘many words in MnE could not po ly derive from southern OF, WS giefan -give, skirt (OE scyrte gives the doublet shir), guest OF giest, gift OF gift etc. Va S71 @\) Ce) ao VED Foe th 9,05, 24