Kobelco

Dynamic
Acera

Kobelco Construction Machinery America LLC

Hydraulic Motors
( Swing & Travel )

Kobelco Construction
Machinery America Inc.

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-1
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
7-4 Swing motor
1. Appearance (In case of SK210)

• Rotation direction (SK210 · SK250) • Rotation direction (SK330)

(Viewed from shaft end) (Viewed from shaft end)
Oil inlet A ······· Clockwise Oil inlet A ······· Counterclockwise
Oil inlet B······· Counterclockwise Oil inlet B······· Clockwise

Torque
Code Name Size 2
Kgf/cm (lb/ft)
A,B Main port 2-PF 3/4 17 (122)
PF 3/4 17 (122)
M
Make-up port PF1 22 (159)
PF 3/8 7.5 (54)
DB Drain port
PF 1/2 10 (72)
PA, PB Gauge port PF 1/4 3.7 (26)
PG Brake release port PF 1/4 3.7 (26)
L Gear oil level port PF 1/2 6.6 (47)
IP Gear oil filling port PF 3/4 10 (72)

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-2
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

2. Specifications

Specifications Swing Motor

Model SK160 ED190 SK210 SK250 SK290 SK330
Type Axial piston type
Parking brake Oil type disk brake, spring applied hydraulic release
2
Working pressure Kgf/cm (psi) 350 (4980) 365 (5193) 280 (3990) 280 (3990) 280 (3990) 280 (3990)
Swing speed M-Mode/ high idle 11 RPM 11 RPM 11 RPM 11 RPM 11 RPM 9.1 RPM
Weight hydraulic motor & gear 223 (491) 223 (491) 235 (520) 235 (520) 511 (1,126) 511 (1,126)

3. Hydraulic diagram

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-3
 SK210 HYDRAULIC SWING MOTOR

4. Structure

Port relief

Swing shockless valve

Shoe

Cylinder block

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-4
 SK210 REDUCTION HYDRAULIC SWING MOTOR

➁ Reduction unit (Swing)

Code Name Qty. Code Name Qty. Code Name Qty.

1 Pinion shaft 1 Taper roller bearing Needle bearing
12 1 24 4
2 Sleeve 1 (22218RH x 90 x 160 x 40) (28 x 43 x 43)
4 Plug (PT 1/2) 1 13 Retaining ring 1 25 Thrust washer 3
O-ring 14 Spider 1 26 Pinion 3
5 1
(JIS B2401 G100 1A) 15 Sun gear 1 27 Roller 102
6 Oil seal (160 x 190 x 13) 1 16 Ring gear 1 28 Thrust washer 3
7 Retainer 1 17 Spider assy 1 29 Retaining ring 3
8 Socket bolt (M8 x 25) 12 18 Socket bolt (M14 x 130) 10 30 Pipe 1
Taper roller bearing 19 Sun gear 1 31 Elbow 1
9 1
(22320RH 100 x 215 x 73) 20 Spring pin ( φ 8 x 25) 4 32 Plug (PT 3/4) 2
10 Housing 1 21 Shaft 4 33 Retaining ring 1
11 Spacer 1 22 Thrust washer 8 34 Set screw 2
23 Pinion 4

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-5
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
3. Parking brake
1) Cylinder block (111) is engaged with shaft (101) and spline.
2) And, the rotation in round direction of separator plate (743) is restricted by circular grooves
cut on the surface of the casing.
3) When friction plate (742) engaged with cylinder block (111) at the outside with the spline is
pressed against casing (301) by brake spring (712) through separator plate (743) and brake
piston (702), the frictional force is generated between friction plate (742) and casing (301),
and also separator plate (743) and brake piston (702).
4) This frictional force restricts the rotation of the shaft, resulting in the braking force.
5) On the other hand, after application of the release pressure to the oil chamber formed between
brake piston (702) and casing (301), if the oil pressure becomes higher than brake spring
(712) force, brake piston (702) moves and friction plate (742) separates from casing (301),
and finally the brake is released.

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-6
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS SWING SK480

The SK480 swing motor uses two sets of relief

valves for hydrauic breaking and motor control.

main Relief

Overload relief

Shockless valve

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-7
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
5. Shockless valve
Structure
161. O-ring 312. Piston
162. Ring 313. Seat
163. Backup ring 315. Ball
251. Plug 321. Spring
261. O-ring 322. Spring
311. Plunger 371. Shim
• Operation of shockless valve
This graph shows the relation between
the pressure on shockless valve and the
rising process. The actuation on each
part is described below.
a. Operation on the state of P = PS
Considering the state where the brake
pressure generates on port AM side,
the pressure at port AM is conducted
to chamber n through passage , axis
hole on seat (313), and passage m on
plunger (311).
If pressure P is over the specified
pressure of spring (321), then the spring
is pushed, and the plunger is moved to
left. Seat (313) also moves to left
deflecting spring (322) pushed by
plunger (311).
b. Operation on the sate of P < PS
The brake pressure may be decreased
by the stop of slewing (Y point), arriving
to the state P < PS, the plunger (311) is
moved to the right by the force of spring
(321), simultaneously the seat (313) is
also moved to right by the force of
spring (322), as the chamber P contains
damping actuations caused by (g), the
return of seat (313) is late comparing it
with that of plunger (311), and the seat
part t is left away. Then the pressure
oil flows in sequence such as
→ t → r → K proportionately to the
return of plunger, finally the passage
connecting to AM and BM ports is
formed.
As a result, the pressures at both AM
and BM ports are quickly equal, and
return to the state of Z point, and then
the hydraulic motor is protected from in
version caused by the confined
pressure at AM port.
Dynamic Acera 01/02
Page 6-8
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
7-5 Travel motor
1. Appearance

Note:
1. When overhauling the travel motor or
replacing the assy., fill hydraulic oil 1.2L
through the drain port ( D ).
2. When overhauling the reduction unit, fill
the approved gear 2.5L oil through the
drain port.
In addition, when replacing the assy., as
the oil is already filled, check that the filled
oil quantity is enough for the proper
operation.

Code Name Size Torque N•m {kgf•m} Remarks

VA, VB Main port PF 1 255 ± 10 {26 ± 1} SK210 • SK330
P1, P2 Main port PF 1 255 ± 10 {26 ± 1} SK250
D Drain port PF 1/2 108 ± 10 {11 ± 1} SK210 • SK330
T Drain port PF 1/2 108 ± 10 {11 ± 1} SK250
MA, MB Gauge port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK210 • SK330
Pm1, Pm2 Gauge port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK250
P Travel 1st/2nd speed change port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK210 • SK330
Ps Travel 1st/2nd speed change port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK250
Pp Parking brake release port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK250
Tin Casing filling oil port PF 1/4 29.4 {3} SK250
Drain port, Filling port, Level port PF 3/4 98 {10} Wind seal tape

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-9
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Hydraulic In-Line Piston Motor Operation

5. 3. Swash Plate
Outlet Port 4. Piston Sub assembly

Driveshaft

2.
Shoe Retainer Plate
1. Inlet Port

1. Oil is delivered under pressure at inlet port.

2. Oil exerts a force on pistons, forcing them out of the cylinder block.

3. The piston thrust is transmitted to the angled swash plate causing rotation.

4. The pistons, shoe plate, and cylinder block rotate together. The
driveshaft is splined to the cylinder block.

5. The piston passes the inlet port, and begins to return into its bore
because of the swash plate angle. Exhaust oil is pushed into the
outlet port.

Typical Piston Motor

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-10
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Item Model SK210 SK250 SK330

M4V150/ MAG-170VP- M3V260/
Type
100-RC3.5B 3600E-2 150A-RG5.5C
Displacement 1st/2nd speed cc/rev 103.7 / 154.4 109.9 / 170.0 150.5 / 262.6
Working pressure MPa {kgf/cm²} 34.3 {350} ← ←
Max. flow L/min 210 240 250
35.8 {365} 31.1 {317} 35.8 ~ 37.2
Over load cracking press. MPa {kgf/cm²}
or more or more {365 ~ 380}
Tilting control pilot press. MPa {kgf/cm²} 4.9 {50} ← ←
Drain allowable press. Normal 0.2 {2} 0.2 {2} 0.2 {2}
MPa {kgf/cm²} Surge 1 {10} 0.5 {5} 1 {10}
441 ~ 686 22.5 kN•m 902 {92}
Parking brake torque N•m {kgf•m}
{45 ~ 70} {2292} or more
Parking brake release press. MPa {kgf/cm²} 1.57 {16} 1.1 {11} 1.54 {15.7}
Parking brake chamber
MPa {kgf/cm²} 41.2 {420} 4.9 {50} 41.2 {420}
allowable press.
Approx. 27.4 {280} Approx. 27.4 {280}
Set press. of auto 0.4 {4} or less
MPa {kgf/cm²} Pilot press. Pilot press.
speed select 1.5 {15} or more
4.9 {50} 4.9 {50}
Brake valve spool 0.59 ~ 0.95 0.48 ~ 0.88 0.59 ~ 0.98
MPa {kgf/cm²}
switch press. {6 ~ 9.7} {4.9 ~ 9} {6 ~ 10}
Check valve cracking press. MPa {kgf/cm²} 0.018 {0.18} 0.03 {0.3} 0.01 {0.1}
Oil qty. in casing L 0.7 0.5 1.5
Reduction ratio 41.46 43.246 39.875
Output torque of 1st speed kN•m {kgf•m} 35.0 {3570} 40.2 {4100} 57.2 {5830}
Output torque of 2nd speed kN•m {kgf•m} 23.5 {2400} 25.0 {2550} 32.8 {3350}
32.81 32.6 24.83
Revolution at 1st speed min-1 {rpm}
at 210 L/min at 240 L/min at 260 L/min
48.84 50.5 43.32
Revolution at 2nd speed min-1 {rpm}
at 210L/min at 240 L/min at 260 L/min
Oil qty. in reduction L 5.5 3.5 10.5
Rotating direction VA Port inlet: RH P1 Port inlet: RH VA Port inlet: RH
(Viewed from valve side) VB port inlet: LH P2 Port inlet: LH VB Port inlet: LH
Weight Approx. kg 238 290 360

3. Hydraulic diagram

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-11
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

4. Structure
➀ Travel motor

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-12
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Code Name Qty. Code Name Qty.

1 Case 1 49 Spring 1
2 Cover 1 50 Connector 1
3 Cylinder block 1 51 Spool assy 1
4 Shoe retainer 1 52 Cover 2
5 Friction plate 3 53 Spring 2
6 Brake piston 1 54 Spring seat 2
7 Separator plate 4 55 Valve 2
8 Valve plate 1 56 Spring 2
9 Shaft 1 57 Plug 2
10 Coupling 1 58 O-ring 2
11 Shoe plate 1 59 O-ring 2
12 Ball joint 1 60 Socket bolt 8
13 Spring seat 1
14 Piston assy 9
15 Ring 1
16 Ring 1
17 Check valve 3
18 Retaining ring 1
19 Retaining ring 1
20 Piston 1
21 Ball 1
22 Pivot 2
23 Piston seal 1
24 Orifice 2
25 Oil seal 1
26 Spring 3
27 Spring 9
28 Spring 12
29 Bearing 1
30 Bearing 1
31 Socket bolt 8
32 Shim 2
33 Pin 1
35 Plug 1
36 Plug 10
37 Plug 1
38 Plug 3
39 Plug 2
40 O-ring 5
41 O-ring 4
42 O-ring 2
43 O-ring 1
44 Overload relief valve assy 2
45 Spool 1
46 Plug 1
47 Spring seat 1
48 Pin 1

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-13
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

➁ Reduction assy

Item Model SK210 SK250 SK330

M2X210CHB-
M2X120B-CHB- M2X146B-CHB-
Type 10A-39M/280-
10A-37/285 10A-15/300
197
Displacement cc/rev 121.6 145.9 197
27.9 {285} 29.4 {300} 27.4 {280}
Working pressure MPa {kgf/cm²}
at 179 L/min at 207 L/min at 235 L/min
Max. flow rate L/min 179 207 235
Rated speed min-1 {rpm} 1,400 {1,400} 1,600 {1,600} 1,284 {1,284}
665 {67.8} 767 {81.3} 859 {87.8}
Output torque N•m {kgf•m}
at 350 kgf/cm² at 350 kgf/cm² at 280 kgf/cm²
Brake torque N•m {kgf•m} 540+110
0
+11
{55 0 } 776 {79.2} +245
875 0 {89 0 }
+25

+0.4 +4 +0.5 +5
Brake release Cracking 2.5 0 {25 0} 2.3 {23.7} 2.3 0 {23 0}
pressure MPa {kgf/cm²} Stroke end 2.8 {29} 2.5 {25.8} 2.8+0.5
0 {29+50}
Inner press. of casing MPa {kgf/cm²} 0.29 {3} or low ← 0.2 {2} or low
Oil quantity in casing L 0.8 0.9 1.5
Weight kg 54 66.5 74.5
2KAR6P72 2KAR6P72 2KAR6P72
Type of swing shockless valve
/ 240-712 / 250-712 / 240-712
Weight of swing shockless valve 2.5 ← ←
Weight (Total) kg 56.5 69 77

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-14
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

5. Over load relief valve (Code 70)

Code Name Qty. Code Name Qty.

1 Socket 1 8 Shim 1
2 Valve 1 9 Spring 1
3 Valve seat 1 10 O-ring 1
4 Piston 1 11 Back up ring 2
5 Cap 1 12 O-ring 2
6 Plunger 1 13 Back up ring 1
7 Piston 1

Item Unit Specifications

Type ORV-240L3
Max. working press. MPa {kgf/cm²} 41.2 {420}
Setting pressure MPa {kgf/cm²} 40.7 {415} or low at 50 L/min
Cracking rpessure MPa {kgf/cm²} 35.8 ~ 37.3 {365 ~ 380} at 1 L/min
Boosting initial pressure MPa {kgf/cm²} 9.8 ~ 24.5 {100 ~ 250}
Max. flow rate L/min 240
Boosting time sec Max. 0.28

Note: Standard thickness of the shim is 2mm in condition of cracking

pressure.
This illustration shows the case of SK210. Refer to the Parts Manual
for other machine models.

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-15
 BRAKE VALVE

VA VB

Tightening Torque
8 ± 0.8 Kgf-m (58 ± 6 ft.lbs)
MA MB

Port Port Tightening Torque Function

Name Diameter Kgf-m (Ft. Lbs)
VA PF1 25 ± 2 (180 +14 -0) Drive pressure circuit port
VB PF1 25 ± 2 (180 +14 -0) Drive pressure circuit port
MA PF 1/4 3.7 ± 2 (27 ± 1) Pressure measuring port
MB PF 1/4 3.7 ± 2 (27 ± 1) Pressure measuring port

Major Specifications

Item Model RBV - 24D

Rated Pressure Kgf/cm (psi) 355 (5050)
Rated Flow L/min (gal/min) 240 (63)
Spool Switching Pressure Kgf/cm (psi) 6 - 10 (85~140)
Check Valve Cracking Pressure Kgf/cm (psi) 0.3 (4.0)
Weight Kg (Lbs) 11Kg (24 Lbs)

Typical of SK210

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-16
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve Construction

1 Body
2 Spool
3 Spring Seat
4 Spring
7 Cover T
8 Restrictor
9 Spring
10 Plug
12 Socket Bolt
14 Socket Bolt
MB Pressure Measuring Port
MA Pressure Measuring Port
VA Drive Pressure Circuit Port
VB Drive Pressure Circuit Port
T Open to Hydraulic Tank
P Parking Brake
Typical of SK210

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-17
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve Function

The Brake Valve controls the flow of oil into and out of the hydraulic travel motor in
the following conditions:

Brake Holding: in neutral position the brake valve function is to keep the hydraulic
motor from turning.

Motor Acceleration: when the brake valve is not in the neutral position the motor is
able to turn.

Stopping the motor: when brake valve is brought to neutral the flow of oil to the
motor is shut off and the motor is no longer able to turn.

Counter balancing: to slowly de-celerate the hydraulic motor that is rotating by

external forces applied to the motor, causing the motor to become a pump.

Three major components to safeguard the hydraulic motor:

Break Spool

Shifting of brake spool to allows the brake valve to:

a. Supply oil to the hydraulic motor
b. Shut off the flow of oil to the hydraulic motor
c. Restrict the flow of oil discharged to the hydraulic motor

This allows the hydraulic motor to:

a. Accelerate
b. Stop, hold
c. Counterbalance

Check Valve (built in the brake spool)

The check valve serves as an oil feeding path to the hydraulic motor, stops the oil
discharged from the hydraulic motor, acts as a suction (anti-cavitation) valve for
the hydraulic motor, and a holding valve.

Relief Valve (located in the hydraulic motor)

Each motor assembly has two relief valves which work with the brake valve to
protect the motor. When oil under pressure at the discharge path of the hydraulic
motor reaches a set point, the relief valve bypasses high pressure oil to either of
the low pressure paths to safeguard the circuit.

Typical of SK210

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-18
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve Assembly

Plug
2 Brake Valve Spool
2a Check Valve
4a VA Drive Pressure Circuit Port
4b VB Drive Pressure Circuit Port
3a MA Pressure Measuring Port
3b MB Pressure Measuring Port
8 Restrictor & Check Valve
8

Typical of SK210

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-19
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve (Stop Operation)

When the flow of oil to the brake valve is shut off, oil pressure in the pilot chambers on
both sides of the brake valve spool are equalized, causing brake spool (2) to return to its
neutral position by the action of return springs (4). The hydraulic tank will supply oil to both
ports VA and VB with the brake valve spool in neutral.

With brake valve spool in neutral, oil path MA→VA is shut off, and oil flow to port P (travel
motor parking brake) is shut off. The spring applied hydraulic release travel motor parking
brake mechanically stops the travel motor from turning. Movement of the excavator (inertia)
will attempt to rotate the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor turned by inertia continues to
discharge oil from the hydraulic motor to port MB. The trapped oil at port MB will restrict the
movement of the hydraulic motor until the oil at port MB actuates the MB port relief valve.

Check Valve in Spool 2

VB VA
2

MB MA

VA Drive Pressure Circuit Port from Hyd.

Pump
VB Drive Pressure Circuit Port to Hyd. Tank
MA Pressure Measuring Port
MB Pressure Measuring Port
2 Brake Valve Spool

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-20
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve (Counterbalancing)

Counterbalancing action is required to keep a positive pressure at the inlet of

the hydraulic motor by restricting the oil discharged from the hydraulic motor.

Counterbalancing prevents over-speeding of the hydraulic motor, example;

The excavator is traveling downhill, the weight of the machine on an incline
removes the positive pressure at the inlet of the motor. The hydraulic motor is
in an over-speed or run-a-way condition.

Note: The hydraulic motor will loose the positive pressure at the inlet in
a slow turn.

To stop the hydraulic motor from cavitating, the brake valve spool will shift,
restricting the flow of oil from the hydraulic motor. Pressure in the pilot cham-
ber on the path MA→VA (inlet) drops, and brake valve spool (2) is pushed to
the right (restricted position) by the action of spring (4). As a result, pressure
at MB (outlet) increases, thus the hydraulic motor is subjected to a braking
action.

If the volume of oil supplied to hydraulic motor is reduced below the amount of
oil the hydraulic motor can displace, the pressure in the pilot chamber on the
VA (inlet) port drops, causing spool (2) to move right due to spring action on
the left hand side of the spool.

The result is that the braking action of the counterbalance valve is increased,
and the revolution of the hydraulic motor is regulated to a level equal to the oil
supply at path MA→VA (inlet).

To dampen the movement of brake spool (2), two restrictor’s (8) are built in
the pilot chamber of the brake valve assembly . This restrictor is located in
each of the brake valve caps to provide steady counterbalancing action.

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-21
 BRAKE VALVE

Brake Valve (Counterbalance)

2 VB VA

MB MA

VA Drive Pressure Circuit Port from Hyd. Pump

VB Drive Pressure Circuit Port to Hyd. Tank
MA Pressure Measuring Port
MB Pressure Measuring Port
2 Brake Valve Spool

Typical of SK210

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-22
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

6. Operation of travel motor

(1) Parking brake
1) When traveling (when brake is
released)
1. After pressure oil has been feed into
from brake valve, spool (123) of brake
valve in hydraulic motor section starts
operating, the passage to parking
brake opens, and the oil flows into
cylinder chamber (a) made up of
spindle (2) and piston (112).
2. When the oil pressure is increased
8 kgf/cm² or higher, the pressure rises
higher than the force of spring, and
moves piston (112) to rear flange (101)
side.
3. With movement of piston (112), the
pushing force to separator plate (116)
and friction plate (115) dies out, the
friction plate (115) which is placed in
cylinder block of hydraulic motor
section can be freely moved, and
braking force to cylinder block is
released.
2) When Stopping (when brake is
operated)
1. Pressure oil from brake valve is cut
off, and when the pressure in cylinder
chamber (a) is 8 kgf/cm² or lower,
piston (112) tends to return due to the
force of spring (113).
2. The piston (112) is pushed by the force
of spring (113), and pushes the
separator plate (116) and friction plate
(115) in free condition to spindle (2) on
reduction unit.
3. The frictional force caused by the
pushing force stops rotating force of
cylinder block (104), and transmits
braking torque (18.2 kgf·m) to
hydraulic motor shaft.
4. This braking torque stops rotation of
hydraulic motor.
5. In addition, the flow rate of oil is
regulated with appropriate oil passage,
enabling the smooth operation.

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-23
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

(2) Auto two (High/Low) speed change mechanism

1) At low speed
1. When the pilot pressure is not supplied through port (D), spool (163) is pushed up by
spring (166) force or the oil pressure through port (A) or (B), the pressure oil through port
(C) is cut, and the oil in P chamber flows into the drain (motor case) through spool (163).
2. Consequently, the tilting angle of swash plate (103) increases to the maximum, and the
motor speed slows down.

2) At high speed
1. When the pilot pressure (50 kgf/cm²) is supplied through port (D), spool (163) is pushed
down by spring (166) force or the oil pressure through port (A) or (B), the pressure oil
through port (C) is led into (P) chamber, and the piston (161) is pushed up to the position
where swash plate (103) is brought in contact with the face X and maintained.
2. Then the tilting angle of swash plate (103) is of the minimum, and the stroke capacity of

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-24
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS

3) Auto speed change from high speed to low speed

1. As the load rises while traveling at high speed, the quantity of oil pressure at (A) and (B) ports
is also raised, and if the pressure reaches 290 kgf/cm², the pressure rises higher than the
pilot pressure (50 kfg/cm²) at (D) port ;and spool (163) is pushed up, and the oil in P chamber
flows into the drain (motor case) through spool (163).
2. Then, swash plate (103) comes into contact with the face Y of spindle (2), the max. tilting
angle is maintained, and consequently the motor speed reduces.

21 1-1 41

1-1 Stopper
11 Swash Plate
21 Piston
23 Pivot Balls
41 Pilot Selector Valve

23

11

Dynamic Acera 01/02

Page 6-25