Asthma Monitoring Mobile Application with Portable Nebulizer Using
Raspberry Pi
Beliya, Nisza P., Casao, Carlo A., Panganiban, Abby Kaye D.
College of Informatics and Computing Sciences, Batangas State University
niszabeliya@gmail.com, carlocasao92@gmail.com, panganiban.abbykaye0618@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study, the researchers aimed to
design and develop asthma monitoring mobile
application using raspberry pi for patients who are
suffering with asthma that could help them assess
their conditions and prevent symptoms. Moreover,
it also aimed to create a prototype design portable
nebulizer using the peak flow meter that would be
an aid whenever they are having an asthma attack.
Qualitative method was used in the study
to create appropriate design and develop mobile
application and prototype design nebulizer. The
researchers conducted several interviews with
asthmatic patients to further know and understand
the difficulty and sufferings of their condition.
Wherein the gathered data helped the researchers in
designing and developing their mobile application.
1. THE PROBLEM
1.1 Introduction
The importance of mobile phones in our everyday
life and doings is unquestionably endless. This is so
because there is the ongoing marvelous change in
that mobile phones are no longer the ordinary
communication device it used to be. It has become
an immense point of consideration for people and
industries alike, courtesy of the numerous
unbelievable features and opportunities that mobile
phones offer. The increasing progress of mobile
technology, the availability and entree to high-speed
internet and the extraordinary communicative line
in these devices result in a whole level of new and
advanced experience mobile computing. This is
made possible through the development of mobile
applications or simply called as mobile apps.
At the present time, all around the world
have the volatile evolution of the mobile application
market has created a vast and complicated set of
alternatives for developers because of an
increasingly important role in everyone’s life.
Consumers are migrating to Smartphone mobile
devices that are Internet-enabled for work and play
and, most importantly, with family, friends, and
colleagues.
With the association of Information
Technology, the researcher decided to design a
mobile application that can help monitor and
manage the asthma condition of the patients. In
addition, Information technology is used in a broad
Based on the findings, it was revealed that
the performance of portable nebulizer and peak flow
meter can be of great help in managing asthma
symptoms and avoiding asthma attacks to happen.
The utilization of mobile application as another tool
for monitoring asthma condition is very necessary
to know what actions needed to be done.
The following recommendation is hereby
proposed: The asthmatic patient should encourage
to use a portable nebulizer and peak flow meter as
first aid. The asthmatic patient must be aware of
asthma monitoring mobile application and install it
to their smartphone. Keeping track of asthma
conditions is one way of preventing asthma attack.
Parallel study should take into consideration on
field of expertise of the respondents and their year
level
vary of fields and one of the upcoming fields is of
Medical Science, which is recognized as Health
Information Technology. Health informatics
equipment comprises computers, clinical
guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and
communication systems.
The current study focuses on asthma
monitoring mobile application. The said ailment
also needed to monitor and manage to avoid any risk
and to prevent the patient from possible danger
when an asthma attack occurs. For everyone’s
additional information, asthma is a chronic lung
disease characterized by inflamed, swollen and
narrowed airways, making breathing difficult.
Although no cure has been found for asthma, it can
be controlled. No one really knows exactly what
causes asthma. Along with this concern, the
proponents proposed a mobile application for
asthma monitoring with the use of peak flow meter
to relieve attacks and prevent future exacerbations
as well. The said mobile application is connected to
the nebulizer.
1.2. Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study was to develop a
mobile application for asthma monitoring.
More specifically, the study aimed to
achieve the following objectives:
1.2.1 To create a prototype design portable
nebulizer using the peak flow meter
1.2.2 To develop a mobile application that
can monitor asthma using a peak flow meter and can
control the nebulizer
 1.2.3 Report analysis of patient’s records; aimed to design and develop mobile application for
and monitoring asthma.
1.2.4 To make a prototype design. The first box includes input of the research,
that comprises the creation of a prototype design
portable nebulizer using the peak flow meter;
1.3 Significance of the Study development of a mobile application that can
The study was concerned primarily on developing a monitor asthma using a peak flow meter and can
mobile application for asthma monitoring using control the nebulizer; report analysis of patient’s
raspberry pi. This study was of great significance to records; and to make a prototype design. The second
the following people: box includes the process, which includes interview
To the patients with asthma, this study to gather data from the respondents that would help
would help them in monitoring and managing their the researchers to have much information about the
conditions and symptoms. The designed and study they are conducting. This instrument will be
developed asthma monitoring mobile application the basis of designing and developing asthma
would serve as first aide for them whenever they are monitoring mobile application, which was the
having an asthma attack. output of this research can be seen in the third box
To the parents or guardians, the present
study would be of great help for them as they can
also monitor the condition of their child with
asthma. The designed and developed mobile Input Process Output
application for asthma monitoring with nebulizer
will also be an aid for them to easily attend to the
needs of their asthmatic child so they can easily
prevent and relieve the symptoms.
To the researchers, this would help them to
develop and design asthma monitoring app that will
probably help the asthmatic patient to relieve and
prevent symptoms whenever having asthma attacks.
This study will also equip them with knowledge in
the field of Medical Sciences in relation of
Information Technology that they can use if they
will be given an opportunity to work in the said field
in the future.
To the future researchers who would
conduct a similar study, the findings would serve as
a guide to them to further develop their studies.

1.4 Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This Mobile Application with Portable Nebulizer
using raspberry pi is designed to monitor the peak
expiratory flow of the patient or users. Giving and
keeping the result which is where the details are
recorded what date, time and result that can be track
1.6 Definition of Terms
The following terms are conceptually and
and review by the users. This mobile application-
operationally defined for a better understanding of
controlled nebulizer to know the dosage of the
the concept, background, and context of the study.
medicine put on the nebulizer by estimating the
input result from the peak flow meter, weight, and
1.6.1 Mobile Application. This consists of
age of the users.
software or a set of programs that runs on a mobile
However, the mobile application needs the
device and perform certain tasks for the user
use of internet and does not recommend any type of
(Mazumder, 2010). In this study, it is the proposed
medicine to take for the user to treat asthma. It only
tool in monitoring the asthma condition of the
gives results, tracking records, and controlling the
patient.
nebulizer. It is a personal device only for users or
1.6.2Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. It is the
patients who have diagnosed with asthma, not for
maximum flow rate generated during a forceful
hospital use.
exhalation, starting from full lung inflation
(Neuspiel, 2018). In this future system, the Peak
1.5 Conceptual Framework Expiratory Flow is the one to measure using a peak
The conceptual framework provides an overview of flow meter and our propose mobile application.
the development of the research. The researchers
 1.6.3 Peak Flow Meter. It is a small hand- Moreover, if the adult’s PEFR ranges from
held device that measures how fast a person can air 270 to 420 showed that the patient is in ‘CAUTION
of the lungs when there is forceful exhalation, after ZONE, and for the child, the patient is 110-150
maximum inhalation (Adeniyi and Erhabor, 2011). PEFR. The sign for ‘DANGER ZONE’ for the child
In this study, it is the tool that is used to measure the patient is 100 and below PEFR, which almost
Peak Expiratory Flow or a person's maximum speed doubles for the adult that is 150-260 PEFR. This
of expiration by breathing on it and which could figure presented the variation of peak expiratory
indicate a worsening of symptoms of asthma. It is flow and peak flow rate between adult and child
useful in detecting changes in a person's airway. asthmatic patients that is associated with the three
1.6.4 Raspberry pi. It is a series of small different color zones.
single-board computers developed in the United
Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to Adult Child
promote the teaching of basic computer science in 80 percent to
schools and in developing countries (Reddy, 2017). 430 – 100 percent 160 – Indicates
In this project, it is used as one of the hardware in 800 of usual peak 300 “GO ZONE”
the mobile application designed. PEFR flow rate PEFR
indicates
“GO ZONE”
2. RESEARCH METHODS AND 50 to 80
PROCEDURES 270 – percent of 110 – Indicates
420 usual peak 150 “CAUTION
2.1 PROJECT CONCEPT PEFR flow rate PEFR ZONE”
indicates
The proposed project focuses on the patient who has
“CAUTION
asthma using a mobile application and portable
ZONE”
nebulizer. Through the use of this application, it
could give aid to the patient to monitor their Less than 50
condition and manage the right dosage of medicine 150 – percent of 100 Indicates
to be taken base on the age, weight, and also the 260 usual peak below “DANGER
result of the user’s peak flow meter. PEFR flow PEFR ZONE”
There were three color codes in each zone indicates
that indicates the level of symptoms of the asthmatic “DANGER
patients. Once the asthmatic patients blew on the ZONE”
peak flow meter, and input the result obtained will
Figure 1. Table of PEFR
be recorded immediately in the user's mobile
application. If the result of the patient fell into the
Ventolin and Asthmalin are the two
green zone which has 80 percent to 100 percent, that
medicines prescribed to use by the patient in this
means the patient's condition is still in normal zone.
project. The suggested dosage for children which is
The asthma attack is still under control and has
2 to 12 years old are 2.5mg and for 13 years old and
probably no risk signs.
above, the advised dosage is 5mg. Children need an
On the other hand, if the result fell into the approximate weight to give the right dosage.
yellow zone which was equivalent to 50 percent to
80 percent it implies that the state of the asthmatic Approximate Approximate Dose Volume
person was getting worse or in ‘WORSE ZONE’ Weight Weight of
already. Furthermore, if the result is in the red zone (kg) (lb) (mg) Inhalation
which has less than 50 percent, this meant that the Solution
patient is already in danger. This specifies the needs 10-15 22-33 1.25 0.25 mL
of the medical emergency of the patient. If the >15 >33 2.5 0.5 mL
patient is in ‘DANGER ZONE’ they should be
strictly recommended to use a nebulizer medication.
Table 1 showed the peak expiratory flow Figure 2 Table of Approximate Weight of Children
between adult patients and child asthmatic patient.
If the adult asthmatic patient has 430-800 PEFR this Table 2 exhibited the approximate weight
implied that 80 percent to 100 percent of usual peak in kilograms and pounds of the children with
flow rate which indicated the ‘GO ZONE’. This regards to the age and the right dosage that the
inferred that the patient is still safe. On the other children should take. If the child weighted 10 to 15
side of the coin, the child asthmatic patient has a kilograms or 22 to 33 pounds the right dose is 1.25
lower peak expiratory flow than of the adult. The mg and the inhalation solution is 0.25 mL. In
indication of the ‘GO ZONE’ for the child asthmatic addition, if the child has a heaviness of more than
patient is 160-300 PEFR. 15 kgs, the accurate dosage is 2.5 mg and the
inhalation solution is 0.5 mL. This figure unveiled
that the patient or the parents or guardians of the
patients should follow the correct dose of medicines
to avoid overused or overdosage. They must also
aware that the medicines they are going to take are
safe and from the prescription of the physician.
2.2 Development Model
The agile model stated that every project needs to
be handled differently and the existing methods
needed to be tailored to best suit the project
requirements. In Agile model, the task was divided
into time boxes (small time frames) to deliver
specific features or a release.
In addition, agile is a combination of
iterative and incremental process models with a
focus on process adaptability and customer
satisfaction by rapid delivery of working software
products. Agile methods broke the product into
small incremental builds. These builds provide
iterations. Each iteration typically lasted from about
one to three weeks.
Figure 3. Agile Model
Figure 3 showed the illustration of the
Agile Model. The Agile Model consisted of 6
phases: planning, requirement analysis, design,
coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing. The
first phase of the agile method was planning. In this
phase, the researcher gathered the information
needed in this project in order to build the desired
system. Hence, to apply peak flow meter into our
application, the researchers gathered information
from the other research that was previously done
and completed. The collected related studies helped
us visualize the process and development of the
system.
The second phase of this model is
requirement analysis. This is the method of defining
the potentials of the users for an application that is
to be built or modified. It involved all the
responsibilities that were conducted to find the
needs of different participants. Therefore,
requirements analysis meant to analyze, document,
validate, and manage software or system
requirements. In this stage, the researchers obtained
all specific requirements in order to build the app
and prototype for the hardware.
The next phase is the design. At this point,
the obtained amassed information from the first
phase and from the requirement specifications was
joined in order to decipher what output is going to
be developed. This stage is very necessary to know
and to decide what particular structure of the plan
should the researcher apply. Designing also played
an important role to accomplish the fourth phase
which is the coding.
Additionally, coding is considered the
most essential phase in the development of the
mobile application. Coding is the process of using a
programming language to get a computer to behave
how the developer or programmer wanted it to.
Every line of code tells the computer to do
something, and a document full of lines of code is
called a script. Each script is designed to carry out a
job. This job might be to take an image and change
its size. In this part, the chosen algorithm in the
developing of the app is utilized. In order to apply
the algorithm correctly, good planning and
designing were required. The coding is the longest
part of software development.
Unit Testing is the fifth phase. In unit
testing, the system was tested, and the hardware has
been built. It is a level of software testing where
specific parts or components of the software are
verified. The purpose was to validate that each piece
of the software performs as designed. A unit is the
smallest testable part of any software. To ensure that
no errors are present, and all the commands and
output were all correct, unit testing must be done.
To ensure that the system is fit to use, it needed to
pass the said unit testing.
The last method was acceptance testing. In
this stage, it is the same as the unit testing but it was
tested to make sure that the system fits the business
where it is applied. Hence, acceptance testing is a
level of software testing where a system is tested for
acceptability. The purpose of this test was to
evaluate the system’s compliance with the business
requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for
distribution.
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram
2.3 Application Analysis and Design
In this segment, the proponents studied the problem,
proposed, and explained various solutions for the
current and the developed system. This served as the
step-by-step process of the study in order to a
developed high-quality project.
2.4 Analysis of the Current System
Asthma Monitoring using Peak Flow Meter helped
the patient to monitor their PEF rate and the zone
level of their condition, so the patient, as well as the
parents and guardians, can monitor and manage the
condition and understand how their asthma changed
during the day or over a longer period of time. In
this mobile application, after the user blew to the
peak flow meter and input a PEF result, the
application displayed the PEF rate outcome. Then,
a graphic marker showed– green, yellow, or red.
The green indicates ‘GO ZONE’, yellow signposts
‘CAUTION ZONE’ and red designates ‘DANGER
ZONE’. After that, the result data will be saved.
This study can be of great help to the
asthmatic person adult or children. This can be
served as first aid to them so that, those patients
would be aware of what they should do when risk
incidents came or even to avoid any danger. That
was the reason why the proponents came up in
developing the mobile application entitled ‘Asthma
Monitoring Mobile Application with Portable
Nebulizer using Raspberry Pi’ for monitoring the
patient condition, more importantly, to prevent an
asthma attack.
2.5 Application Requirements
This proposed application has two major
requirements: the hardware and the software which
were shown in the following tables.
Table 1. Hardware Requirements
Hardware Specification
Raspberry pi Raspberry Pi 3 B+
SD Card 16gb Sandisk Ultra 16 GB
Gravity Relay 10A DF Robot Gravity
Relay 10A
Nebulizer 5v Portable Nebulizer
Peak Flow Meter Omron Manual Peak
Flow Meter
Raspbian Operating System
Table 1 exhibited the hardware
requirements. These include the raspberry pi, SD
Card 16gb, Gravity Relay 10A, Nebulizer, Peak
Flow Meter, and the Raspbian which served as the
operating system.
Table 2. Software Requirements
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Python Programming Language
for Hardware
JAVA Programming Language
for android
My SQL Database
Table 2 presented the software
requirements. These include the python which is the
programming language for hardware. Next is the
java, it is the programming language for android.
And thirdly, My SQL which is the database used in
the application.
2.4 Overview of Peak Flow
A peak flow meter is an inexpensive, portable,
handheld device for those with asthma that was
used to measure how well air moves out of
the lungs. Measuring the peak flow using this meter
was an important part of managing the asthma
symptoms and preventing an asthma attack.
Through this simple device, the patients together
with their parents and guardian will be able to
monitor the condition and would be able to give first
aid if needed.
The peak flow meter worked by measuring
how fast air comes out of the lungs when the
asthmatic person exhales forcefully after inhaling
fully. This measure was called a ‘peak expiratory
flow’, or PEF. Keeping track of the patient’s PEF
was considered one way to know if the symptoms
of asthma are in control or worsening.
After the user blew air to the peak flow
meter and input a result from the peak flow meter,
the app will automatically take the reading, then the
result will display on the screen. This measures the
speed and how well the air blown out through the
lungs.
Saving the result is important to view the
previous PEF outcome of the test and to track it.
This also allowed the user to compare the recent
result to the previous result of PEF. Managing and
monitoring asthma was an important part to prevent
the asthma attack and help to control and avoid it.
2.5 The user of the Application
Through the advent of modern technology,
everything seemed possible now. There were
countless inventions with regard to the things that
can make life easier and less tiring. New things,
gadgets, can be seen already everywhere. Even the
younger ones already knew how to use or
manipulate these so-called modern gadgets. One of
the instances is in the field of medicines. There were
many inventions that can possibly treat patients.
Moreover, there are mobile games and applications
that can ease the boredom of the people.
That is why the researchers came up with
this project. The proponents used the concept of the
mobile application for monitoring the asthma
condition of the patients. This mobile application
was completely and wholly designed for patients
who are suffering from asthma. This can be served
as a guide to monitor their condition. Also, to attend
to their needs when they are having or experiencing
an asthma attack. The said mobile application can
also give awareness for the users or patients about
their condition as well as the right dosage of
medicine should take.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF
PROTOTYPE,
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Figure 5. Log In
This chapter presents the scientific generalization of
the conducted study. This also includes actual It shows to Log In the mobile application. The user
observations during the development of the project. must enter their username and password to login to
The study aims to create a prototype design the system.
of a portable nebulizer using the peak flow meter.
The researchers believed that this can be of great
help for the asthma patient to easily monitor and
manage their condition. As to everyone’s
knowledge, nebulizers are particularly effective in
delivering asthma medications to infants and
children as well as to anyone who has difficulty
using an asthma inhaler. This is the reason why the
researchers came up to create a prototype design of
a portable nebulizer.
On the other hand, one of the useful
devices that can help the asthmatic patient to
monitor their asthma symptoms is the peak flow
meter. It is an inexpensive, portable, handheld
device for those with asthma. Peak flow meter is
used to measure how well air moved out from the
patient’s lungs. Measuring the asthmatic person’s
peak flow is an important part of managing asthma
symptoms and preventing an asthma attack.
To measure the peak flow needed by the
patient, they need to blow on the meter forcefully.
This works by measuring how fast air comes out of
the lungs when the patient exhale hardly after
inhaling fully. The result is called a “peak
expiratory flow” or “PEF”. The patient will input Figure 6. Register
the PEF result to the mobile application that was
programmed only to keep track of their asthma Figure 6 shows if the patient does not have
condition and to know if they needed to use the an account yet he or she needed to register. The user
portable nebulizer and what dosage of prescribed must enter the username, password, full name, age,
medicine they needed to take. and weight.
The images below is the mobile
application designed and programmed to use for
keeping track asthma.
 Figure 7. Input PERF
This figure shows that the user must input
their PERF to the application before starting the
nebulizer.
Figure 8. Result
This Figure shows the result of the PERF
the user input. The result has 3 Color zone Green
Zone(Normal) Yellow Zone(Worst) and Red
Zone(Danger). And if the result reaches the yellow
and red zone the mobile application recommends
the user to use the portable nebulizer.
Figure 9. History Result
This figure shows the history result of the
patient. The patient can review the past result.
4. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Summary of Findings
The findings from the tests that were conducted
showed the following:
4.1.1 After a series of gathering data, the
researchers found out that the performance of
portable nebulizer and peak flow meter can be of
great help in managing asthma symptoms and
avoiding asthma attack to happen. Keeping track of
the asthma conditions of the patients can be an aid
in preventing the case from worsening.
4.1.2 The utilization of mobile application
as another tool for monitoring asthma condition is
very necessary to know what actions needed to be
done whether the patient needed to use the portable
nebulizer or not. This application can also suggest
the right dosage of medicine the patient needed to
take.
4.1.3 Once the patient created an account
to the asthma monitoring mobile application and
input their PEF result, it will be easier for them to
monitor their condition. They can see if the
condition is getting better or worsening.
4.1.4 The portable nebulizer needed to be
recharged fully every after use and make sure that
the internet connection is always strong to use the
devices effectively. The prototype designed
portable nebulizer and the asthma monitoring
mobile application needed to be connected to the
WiFi.
4.2 Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusions were drawn:
4.2.1 The portable nebulizer and peak flow
meter are effective devices in monitoring asthma
symptoms. The researchers proposed these devices
as first aid for the asthmatic patients in managing
and preventing asthma warning signs and asthma
attacks.
4.2.2 As the advent of mobile applications
nowadays, many people are using different apps in
various reasons and means. The development of
asthma monitoring mobile application can help the
patient in keeping track the asthma condition
successfully. They can see if their asthma is getting
better or getting worse. From there, the asthmatic
person will be able to know what to do once the
asthma attack occurred.
4.2.3 The user must always input the PEF
result to the asthma monitoring mobile app
whenever there is a need to use it so that, they can
check and compare the previous result to the current
one.
4.2.4 The location of the users must have a
strong internet connection as the proposed asthma
monitoring devices needed to use internet. From
creating an account to the asthma monitoring
mobile application to inputting the PEF results
required the connection of internet.
4.3 Recommendations
From the aforementioned findings and conclusions,
the following recommendations are hereby given:
4.3.1 Asthmatic patient should encourage
to use or to own a portable nebulizer and peak flow
meter as first aid in monitoring and managing
asthma conditions.
4.3.2 Asthmatic patient must be aware of
the asthma monitoring mobile application and
install it to their smart phone therefore, it can help
in monitoring and managing the asthma.
4.3.3 Keeping track asthma condition is
one way of preventing asthma attack, thus a
thorough and consistent recording of PEF result in
the monitoring mobile application is a must.
4.3.4 User must utilize a strong internet
connection as these asthma monitoring devices
required the use of internet.
4.3.5 Researchers may check the
effectivity of the study through conducting a
follow up study.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to extend our deepest
gratitude to our parents: Mr. and Mrs. Beliya, Mr.
and Mrs. Casao, and to Mr. and Mrs. Panganiban
for helping and providing moral and financial
support they gave us. We are also thankful to Ms.
Khatherine Puertellano, Registered Pharmacist for
providing enough knowledge about the dosage of
medicines. Furthermore, to Ms. Lovely Rose
Hernandez, for her unending guidance and support
and for pushing us to do our best all throughout this
journey. We will always remember her part in this
journey. Also, to our respondents for their time in
interviews and willingness to collaborate to the
study. And above all, to Almighty God, the ultimate
source of strength, for giving us knowledge and
courage for the completion of this study.