International Trade and Customs

Sustainable Trade

Product 2: China & India

Professor:

Lic. Luis Enrique Sánchez Quezada

Presents:

Amador Luna Beatriz Elisa 183111984

Escorza Magos Anahi 183111818
Flores Ortega Julio Cesar 183111452
Magdaleno Calderón Karla 183110196
Rodriguez Ayala Daniel Atzin 173110702

Grade: 9 Group: “E”

Tolcayuca, Hidalgo, November 5th, 2021.

 PRODUCT 2: CHINA & INDIA

Indicator China India

Economic
Gross Domestic Product 13.89 billion dollars 2,701 billion dollars
(GDP)(2018)
Gross Domestic Product 14.28 billion dollars 2,871 billion dollars
(GDP)(2019)
Per Capita Income (PCI) (2018) 15.52 dollars 6.6 dollars
Per Capita Income (PCI) (2019) 16.73 dollars 6.93 dollars
Interest Rate (2018) 4.5% 7.95%
Interest Rate (2019) 4.15% 5.15%
Unemployment Rate (2018) 3.8% 5.33%
Unemployment Rate (2019) 3.62% 5.27%
Balance of Payments (2018) In 2018, China's balance of payments In 2018, India's balance of payments had a
had a value of 380,074 million dollars at surplus, resulting in a balance of -186,692 million
the end of the same year. dollars.

Balance of Payments (2019)
Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)
(2018)
In 2019, China's balance of payments In 2019, India's balance of payments remained in
obtained a value of 392,993 million surplus, resulting in a balance with a value of -
dollars, which shows an increase in it 157.678 million dollars.
compared to that of 2018.
China's Global Competitiveness Index in India's Global Competitiveness Index in 2018 was
2019 was 72.61 points out of 100. 62.02 points out of 100.

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Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) China's Global Competitiveness Index in India's Global Competitiveness Index in 2019 was
(2019) 2019 was 73.9 points out of 100, 61.36 poin points out of 100, showing a decrease
showing an increase compared to 2018. compared to 2018.
Inflation (2018) 2.11% 3.43 %
Inflation (2019) 2.9% 4.76%
Exchange Rate with against the US
dollar (2018) 6.887 70,816
Exchange Rate with against the US
dollar (2019) 7.016 71.184
Primary economic activities China is the Among the primary activities in India is that it is the
world's largest producer of rice, eggs, second largest agricultural producer in the world,
pork and chicken meat, although it also behind China. India is the largest producer of many
has large productions of wheat, corn, fruits, milk, spices, meats, coconuts, tea, ginger
tobacco, soybeans, potatoes, sorghum, and others. It is also the second largest producer
peanuts, tea, barley, fish, cotton, of wheat, rice, sugar and peanuts, among the
Main activities economics oilseeds, sheep and cattle, also among secondary activities is that it has industries that are
the most notable secondary or industrial textiles, processed foods, chemicals,
activities is the production of weapons, transportation equipment, steel, cement,
machinery, textiles, fertilizers, processed petroleum, software and medicines, other
foods, automobiles, ships, aircraft, important activities are financial services, tourism,
consumer goods such as clothing, education, health, transportation, public and
footwear, toys and general electronics, private services, hospitality and communications.
machinery, textiles, fertilizers, processed

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Products that import and exports
Main business partners
foods, automobiles, ships, airplanes,
consumer goods such as clothing,
footwear, toys and electronics in general.
Finally, the tertiary sector includes retail
trade, hotels and tourism, health and
educational services, security,
entertainment, financial services,
transportation and telecommunications.
transportation and telecommunications.
China's main exports are industrial Its main exports are petroleum derivatives,
products such as machinery, textiles, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel,
chemicals, toys and footwear. medicines and software.
The main products imported by China India's imports are mainly raw materials,
are machinery, raw materials and machinery and precious metals.
chemicals.
China's main trading partners are the On the other hand, the main trading partners are
United States, South Korea, Japan, the United States, United Arab Emirates, China,
Germany and Hong Kong. The main Singapore and Hong Kong.
export destinations are the United States
(19%), Hong Kong (12%) and Japan
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 (6.8%). While the main origins of its
imports are South Korea (10%), the
United States (10%) and Japan (9.1%).
Political
Type of Government Socialist state with a one-party system India is a federal court parliamentary democratic
represented by the Chinese Communist republic with a clear separation of powers. The
Party. indirectly elected president is head of state. The
Executive Power: Formed by the prime minister must have the confidence of the
president, the prime minister, executive lower house and lead the executive.
vice presidents and the Council of State. The judicial system consists of a Supreme Court,
The president and vice presidents are the superior courts of the States and the district
indirectly elected by the National courts.
People's Congress for a period of five The legislature is made up of two chambers: the
years. Lok Sabha (lower house), which is renewed every
Legislative Power: The National five years by direct universal suffrage, and the
People's Assembly exercises the Rajya Sabha (upper house), whose members are
legislative power of the State, which is elected almost entirely indirectly by those of the
why it is in charge of reforming the chamber. low and regional parliaments.
Constitution and supervising its
implementation; prepare and amend
laws, and elect the leaders of the State's
administration, among others.

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 Judicial Power: The Supreme People's
Court (TPS) is the supreme judgment
body of the State, which responds and
reports on its work to the National
People's Congress and its Standing
Committee.
Political division The country is divided into provinces, India is a union of States. It is a Sovereign,
autonomous regions and municipalities Secular, Democratic Republic with a
under central jurisdiction, the provinces Parliamentary system of Government. There are
and autonomous regions are divided into 28 states and 8 Union territories in the country.
autonomous prefectures, districts,
autonomous districts and municipalities; 28 states and 9 union territories; Andaman and
and Districts and autonomous districts Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal
are divided into cantons, ethnic cantons, Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh,
and townships. Cantons and towns are Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman
the most basic administrative entities in and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal
the country. Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Kerala, La , Lakshadweep, Madhya
Municipalities under central jurisdiction Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya,
and relatively large municipalities are Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab,
divided into urban and rural districts. The Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana,
autonomous prefectures are divided into Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengalhand,
districts, autonomous districts and Uttarakhand, although its status is that of a territory

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Political system
Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
municipalities. Autonomous regions, of union, the official name of Delhi is National
prefectures and districts are territories of Capital Territory of DelhiLanguages
ethnic autonomy. The State establishes
special administrative regions if
necessary.
At present, China has 34 provincial-level
administrative units, including 4
municipalities under central jurisdiction,
23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions,
and 2 special administrative regions.
Since the introduction of Deng The dominion of India was reborn on January 26,
Xiaoping's economic reforms, China has 1950, as a sovereign democratic republic and a
what economists call a socialist market union of states. With universal adult franchise,
economy – one in which a dominant India’s electorate was the world’s largest, but the
state-owned enterprises sector exists in traditional feudal roots of most of its illiterate
parallel with market capitalism and populace were deep, just as their religious caste
private ownership. (Asialink Business, beliefs were to remain far more powerful than more
2021) recent exotic ideas, such as secular statehood.
(Britannica, 2021)
● Asia-Pacific Economic ● South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation Forum (APEC) Cooperation (SAARC)
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● Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement ● Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)
(APTA) ● Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
● Shanghai Organization (SCO) ● Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)
● Closer Economic Partnership ● Asian Clearing Union (ACU)
Agreement (China, Hong Kong) ● Bilateral Agreements: Sri Lanka,
● China Free Trade Agreements Singapore, Chile, MERCOSUR, South
(FTAs) Korea, Pakistan, European Union (EU),
● ASEAN China Free Trade Area New Zealand, Mauritius
● ASEAN Plus Three ● India-Thailand Partial Scope Agreement
● Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) (PSA)
with Peru, Chile, Costa Rica, ● Regional Agreements: Association of
New Zealand, Singapore, Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
Pakistan, Moldova Southern African Customs Union (SACU),
● China's trade relations with the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
European Union and Africa ● Proposed agreements: Indonesia, Gulf
Cooperation Council (GCC), Canada,
Australia, European Free Trade
Association (EFTA).
● India-Nepal Investment Agreement

Social (2019)

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Population with the population pyramids
(China 2019)
Population: 1,433,783,691

Source: PopulationPyramid.net (2019)

8
Population with the population pyramids
(India 2019)
Population: 1,366,417,755

Source: PopulationPyramid.net (2019)

Rural population 40.42% 65.53%

Urban Population 60.6% 34.47%

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Human Development Index 0,761 points
Literacy Rate 96,84%
Birth Rate 10,50%
Mortality Rate 7,10%
Customs Customs
● They tend to bathe at night, they
prefer it to taking a refreshing
bath in the morning.
● They spit on the ground, although
the authorities have prohibited it
and are trying to eliminate it, it is
a difficult custom to eradicate.
● They have naps at work, usually
there are schedules within the
offices or factories for employees
to have a nap.
● They love table tennis, it is very
easy to find spaces to practice
this sport in public places. People
of all ages practice it on a daily
basis.
● Now the second child is allowed
0,645 points
74,37%
17,64%
7,27‰
Customs
● Only the most western Hindus tend to
realize that they hold hands with people of
the opposite sex.
● A minority of the Indians are Muslims.
Traditionally they do not have any type of
contact in public with men and women.
● Do not wear shoes inside someone's
home, such as temples and mosques.
● Don't use your left hand to greet people or
eat.
● Don't show affection in public.
● In India, women are expected not to touch
men while meeting and greeting.
● Don't wear skimpy clothing.
Festivities
● Diwali - Hindu New Year
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 Festivities ● Republic Day
● New Year's Day ● Bikaner Camel Festival
● Chinese New Year ● Makar Sankranti Festival
● QingMing Festival or Tomb ● Maha Shivaratri
Cleaning Day
● Labor Day
● Duanwu Festival or Dragon Boat
Festival
Religions Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, and India has a great variety of religions, cultures and
Protestantism are widespread in China. population groups. Hinduism (83%), Sikhism (2%)
In addition, there are Taoism, typical of and Buddhism (1%) have their origin in India.
China, shamanism, the Eastern Muslims (11%) and Christians (2%) also live in the
Orthodox Church and the Dongba country. Hindus make up by far the largest part of
religion. the population and Hinduism has a great influence
on the customs and traditions of the country.

Languages The official language is Mandarin. There Hindi is the official language of the central
are also dialects like Cantonese. government of India (with English as the
Languages with roots in common with provisional official sub-language).
Turkish are spoken; the Uighur, the It should be noted that 22 native official languages
Kazakh and the Kyrgyz. are mentioned in the Indian constitution, such as
Assamese, Bengali (Bangla), Dogri, Gujarati,
Hindi, Kashmir, Konkani, Maithili, Marathi, Nepali,

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Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi and Urdu belong
to the Indo-Aryan.

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