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ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DEL LITORAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN ELECTRICIDAD Y COMPUTACIÓN

RENEWABLE ENERGY

STUDENT:

HOMERO RODRIGO OJEDA GUEVARA

WORK

TEACHER: ING. JIMMY CORDOVA

AGOSTO 2021

GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR

IT- 2021

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ÍNDICE GENERAL
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 3

2 OBJECTIVES ...............................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

3 TOPIC 1 ........................................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

4 Firsts Years and Costs ..................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

5 TYPE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM ..........¡Error! Marcador no definido.

6 Technologies ................................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

7 INVERTERS .................................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

8 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND IMPACTS¡Error! Marcador no definido.

9 CONCLUSIONES .........................................¡Error! Marcador no definido.

10 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................ 7

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ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION
The Sun is the main source of energy on Earth. In addition to being responsible for
maintaining the life on the planet, solar radiation constitutes an inexhaustible source
of energy, with an enormous potential for use through capture and conversion
systems into another form of energy, for example, thermal and electrical.

The sun is basically a huge sphere of incandescent gas, at the core of which the
power generation through thermonuclear reactions. The core, with a temperature of
about 15 million kelvins, is the densest region and where the energy is produced by
thermonuclear reactions. Just above is the radiative zone, where the energy
produced in the nucleus is transferred to the upper regions through radiation.

The Earth, in its annual movement around the Sun, describes an elliptical path with
a small eccentricity of 0.017, This inclination, together with its movement of
translation, gives rise to the seasons of the year. Observing the apparent movement
of the Sun at noon throughout the year, it seems that the angle between its rays and
the plane of the equator varies between + 23.45º around June 21 (winter solstice in
the southern hemisphere), and -23.45 on 21 December (summer solstice in the
southern hemisphere). This angle, called Solar Declination, is positive north and
negative south of the equator. September 21 (Spring Equinox) and March 21 (Autumn
Equinox) The sun's rays align with the plan of Ecuador.

Consequently, it is important that students can learn to experimentally measure the

solar inclination and azimuth, the present work focuses on experimentally
determining the inclination and azimuth.

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2 LOCATION
Te location of the place where the experiment was carried out is in the city of Santa
Rosa, whose coordinates are (-3.45706, -80.00408),
3. METHODOLOGY.
Table 1 presents some theoretical calculations to arrive at the theoretical azimuth.
Table 1 Theoretical calculation

latitud (ɸ) -3.457070

longitud (Θ) -80.00408
DyO 220
Tz -8
StandarTime 12

slope (α) 10
azimuth(dato) (β) 0
azimuth(calculado) (β) 105.994019

Table 2 shows the theoretical calculations of the incident angle:

Table 2 Theorical calculation h

Angulo de Incidencia
sen(δ)sen(ɸ)sen(α) -0.016332865
sin(δ)cos(Φ)sin(α)cos(β) 0.047672523
cos(δ)cos(Φ)cos(α)cos(ω) 0.737882918
cos(δ)sin(Φ)sin(α)coS(β)coS(ω) -0.00785994
cos(δ)sin(α)sin(ω)sin(β) 0
COS(θ) 0.666017589
θ 48.23956054

for experimental determination we use the following tools:

• graduated circle
• a marker.
• rule
• compass installed in the cell phone
in figure 1 you can see the taking of the values of the shadow measurement:

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Figure 1 projected shadow measurement

12.5

12.45

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𝟏𝟐. 𝟓
𝒉 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏( )
𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟓

𝒉 = 𝟒𝟓°
In figure 2 you can see the azimuth measurement:

Figure 2 experimental azimuth measurement

𝒂𝒛𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒉 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎

As you can see, the angle of inclination is quite close while the azimuth the error
becomes more noticeable
Table 3 Comparatión

Theorical Experimetal
Azimuth 105 150
Elevation 48 45.1

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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

• (2021, April 19). Retrieved from ASCP.CL: https://acsp.cl/2021/04/19/cerro-dominador-

el-gigante-que-generara-110-mw-reflejando-10-mil-veces-la-energia-del-sol/
• Cerro Dominador. (2014). Retrieved from: https://cerrodominador.com/quienes-
somos/
• Cerro Dominador – Reporte anual 2020. Retrieved from : https://cerrodominador.com/wp-
content/uploads/2021/05/cc2019-ReporteAnual-2020-vers11.pdf
• Global Solar Atlas, published by World Bank Group : https://globalsolaratlas.info/map

• Generadores de Chile: http://generadoras.cl/empresas-asociadas/cerro-dominador

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