MATERIAL PROPERTIES LABORATORY REPORT

BULK DENSITY OF COARSE AGGREGATES ANALYSIS

GROUP 30

Sami Haidar Moeljawan 2106718174

Stevie Mayla Putri 2106718180
Sunandana Rakha Tsany Raspati 2106718205
Vecka Bara Wicaksana Putra 2106718211

Experiment Date : Saturday, 30 October 2021

Lab Assistant : Priangga Arganiz
Approved Date :
Grade :
Assistant’s Signature :

STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL

LABORATORY CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
DEPOK
2021
A. PRACTICE OBJECTIVE
The primary goal of this experiment is to calculate the bulk density and void
percentage of a given sample of coarse aggregate in order to determine the bulk density
of the given sample of coarse aggregate.

B. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

According to a prior experiment done by Lab Assistants in the year 2020, the following
experimental results were discovered from the bulk density study of fine aggregates:

Table 1: Bulk Density Analysis of Fine Aggregates Laboratory Data on Structure and
Material, 2020
C. PROCESSING DATA
Table 1.2: Pasir Lepas (Analysis Method)

Table 1.3: Pasir Tusuk (Analysis Method)

Table 1.4: Pasir Goyang (Analysis Method)

Table 1.5: Average Result Analysis

Explanation:
The data collected in this experiment included information about the mass of the
container, the mass of the container and water, and the mass of the container and sand
using three different experiments and procedures.
Formulas:

 Volume of Water (V) = Mass of Water (Wwater)

 Mass of Sample (W3) = Mass of Container + Sample (W2) - Mass of

Container (W1)
 Mass of Water (Wwater) = Mass of Container + Water (W’) - Mass of
Container (W1)

 Bulk Density of Water = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜f 𝖶𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝖶w𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜& 𝖶𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑉)

 Bulk Density of Sand (B) = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜& 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (𝖶4)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜& 𝖶𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑉)

 Void in Aggregates = (𝐴×𝖶)–𝐵 × 100

(𝐴×𝖶)

Volume of Water (V) = Mass of Water (Wwater)

Mass of Sample (W3) = Mass of Container + Sample (W2) - Mass of Container (W1)
Mass of Water (Wwater) = Mass of Container + Water (W’) - Mass of Container (W1)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
Bulk Density of Water 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑉)
=
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (𝑊3)
Bulk Density of Aggregate (B) = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑉)

Void in Aggregates = (𝐴×𝑊)−𝐵

(𝐴×𝑊)
× 100
Agregat Lepas (Analysis Method):
Trial 1:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.48 dm3

b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 16.932 - 5.870 = 11.1 kg

c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.351 - 5.870 = 8.48 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.481 = 1kg/dm3

8.481
Trial 2:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.44 dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 16.934 - 5.930 = 11 kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.372 - 5.930 = 8.44 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.442 = 1kg/dm3

8.442

Trial 3:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.49dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 16.942 - 5.870 = 11.07kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.362 - 5.870 = 8.49 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.492 = 1kg/dm3

8.492
Average:
a. Bulk Density of Water = 1 kg/dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 11.05
c. Volume of Water (V) = 8.47dm3

Bulk Density of Aggregate =11.046 = 1. 30kg/dm3

8.472

Voids in Aggregates = (2.32×1)−1.30388

2.32×1
× 100= 43.80%

Agregat Tusuk Method Analysis:

Trial 1:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.48 dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.521 - 5.870 = 11.65kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.351 - 5.870 = 8.48kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.481 = 1kg/dm3

8.481
Trial 2:
 a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.44dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.523 - 5.930 = 11.59kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.372 - 5.930 = 8.44 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.442 = 1kg/dm3

8.442

Trial 3:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.49dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.534 - 5.870 = 11.66 kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.362 - 5.870 = 8.49 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.492 = 1kg/dm3

8.492
Average:
a. Bulk Density of Water = 1 kg/dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 11.64
c. Volume of Water (V) = 8.47dm3

Bulk Density of Aggregate = 11.636

= 1. 37kg/dm3
8.472

Voids in Aggregates = (2.32×1)−1.37352

2.32×1
× 100= 40.80%

Agregat Goyang (Analysis Method):

Trial 1:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.48dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.321 - 5.870 = 11.45 kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.351 - 5.870 = 8.48kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.481 = 1kg/dm3

8.481
Trial 2:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.44 dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.343 - 5.930 = 11.41 kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.372 - 5.930 = 8.44 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.442 = 1kg/dm3

8.442
Trial 3:
a. Volume of Water (V) = Wwater = 8.49 dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 17.333 - 5.870 = 11.46kg
c. Mass of Water (Wwater) = 14.362 - 5.870 = 8.49 kg

d. Bulk Density of Water = 8.492 = 1kg/dm3

8.492

Average:
a. Bulk Density of Water = 1 kg/dm3
b. Mass of Sample (W3) = 11.44
 c. Volume of Water (V) = 8.47dm3

Bulk Density of Aggregate = 11.442

= 1. 35kg/dm3
8.472

Voids in Aggregates = (2.32×1)−1.35066

2.32×1
× 100= 41.78%

Average Result Analysis:

Bulk Density of Water = 1+1+1 = 1 kg/dm3

3

Bulk Density of Aggregate = 1.3.0388+1.37352+1.35066 = 1.34

3
Voids in Aggregates = 43.80+40.80+41.78
= 42.13%
3

D. ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT

The primary purpose of this experiment is to determine how thick a sand sample
is and how many voids there are in it. This practicum is based on SNI-03-4804-1998, the
procedure is as follows: Bulk density is defined as the amount of dry weight of both
solids and pore spaces per unit volume of a material, which is defined as the ratio of a
substance's mass to its volume. It is possible to estimate the amount of empty space
between particles in an aggregate mass by looking at the fraction of voids in the
aggregate mass. It is possible to compute the unit volume of a sand sample using the
bulk density of the material, while the number of voids in the sample may be used to
calculate the amount of cement that should be added to the mixture by using the bulk
density of the material. For more consistent findings, this experiment was done using
three ways, each of which included three trials, in order to provide more consistent
results. The supplies required for this experiment include a cylindrical container that will
be used to hold and deposit the sample of the test item. A scale with an accuracy of 0.1
percent is used to measure the mass of the container, water, and a sample of the test item
in question. A stainless steel compactor stick with a diameter of 15mm and a length of
60cm, as well as a rounded end, is used to compress and flatten the face of the sample of
the test item under examination. A straight edge was used to smooth the surface of the
fine aggregates sample on the table. An oven was used to heat the sampled aggregates to
110 degrees Celsius in order to eliminate the water content from them. In this
experiment, there are three techniques, and the test item in all of the methods is a sample
of coarse aggregates that has been oven-dried for at least 24 hours in each of the
methods. For the first step in the experiment, weigh the cylindric container on a scale to
subsequently deduct this mass from the combined mass of the sample and the container
in order to arrive at the mass of the sample. After that, fill the container to the brim with
as much water as possible.

It has the capacity to retain and weigh it. Through the course of the experiment,
these two integers will be utilized as constants. In order to begin the agregat lepas
procedure, pour the sample of coarse aggregates into the cylindric container until it is
completely filled with coarse aggregates. Afterwards, smooth off the surface of the
aggregates until it is perfectly flat. After that, set the container containing the aggregates
on top of the scale and take the weight of the container. The Aggregat Goyang Method
is the second of the three methods used in this study. To begin, fill a third of the
cylindrical container with the sample of oven-dried coarse aggregates and shake the
container by putting it on a level surface and raising both the left and right handles up by
roughly 5cm. Repeat this procedure on each side 25 times. This process should be
repeated three times until the whole container is completely filled. The aggregates are
put into the container after each third of the container has been filled in order to
guarantee that they are packed more densely and that they are distributed more
uniformly across the whole container. Next, when the container has been filled, use a
straight edge to level the surface of the aggregates and lay it on top of a scale to
determine the mass of the materials. The agregat tusuk technique is the last approach to
be discussed. Following the same procedure as the second approach, fill a third of the
cylindric container with the sample of oven-dried coarse aggregates and set it aside. In
order to get the desired result, stab or jab the sample of aggregates 25 times. This
process should be repeated three times until the whole container is completely filled.
Finally, using a straight edge, flatten the surface of the aggregates and weigh the
container to determine the mass of the aggregates. Each procedure should be repeated
three times to get various findings and to calculate the average.

RESULT

This experiment used three distinct procedures, each three times. The average
container mass, water mass, and volume are fixed quantities that are the same in each
approach. The average mass of the sample was 11.046 kg, the average volume of water
was 8.472 dm3, the bulk density of the aggregates was 1.30388 kg/dm 3, and the
proportion of voids in the sample was 43.80%. The average mass of the sample was
11.442 kg, the average volume of water was 8.472 dm 3, the bulk density of the
aggregates was 1.35066 kg/dm3, and the proportion of voids in the sample was 41.78%.
The average mass of the sample was 11.636 kg, the average volume of water was 8.472
dm3, the bulk density of the aggregates was 1.37352 kg/dm3, and the proportion of
voids in the sample was 40.80%. The container average mass was 5.890 kg, the water
average volume was 8.472 dm3, the aggregate average bulk density was 1.34268
kg/dm3, and the sample average void percentage was 42.13%. This approach seems to
be the best and most reliable of the three since it yields the greatest aggregate bulk
density and the lowest aggregate void percentage. A volume of 1 dm3 requires 1.34268
kg of sand, and 42.13% of the sample is empty, implying that only 57.87% is filled by
coarse pebbles.

ERROR ANALYSIS
Numerous factors contribute to the deviation of this experiment's conclusions,
however these factors have been kept to a minimum throughout the experiment to
guarantee that they have no substantial influence on the final outcome. Included among
these factors are the following:

● Errors can occur in the form of under-pressing the container and not filling it
properly, so that it can cause data differences.
● The condition of sample aggregation may have a significant impact on the
experiment. At least 24 hours of baking in an oven are required to eliminate all
water weight from the sample before the experiment can begin. Changing the
 experiment's outcome is possible by adding water weight to the sample's overall
weight.
● With the addition of water weight, the mass of the sample may alter, affecting the
experiment's findings.
● Sand may be unevenly distributed when it isn't poured in thirds, increasing the
sample's void percentage.
● Less even collision in the mash method
● Less depth of collision in the mashing method, so that the bottom layer does not
come into contact with it
● Less collision depth in the mashing method, so that the bottom layer does not get
crushed
● Too high or low lifting of the sides of the container in the shake method
● Too large or too small an estimate, so that the height of the aggregate layer exceeds
or is less than 1/3 of the container
● Practical error in counting

E. CONCLUSION
There are several conclusions that can be drawn from this experiment, including:
 Agregat lepas technique yields an average mass of 11.046 kg of aggregate on average.
 Agregat lepas technique yields a bulk density of 1.30388 kg/dm3 for the aggregate used.
 The agregat lepas technique has a void rate of 43.80% , which is a high rate.
 Agregat Tusuk technique yields an average aggregate mass of 11.636 kg, which is
higher than the industry standard.
 Agregat tusuk technique: The bulk density of aggregate is 1.37352 kg/dm3 when using
the agregat method.
 The agregat tusuk technique has a void rate of 40.80%, which is a high rate.
 Agregat goyang technique yields an average aggregate mass of 11.442 kg, which is
higher than the industry standard.
 The bulk density of aggregate in the agregat goyang process is 1.35066 kg/dm3 (grams
per cubic meter of volume).
 Agregat goyang technique yields a void rate of 41.78%, which is a significant number.
 It is estimated that the aggregate has a bulk density of 1.34268 kg/dm3.
 42.13% of the aggregates include voids on average, according to the results of the
analysis.
 There is an empty space in the sample that must be filled with cement or another
equivalent binder (42.13% of the sample).
 This practicum is based on SNI-03-4804-1998 which contains the Method of Testing the
Weight of Fill and Air Cavity in Aggregate.

F. REFERENCES

Departemen Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indoneisa. (n.d.).

Buku panduan praktikum pemeriksaan bahan perkerasan jalan