EAPP
ACADEMIC WRITING
 It is a writing where contents are focused,
structured, and backed up by evidence.
 Its purpose is to aid the reader’s
understanding.
 It has format, tone, and style, but is not
complex, and does not require the use of
long sentences.
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
 Academic language is a formal way of
presenting ideas and information through
words. It is also associated to the oral,
written, auditory and visual language
proficiency required to learn effectively in
schools.
DISTINCT ATTRIBUTES OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
1. Formality – Academic writing is formal where
the following should be avoided.
- Colloquial Words
- Abbreviated Words
- Two-word Verbs
- Expanded Terms
2. Precision – In academic writing, facts, figures,
graphic illustrations, are given precisely. The
exactness and accuracy of the data presented are
visible.
3. Explicitness – The writer makes sure that the
various parts of the text are related to one
another, free from obscurity, and easy to
understand.
4. Accuracy – Academic writing uses vocabulary
and statistics brief introduction accurately that
conform the correct value or standard. A writer
chooses the appropriate word.
5. Hedging – Writer makes decision about his/her
stance on a particular subject. The state of the
claims must be considered. He/she also uses
cautious language.
6. Responsibility - Writer must be responsible for
demonstrating and understanding of any source
text used. All evidences and justifications are
provided to support the claims. Moreover, the
writer has to paraphrase and summarize the read
academic text and acknowledge the source of
ideas and information through proper citations.
7. Organization - Academic writing is well-
organized where the ideas are presented in a
logical manner.
STRUCTURE OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT
What is a Text Structure?
 It is an established structure referring to the
internal organization of a text.
 It refers to the organizational pattern of a
text which includes the:
a. Text Types
b. Parts
c. Transition Words and Phrases
d. Patterns of Organization
e. Sentences and Paragraphs
Academic Texts are:
 Articles
 Conference Papers
 Reviews
 Thesis/Desertions
Academic Texts are Formed with the Following
Characteristics:
 With clearly structured I-B-C (Intro-Body-
Conclu)
 Formal
 Has information properly cited from credible
sources
 Has a list of references
5 Common Patterns of Organization
1. Description
2. Order/Sequence
3. Comparison/Contrast
4. Cause and Effect
5. Problem and Solution
Argument - begins with a claim followed by
reasons for the claim supported by pieces of
evidences. It can include counter claim or
refutation
Transition Words - are words or phrases used to
show relationship of words among ideas.
Sentences and Paragraphs - each sentence
functions as a cohesive whole to convey a single
idea or impression. The smallest unit or group of
sentences in which one topic can be effectively
explored is a paragraph. Although each paragraph
only addresses one key point, they can both
stand alone and be used as an integral part of an
essay.
PARAPHRASING
 Paraphrasing is employed when borrowing
other’s idea or text in writing your own paper
without directly quoting the source.
Here are important reminders in using
paraphrasing:
 Identify and do NOT alter the main idea/
thesis statement/ primary message of a text.
 Restate other’s main idea and subordinating
points in a different form using your own
words.
 Cite the source of the text using the
prescribed citation format.
SUMMARIZING
What is a summary?
A summary..
 States the main ideas in source concisely and
in your own words.
 Is a restatement of someone else's words in
your own words.
 Is a brief overview of an entire discussion or
argument expressed in your own words.
 Can be a sentence, paragraph or more to
present the main idea of a whole book or
text.
 May just be 10%-25% of the original text.
BUT a summary...
 Does not present the entire details.
 Does not include supporting details.
 Does not include a lengthy detail of the topic
When and why summarize
 to highlight the main points or ideas.
 to present the overviews of the whole text
for busy people.
 to be more economical or to save the time of
the readers.
 to incorporate only the main ideas when
other details are unimportant
How to summarize?
1. Think about why and with whom you are
writing the summary.
2. Find the main idea of each paragraph. You may
look at some helpful features such as titles,
subtitles, boldface, color or margin as clues. Ask
“What do all the sentences say about?”
3. In your own words, write your summary. Leave
out details like examples, elaboration or sensory
language.
4. Re-read and check your summary. Make sure
you did not copy any sentences or phrases from
the original text.
5. Cite or mention the source of your ideas. Use a
citation format required by the teacher.
OUTLINING
 An OUTLINE is a design to follow when
writing a structure, a discourse, or an article.
It arranges a material in a logical way into
main ideas, supporting ideas, and supporting
details.
 The main idea or main topic of the outline.
 Does It can be a sentence outline (written in
full sentence) or topic outline (written in
words or phrases).
Writing a Thesis Statement
 A Thesis Statement is the controlling idea
that you will develop in your paper. This can
be found usually at the end of the
introduction.
 It can be one sentence, however, if
necessary, can be two or three sentences.
on Thesis Statement
 A thesis statement is the overall idea or
argument of your work. It is a general
statement that presents essential points that
leads the reader to the right direction. A
thesis statement also often previews the
structure of the rest of the essay in a way
that corresponds with the body paragraphs.
 It is a single statement in the introduction or
opening paragraph.
 It must be framed as a declarative sentence.
 It tells the reader what to expect as they read
the essay
 It is a clear, concise statement of the position
you will defend in your paper. Note that it is
a clearly stated opinion but should not
bluntly announce the opinion.
 The thesis statement should argue a position,
not summarize information.
 It is narrow enough to write a focused essay,
but it is also broad enough to write at least
three body paragraphs.
 It should have at least three ideas that will be
developed in succeeding sections of the
essay.
 It is NOT a question, a known fact or an
announcement.
Elements of Thesis Statement
1. Topic – Topic of your paper
2. Argument/Claim- This depends on the type of
paper you are writing. If it is an argumentative
paper, then this should express your opinion. If it
is a research or explanatory paper, this should
explain the purpose of your paper.
3. Evidence- The support for your argument or
claim.