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2008 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

三级笔译英译汉试题

1.LONGYEARBYEN, Norway — With plant species disappearing at an alarming

rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to

store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for

man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.

2.This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here,

received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic

mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of

every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.

3.As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds

— peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure,

forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors

erase the seeds from the outside world.

4.Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the

seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An

automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides

security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for

entrance.

5.The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize

information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say

may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are

scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid

nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on

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coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds

that can be stored.

6. For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and

shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species.

Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being

urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to

preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate

change and its impact on world food production.

7.“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane

Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a

nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone

prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.

8.“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day — it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s

also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”

9.This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose

to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A

series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the

world. “The erosion of plants’ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr.

Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic

University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200

banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going

to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”

10.The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified

in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well

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as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of

new seeds.

11.A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since

it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a

changed environment.

12.Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from

places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault

to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like

the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.

2009 年 5 月三级笔译真题(
(英译汉)
)

Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an

extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of

having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75

percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's

well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of

harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for

grains.

In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of

some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent

target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are

difficult to predict and difficult to control."

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"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue

carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's

chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and

Economics, said in a telephone interview.

He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European

Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation

emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors

like land use and food supply.

"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the

lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions,"

Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without

considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well

yet."

The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European

Commission will follow the recommendation.

It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged

by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not

produced the desired effect.

Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being

cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more

emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to

produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and

water is diverted from the drinking supply.

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In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have

increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third

higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total

expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri

Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization

For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that

the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and

generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often

transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with

minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

2009 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

英译汉

Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming

bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.

The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th

edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of

young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum,

with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will

undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.

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A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already

published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere

around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited

or even partied.

"Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and

Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is

coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin

Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's

work and image.

"We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she

said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows

through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.

The son of a Polish mother and a French émigré father, Chopin was born in a

manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of

Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.

The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a

museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is

undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.

Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted

pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a

teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour

in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an

abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a

broad swath of Polish territory.

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Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so

attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his

heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The

rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also," reads the Biblical

inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and

concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's

"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.

Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's

appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.

Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor,

as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.

汉译英

（原文及参考答案如下）

国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：经济下行压力明显加大，

进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业生产经营困难，就业难度加大。这场国际金

融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇，新的挑战与既有矛盾相互

交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。

The international financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and

challenges to China. We are experiencing greater downward pressure on

economic growth. Imports and exports have been on the decline. Industrial

production has notably slowed down. Some enterprises are having a hard time

in their production and business operation, and employment is becoming more

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and more difficult. This crisis coincides with a crucial juncture in China’s efforts

to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure. New

challenges coupled with existing problems have made our task all the more

arduous.

为应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展，中国及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施

积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计

划。我们大规模增加政府支出，实施总额 4 万亿元人民币的两年投资计划，实行结构性减

税政策，多次降息和增加银行体系流动性，大范围实施产业调整振兴规划，大力推进科技创

新和技术改造，大力加强节能减排和生态环境保护，继续调整国民收入分配格局，大力拓展

国内市场特别是农村市场，大幅度提高社会保障水平。现在，这些措施已取得初步成效、呈

现出积极迹象，国内消费需求比较旺盛，投资需求稳步提高，社会大局保持稳定。这表明中

国的应对思路是符合实际的，政策是积极有效的。中国为应对国际金融危机冲击采取的一系

列举措不仅对本国经济、而且对区域经济乃至世界经济都将产生积极影响。

To counter the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain steady

and relatively fast economic growth, China has made timely adjustment to its

macroeconomic policies, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a

moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expand

domestic demand and boost economic growth. We have substantially increased

government spending, introduced a two-year investment plan totaling RMB 4

trillion, and carried out structural tax cuts. We have repeatedly lowered interest

rates and increased liquidity in the banking system. We have implemented

industrial restructuring and rejuvenation plans on a large scale and vigorously

promoted scientific innovation and technological upgrading. We have worked

hard to conserve energy, reduce pollution and protect the eco-environment. We

have made further efforts to adjust the distribution of national income and

worked energetically to expand domestic markets, especially rural markets. And

we have significantly raised the level of social security. These measures are

producing positive initial results, including fairly strong domestic consumption

demand, steadily rising investment demand and overall social stability. It shows

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that China’s approach in response to the financial crisis is pragmatic and the

policies are active and effective. The array of measures adopted by China will

have a positive impact not only on its own economy but also on the economy of

the region and the world at large.

2010 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

英译汉(
(出自纽约时报 2009.3.26)
2009.3.26)：

LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus

routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake

Como. There are zero school buses.

In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and

— most important — a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions,

an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should

walk to school.

They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver

but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental

volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along

Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here

and there as their flock expands.

At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now

take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi,

a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a

mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and

we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.

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Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses

have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle,

prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario

Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.

The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United

States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of

transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run”

made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national

survey showed.

In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001,

the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal

government’s National Household Travel Survey.

Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up

elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.

Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes,

although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.

汉译英

(节选自 2009 年胡锦涛在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上讲话)

)

全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。

Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and

development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries.

气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境

问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工

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等因素密切相关。归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能

靠共同发展来解决。

Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is

associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental

issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely

connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and

resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international

division of labor. In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to

address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge

through common development.

中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出 2005 年到 2010 年降低单位

国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家

指标。

China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program,

which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the

discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of

renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010.

今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一

是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到 2020 年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比 2005 年

有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能，争取到 2020 年非化石能源占一次能源消费

比重达到 15％左右。三是大力增加森林碳汇，争取到 2020 年森林面积比 2005 年增加

4000 万公顷，森林蓄积量比 2005 年增加 13 亿立方米。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发

展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。

In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into

its economic and social development plan and take the following measures:

First, we will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency.

We will endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable

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margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop

renewable energy and nuclear energy. We will endeavor to increase the share of

non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. Third,

we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. We will endeavor to increase

forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion

cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels. Fourth, we will step up effort to

develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and

enhance research, development and dissemination of climate-friendly

technologies.

2011 年 5 月翻译资格考试：三级笔译实务英译汉真题（网友回忆）二

The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside

as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the

latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.

A plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times

bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument

had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn

￡ 10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget

austerity.

Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the

passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s

spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially

because Stonehenge, a UnescoWorld Heritage site, was part of London’s

successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors center

there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge

each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games,

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the official says.

Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even

Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities

there since they were built 40 years ago. For now, portable toilets lead from a

crammed parking lot, a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, a ticket office

opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.

The overhaul was scheduled for next spring in 2011. The plan, held by Denton

Corker Marshall, the architectural firm, would keep the stone monument itself

unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a

new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about 2.5

kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones. The center would have included a

shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three

times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more

information about Stonehenge’s history.

A transit system would have shuttled visitors between the center and the stones

while footpaths would have encouraged tourists to walk to the monument and

explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to

improve the surrounding landscape.

Last year, the ￡ 27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister

Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities

about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted

in January. Construction was supposed to start and be completed in time for the

Olympics, but the economic recession has changed.

The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his

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predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡ 99 billion

annually over a period of five years to help to close a gaping budget deficit. The

financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion,

from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the

British Film Institute.

English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns

Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now

aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has

made the endeavor more difficult.

Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that

the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in

London. But she said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the

money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining

example of how philanthropy could work.”

坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开

放 30 多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与

“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。

截至 2010 年 7 月，中国累计设立外商投资企业 69.8 万家，实际使用外资 1.05 万亿美元。

目前中国 22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50%的技术引进、约 4500

万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，

通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及

众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业

成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。

To follow the basic state policy of opening-up, unswervingly develop an open

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economy and pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up is a useful experience

that has underpinned the sustained and rapid development of the Chinese

economy over the past 30 years and more. To attract foreign investment, pick

competitive foreign investors and bring in "financial resources" and "intellectual

resources" both at the same time is an important element of China's opening-up

policy. By July 2010, a total of 698,000 foreign-invested enterprises had been

established in China, registering a paid-in capital of US$1.05 trillion. Today, in

China, 22% of tax revenues, 28% of added industrial value, 55% of foreign

trade, 50% of technology import and some 45 million job opportunities are

contributed by foreign-invested enterprises. Opening to the outside world and

attracting foreign investment are mutually beneficial and complementary. For

China, continued introduction of foreign investment has provided necessary

fund, advanced technologies and valuable managerial expertise and many

global-minded talents to support the country's modernization drive. For foreign

enterprises, investing in China has generated handsome returns. Many

foreign-invested enterprises in China have become the growth engines and

profit centers of their parent companies' global business. The latest UNCTAD

survey shows that China is still the most appealing host for investment in the

world.

近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开

放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创

新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。目前，中国

正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立

国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合

作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和

服务出口。

In recent years, we have worked in line with the characteristics of the different

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stages of opening-up, and the requirements to improve an open economic

system that focuses on both domestic and international markets, that promotes

win-win and mutually beneficial cooperation, and that emphasizes security and

effectiveness. And we have actively summed up our successful experience in

past years. We better coordinated our "inviting in" and "going global" strategies,

adopted new ways of conducting overseas investment and cooperation and

supported enterprises to develop international operation in research and

development, production and distribution. We are stepping up efforts to

facilitate various forms of overseas investment cooperation, develop our own

multinational companies and support well-positioned enterprises to establish

international sales distribution networks. We are working to strengthen

overseas infrastructure construction cooperation, and develop overseas labor

contract cooperation in a well-managed fashion. And we are actively advancing

the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Our aim is

to alleviate the tensions between overcapacity and weak domestic demand,

stimulate industrial transformation at home and, at the same time, promote

exports of relevant products and services.

网友回忆：2011
2011 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

三级笔译 Section 1 English-Chinese Translation ( 50 points )

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and

sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development

Report.

Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the

rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the

problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean

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water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas

that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting

water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the

water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water

piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water

trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.

The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan

Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies

made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor,

he added.

The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5

gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments

accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link

people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing

countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water

and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward

these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government

intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some

market-based approaches as well.

By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the

private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to

clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be

necessary, despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the

economic benefits of providing clean water.

People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne

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diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to

enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So

if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it

might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the

return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean

water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over

many years.

In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman

said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon

themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little

resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true

out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving

schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always

easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though.

Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding

the right solution for a given region or country.

出处：

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/business/worldbusiness/14iht-glob15.3

535740.html

Section 2 Chinese-English Translation ( 50 points )

Translate the following passage into English.

即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一

项艰巨的任务。

中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有 66.7

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万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有 1 万平方公里的耕地被沙

漠吞噬。

中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础

设施损耗严重，三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。

由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬

菜种植面积平均每年增加 130 万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由

粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进农

田灌溉基础设施。近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农民种粮

的积极性。

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