Instructional Module in Academic Writing: CSTC College of Sciences Technology and Communication, Inc

CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420
Instructional Module in Academic Writing
Preliminaries
I. Module Number 1
II. Module Title The Paragraph
In this module, you will become acquainted with the

basics of academic writing along with other important
subtopics. Hence, you will begin understanding the concept
III. Brief Introduction of academic writing, itself, organization, capitalization,
sentence structure, and the writing processes. Try to keep
your focus in every detail you will be encountering in order
to fully comprehend the subsequent modules.
At the end of this module, the students are expected

to:
1. Identify the concept of academic writing.
2. Rewrite paragraphs by observing proper
capitalizations.
3. Arrange sentences by applying the learned
IV. Module Outcomes concepts in paragraph organizations.
4. Understand the basics in paragraph formatting.
5. Identify the different sentence structures such as
simple sentences, subject-verb agreement and
fragments.
6. Identify the different writing processes such as
prewriting, organizing, writing, and polishing.
Lesson Number 1
The Concept of Academic Writing, Paragraph
Lesson Title
Organization and Format, and Capitalization
Understanding the concept of academic writing is a no

easy thing especially when it has to be applied in real life
settings. Not all people who are capable to speak fluently
and effectively can create weighty or technically appropriate
texts. Though writing is easier than speaking because in the
former, you can still plan out, yet still it requires solid
Brief Introduction to the
understanding.
Lesson
One of the reasons why a lot of people find writing
essays, reflective journals, or any sort of related subjective
texts challenging was probably due to insufficient or weak
foundation in the English grammar. This is the very reason
why we must see understanding the basics a significant
prerequisite.
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Write a 150-200-worded paragraph and apply the
learned concept in paragraph formatting.
2. Rewrite sentences observing proper capitalization.
3. Organize sentences chronologically by observing
Lesson Objectives
proper paragraph organization.
4. Apply the learned concepts in proper capitalization
by rewriting a paragraph.
5. Reflect on relevant learning experiences by
providing short reflective responses.
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Lesson Proper
Getting Started
Directions: Take a look at the two words posted below. Share anything and everything that
came to your mind the moment you see them. Write your response on the box provided.
mary Mary
I. Introduction / Discussion of Content (Including processing of content & suggested

activities)
WHAT IS ACADEMIC WRITING?

Academic writing is the kind of writing used in high school and college classes. Academic
writing is different from creative writing, which is the kind of writing you do when you write
stories. It is also different from personal writing, which is the kind of writing you do when you
write letters or e-mails to your friends and family. Creative writing and personal writing are
informal, so you may use slang, abbreviations, and incomplete sentences. However, academic
writing is formal, so you should not use slang or contractions. Also, you should take care to write
complete sentences and to organize them in a certain way.
Academic writing in English is probably different from academic writing in your native
language. The words and grammar and also the way of organizing ideas are probably different
from what you are used to. In fact, the English way of writing may seem clumsy, repetitive, and
even impolite to you. Just remember that it is neither better nor worse than other ways; it is just
different.
ORGANIZATION
A paragraph is a group of related statements that a writer develops about a subject. The
first sentence states the specific point, or idea of the topic. The rest of the sentences in the
paragraph support that point.
Paragraph Organization refers to the way sentences are ordered and structured to create
a unified and cohesive body of text. The principal features to consider in paragraph organization
are the topic sentence and controlling idea, supporting details, organizational patterns,
and signal words. Together, these features progress a topic and idea from one point to the
next, logically and fluidly.
Along with having topic sentences and supporting details, paragraphs are also organized to
achieve a certain purpose. However, just as a paragraph can contain different types of
supporting details, a paragraph may also include more than one organizational pattern. Listed
here are some common patterns for organizing a paragraph:
1. Cause and Effect - for showing how one thing leads to another
2. Chronological Order - for narrating events that occurred over time
3. Classification - for grouping things together according to their features
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4. Compare and Contrast - for showing how things are similar or different
5. Definition and Example - for defining a term or idea then expanding it with examples
6. Description - for listing details
7. Episode - for presenting details or information about a specific event or anecdote
Paragraph Format
When you handwrite a paper, make it look like this:
1. Paper - use 81/2-inch-by-11-inch lined, three-hole paper. The three holes

should be on the left side as you write. Write on one side of the paper only.
2. Ink - use black or dark blue ink only.
3. Heading - write your full name in the upper left corner. On the next line,
write the course number. On the third line of the heading, write the date the
assignment is due in the order month-day-year with a comma after the day.
4. Assignment Title - centre the title of your paragraph on the first line.
5. Body – skip one line, and start your writing on the third line. Indent (move
to the right) the first sentence half inch from the left margin.
6. Margins - leave 1 inch margin on the left and right sides of the paper.
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When you type a paper, make it look like this:
1. Paper - use 81/2-inch-by-11-inch white paper.

2. Font - use a standard font, such as Times New Roman. Do not use
underlining, italics, or bold type to emphasize words. It is not correct to do
so in academic writing. Use underlining or italics only when required for
titles of books and some other publications.
3. Heading - type your full name in the upper left comer half inch from the
top of the page. On the next line, type the course number. On the third line
of the heading, type the date the assignment is due in the order month-day-
year with a comma after the day.
4. Assignment Title - skip one line, and then centre your title. Use the
centering icon on your word processing program.
5. Body - skip one line, and start typing on the third line. Use the TAB key
to indent (move to the right) the first line of the paragraph. (The TAB key
CAPITALIZATION
It is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters in
lowercase. Experienced writers are stingy with capitals. It is best not to use them if there is any
doubt.
CAPITALIZATION RULES
The following are the most important rules for capitalization in English.
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RULE EXAMPLE
1. The first word in a sentence My best friend is my dog.
2. The pronoun / He and I never argue.
3. Abbreviations and acronyms formed USA IBM AIDS
from the first letters of words UN VW CBS
4. All proper nouns. Proper nouns include
a. Names of deities God Allah Shiva
b. Names of people and their titles Mr. and Mrs. John Smith
President George Washington
BUT NOT a title without a name my math professor, the former prime
minister
Note: Some writers capitalize titles The president (or President) will speak to
such as president and prime minister the nation on television tonight.
when they clearly refer to one person
c. Names of specific groups of people Asian Japanese Muslim

(nationalities, races, and ethnic Caucasian Indian Hispanic
groups), languages, and religions
d. Names of specific places on a map New York City North Pole

Indian Ocean Main Street
e. Names of specific geographic areas the Middle East Eastern Europe
BUT NOT the names of compass Drive east for two blocks, and then turn
directions south.
f. Names of days, months, and special Monday Independence Day

days January Ramadan
BUT NOT the names of the seasons spring, summer, fall (autumn), winter
g. Names of specific structures such as Golden Gate Bridge Aswan High Dam
buildings, bridges, dams, monuments the White House Taj Mahal
h. Names of specific organizations State Department Bank of Canada

(government agencies, businesses, Harvard University New York Yankees
schools, clubs, teams) French Students Club
Red Cross
i. Names of school subjects with Business Administration 312

course numbers Chemistry 101
BUT NOT names of classes without chemistry French literature

numbers, except languages
j. First, last, and all important words in War and Peace Three Little Pigs
the titles of books, magazines, Toronto Star Paris Match
newspapers, plays, films, stories, Jingle Bells Indiana Jones and
songs, paintings, statues, television the Temple of Doom
programs
Note: Italicize (or underline) titles of

books, magazines, newspapers, plays,
and films.
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II. Application
Paragraph Format:
Directions: Write a paragraph 150 to 200 word-long introducing yourself to your teacher and
classmates. Use the model paragraph "Introducing Myself' as a guide. Make sure your
paragraph is in the correct format. Use the following questions as a basis for your writing. Add
other information if you wish. Use an extra sheet for your output then attach it to the
module.
What is your name? Tell about jobs that you have had in the past
Where were you born? or that you have now.
Tell a little bit about your family. Why are you learning English?
What languages do you speak? What is your goal or your dream?
Where did you go to school? Do you have any special talents?
Rubrics:
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1
11-6
Aspect (Excellent (Good to (Adequate (Not college
(Unacceptable)
to Good) Adequate) to Fair) work level)
Organization
Content
Grammar
Punctuation,
Spelling, and
Mechanics
Style and
Quality of
Expression
Capitalization:
Directions: Rewrite the following sentences to make it correct. Observe the proper
capitalization. Write your answers on the space provided before each number.
1. her major is business.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. thanksgiving is a holiday in both canada and the united states, but it is celebrated on different
days in the two countries.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. it is celebrated on the fourth thursday in november in the united states and on the second
monday in october in canada.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. istanbul is a seaport city in turkey.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. greenhills college is located in boston, massachusetts.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. i am taking four classes this semester: american history, sociology 32, economics 40, and a
computer science course.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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7. i read a good book last weekend by ernest hemingway called the old man and the sea.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. my roommate is from the south, so she speaks english with a southern accent.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
9. the two main religions in japan are buddhism and shintoism.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. philippines was known as the pearl of the east.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
III. Assessment & Reflection
Organization
Directions: Organize the following sentences chronologically to make the thought correct and
complete.
1. A. Imagine for a moment that an unknown animal had been discovered deep in the jungles of
South America.
B. What does it look like? What are its winning characteristics?
C. Take a paper now and draw it, making some notes about your sketch.
D. It is destined to replace the dog and the cat in popularity as a domestic pet during this
century.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A. After examining him, the doctor smiled at him mischievously and took out a syringe.
B. Thinking that he was really sick, his father summoned the family doctor.
C. That day, Mintu wanted to take a day off from school.
D. Immediately, Mintu jumped up from his bed and swore the he was fine.
E. Therefore; he pretended to be sick and remained in bed.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. A. The block or slab rock is usually used for building.

B. The rocks may be quarried as solid blocks or slabs, or as crushed and broken stone.
C. Crushed rock is most often used for roadbeds.
D. Quarrying is the process by which rock materials are removed from the ground.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. A. A tobacco leaf is cured by heat, air or sun.

B. The purpose of this is to dry the leaf and bring out the proper color.
C. In flue–curing, green leaves are hung in small insulated barns that are heated by flues.
D. After harvesting, the tobacco must be cured.
E. Stalk–cut tobacco is air cured.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. A. They also inflated balls of larger sizes with which they played a kind of football and
other kicking games.
B. Some early people wove reeds into rounded shapes.
C. Later, generations of Greeks and Romans added a new idea – air.
D. A blown up leather ball called a follis was used in games of catch.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Capitalization
Directions: Below is a sample paragraph in which proper capitalizations were not properly
observed. Rewrite it to make the whole statement correct.
a future businessman
i would like to introduce my classmate roberto sanchez. he is from the beautiful island
of puerto rico in the caribbean sea. roberto is twenty-one years old. he was born in san
juan, the capital city. his native language is spanish. he studied english in elementary
school and in high school, too. roberto comes from a large family. he has three older
brothers and two younger sisters. he likes to play the electric bass. he and some friends
have a small band. sometimes they play on saturday nights at the fantasia club on
fourth street in downtown san jose. baseball is his favorite sport. the san francisco
giants are his favorite team. now he is studying english at greenhills college. in
september of next year, he will begin to study business and computer science at a
university. after graduation, he wants to work for a large tech company such as intel or
ibm.
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Write your response here:
Rubrics:
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

11-6
(Unacceptable)
Capitalization
Punctuation,
Spelling, and
Mechanics
Neatness
REFLECTION
Directions: Read and reflect on the following statements.
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

11-6
Aspect (Excellent to (Good to (Adequate (Not college
(Unacceptable)
Good) Adequate) to Fair) work level)
Content
Grammar
Neatnes
s
1. Is understanding academic writing important? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you think your knowledge in this lesson will benefit you in your future undertakings?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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3. Sum up you overall understanding in note more than 100 words.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
IV. Enrichment
Directions: Recall one of your happiest encounters in life. Try to pick up all the memories and
form it into a short essay. Make sure to take focus on proper paragraph organization and
capitalization. Limit your word count to 200 only.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Rubrics:
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

11-6
(Unacceptable)
Organization
Capitalization
Punctuation,
Spelling, and
Mechanics
Neatness
V. References
(n.d.). Retrieved from University of Leeds:
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing#:~:text=Show%20all
%20contents-,Contents,long%20sentences%20and%20complicated%20vocabulary.
The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/paragraphs/
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Engchanted Learning. (2018). Retrieved from

https://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/punctuation/
GrammarBook.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/capital.asp
Kaplan University Writing Center. (2011, September). Retrieved from
http://www.montereysat.com/uploads/5/1/5/3/51535499/the_topic_sentence_and_paragraph
_organizationrev.pdf
Lexico. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.lexico.com/grammar/punctuation
Mt. San Antonio College. (2019, September 3). Retrieved from The Writing Center:
https://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/dlas/narrative_and_descriptive_paragraphs_dla_09-03-
19.pdf
Nordquist, R. (2020, June 6). Though Co. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/model-
descriptive-paragraphs-1690573
Olson, D. R. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/writing
Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2007). Introduction to Academic Writing . Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street,
White Plains, NY 10606: Pearson Education, Inc.
Simple Sentences. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://schools.misd.org/upload/page/0747/Lesson%2012%20-
%20Simple%20Sentences.pdf
SUU Writing Center. (2016, May 17). Retrieved from https://www.suu.edu/hss/writingcenter/pdf/tip-
sheets/prepositional-phrases.pdf
Topnotcher. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://topnotcher.ph/paragraph-organization-practice-test/
Writing at CSU. (2020). Retrieved from https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?
pageid=555&guideid=29#:~:text=Organization%20in%20writing%20is%20how,affects%20how
%20readers%20interpret%20ideas.
Writing Lab. (2009). Retrieved from https://www.american.edu/provost/academic-
access/upload/paragraph-unity-and-coherence.pdf
Your Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from Example Articles and Resources:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/
Your Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/sentences/compound-
sentences.html
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
MARIA ROWENA B. SOLOMON,PhD. JOHN MARC R. MENDOZA, MAEd, MLIS

Faculty Instructor Program Head, School of Teacher Education
Validated by: Approved by:
JENIFFER OESTAR, Ph.D. JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

Internal Validator, English Vice President of Academic Affairs External

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CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND

Instructional Module in Academic Writing

In this module, you will become acquainted with the

At the end of this module, the students are expected

Understanding the concept of academic writing is a no

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

I. Introduction / Discussion of Content (Including processing of content & suggested

WHAT IS ACADEMIC WRITING?

1. Paper - use 81/2-inch-by-11-inch lined, three-hole paper. The three holes

When you type a paper, make it look like this:

1. Paper - use 81/2-inch-by-11-inch white paper.

a. Names of deities God Allah Shiva

c. Names of specific groups of people Asian Japanese Muslim

d. Names of specific places on a map New York City North Pole

e. Names of specific geographic areas the Middle East Eastern Europe

f. Names of days, months, and special Monday Independence Day

h. Names of specific organizations State Department Bank of Canada

i. Names of school subjects with Business Administration 312

BUT NOT names of classes without chemistry French literature

Note: Italicize (or underline) titles of

1. her major is business.

4. istanbul is a seaport city in turkey.

5. greenhills college is located in boston, massachusetts.

9. the two main religions in japan are buddhism and shintoism.

10. philippines was known as the pearl of the east.

III. Assessment & Reflection

3. A. The block or slab rock is usually used for building.

4. A. A tobacco leaf is cured by heat, air or sun.

Write your response here:

20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

1. Is understanding academic writing important? Why?

3. Sum up you overall understanding in note more than 100 words.

20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

Engchanted Learning. (2018). Retrieved from

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

MARIA ROWENA B. SOLOMON,PhD. JOHN MARC R. MENDOZA, MAEd, MLIS

Validated by: Approved by:

JENIFFER OESTAR, Ph.D. JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

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