‫‪1442‬‬

‫‪SPECIFIC‬‬
‫‪HEAT‬‬

‫الرقم الجامعي ‪:‬‬ ‫إعداد ‪:‬‬

‫‪421100327‬‬ ‫سلطان عبد االله ذوقان الشعالن‬
‫‪421100298‬‬ ‫يزيد ناصر الرشيدي‬
The end of the experience
Measuring the specific heat of a solid object (iron pellets, lead, glass .....) using the principle
.of thermal equilibrium by mixing

Theoretical

The materials differ from each other by the amount of heat that they gain from the external
.medium when they are subjected to exactly the same experimental conditions

That is, the nature of the material has to do with the amount of heat acquired as well as the
increase in its corresponding temperature. ”Thus, each substance has its own specific heat
.that distinguishes it from other materials

Specific heat of a body: In the thermal sentence, the amount of heat needed to raise the
.temperature of an object of mass m1 is the amount of one degree Celsius

The specific heat is given middle 200 for a substance between temperatures 1 and 2, in
:relation to

: Where
The amount of heat needed to heat
:the object you mass 2 from 1t to 1t where

Called the magnitude mC The body heat capacity is defined as

the amount of heat required to raise the body temperature by
.1 degree Celsius

The specific heat of an object is determined by a combination method, which is based on the
.principle of thermal equilibrium

Where when we put a hot object in a calorimeter that contains cold water, the hot body loses
heat and the calorimeter, and the water gains heat until it reaches thermal equilibrium, and the
amount of heat lost by the hot body is equal to the amount of heat that the calorimeter and cold
.water have acquired, assuming that: Q1: How much heat a hot body has lost

Q2: The amount of heat that the calorimeter gained. ”Q3: The amount of heat that the water
gained

So it will be
Any that

Since the amount of heat for any object is between degrees t and T are given by the following
:relationship

initial Where t is the final temperature and t 'is the

temperature at which we can write relationship (4) with the
whole following

Where 1t, t2, and t3 are the initial temperatures of the hot body, the calorimeter, the cold water,
and t the final temperature

For the whole sentence « m1, m2 and m3 palpation

blocksM of hot, caloric and cold water respectively. From
:this relationship we find

: Tools and devices

Calorimeter and its accessories «calorific heater» centile thermometer »lead iron pieces) («
electric heater »multi-staircase scale

:Machine description

This device consists of two main parts which are the calorimeter and its dependencies, the
.heater, and its dependencies

A calorimeter is a cylindrical copper box, all equipped with a wooden cover in which two holes
“pass through one of the holes.” A metallic alloy passes through one of the two holes and from
the other hole a centimeter thermometer graded to a hundred degrees. The specific
temperature of the copper calorimeter and its accessories is estimated at approximately g cal /
.0.09

The other part is the calorific thermal heater ”; It consists of a cylindrical box “equipped with a
vertical tube curved from the bottom and placed in a movable cylindrical device. The purpose is
to place the iron pieces inside and heat them separately from the heated water” and then
.remove them from its lower opening by pulling the barrier up

:The following figure shows the diagram of the thermal convector and its parts
:Work stages and experimental steps
Determine the flocculation of the calorimeter and its mixture except for the wooden cover. 1 1
This is done using a normal sensitive scale. Let the mass of this calorimeter be m2

We fill the calorimeter to the middle with regular water. We designate the mass of this water - 2
to be m3

We weigh an amount of iron pieces about 1000 g -3

We put the heater, including it above the electric heater, “and wait for the exit of the water - 4
vapor and the stability of the temperature of the scale,” that is, we wait until the thermal
equilibrium is reached. ”Then we read the temperature of the iron pieces t1

.Round the calorimeter with the water inside and place it under the opening of the hook tube -5

We read the temperature of the water inside the pot, and let this temperature be t2, and it is - 6
.the same for water and for the calorimeter together
.State of thermal equilibrium

We raise the moving tube (the barrier) to the top so that the metal pieces fall directly into - 7
.the calorimeter

Figure :
scheme of the convector and it is parts
We stir the water gently in the constriction by means of the mixture. “We note that the - 8
temperature of the mixture changes until it is fixed at a certain value, t1,” and this degree is the
.equilibrium temperature of the mixture

.We apply relationship (7) to calculate the specific heat of iron pellets - 9

:We arrange the results in a table as follows -

References :
1 – Enyclopedia of chemistry , by Dr. MOREL CHARBEL.
2 – Basics of Manufacturing Engineering , Dr. AMED
FARID AL-SAHRIJI .