Bồi Dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi Vật Lý Lớp 11 - Tập 1

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LQI NOIDAU mdn thvrnhat

«B6I DlfONG HOC SINH GI61 VAT L I TRUNG HQC PHO THONG" la TfNH N»
bo sach dung cho hoc sinh kha gioi, hoc sinh cac Idp chuyen Vat l i , cac thay c6 giao
day Vat li d cac trUdng trung hoc pho thong. Bo sach gom 7 cuon:
Chuxendil: LlTC TlJfdNG TAC TINH DIEN
1. Boi dUdng hQC sinh gioi Vat U10, tap I (Donf^ hoc, Dong lUc hoc, TTnh hoc)
2. Boi dUdng hpc sinh gioi Vqt li 10, tap I I (Cac dinh luat bcio loan, Nhiet hoc) A-TOMTAxKliNTHtrC •^^mt^.âg^
3. Boi dUdng hQC sinh gioi Vat li 11, t|ip I (D/pn va Dien til) • I . Dien tich - S\i tifdng tac giffa cac di^n tich
4. Boi dUdng hgc sinh gioi Vat li 11, tap I I (Quang hinh)
1. Di^n tich: Cd hai loai dien tich: dien tich du'dng va dien tich am. Cac dien
5. Boi dUdng hgc sinh gioi Vat li 12, tap I {Dao dong va Song ai hoc)
6. Boi dUdng IIQC sinh gioi Vat li 12, tap I I {Dong dien xoay chieu va Dao don^ tich cung loai thi day nhau, cac dien tich khac loai thi hut nhau.
dien tCe) 2. Djnh luat Culong: LiTc ti/dng tac giufa hai dien tich diem diJng yen ti le
7. Boi dUdng hgc sinh gioi Vat li 12, tap I I I {Quang li. Vat li hat nhdn) thuan vdi tich dp Idn ciia hai dien tich va ti le nghjch vdi khoang each giiJa
Ve cau true, moi cuon sach deu du'dc chia thanh cac phan Idn, trong moi phan Chung.
gom nhieu chuyen de, moi chuyen de la mot noi dung kien thiJc tron ven. Moi
k lq£2|
chuyen de gom cac phan:
A-T6m tat kien thrfc: Phan nay chiing toi trinh bay mot each c6 he thong e' r^ xjflq •'•
nhi^ng kien thiJc trong tam cua chuyen de tiif cd ban den nang cao trong do chiing toi
chu trong dao sau nhffng kien thiJc nang cao de lam cd sd cho viec giai cac bai tap + e la h^ng so' dien moi ciia moi triTdng ( 8 = 1 : chan khong hoac khong khi).
cua chuyen de. + r la khoang each giffa hai dien tich qi, q2.
B-Nhi?ng chu y khi giai bai tap: Trong phan nay chiing toi neu len nhu'ng Chii y : Dinh luat Culong du'dc ap dung cho: / " ^ j ^f'^ ^ \
chii y can thiet ve kien thiJc va ki nang giai bai tap. Do la nhu'ng lufu y quan trpng
- hai dien tich diem. ^
giiip dinh hu'dng va tranh nhu'ng sai sot khi giai cac bai tap cua chuyen de.
C-Cac bai tap cua chuyen de: He tho'ng bai tap d day kha da dang du'dc s^p - hai qua cau tich dien phan bo deu. i< " ^1
xep ttf de den kho, tCf ddn gian den phiJc tap va di/dc giai kha chi tiet nen rat phii 11. Djnh luat bao toan di^n tich t '•'''^Ô
hdp vdi nhieu do'i tU'dng ban doc. Trong mot he CO lap ve dien, tdng cac dien tich dtfdc bao toan:
Trong qua trinh bien soan chiing toi tham khao rat nhieu nguon tai lieu trong q, + q2 + ... = const j „ ^t^, ^^,(^-,3
va ngoai niTdc, dac biet la cdc bo sach G/a/ loan Vat U do thay Biii Quang Han lam
chu bien - Nha xuat ban Giao due 1998, bo sach Bai tap va Un gidi Vat li do OS.
B. NHONG C H O t KHI GIAI B A I T A F
Yung Kuo Lim lam chu bien - Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam 2010, bo sach Ca
sd Vat li do David Halliday lam chu bien - Nha xuat ban Giao due 2002... de lam - Khi dp dung djnh luat Culong ve siT tU'dng tac giffa cdc dien tich dffng yen can
phong phU them phan kien thiJc cung nhiTphan Idi giai cac bai tap trong bo sich. chu y:
Vdi SLf gop siJc cua cac thay c6 giao da va dang cong tac tai cdc tnTdng + dieu kien ap dung: hai dien tich diem hoac hai qua cau tich dien phan bo deu.
chuyen, cac thay c6 giao da tijfng tham gia boi difdng hoc sinh gioi Vat l i cua cac + cac hien tU'dng thiTc te" thffdng gap:
tinh thanh trong ca ni/dc, hi vong bo sach se la tai lieu tham khao thie't thifc, bo ich
• cho hai qua cau nho dan dien nhiT nhau da nhiem dien tiep xiic nhau hoac
cho nhieu doi tifdng ban doc yeu thich bo mon Vat l i .
Mac dil da dau tiT bien soan kha kl ludng nhiftig nhu'ng han che, sai sdt la dieu
no'i vdi nhau bKng doan day dan roi tdch rdi ra thi tdng dien tfch se chia
khong the tranh khoi. Rat mong nhan difdc sif dong gop, chia se cua cac thay c6 deu cho hai qua cau: q'l = q'2 = ' '
giao va cac em hoc sinh tren ca nifdc; Moi y kien dong gop xin gufi ve dia chi
ngphudong@gmail.com hoac khang vietbookstore@vahoo.com.vn. • khi cham tay vao mot qua cau nho dan dien da tich dien thi qua cau se
Xin tran trong gidi thiû bo sach den quy thay c6 giao va cic em hoc sinh! mat dien tich va trd thanh trung hoa.
Chu bi6n
ThS. Nguyin Phii Dong 3
Bdi diiOng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVHUhang Vi?t
- Khi mot dien tich diem q chju tac dung ctia nhieu life tac dung Fp F j , ... do c. C A C B A I T A P vi; Lye T U O N G T A C TITOI D I E N
1. Tl/CfNG T A C G I 0 A CAC D I E N T I C H D I E M DlfNG YfeN
cac dien tich diem qi, q2, ... gay ra thi hcJp life tac dung len q la:
1.1. Hai dien tich diem bang nhau dat trong chan khong, each nhau doan R = 4cm.
Li/c day tTnh dien giffa chiing 1^ F = 10'^N.
-f De xac djnh do Idn cua hdp luTc F ta c6 the diTa vao: **
a) Tim do Idn moi dien tich.
+ djnh l i ham cosin: F^ - Fj^ + F2 + 2FjF2Cosa (a la goc hdp bdi Fj va ). b) Tim khoang each R, giffa chiing de liTc day tTnh dien la F, = 2,5. lO^^N.
Bai giai
• F, va F2 cung chieu thi: F = F, + F2 (a = 0, cosa = 1). ^ a) Do Idn mSi dien tich
_ Vi: + Hai dien tich day nhau nen q, va q2 cung dau.
• F, va F2 ngiTdc chieu thi: F = IF, - F2I (a = n, cosa = -1).
+ Hai dien tich bang nhau nen: qi = q2. .. . '1
• F, va F2 vuong goc thi: F= ,JF^ + F^ (a = 90°, cosa = 0). - Theo dinh luat Cu-16ng:
-5
• Fj va F2 cung do Idn (Fi = F2) thi: F = 2Fi cos y . F =k = RJ^ =4.10-1 j i ^ 1,3.10 ' C
R^ R' 9.10^
+ phiTdng phap hinh chieu: F = ^jF[+F^ Vay: Do Idn cua moi dien tich la ^2 1,3.10"'C
(F, = Fu + F2x + Fy = F,y + F2y + ...) b) Khoang each R, giffa chung de life day tTnh dien la F, = 2,5.10"^'N
- Khi mot dien tich q du'ng yen thi help luTc tac dung len q se bang 0:
- Vdi khoang each R: F = k - ' ^ (1)
F = F, + F2 + ... = 6 R^
-f Cac life tac dung len dien tich q thi/dng gap la:
- Vdi khoang each R,: F' = k - 3 - (2)
+ trong life: P = mg (luon hu'dng xuong). R:
+ life tTnh dien: F = .SiSl. Q^^Q ne'u q, va q2 trai dau; \\ic day ne'u q, 10r5
- Suy ra: R, = R. — = 4. = 8cm.
8 •
y 2,5.10"^
va q2 Cling dau). , ,
Vay: De life day tTnh dien giffa hai dien tich la F, = 2,5.10 ''N thi khoang
+ liTc cSng day T. ; u
each giffa chiing la R| = 8cm.
+ lircdanh6icual6xo:F = k . A / = k ( / - / o ) .
•I FM 1.2. Hat bui trong khong khi d each nhau mot doan R = 3cm, moi hat mang dien
fi
tichq =-9,6.lO-'^C. _ H :
a) Tinh life tTnh dien giffa hai hat. 'iff''
b) Tinh so electron dirtrong moi hat bui, biet dien tich moi electron la e = 1,6.10-"C.
*" Bai giai y-• - ^ . r.
a) Lffc tTnh dien giffa hai hat , 1'\
Vuong goc Ciang do Idn ,-13x2
(-9,6.10-'-')
Ta cd: F = k = k^=9.10'. = 9,216.10'^C '
R' R^ (3.10-^)2
Vay: Life tTnh dien giffa hai hat la F = 9,216.10-'^C
A\
4
Cty TIMHH MTV UWH khang V i ^
B6i diiBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t?p 1 - IMguygn Phu B6ng
Bai giai ^,, ,

b) So electron diT trong moi hat bui
a) Dp Idn life hU'dng tarn dat len electron
-9,6.10"
Ta c6: ne = — = = 6.10'. Vi life hU'dng tam trong chuyen dong tron cua electron quanh hat nhan chinh
e -19
1,6.10 Smi v'c,fy ::r"!,;..I la life tTnh dien nen:
Vay: So' electron d\X trong moi hat bui la ne = 6.10^ (-1,6.10~'^).1,6.10
^-19
^1^2
1.3. Moi proton c6 khoi liTdng m = l,67.10""kg, dien tich q = 1,6.10""C. Hoi life FM =k = 9.10". = 9,2.10-* N
R^ (5.10"")2
day Culong giiya hai proton Idn hdn li/c hap dan giffa chiing bao nhieu Ian?
Vay: Do Idn life hU'dng tam dat len electron la: Fh, = 9,2.10"* N. *"- ^
Bai giai
b) Van toe va tan so chuyen dong cua electron , ,
- L\ic day Cu-16ng giffa hai proton la: F = k = k- ,2 ' ' 1-11
mv 9,2.10"'.5.10" , M ,
Ta c6: Fh, = « 2,25.10'm/s
m,m2
= Gm
R m i 9,1.10
-31
- Lire hap dan giifa hai proton la: F ' = G

R^ R^ 2,25.10^
va n = « 0,71.10"/s.
-27
27tR 2.3,14.5.10'"
F' G m 6,67.10 1,67.10
- Suy ra: — = —. = 1,35.10,36 Vay: Van to'c va tan so' chuyen dong cija electron la Fh, « 2,25.lO' m/s va
-19
F k 9.10^ 1,6.10
n « 0,71.10"/s.
Vay: Life day Cu-16ng giffa hai proton Idn hdn life hap dan giCfa chung 1.6. Hai vat nho mang dien tich dat trong khong khi each nhau doan R = Im, day
1,35.10^'' Ian. nhau bang life F = 1,8N. Dien tich to'ng cong cua hai vat la Q = 3.10"^C. Tinh
1.4. Hai vat nho giong nhau, moi vat thifa mot electron. Tim kho'l lu'dng m6i vat dien tich moi vat.
de life tlnh dien bang life hap dan. -.1 :v ^ '
Bai giai
Bai giai /.
^1^2
2 - Theo dinh luat Cu-16ng, taed: F = k
11^2 R^
- Life tmh dien giiJa hai vat la: F = k = k-
R^ R^ FR2 1,8.1^
^1^2 = 2.10-10 (1)
mjmj
-G m 9.10'^ •;t, .1
- Life hap dan giifa hai vat la: F' = G
R^ R^ - Matkhac: - Q = 3.10"^ - (2)
^1+^2
- D e F = F'thi:
- VT hai dien tich day nhau nen qi va q2 cung dau va ciing du'dng (suy ra tif de
k ^ = G i ^ bai). Do do:
m = .J^ =1,6.10-'^ 1,86.10-kg.
,-10
R^ R^ 6,67.10"" qiq2 = 2.10 d')
Vay: De life tTnh dien b^ng life hap dan thi khoi lifdng cua moi vat phai la q , + q 2 = 3.10-' ^ (2') /, - >
m= 1,86.10"^ kg. - Giai he (1') va (2') ta difdc: r " ® ^ ^ k r - - ^ '
1.5. Electron quay quanh hat nhan nguyen tuT hidro theo quy dao tron vdi ban q, = 2.10' C va q2 = l O ' C hoac q, = 10"' C va q2 = 2.10-' C.
kinhR = 5.10""m. Vay: Dien tich moi vat la: •' '
a) Tinh do Idn life hifdng tarn dat len electron. q, = 2.10-' C va q2 = l O ' C hoac q, = 10 C v^ q2 = 2.10 C.
b) Tinh van toe va tan so'chuyen dong cua electron. 1.7. Hai qua cau kim loai nho nhu nhau mang cac dien tich qi, q2 dat trong khong
Coi electron va hat nhan trong nguyen tur hidro tUdng tac theo djnh luat tTnh khi each nhau R = 2cm, day nhau bang life F = 2,7.10^N. Cho hai qua cau
dien.
Bdi diJ8ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWHJ<h.nq Vi?t
tiep xiic nhau roi lai diTa ve vi tri cu, chiing day nhau bang lye F' = 3,6.10^N. _ Lire tac dung len q2: Fj = Fj2 + F32 =^ F2 = F12-F32 (Fj2;F32 ngiTdcchieu)
Tinhqi,q2.
qiq2 1 3 ^ 2 = 9.10'. ( - 1 0 " ' ) . 5 . 1 0 " 4.10"^5.10-
Bai giai .F, =k
AB= BC^ (5.10-^)' (10"')2
- Khi hai qua cau chU'a tiep xuc, ta c6:
FR^ ^2,7.10-^(2.10'^)^ .F2= 16,2.1 0 " ' N
F =k k ~ 9.10^ = 12.10
_ Lire tdc dung len qs: F3 = Fjj + F23 => F3 = F13 + F23 (F,3;F23 cung chieu)
=> qiq2 = 12.10'^ (1) (hai qua cau day nhau)
(-10"^).4.10" 5.10 ^4.10"
- Khi cho hai qua cau tiep xiic nhau roi tach ra xa nhau thi: F' = k
q;q2
.F3 = k I l l s + k ^ ' ' ' ' = 9.10'.( (4.10 ' ) ' + (10"')'
R^ AC^
.F3 = 2 0 , 2 5 . 1 0 " ' N
vai: q ; = q ^ = ^ 1.9. Ba dien tich diem q, = 4.10"^C, q2 = -4.10"^C, q3 = 5.10"*C dat trong khong
khi tai ba dinh ABC cua mot tarn giac deu, canh a = 2cm. Xac dinh vectd life
^1+^2 tac dung len q3. , ; „,,:•< is^jj. , .
-4
=> F' = k (q,+q2)= ±2RJ|^ = ±2.2.10"' 3,6.10 Bai giai
R^ V 9.10^
=^(q,+q2)= ±8.10-^ (2) Ta c6: F3 = ^^3 + F23, vdi F,3 = ; F23 =k
- Giai he (1) va (2) ta di^dc: q, = 6.10"' C va qz = 2.10 ' C; q, = -6.10"' C va
-v-9 a" a
q2 = -2.10"' C hoac q, = 2.10"' C va qz = 6.10"' C; q, = -2.10"' C va qz = -6.10"' C. Vi ll =12 .F,3 13'*23 = 120°
= F23Va a = (F,3,F23)
Vay: Dien tich cua cac qua cau khi chU'a tiep xiic nhau la: qi = 6.10"'C va 4.10"'.5.10
q2 = 2.10"'C; q, = -6.10"'C va qs = -2.10"'C hoac q, = 2.10"'C va q2 = 6.10"'C; =>F3 = F,3 = F23 = 9.10' = 45.10-^N
(2.10"')'
qi=-2.10"'Cvaq2 = -6.10"'C.
Vay: Vectd life tdc dung len q3 c6:
2. H ; G TONG HglP TAG DyNG LEN MOT D l t N TIGH + diem dat: tai C.
+ phi/dng: song song vdi AB.
1.8. Ba dien tich diem q, = -10"'C, q2 = 5.10"'C, = 4.10"'C Ian lu-dt dat tai A, + chieu: tiTAdenB.
B, C trong khong khi, AB = Scm, AC = 4cm, BC = 1cm. Tinh life tac dung len + doldtn:F3 = 45.10"^N. _i i
moi dien tich. , , , 1.10. Ba dien tich diem qi = qj = q3 = q =
Bai giai 1,6.10""C dat trong chan khong tai ba
Ta c6: AB = 5cm, AC = 4cm, BC = 1cm => AB = AC + CB C nkm trong dinh tarn giac deu canh a = 16cm. Xac
doan AB. djnh lire tac dung len dien tich q3.
c
B
e-
Bai giai
qi •" "" q3 q2
- Life tac dung len qi: Fj = F 2 j + F 3 1 =^ Fi = F21 + F31 (F^^pPsi '^""g'^hilu) Taco: F3 = F,, + F23, vdi
I1I3
1211 I3I1 5.10"V-10"'') 4.10-'.(-10"^) Fi3 =k
=>F, =k +k = 9.10'.( ( 5 . 1 0 " ' ) ' ) a
AB' AC^ ( 4 . 1 0 -2x2
"')
F23 = k I2I3
F, = 4 , 0 5 . 1 0 " ' N
a
B6i duBng hoc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11, tjp 1 - NguySn PhO Dflng
C t y T N H H MTV DVVti |-,lunu UiAt
. F,3 = va a = (F,3,F23) = 60° => F 3 = 2F,3Cos-^ = 2 k \0 q i % 12%

F23
vdi Fio = k——; F20 -k ;F3o =k
^ F 3 = 2.9.10-/''^-'^7f.^ = 15,6.10-N vdi F20 = F30 ( V I qi = q3); b = |h = =^ va a = {F^^'ô) = J20°
(i6.io"2)2 2 I r
=> F23 = 2F20COS - = 2k ^ 2 % .cos60° = '2F0
Vay: Vectcf liTc tac dung len q3 c6:
+ diem dat: tai C.
+ phu'dng; vuong gdc vdi AB. F23 = 9.10
+ chieu: ra xa AB.
+ do l d n : F 3 = 15,6.10-^'N.
1.11. Ba dien tich diem qj = 27.10'^C, qj = 64.10"^C, q3 = -10"'C dat trong khong
khi tai ba dinh tam giac ABC vuong goc tai C. Cho AC = 30cm, BC = 40cm. va F,o =k
Xac dinh vectd liTc tac dung len q3.
Bai giai
Taco: ^ = + , vdi: a = 27.10"".(-10"'')
(F,3,F23) = 90°
111.! 6.10^8.10"^
F„ = k = 9.10^ = 27.10^N =>F,o = 9.10". = 3,6.10^N
AC^ (3.10"')^ 92
64.10"^(-10"'')
e.io-^Vi „.:d3f:! f|.:>f& 'O'ff! f'V
F23 = k = 9.10".
h2% = 36.10^N iMs sill •
(4.10"')^ =^ Fo = 3,6.10^ + 4,8.10"^ = 8,4.10"'N Ann
=>F3= >/F^TF^ = V(27.10-^)^+(36.10"^)^ =45.10'^N Vay: Vectd life tac dung len qo cd: ,
Vay: Vectd liTc tac dung len q^ cd: + diem dat: tai O.
+ diem dat: tai C. + phiTdng: vuong gdc vdi BC. \
+ phiTdng: CO (O la trung diem AB). + chieu: tij" A den BC.
+ doldn:Fo = 8,4.10-^N. " ^
13 _ AC
(tan OCB =
_
) 1.13. Hai dien tich q, = 4.10'^C, q2 = -12,5.10"*C dat tai A, B trong khong khi,
F23 BC AB = 4cm. Xac dinh lire tac dung len qj = 2.10"'C dat tai C vdi CA 1 AB va
+ chieu: tiT C den O. CA = 3cm. F '
+ do Idn: F3 = 45.10"'N. \: - Bai giai

1.12. Tai ba dinh tam giac deu canh a = 6cm trong khong khi cd dat ba dien tich Tacd: F 3 = F , 3 + F 2 3 = ^ F3 = J F ,X' + F,^y
q, = 6.10'"C, q2 = q3 = - 8.10"'C. Xac dinh liTc tac dung len qo = 8.10~'C tai
tam tam giac. ;
Bai giai , Ox n^m ngang, Oy thdng diJng. .!)':'
T a c d : ^ = F , , + E , o - f 4 = F,o+F23, 1,! ^ 5 B
4.10^210"^
AC
11%
Fn =k = 9.10'^ ,-2x2 = 8.10^N
(3.10-^)
10 11
B6i clL0ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phd Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi?t
(-12,5.10"^).210"^ Vay: LiTc tac dung len m 6 i dien tich c6:

1213
F23 =k = 9.10^ = 9.10-^N + d i e m dat: tai cac dien tich.
BC^ (5.10-2)2
+ phU'cfng: AvtUng thang noi dien tich tSm luc giac.
+ chieu: ttr tarn luc giac ra.
Fx = F , 3 ( x , + F23(x, = 0 + F 2 3 . C O S B = F 2 3 . ^ = 9.10^. ^ = 7,2.10-^N •
BC 5 q2 (15 + 4 ^ 3 )
AC + do Idn: F = k-
Fy = F,3(y, + F23(y, = F , 3 - F23.sinB = F , 3 - F 2 3 . ^ = 8.10"^ - 9.10^. - = 2,6.10^N 12
BC
1.15. Bon dien tich q giong nhau dat d 4 dinh tu" dien deu canh a. T i m life tac
= > F 3 = V(7,2.10~'*)2+(2,6.10-^)2 = 7,65.10-^•N dung len m o i dien tich.
Vay: Vectd life tac dung len c6: ^ ' B a i giai
+ d i e m dat: tai C. - j Do tinh doi xu'ng nen ta chi can khao sat mot dien tich ba't k i , ch^ng han dien
tich tai D tren hinh ve.
+ phU'cfng: hdp vdi A C mot goc P: cosP =
„2
2F13F3
T a c o : F = F , + F 2 + F 3 = F , + F 2 3 , v d i : F, = F2 = F 3 = k ^ .
(8.10^'*)^ +(7,65.10"*)" -(9.10~^)2
=> cosP = « 0,34 => p « 70° 2 r
2.8.10"^7,65.10~^ - V i F2 = F 3 ; B D C = 60° =^ F 2 3 = 2F2Cos30° = 2 k ^ . — = ^ / i k ^ R
'23
+ dp l d n : F 3 = 7,65.1 O ^ N . ^'-^ ' ' C - vty,, V''"' 2 2
1.14. C6 6 dien tich q b^ng nhau dat trong khong k h i tai 6 dinh luc giac deu canh n^m tren diTdng cao H D .
a. T i m lire tac dung len m o i dien tich. »| va F^ = F^ + F23 + 2 F 1 F 2 3 C O S P , v d i :
B a i giai „ AD^+HD^-AH^ \r
cosp = •
D o tinh doi xiJng nen ta chi can khao sat mot dien tich ba't k i , ch^ng han dien 2.AD.HD
tich tai B tren hinh ve.
aV3 1V3
Ta c6: F = F, + F3 + F4 + F5 + F,, v d i : a2 +
2 V 2 , _
,2
F, = F 3 = k 5 - ; a = 120°
2a.
w5
2 t.
=>F,3 = F, = F3 = k-
f 2^ 2 r 2V B
=>F^ = +
F 3 = k 4 = k - ^ = k - 3 i (c = 2a) D a a J
c^ (2a)2 4a2
Q2 2
F4 = Ffi = k \ k - 3 - ; b ' = ( 2 a ) ' - a ' = 3 a ^ p = 60°
b^ 3a2
V a y : Life tdc dung len m o i dien tich c6:
F 4 6 = 2F4Cos30° = 2k (3) + d i e m dat: tai cac dien tich. ' '•u >
3a2 2
+ phiTcfng: hdp v d i mat tur dien mot g6c a: cosa ^ — —
F =F , . F 3 . F . =k 4.k4.k^ .k4/'^"^^ 2 F E23
4a2'"3a2 '" a^ ' 12 ^3
12 13
B6i du8ng hpc sinh gi6i V?t ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang ViSt
2 2
f 2> ( 2 > ( 2\- TiTdng tir doi v d i cac d i e n tich q2, qs va q4.
— - Vay: D o Idn liTc tac dung len m o i dien tich la F « 0,45.10"'N.
I a' J I ^ J
2V2
cosa = a = 160°30'
0 Taco: = q2 = I 3 " I 4 ^2 q'4
2V^k^.Vik%-
Do'i v d i q,: Fi - F^, + + F^j + F,,, + F2,i + Vy, + V^., v d i :
+ do \dn:F= V6k^. F2, = F 4 , = F r i = k \ ; F 3 , = k = k-

(aVi)' 3a^
1.16. ffinh lap phiTdng A B C D , A ' B ' C ' D ' canh a = 6.10"'°m dat trong chan khong, 1
Xac djnh life tac dung len m o i dien tich, ne'u: • Fri = F 3 i = F 4 i = k • = k-
(aV2)' 2a^
a) Co 2 dien tich q , = q2 = 1,6.10-"C tai A, C; 2 dien tich qa = q4 = - 1 , 6 . 1 0 - " C
t a i B ' va D ' . F 2 , = k \ ; F 2 , ( y ) = 0;F2,(z) = 0
F21(x) -
b) Co 4 d i e n tich q = 1,6.10""C va 4 dien tich - q dat xen ke nhau d 8 dinh cua
hinh lap phiTdng. F j K x ) = F31(y) = - F 3 l C O S 4 5 °
B a i giai
= -k-
a) Ta c6: 4 •\2'_.
2a2' 2
- Do'ivdiqi: F, = + F3, + F^,, F31(z) = 0
vdi: F21 = F31 = F41 : 0; F4i(y) = F41 = k \ ; F 4 i ( z ) = 0

F41(x)
„2 2i
= k •= k-
(aV2)^ 2a^ Fri(x) = 0; Fn(y) = 0; Fn(z) = F n - k -
/I
F21(x) = F21(y) = - F 2 l C 0 S 4 5 ° ;v'
q^ 72 j-Uxl =
F^r.(x) —.F2.„z) = -F2-,cos45° = - k - ^ ^ . — =-—• k \ F2.,(y) = 9
= -k- '2a2'2 4 a^
2a^ 2
„2
F3'i(x) = Fruy) = Fruz) = F r . c o s A ' A C = k
F3UX, = F 3 , ( . , = F3,cos45° = = ^k^' Sa^'aVi 9 • a^
2a2 2
F4i(y) = F4i(z, = F4iCos45° = k k ^ ' 0; F4-i(y) = F4'i(z) = - F 4 ' , c o s 4 5 ° =

• 4-l(x) = -k
'23^ ' 2 4 a'
2a2 2
if => F u = F2l(x) + F3i(x) + F4i(x) + Fn(x) + F2-i(x) + FS-KX) + F4-l(x)
= > F i x = F2i(x) + F3i(x) = — - k ^ +• 4~2k ^ =0
4 a^ 4 a-
a^ 4 4 a^ 9 a^
F ,ly
v -= r2l(y)
F2HV, ++ F4UV)
r4i(y), = - — + ^ k ^ = 0
4 a- 4 a-
2 2 9 a^ /iSIO&snU:-
riz - r 3 | ( 2 ) + ^41(2) = — ^ K — +
=> F,y = F21(y) + F31(y) + F4|(y) + Fi'Ky) + F2-l(y) + Fs'Ky) + F4'l(y)
4 a. 2 4 '"-2 2
.9.10\ '— « 0,45.10"'N

2 2 (6.10-'0)2
14 1
B6i duSng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguygn Phu D6ng
TCr do: ,^ ,
+ C nam tren du'dng thang A B , ngoai doan A B , ve phia A .
F l z = F2I(z) + F3i(z) + F4i(z) + Fri(z) + F2-l(z) + FS-KZ) + F4-i(z) ' > * M

+ BC = 3AC = 3 ( B C - AB) BC = | A B = | . 8 = 12cm va A C = ^.12 = 4cm.
Vay: Phai dat tai C , vdi A C = 4cm; B C = 12cm thi q3 se nam can bang,
a " a - a- b) Dau va dp Idn cua q3 de qi, q2 cung can bang
- De qi va q2 cung can bang thi: C A B
-Q-
2 9 a- . 4 H
F2, + F31 = 0 va F|2 + F32 =0 F21 = F 3 , va F12 = F32.
^2^1 , ^3^1 1i'l2 , 1312

=k va k = k
AB^ AC^ AB' BC'
2 9 a-
AC -7
13 = I 2 1,8.10 = 0,45.10"'C
AB
_ V i q , < 0 ; q 2 > 0 ^ q 3 > 0 : qj = 0,45.10"'C.
F,=v^.t(,-:^.:^)k4]=(V^-Vi:?4)ki
2 9 a 3' ^2 Vay: De q, va qa cung can bang thi qj = +0,45.lO'^C.
1.18. Tai ba dinh tarn giac deu, ngu'di ta dat 3 dien tich giong nhau qi = q2 = q3 =
F, = ( ^ / 3 - ^ / ^ 5 + l ) • 9 . 1 0 ^ ^ i ^ ^ : l ^ « 0,54.10-^N q = 6.10~^C. Phai dat dien tich thuf tUqo d dau, la bao nhieu de he can bang?
3 (6.10-'°)2 " ' i.'
Bai giai
- TiTdng tiT cho cac dien tich khac. • >
- Cac lire dien tac dung vao qo: FJQ , FJQ va FJQ .
VSy: Do Idn cua life dien tac dung len moi dien tich la F « 0,54.1 O - ' N .
De qo can b^ng thi: F,Q + F2Q + FJQ = 0
•fW •-'"n • , - . ,1,/. ,|i •
3. SlJ C A N B A N G C U A D I E N T I C H ^''^ Vi qi = q2 = q3 = q = 6. lO^C => qo n^m d tarn
1.17. Hai dien tich q, = -2.10"^C, q2 = 1,8.10"^C dat trong khong khi tai A va B, tarn giac ABC.
AB = / = 8cm. Mot dien tich qa dat tai C. Hoi: - V i tinh doi xiJng cua he nen de he can bang ta
a) C ct dau de q3 n^m can bhng? Ichi can xet them dieu kien can bang cua mot
b) Da'u va do Idn cua qs de qi, q2 cung can bang. Itrong ba dien tich kia, chang han q3. De q3 can ^
* * Bîgiai Ib^ng thi: Fo3 + Fj3 + F23 = 6
a) V i tri cua C de qs nhm can b^ng
I1I3I 73 I1I3 Ills
- Cac life dien tac dung len qs: F j j . F j j . ' r ^ F o 3 = F'3 = 2F,3Cos30° = 2k = Vik (F,3 = F 2 3 = k )
2
- De q3 nkm can bing thi: F^J + F23 = 0 => F j j = - F j j => F j j . F j j cung phu'dng,
I0I3 1113 I0I3
3k = V3k (Fo3 = k
a' a 3 2 3
ngifdc chieu va c&ng do Idn: Fo = F23 <=> k
AC^ BC^
I0 •Il = .6.10-''= 3,46.10-^C
fAcV 3 3
A B
jVi q,, q2, q3 > 0 nen qo < 0.
^2 [BCJ 18 9 t-
I Vay: De he can bang tW ph; j.io-'c.
17
.16
Bfii dugng hpc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, t^p 1 - NguySn PhCi B6ng CtyTNHH MW'DWHJ<h.ng Vi^t
1.19. d moi dinh hinh vuong canh a c6 dat dien tich Q = lO'^C. Xac dinh dau, dp q2 10"^10
Idn dien tich q dat d tarn hinh vuong de ca he dien tich can bang? q = l. mg = 3.10-^'. = lO^C.
Bai giai hay k 1^^ = mg \^VK
V a y : D i e n tich q = 10-*C. ' "
- Vi dien tich d cac dinh hinh vuong nh\S nhau nen dien tich q dat d tarn hinh
vuong luon can bhng. 1.21. Hai qua cau kim loai nho giong nhau treo vao mot diem bdi hai day / =
- Vi he CO tinh doi xufng nen chi can xet dieu kien can b^ng cua mot trong cac 20cm. Truyen cho hai qua cau dien tich tong cpng Q = 8.10"^C, chung day
dien tich con lai, chdng han dien tich dat d D. nhau, cac day treo hdp thanh goc 2a = 90°. Cho g = lOm/sl
- De dien tich dat d D nam can bang thi: Fj4 + F24+F34+Fq= 6 a) Tim khoi lu'dng moi qua cau.
b) Truyen them cho mot qua cau dien tich q', hai qua cau van day nhau nhu'ng
=:>F'4 + F24 = Fq ( F , 4 + F 3 4 - F 4 ) g6c giiJa 2 day treo giam con 60°. Tinh q'. '
Bai giai ;:';•;:! si
a) Khoi liTdng moi qua cau . «
Ta c6: Kho'i lifdng moi qua cau la m; dien tich moi qua cau \k
-7
Q 8.10 = 4.10-'C.
- Cac liTc tac dung len mot qua cau: trpng liTc P , liTc c^ng day T v^ life dien F .
- Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + f + F = 6.
- Suy ra: F = P t a n a o k ^ =mg.tan45°(r= l\/2)
kq^ kq^
=>m = (lV2)^g.tan45° 2l2g.tan45°
-T\2
9.10 .(4.10'0
m=
2.(2.10')^10.1
- De Q ct D n^m can bhng thi q < 0 q = -—(2yf2 + \). = l,8.10-\g=l,8g.
4 Vay: Kho'i lu'dng cua moi qua cau la m = l,8g.
b) Dien tich truyen them cho mot qua cau
Vay: De ca he can bang thi q = - ^ ( 2 ^ / 2 +1). - Khi truyen cho mot qua cau dien tich q' thi
1.20. Hai qua cau kirn loai nho giong nhau moi qua c6 dien tich q khoi li/cfng goc giffa hai qua cau giam nen q' < 0. Vi
m = lOg, treo hd'i hai day ciing chieu dai / = 30cm vao ciing mot diem. GiiJ hai qua cau van day nhau nen (q + q') > 0.
qua cau I co djnh theo phifdng th^ng diirng, day treo qua cau II se lech goc - Dien tich cua qua cau di/Pc truyen
a = 60" so vdi phiTdng thang diifng. Cho g = lOm/sl Tim q. them dien tich la (q + q').
Bai giai q.(q + q')
- Cac life tac dung len qua cau II: trpng life P , = mg.tan30° (r' = 1}
- ri^dngtiTcaua, t a c 6 : F ' = P t a n a ' o k
lUccSngday f va li/cdien F . H
- Qua cau II nhm can bhng nen: P + f + F = 6. mg.tan30°.l^ 1,8.10"^10.^.(2.10"')^
q + q' kq = 1,15.10-'C '
- Tarn giac liTc "gach gach" 1^ tarn gidc deu n6n: F = P. P 9.10^.4.10 -7
IR, •. . . . • 19
B6i du8ng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 1 1 , t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH M T V DVVHj^h.nj Viet
V i q > 0 ; q ' <Onen: q' = 1,15.10'- 4.10'=-2,85.10 'C.
+ Cac li/c tac dung vao mot qua cau: trong lire P, lire cSng day f, va li/c
Vay: Dien tich truyen them cho mot qua cau la q' =-2,85.10"^C.
1.22 Hai qua cau nho bang kim loai giong nhau treo tren hai day dai vao cCing dien Fj.
mot diem, du'cfc tich dien bang nhau va each nhau doan a = 5cm. Cham nhe
+ Dieu kien can bang cua mot qua cau cho: F, - P t a n ^
tay vao mot qua cau. Tinh khoang each cua chung sau do. 2
Bai giai q a,
= mg.tan — (1)
Goi q, m la dien tich ban dau va khoi liTcJng cua moi qua cau. > , ? =T a, T 2
(2]sin-1)2
- Trirdc khi cham tay vao mot qua cau, dieu kien can bang cua mot qua cau cho: 2
2 Trong dien moi E:
tana = - « — (F = k ^ ; P = mg)
P 21 a + Cac lire tac dung vao mot qua cau: trong lire P, li/c cSng day , lire dien
a 3 ^ 2kq^l F2 va lire day Ac-si-met F^ .

~— => a (1)
a^mg 21 mg + Dieu kien can bang cua mot qua cau cho:
Khi cham tay vao mot qua cau, qua cau do se ma't he't dien tich, life dien giiJa a.
F2 = (P-FA)tan-
hai qua cau khong con nffa, hai qua cau se cham vao nhau va dien tich lai
du'cfc phan bo deu cho hai qua cau (q' = ~ ) ' hai qua cau lai day nhau va = (D,-D2)Vg.tan (2)
a •2 \2
e(2/sin--?)
khoang each giiJa chiing la a', lu'dng tiT, tCf dieu kien can bang ciia mot qua
cau lijc nay ta suy ra: - TiJ(l) va (2)suyra:
2kq^ • 2 «2 a, • 2 Ot,
(2)
mg . 2 _ n tan—*- D, sm -J-tan-i
3 a,
2«1 D,-D,
-1 sin tan ' ^ sm^-^tan-^
a q
— "4
sm^-J-tan—L
=> a = •w 3,15cm Vay: Gia tri cua £ theo D,, D2, a,, a2 la 8 =
D
^ </4 D, - D , • 2 "2 0I7
' ^ sm-^^tan-^
Vay: Khoang each giffa hai qua cau sau khi cham tay la a' « 3,15cm. ' 2 2
1.23. Hai qua cau nho giong nhau khoi lu'dng rieng Di du'dc treo bang hai day b) Dinh D, de a, = a2
nhe Cling chieu dai vao cCing mot diem. Cho 2 qua cau nhiem dien giong D, eD, i> > i i "I .'Mi(
Khi a, = a2 thi E =
nhau, chiing day nhau va cac day treo hdp goc a i . Nhiing he vao chat dien D,-D2 £-1
moi long cd khoi lUdng rieng D2, gdc giila 2 day treo la a2 < a i .
_
Vay: Gia tri cua D, de a, = aj la D, = ^^2
a) Tinh e cua dien moi theo Di, D2, a i , a2.
E ^
b) Dinh D, de aj = a,. , ' ' i>? ^ "f
1-24. Hai dien tich q, = 2.10'^C va q2 = -8.10"'C dat tai A va B trong khong khi,
Bai giai , ,
A B = 8cm. Mot dien tich qa dat d C. Hoi:
a) Tinh e cua dien moi theo Di, D2, tti, a2 ^) C 6 dau de q., can bang? Khi qj can bang, qj phai cd dau nhu" the nao de can
- Trong khong khi: ' • bang nay la can bang ben? khong ben?
20
Cty TNHH MTV DWH ku,^ ^|^,
B6i dU3ng hoc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9
b) Oa'u va do Idn cua qj de he can bang? K h i he can hKng, tW can bang cua he va k
• t
I ben hay khong ben? AB^ AC^ AB^ BC^
B a i giai ÂC^^
q3 = q2 (-8.10"'') = 8.10X
a) V i t r i cua C de q3 n ^ m can bang va dang can bang <" • vAB,
- V i tri cua C • , + V i qi > 0; q2 < 0 => q3 < 0: qj = - 8 . 1 0 ' C . 7 I
+ Cac \\ic d i e n tac dung l e n qf. F j j . F j , . ! ' '

_ Dang can bling cua he: K h i q3 < 0, can bang cua q3, q,, q2 deu la can b^ng
+ D e q3 nam can bang thi: F , , + = 0 => F,3 = -F23 => Fi3,F23 cung phiTdng, ben nen can bang cua he la can bang ben.
V a y : D e qi va q2 cQng can bang thi q^ = -8.10'^C va can bhng cua he la can
ngiTdc chieu va cung dp Idn: F o = F23 o k bang ben. , , ,
AC^ BC'
1.25. Co 3 qua cau cung khoi lu^dng m = lOg treo b^ng 3 sdi day manh cCing
C A B
chieu dai / = 5cm vao cung mot diem O. K h i tich cho moi qua cau dien tich q,
^2 ^BcJ 8 4 F' Chung day nhau, each nhau doan a = 3 V3 cm. T i m q ? Cho g = 1 Om/sl
Tur do: B a i giai
C nam tren du-dng thang A B , ngoai doan A B , ve phia A . - K h i ba qua cau each nhau mot doan a => he can bang. V i he do'i xi?ng nen chi
• can xet mot qua cau, chang han qua cau tai C.
• B C = 2 A C = 2(BC - A B ) => BC = 2 A B = 2.8 = 16cm va A C = - .16 = 8cm.
- V d i qua cau tai C:
- Dang can bang: + Cac lire tac dung len qua cau: cac lire dien F,3,F23; trong lire P3 va liTc
+ N e u q j < 0: K h i difa q j lech
cang day T 3 .
k h o i vj tri can bang thi hdp
+ Qua cau can bang nen: F j j + F23 + P3 + 73 = 6 => F3 + P3 + = 0
lire (F,3+F23) se CO xu
hirdng duâ trd ve vj tri 2/7 2

=>F'3 = P3tana, vdiP3 = mg;F'3 = 2F,3Cos30° = 2k3-.— =Vsk^
can bang cu nen day la ,2 2
can bang ben.
Vik- = mg.tana (1)
+ N e u q3 > 0: K h i diTa q3 lech
k h o i vj t r i can b^ng thi hdp GC
- Tarn giac OGC cho: tan a =
lire ( F j 3 + F 2 3 ) se CO xu GO
hu^dng diTa q^ ra xa vj tri
can bang cu nen day la v d i : G C = ^ C K = i ^ . ^ ; .
3 3 2 3
can bhng khong ben.
V a y : Phai dat q3 tai C, v d i A C = 8cm; BC = 16cm thi q3 se nam can bang va ==>tana= , ^ (2)
can bang do la can bang ben hay khong ben tuy thuoc vao da'u cua q3.
b) Da'u va do \dn cua q3 de q i , q2 cung can bang, dang can bhng cua he
- Da'u va do Idn cua q3 de he can bang
- T i y ( l ) va ( 2 ) s u y r a : y f s k - ^ =
+ D e q , va q2 cung can bang thi: F21 + F 3 , = 0 va F,2 +F32 - 0 => F21 = F3, mga'
va F,2 = F32.
B6i duSng hoc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tjp 1 - IMguygn Phu D6ng
L6 xo CO chieu dai / ( 2 L >l> lo) nhuThinh ve. Xac dinh gia trj cua q?
mga = 3 ^ 3 .10^1
0,01.10.373.10"^
= a B a i giai na, vrs-it'nu'-i' ;
3.9.10% (5.10-^)^-^^:'?">! V i he C O tinh doi xifng nen ta ehi can xet mot qua cau, chang han qua cau
ben phai (hinh ve):
Cac liTc tac dung l e n qua cau: trong life P ; life dien F ; liTc dan hoi F , ; life
.10'^ = 1,14.10^C
quan tinh F^ ; liTc cang day T .
• fjiiVi-.'sri'fiCr
V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i qua cau la q = ± 1,14.10"^C.
_ Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + F + Fj + F + T = 0 (1)
1,26. M o t vong day ban kinh R = 5cm tich dien Q phan bo deu tren vong, vong
dat trong mat phang thang diJng. Qua cau nho m = I g tich dien q = Q diTdc _ Tir(l)suyra: F - F, = (P + F;,)tana '•îsl ,. . - i ^ ^ . g W i. (2)
treo bKng mot day manh each dien vao diem cao nha't cua vong day. K h i can
k ^ - k ' ( / - / o ) = (mg + m | ) . -
bang, qua cau nam tren true cua vong day. Chieu dai cua day treo qua cau la 1^
/ = 7,2cm, tinh Q.
Bai giai i UJ
- Cac lire tac dung len qua cau: trong liTc P ; life dien F ; liTc cang day T . ^2 3
:^ k ^ l = ^mg. . ' +k'(/-/o)
- Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + F + T = 0 .
P - - ,
- Tarn giac lU'c "gach gach" cho: F = , vdi: F = I d F (tong cac liTc dien 3mgl
tana + 2k'(l-lo)
cua cac phan tuf nho cua vong day tac dung len q)
kq 3mgl
P = mg; F = ZdF.eosa = ZdQ.cosa= V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i qua cau la =1 + 2k'(l-lo)
I'
kQ' mg
—-^.cosa =
tana
Chmendil: DIEN TRi/dNG
kQ^ mg mgl
(sina = y ) A. T O MT A TKIEN THirC
sma R
I. Di^ntrirt/ng '
10--\l0.7,2.10"^ 1. Di^n triftfng: D i e n triTdng sinh ra bdi dien tich Q la viing khong gian ton
Q =7,2.10-1, = 9.10-^C. •)OQ:ilmmT
" kR V 9.10'^.5.10"^ tai xung quanh dien tich Q va tac dung liTc dien l e n dien tich khdc dat
V a y : D i e n tich cua vong day la Q = ± 9. IO"*C. trong no.

M
1.27. Hai qua cau nho cung khoi \\idng m, du'dc tich dien giong nhau q. Chiing 2. CiftJfng dp dipn trvliing: CiTdng dp dien
du'dc no'i vdi nhau bang mot 16 xo nhe each dien, chieu tn/5ng do dien tich diem Q gay ra tai diem Q>0 E M
dai tif nhien cua lo xo la /o, dp ciJng k ' . M o t sdi chi, M each Q mot doan r eo: 0-—^
+ D i e m dat: T a i M . Q<0
each dien, manh, nhe khong dan, c6 chieu dai 2 L , moi
dau day ehi dUdc gan vdi mot qua cau. Cho diem giffa + Phu-Png: Dirdng thang noi Q va M .
O cua sdi day chi chuyen dong thang duTng hu'dng len + Chieu: HiTdng ra xa Q neu Q > 0; hiTdng ve Q neu Q < 0.
vcti gia toe a , c6 dp Idn bang ^ (g gia toe rPi tif do). + Do Idn: E = - . (k = 9 . 1 0 ' ^ ( ^ ^ ) ; e: h^ng so dien m o i ) .
e r
Bfii dUSng hpc sinh gidi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
3 . MO'i quan h$ giffa ctfcfng do di§n trUcfng Itfc d i ^ n trtfcfng: K h i dat dien
+ Neu(Ej,E2)=a va E, = E 2 thi E = 2 E , . c o s | .
tich thur q trong dien trong dien truf&ng E thi q se chju tac dung ciia life
dien trUtJng F , v d i : " j ' " i - - ... i-- • u Tri/cJng hdp dien tich nam can bang trong dien triTdng thi tit d i e u k i e n can
+ C h i e u : q > 0 : F , E cung chieu; q < 0: F , E ngiTOcchieu. * bingvllirc: F = F,+F2+... = 6
+ Do Idn: F = IqlE. : - ta CO the diTa vao phifdng phap "tam giac life", phiTdng phap hinh chieu nhiT da
4. N g u y e n l i c h o n g cha't d i $ n t r t f t f n g : N e u trong M E, diing cf chuyen de 1 de xac dinh cac dai lu'dng can tim theo cac dai lu'dng da cho.
khong gian c6 nhieu dien tich d i e m Q i , Q2, ... thi Do'i vdi nhffng vat c6 kich thffdc (c6 hinh dang dac biet), de tinh cffdng dp
dien trUdng tdng h d p do cac dien tich nay gay ra dien trffdng do vat do gay ra ta c6 the dung mot trong hai each sau:
tai d i e m M each Q i , Q2, ... Ian lUdt la r i , Vj, ... la: + Cac/i 7: Phi^cJng phap vi phan: ^ '
E = E,+E2+... E • Chia vat thanh nhieu vat raft nho, moi vat nho do dffdc coi nhiT mot dien
11. D i n h h' O s t r o g r a d s k i - Gauss tich d i e m . rJy->'y^r 'ii','' • ••' •
• Cffdng dp dien trffdng do vat gay ra la tong hdp cua cffdng dp dien triTdng
1. D i ^ n thong: Dien thong (thong liTdng dien
tru'dng) qua dien tich S la dai lu'dng xac dinh b d i : do nhieu vat ra't nho (dien tich diem) gay ra: E = l A E j
N = ES.cosa ( a la goc hdp bdi vectd E va phap • TCf tinh doi xilng cua vat ta xac dinh dffdc hufdng va dp Idn cua E .
'{ tuyen n cua dien tich S ) + Cdch 2: Phu'dng phap dung dinh l i 0 - G :
2. D j n h If O s t r o g r a d s k i - Gauss; D i e n thong qua mat k i n c6 gia trj bang • Tinh dien thong: N = ES.cosa ( a la goc hdp bdi hiTdng cua E va hffdng
tong dai so' cac dien tich c6 mat ben trong mat do chia cho SQ : phap tuyen n ciia S).
N = — E q ; = 47iklq; , ; - vf^'-"".: • ^' • Dung djnh l i 0 - G : N = — S q ; = 47tklq;

^0 ^0
B. NHtJNQ CHU Y KHI GlAl BAI TAP C. C A C BAI T A P V £ DIEN TRUdNQ * '
- Can phan biet giffa yeu cau " t i n h " va "xac d i n h " cffdng dp dien trffdng: tinh 1. CUOING DO D I E N TRl/OfNG DO D I ^ N T I C H D I E M G A Y R A . LlJC
(tinh do Idn), xac dinh (ca d i e m dat, phffdng, chieu va dp Idn). DIEN TRUCJNG T A C DVNG L E N D I E N T I C H D I E M
- K h i bieu dien vectd cffdng dp dien trffdng do mot dien tich d i e m gay ra can 2.1. Q u a cau bang k i m loai, ban kinh R = 5cm dffdc tich dien diTdng q, phan bo deu.
chu y den dau cua dien tich: Q > 0 ( E hudng xa Q ) , Q < 0 ( E hiTdng ve Q ) .
T a dat a = la mat dp dien mat (S: dien tich mat cau)
Cong thUiC tinh cffdng dp dien triTdng do dien tich d i e m gay ra cung di/dc
s
dung de tinh cffdng dp dien trffdng do mot qua cau tich dien phan bo deu gay
Cho a = 8,84.10''' C / m l Hay tinh dp Idn cua ciTdng dp dien triTdng tai diem
ra vdi r la khoang e a c h tCr tam qua cau den d i e m ta xet.
each be mat qua cau doan 5cm.
- Trffdng hdp c6 nhieu dien tich d i e m Q i , Q 2 , . . . gay ra tai d i e m M cac ciTdng
B a i giai
dp dien trffdng E , , E 2 t h i ta dung nguyen l i chong cha't dien trffdng de xac
Chpn mat Gauss la mat cau S' dong tam vdi qua cau, ban kinh r = 10cm.
dinh cirdng dp dien triTdng tong hdp tai M . D e tinh dp Idn ciTdng dp dien
~ D i e n thong qua m a t s ' l a : N = ES'.cos a = E S ' = E . 4 7 I T ^
trffdng tong hdp tai M can chii y cac trUdng hdp dac biet sau:
~ Theo dinh l i 0 - G ta cd: N = 4 r t k l q i = 47tkoS = 47ika.47tR^ = 167r^R^ka.
+ N e u E p E 2 Cling chieu thi E = Ej + E 2 .
=>E.47cr2 = 1 6 7 r ^ R 2 k o = > E = 4 7 i k ( - ) ^ a
+ N e u E j , E 2 ngi/dc chieu thi E = IE, - E2I.
=>E = 4.3,14.9.10^(—)^8,85.10-^ = 2 , 5 . l O W / m .
+ N e u E p § 2 vuong goc thi E = Ê^+E^ . 10 -
27 •
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguy§n Phu D6ng
Vay: Dp Idn cua cUdng dp dien trUdng tai diem each be mat qua ciu doan a) H, trung diem AB.
M each A 1cm, each B 3em.
5cmla E = 2,6.1 OW/m.
2.2. Proton dirpcdat vao dien tru'dngdeuE= 1,7.1 OV/m. ,• c) N hdp vdi A, B thanh tarn giac deu. i''
a) Tinh gia toe cua proton, biet mp = 1,7.10 " k g . Bai giiii
b) Tinh van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm (van toe dau bang ^ Vectd cirdng dp dien triTdng tai trung diem 11 cua AB
khong). Ta c6: E^=E^+E^ . ' '
Bai giai Vi Ej eung chieu vdi Ej nen EH = E I + E2.
a) Gia toe cua proton: Bo qua trpng li/c tac dung vao proton, gia toe cua proton la:
^-19 vdi E, = k — i - ; E 2 = k . . A H = B H - — = - = - = lcm =10-^m
F 2 2 2
^ = 1,6.10" m/s' AH^ BH'
a= —
'm mp 1,7.10'^' . I'
,9 4.10
. E H = 9.10^ = 72.10' V/m
Vay: Gia toe eiia proton trong dien tru'dng la a = 1,6.10''* m/s^. (10-^)^ i\o~^f
E,
b) Van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm
Vay: Vectd cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai H eo: ©- -
Taco: v 2 - V ( ^ = 2 a s =^ v = ^ v ^ + 2as = +2.1,6.10''*.0,2 =8.10^m/s H E2 EH B
+ diem dat: tai H. ^
Vay: Van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm la v = 8.10'' m/s. + phu'dng: du'dng thang AB.
2.3. Electron dang chuyen dpng vdi van toe VQ = 4.10^m/s thi di vao mot dien + chieu: ttj" A den B (eung chieu vdi E, va E^).
trU'cJng deu, cUdng dp dien tru'dng E = 910 V/m, V Q eilng chieu diTdng siJc + dp Idn: E H = 72.10'V/m.
b) Vectd cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai diem M
dien tru'dng. Tinh gia toe va quang du'dng electron chuyen dpng cham dan
deu CLing chieu du'dng siJe. Mo ta chuyen dpng ciia eleetron sau do. Taco: E^=E^+E^
Bai giai - V i A M = AB + B M = > M nam tren diTdng thang AB, ngoai doan AB, ve phia A.
^ ! V i electron mang dien tich am nen life dien tru'dng F tac dung len electron - V i E , ngi/dc chieu vdi E2 nen EM = | E I - E J
se ngu'de chieu vdi chieu dien tru'dng E nghla la ngu'dc chieu vdi chieu -10
4.10
, chuyen dpng cua electron nen electron se chuyen dpng cham dan deu, cung vdi E, = k- = 9.10^. = 36.10' V/m. rV 01} ,
AM^ (10-')'
chieu vdi chieu du'dng sdc dien tru'dng vdi gia toe:
,-10
E2= k .= 9.10'. = 4.10'V/m.
„ , £ . : £ ^ . < - ' . ' ^ - ' ° - " ) ; ' " ' > . - 1 . 6 . 1 0 " nvs' ,-2x2
m m 9,1.10"^' BM' (3.10"^)
= > E M = 36.10^-4.10-^ = 32.10' V/m

v^-v^ 0 - ( 4 10^)^ '
va quang du'dng: s = = f— = 0,05m = 5cm
2a 2.(-I,6.10'^) Vay: Vectd cu'dng dp d i e n triTdng tai M c6:
+ d i e m dat: tai M . E,
- Sau khi diTng lai, dU'di tac dung cua liTc dien tru'dng, electron se thu gia toe a' - e
(a' = -a = l,6.10'Ws^) va chuyen dpng nhanh dan deu theo chieu ngiTdc lai + phufdng: diTdng thang AB.
EM M E^ A
(ngu'de chieu vdi dien tru'dng).
+ chieu: hiTdng ra xa A (eung chieu vdi E , do E i > E2).
2. S\J CHONG C H A T D I E N TRl/OlNG - D I E N T I C H C A N BANG TRONG
+ dp Idn: EM = 32.10'V/m.
D I E N TRUOfNG
c) Vectd eirdng dp dien trUdng tai diem N V 'oi M - ' ' 1
2.4. Cho hai dien tich q, = 4.10'°C, qz = ^ . l O ' ^ C dat d A, B trong khong khi,
Taed: E N = E , + E 2 s«:^>5,n,} n
AB = a = 2em. Xac dinh vectd eiTdng dp dien tru'dng E tai:
28 , ,
Bfii duBng hoc sinh gidi Vat ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhangVigt
+ d i e m dat: tai M .
Vi ; N A = N B = a; a = 120° = > E N = E l = E2 = k
+ phiTdng: dirdng thang A B . K ^2
4.10 -10 + chieu: hu'dng ra xa A. M A B

E N = 9.10'. = 9.10'V/m
(2.10-2)2 + d p l d n : E M = 40.10'V/m.
Vectd eirdng dp dien tru'dng tai d i e m N
V a y : Vectcf ciTdng dp dien trirdng tai N c6: A
+ d i e m dat: tai N. Tacd: EN=E,+E2
+ phi/Png: dirdng thang A B . V i qi| = |q2|;NA = N B = a ; a = 60°

+ chieu: tiT A den B.
A
E N = 2Eieos30° = 2 k ^ cos30° N
+ dp Idn: E N = 9 . 1 0 ' V / m . R
a
2.5. Cho hai dien tich qi = q2 = 4 . 1 0 " ' ° C dat d A, B trong khong k h i , A B = a =
-'° 73
,E„ = 2.9.I0'. « 15,6.10^ V/m
2cm. Xac dinh vectP ciTdng dp dien triTdng E t a i : , -2x2
(2.10"')' 2
a) H , trung d i e m A B .
Vay: Vectd cu'dng dp dien tru'dng tai N eo:
b) M each A 1cm, each B 3cm.
+ d i e m dat: tai N.
c) N hpp vdti A, B thanh tam giac deu.
+ phu'dng: vuong goe vdi A B . A B
Bai giai
+ chieu: hu'dng ra xa A B .
a) VectP cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai trung diem H cua A B
+ dp Idn: E N * 15,6.10^ V/m.
Ta c6: Ej^ = E j +E2 2.6. Hai dien tich qi = S.IO'^C, qj = -S.IO^^C dat tai A, B trong khong k h i , A B =
V i E , ngirpe chieu v d i nen E H = |E, -E^ 4cra. T i m vectd cu'dng dp dien tru'dng tai C tren trung triTc A B , each A B 2em,
suy ra life tac dung len q = 2 . 1 0 ' C dat d C.
vdi El = k-
^2 AB a 2
;E2= k- ; AH = BH = Bai giai
AH^ BH' 2 2 2
- Vectd cu'dng dp dien trUdng tai diem C
-10
4.10-'° ^
= > E H = 9.10^4-'° -9A0'. TT =0
Ta c6: E^, = E , +E2
(10-')' A H E, B
A H A H
Vi
V a y : VeetP cu'dng dp dien tru'dng tai H c6 dp Idn bang 0. 12 ; C A = C B = V C H ' + A H ' ; c o s -2 = cosA =
VCH' + A H '
b) V e c t d eirdng dp dien tru'dng tai diem M
Tacd: Ej^=E,+E2 AH
Ec = 2 E , c o s - =2k
- V i A M = A B + B M = > M nlm tren diTdng thang A B , ngoai doan A B , ve phia A. 2 ( C H ' + A H ' ) ' V C H ' + A H '
- V i Ej Cling chieu vdi E2 nen E M = E I + E2. 8.10- 2.10,-2

Ec = 2.9.10^ = 9>^.10^(V/m)
^-10 [(2.10-')' + ( 2 . 1 0 - ' ) ' ] • 7 ( 2 . 1 0 - ' ) ' + ( 2 . 1 0 - ' ) '
vdi E l = k- = 9.10^.^-^0 = 36.10'V/m.
AM (10-')' V a y : V e c t d cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai C c6:
1+ d i e m dat: tai C.
^2
E2= k- .= 9 . 1 0 ^ . ^ : 1 ° — = 4 . 1 0 ^ V/m. i+ phi/dng: song song vdi A B .
BM' (3.10-')'
chieu: tijf A den B.
= > E M = 36.10^ + 4 . 1 0 ' = 40.10^ V/m
It dp Idn: E c = 9^2.10^ (V/m).
V a y : V e c t d ciTdng dp dien triTdng tai M eo:
30 31
BoiduSng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Mguyen Phi'i Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
- D o Idn life tac dung len q dat tai C:

k_ii_ =9.10^
10-^ 1^ V/m.
Fc = Ec = 2 . 1 0 ' ' . 9^.\0^ » 25,4.10"'N.
BH' (18.10"^)^ 36
Vay: Life tac dung len dien tich q dat tai C c6:
^3 10,-9 9.10'*
+ d i e m dat: tai C. E 3 = k- = 9.10". V/m.
CH' (32.10"^)^ 1024
+ phU'dng: song song vdi A B . ' '
2 / \
+ chieu: cting chieu vdi E,;. (do q > 0). 9.10' 10^_9T0^
=>EH = = 246 V/m.
+ do Idn: Fc « 25,4. l O ^ N . 576 36 1024
2.7. Hai dien tich q, = -IQ-'^C, q2 = lO^C dat tai A , B trong khong k h i , A B = 6cm.
Vay: D o Idn cu^dng do dien tru'dng tai H la E H = 246 V/m.
Xac dinh vectd E tai M tren trung triTc A B , each A B = 4cm.
2.9. Cho bo'n dien tich cdng do Idn q dat tai bon dinh hinh vuong canh a. T i m E
B a i giai •
tai tarn O hinh vuong trong tru'dng hdp bo'n dien tich Ian liTdt cd dau sau:
Ta c6: M A = M B = V A H ' + H M 4^+3' =5cm. a) + + + +. b) + - + - . c)+--+.
A H 3 B a i giai
Vi = 10 *C; cosa = TT~-~ " e n Ei = E2 = k -
MA 5 MA^ .4. aV2
V i q i = q2 = q3 = q4 = q ; r, = r j = r j = r4 = - y - nen E i = E2 = E 3 = E 4 .
10"^ 3
= > E M = 2 E , c o s a = 2.9.10^- a) Trufdng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian lu'dt la + + + +:
(5.10"^)^ 5
= 0,432.10^ V/m. E o = E i + E 2 + E 3 + E 4 = E,3+E24 ^ E o = 0 ';J '
Vay: Cifdng do dien tri/dng tai d i e m M c6: Vay: Tru'dng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian li/dt la + + + + t h i Eo = 0.
+ d i e m dat: tai M . b) Tru'dng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian liTdt la + - + - : :\
+ phi/dng: song song vdi A B . EQ = Ej + E2 + E 3 + E^ = E,3 + E24 => Eo = 0

+ chieu: ttr B den A . Vay: Tru'dng hdp dau cua cdc dien tich Ian lu'dt la + - + - thi Eo = 0.
+ do Idn: E M = 0,432.10'V/m. ' ®^
c) Trufdng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian liTdt la + - - +:
2.8. T a i 3 dinh tarn giac A B C vuong tai A canh a = 50cm, b = 40cm, c = 30cm.
E o = E , + E 2 + E 3 + E 4 = E,3+E24
Ta dat cac dien tich q, = q2 = qj = 10"'C. Xac dinh E tai H , H la chan difdng
cao ke tiT A . • Eo = 2E,3Cos45° = 2.2Eicos45° = 4 k
: ' •' • B a i giai a72'
^ ' i-u u u b ^ 40^
= 32cm.
Ta co: C H = b.cosC = b. — = — =
a a 50
B H = a - H C = 5 0 - 3 2 = 18cm. Vay: Tru'dng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian liTdt la + - - + thi Eo = 4V2 — .
A H = VHB.HC = V32.I8 = 24cm. :9B A ®

- D o Idn cua ct/dng do dien tru'dng tai H :
Ej ~i~ ^2 ^3 — E j ~i~ E2'^ •
- V i E, I E 2 3 = > E H = +E^3 ^Êf+(E2-E3)2 ' F
Vdi: E,= = 9 . 1 0 ' . _ i ^ = ^ V / m .

(24.10"^)^ 576 D C D C
Trirdng hdp a Trirdng hdp b Trirdng hdp c
32 33
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguy§n Phu D6nq Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
2.10. Tai ba dinii A, B, C ciia hinh vuong ABCD canh a dat 3 di^n tich q giong Ta c6: E,^ = E, + . V i q, = qj = q ; A M =B M nen
nhau (q > 0 ) . Tinh E tai:
q _ ; cosa = cosA =
' a) Tarn O hinh vuong. , , b)DinhD. E, = E 2 = k- = k
A M ' a^+h^ Va^ + h^
Bai giai
kqa
a) CiTcfng do dien tru'dng tai tarn O: ÊM = 2E|COsa = 2 k = 2-
- VI q, = q2 = q3 = q; r, = = rj = nen Ej = E2 = E3.
vay: CiTcJng do dien triTdng E M tai M tren trung triTc cua A B c6:
• Eo = E , + E 2 + E 3 = E , 3 + E 2
+ d i l m dat: tai M .
- V i E, \h E 3 ngiTdc chieu nen £ , 3 = 6 nen Eo = Ej. + phiWng: song song vdi AB. 'i an.i 'nis! ^n&'i/if ;,3 .ev • ^
q _ 21cq + chieu: tir A d e n B. , ^ ,
=> E n = k
+ d61dn:EM= 2
(a2+h2)2
2kq b) Gid tri cua h de E M dat ciTc dai

Vay: CiTcJng dp dien triTdng tai tam O la Eo =
a kqa
TirEM= 2 •J suy ra EM ciTc dai khi h = 0 va EM(max) = ^
b) CifcJng do dien triTcJng tai dinh D a
(a^+h^)2
Ta c6: Ep = Ej + Ej + E3 = Ej3 + E2
A B 2kq : ,
Vay: De EM ciTc dai thi h = 0 va EM(,„ax) =
- V i f i = r3 = a; r2 = aV2 nen Ei = E 3 = k — ; E 2 = k . a q ^ 'Mi ';.r'I.: c)
2a2
2.12. Tai ba dinh ABC cua tu" dien deu SABC canh a trong chan khong c6 ba
- Mat khac, vi E, va E 3 vuong goc nhau nen: dien tich diem q giong nhau (q < 0). Tinh do Idn cu'dng do dien tri/cJng tai dinh
S cua tu" dien. Xac dinh hiTdng cua cu'dng do dien tru'dng nay.
•f 3
E,3 = E.V^ = k4^ Bai giai ,
- V i E , 3 va E2 CLing chieu nen: ED = E | 3 + E2 ! Ta c6: E^ = Ej + E j + E3 = E, + E23.
1 , kq
- VI q, = q2 = q3 = q < 0; r i = rz = r3 = a nen El = E2 = E3 = k ^ .
2a^ 2'n2
- V I a = ( E j . E j ) = 60° nen t ulri;:;, B . ( v > '

Vay: CircJng do dien trirdng tai dinh D la E D = ( \ / 2 + - ) ^ .
2.11. Hai dien tich qi = q > 0 va q2 = - q dat tai A , B trong khong khi. Cho A B = 2a. E23 = 2E2Cos30° = 2 k W. : / l = Vik 4 ''
a^ 2-
a) Xac dinh ciTdng do dien tru'dng E M tai M tren trung triTc cua A B , cdch A B
E23 n\m tren duTdng cao SH cua tam giac SBC.
doan h.
b) Xac djnh h de E M dat ciTc dai. Tinh gid tri ciTc dai nay. Suy ra: E^ = E^ + E23 + 2EjE23Cosp, , - ;
Bai giai SH^+SA^-AH^

v<3i cosp =
a) CiTcJng do dien trUdng E M tai M tren trung trifc cua A B 2SA.SH
35
Bi5i du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyin Phu Bfing
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
va EBD- = 2EBCOsa2 = 2.
4 kq Vi kq
2 2 3 a2 3
cosP =
V I E ^ c '^""S ^B'D' = EAC + EBD'
2a.
2
8V3 k q 8^3 k q 1673 k q
N2
> Eo —
9 9 9 a^
+ 2.
^/I = 6 k4 Vay: Do Idn ciTdng do dien triTdng tai tarn O iiinh lap phiTdng la j . ,;
V ^ y
I6V3 k|q|
.Es= A / 6 - va E 5 hiTdng ve tarn tam giac ABC. y a
2.14. Cho hai dien tich diem qi va q2 dat d A, B trong khong khi, AB = 100cm.
Vay: VecW ciTdng do dien triTdng tai dinh S cua tu" dien c6: Tim diem C tai do ciTdng do dien triTdng tdng hdp bang khong vdi:
a) qi = 36.10-^C; q2 = 4.10-^C. b) q, = -36.10-'C; q2 = 4.10-*C.
+ dpldn:Es= .
Bai giai
+ hirdng: tiT S den O (ban doc tiT chUng minh!). a) Khiq, = 36.10-'^C;q2 = 4.10-''C
2.13. Hinh lap phiTdng A B C D A ' B ' C ' D ' canh a trong chan khong. Hai dien ticii Ta c6: E^ = Ej + E j . De E^ = 0 => E, = - § 2 , siiy ra:
Qi = q2 = q > 0 dat d A, C; hai dien tich qj = q4 = - q dat 6 B ' , D ' . Tinh do Idn + C nam trong doan AB (vi q,, q2 ciing dau).
curdng do dien triTdng tai tam O hinh lap phiTdng.
^2
+ E| = E2 <=> k =k
Bai giai
AC^ BC —^-^
Ta c6: EQ = E^ + Ec + E 3 , + E^. = E^^ + ^g.^, C B
s<! 'hi AC 36.10 -6
- =3 (1)
vdi A C = A ' C = VAA'^+A'C^ = 7a2+(aV2)2 -6
BC ^2 V 4.10
= aVs i vaAC + BC=:AB = 100cm (2)
=> AC = 75cm va BC = 25cm
= > A O = C O = B'0 = D'0= — = —
2 2 Vay: Khi q, = 36.10-'C; q2 = 4.10^^C, de E^ = 0 thi AC = 75cm va BC = 25cm.
b) Khi q, = -36.10'C; qj = 4. lO'^C , ,
AO = CO = B'0 = D'0; Taco: E ( , = E | + E 2 . D e E^-Ô => E, = - E 2 , suy ra: ,i .
CC'_ a _73 + C nam ngoai doan AB, ve phia B (vi q,, q2 trai dau; q, > q 2 ) •
costti = cosa2 =
CA'"a73" 3
^2
+ E, = E, o k =k —>
ndn EA = Ec = EB- = ED- = k
4 kq
B AC" BC e-
f rr\2 3 a2
.71 AC 36.10 -6
2 = 3 (3) 1 fllH I 'i
V y
BC ^2 1 4.10 -6
4 kq 7^ 873 k q v a A C - B C = AB = lOOcm
= > EAC = 2 E A C 0 s a i = 2. (4)
3 a2 3 => AC = 150cm va BC = 50cm
V§y; Khiq,=-36.10-^C;q2 = 4.10-'^C, de' £ ^ - 0 thi AC = 150cm va BC = 50cm.
36 37
B6i du3ng hqc sinh gidi vat ly 11, t?p 1 - NguySn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khann Vi$t
2.15. Cho hai dien tich q,, q2 dat tai A va B, A B = 2cm. B i e t q, + q2 = 7.10^^C va B a i giai
d i e m C each qi 6cm, each qa 8cm c6 ciTdng do dien triTcJng E = 0. T i m qi, q2- Cdc lyc tdc dung len hon b i : ,
B a i giai :f. ;.; , .* + Trong li/c P = mg (hi/dng xuo'ng). 1
Ta c6: + A B + BC = A C => C nam ngoai doan A B nen qi va q2 trai dau. + Lire day A c - s i - m e t F ^ - - D V g (hiTdng len)
+ B C > AC
+ Li/c dien tru-dng: F = qE (hiTdng xuong neu q > 0; hiTdng len neu q < 0).
H6nbinimcanbang(lc(lijrng)khi: P+ F^+F =0 O F + F = 6
Vi = Ej + = 0 => E, = E2 <=> Ic
AC^ BC' V I P > FA nen P ' = P - FA => F phai hu'dng len => q < 0 va F = P - FA.
BC^ 8^ 64^_I6 E = mg-DVg ' ,
AC^ 36 ~ 9
B ^ m g - D ^ g = 9.10"^ 10-800.10'*'. 10 ^ 2 10'^C ^
16
(1) E 4,1.10' • ^
q2 = - - q ,
Viq<0 nen q = - 2 . 1 0 ' C .
va q, + q2 = 7.1 O^^C =^ q, =-9.10"^C va q2 = 16.1 Q-^C.
Vay: D i e n tich cua bi de no can bhng Id lufng trong dau la q = -2.10"'C.
V a y : Gia trj cac dien tich q,, q2 la q, = -9.10^^C va = 16.10"*C.
Hai qud cau nho A va B mang nhiJng dien tich Ian lUdt -
2.16 Cho hinh vuong A B C D , tai A va C dat cac dien tich q, = qj = q. H o i phai
2.10^'C va 2 . 1 0 ' C diTdc treo d dau hai sdi day t d each dien
dat d B dien tich bao nhieu de curing do dien tru'dng d D bkng khong? N
dai bang nhau. Hai d i e m treo day M v^ N cdch nhau 2cm;
B a i giai
khi can bang, vj t r i cac day treo c6 dang nhi/ hinh ve. H o i
- Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do qi, gay ra tai D la: E j j = Ej + E 3 . de du'a cde day treo trd ve vj tri thang dufng ngu'di ta phai
V i q, = q3 = q; A D = C D = a nen E.j = 2EiCOs45°. * B dung mot dien tru'dng deu c6 hufdng n i o va do Idn bao
q S nhieu?
= ^ E n = 2k = V2k
a" 2 a' B a i giai
- De E D = 0 thi phai dat tai B dien tich q ' sao cho E2 = E ^ . - De diTa cac day treo trd ve vj tri thang dilng
E„ ^ can phai tac dung liTc dien tru'dng ngUdc

' => k - = V2k chieu vdi liTc tmh dien va ciing do Idn vdi
BD'
lire tinh dien: F ' = F . , ,5;
„2
=> k = V2k iJi;bl!!i .,0,
E,3 - V d i qua cau A : E = k-
AB'
Gid s i q > 0
=>q'=-2^q. .
2.10-^
= > E = k- = k- • = 9.10^. = 4,5.10" V/m.
V a y : Phai dat d B dien tich q ' = -l4lq de cu'dng do dien triTcJng 3 D bang AB' MN' (2.10"^)^
khong. VI q, < 0 nen E ngiTdc chieu v d i F nghla la cilng chieu v d i F (hirdng tuf
2.17. M o t hon bi nho bang kirn loai dU'cIc dat trong dau. Bi c6 the tich V = 10mm\ ^ a i sang phai).
khoi lU'cfng m = 9.10"'kg. Dau c6 khoi liTcfng rieng D = 800kg/m\t ca difdc dat V d i qua cdu B: TiTdng tir. ^ \
trong mot dien tru'dng deu, E hudng thang duTng tif tren xuong, E = 4,1.10^V/ni- ^%r. De dira cac day treo trd ve vi tri th^ng diJng can phai dung mot dien
T i m dien tich cua bi de no can bang Id lijfng trong dau. Cho g = lOm/s^. trirdng deu c6 hiTdng tCr trai sang phai va cd do Idn E = 4,5.10" V/m.
39
Bfli duang hoc sinh gi6i Vjtt 1^ 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
3. Cl/dNG D O D I E N TRl/OfNG D O V ^ T MANG D I E N CO KICK THl/OfC 2mg£o.tana

TAORA
2.19. Mot ban phang rat Idn dat thang dilng, tich dien deu vdi mat dp dien mat a, 2mgSQ.tana
Vay: Dp Idn cua dien tich q la
a) Xac djnh E do mat phang gay ra tai diem each mat phang doan h. Neu dac
diem cua dien truTdng nay. ^ 2 20. Tinh ciTdng dp dien tru'dng gay bdi 2 mat phang rpng v6 han:
b) Mot qua cau nho kho'i lUdng m dien tich q cung dau vdi mat phang, diTcfc treo a) Dat song song, mat dp dien mat a > 0 va -a.
vao mot diem co djnh gan mat phang bang day nhe khong dan, chieu dai /. b) Hdp vdi nhau goc a va c6 ciing mat dp dien matCT> 0.
Coi q khong anh hu'dng den sif phan bo' dien tich tren mat phang va khi can
, bang day treo nghieng goc a vdi phu'dng thang di^ng. Tinh q. Bai giai ' Si'H'-
^'i^^
Bai giai a) Tri^ng hdp hai mat phang dat song song • -
a) Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do ban phang gay ra * Vdi mot mat phang: Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 dtfdng sinh vuong goc vdi
Chon mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 dudng sinh vuong g6c vdti day, hai day hinh ddy, hai day hinh tron c6 dien tich S va each deu ban phang doan h.
tron CO dien tich S va each deu ban phang doan h. + Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = ZEiAScosa2 + = 2EiS. < ,•
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Nj + N2. + Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gaus:
+ Phan dien thong qua mat ben: N| = ZEiAScosai = 0 (vl cosai = 0). N=-Iqi +
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N2 = SEiAScosa2 = 2ES. h
=> 2E,S = — l a A S = — CT.2S -1
=> N = 2ES +
-I, Theo djnh li Ostrogradski - Gaus: N = +
+ = E2 <—
28,
h
2ES = — laAS = a.2S < • + - Vdi hai mat phang: E = Ej+E2
^0
+ Ben trong hai mat phang: E, va E2 cung chieu nen
E=
J E = E, + E , = 2- g _ g
28„
Vay: Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do mat phang gay • 2e 0 ~ e"0 ; g.,
ra tai diem each mat ph^ng doan h: E + Ben ngoai hai mat phang: E, va E, ngUdc chieu nen
+ la dien triTctng deu, c6 hu'dng vuong goc
E = E, - E, = a = 0.
vdi vdi ban phang, c6 do Idn E = 2e.
• b) Tru'dng hdp hai mat phang hdp vdi nhau goc a
+ khong phu thuoc vao khoang each ttr diem Vi El = E2 nen:
ta xet den ban ph^ng. + Ben trong hai mat phang:
b) Tinh dien tich q „-„.a - CT . a a . a
- Cac life tac dung len q: trong life P, liTc dien E = 2Eism — = 2 . sm — = — .sm — . .
tru'dng F, liTc cang day f . 2 28o 2 So 2 a a a
.cos— = — cos—.
2 So 2
- Tam giac liTc cho: tana = — = + Ben ngoai hai mat phang: E = 2E1COS— = 2 —
mg 2mgeo Vdi q > 0
40 41
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu P6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
2.12. Mot ban phang rong v6 han dMc tich dien va dat vao mot didn tri/cfng deu. Theo dinh H Ostrogradski - Gaus:
Biet cifdng do dien triTdng tong hOp d ben trii vh ben phai cua ban \h Ei, E2 N =— E.Tir/ = — Lqi =—
hufdng vuong goc vdi ban, dp Idn Ei vh E2. Hay tinh mat dp dien mat a ciia ^0 ^0
ban va life dien tac dung len mot ddn vj dien tich ciia b^n. )f»n ** Lr:;^ M
=>E =
2ne(,r 1
a) Mat d6 dien mat cua bin ph^ng lJ4^4k(»:' Vay: CiTdng dp dien tru^dng gay bdi mot 1
Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 di/dng sinh vu6ng gdc vdi day, hai day hinh day thang dai v6 han tich dien deu la 1
tron cd dien tich S va each deu ban ph^ng doan h.
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Ni + N2. E= • E2
sf + Phan dien thong qua mat ben: Nj = ZEiAScosai = 0 (vi cosai = 0). ' ' 27re()r
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N2 = Z E i A S c o s a 2 = E i S + E 2 S = ( E i + E 2 ) S . 2.23. Hai day dan thing dai v6 han dat song song trong khong khi cich nhau
=> N = ( E | + E 2 ) S
E, + doan a, tich dien cung da'u vdi mat dp dien dai X.
- Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gaus: N = — Tq, a) Xae dinh E tai mot diem trong mat phlng doi xiJng giffa hai day, each mat
4-
^0 phang chufa hai day doan h.
• => ( E l + £ 2 ) 8 = — S a A S = — < r +
b) Tinh h de E ciTc dai va tinh gia trj cure dai nay. ''*'
^0 ^0 i B a i giai
=> a = 8o(Ei + E2) a) CiTdng dp dien triTdng tai mot diem trong mat phing doi xilng giffa hai day
Vay: Mat dp dien mat a cua ban la a = eo(Ei + E2). Chpn hai mat Gauss la hai hinh tru true la eac day dan, hai day ede hinh tru
b) LiTc dien tac dung len mot ddn vj dien tich cua ban - la hinh tron cd ban kinh r, chieu cao /. (1) 2)
Ta cd: F = F, + , vdi F , ' = a E , = eo(E, + E 2 ) E , , YiXi=X2=X;
h +—
>
= eo(Ei + E2)E2.
F2' = a E j r, = r2 = r = .2. 1
Vi F,' ngiTdc chieu vdi F2 nen F' = F, - F j . .1-

nen E, = E 2 = E = - (bai tren ...)
Ef-E^ 27xeor
=>F = S(,(E,+Ej)E,-e„(E,+Ej)E, I
I
I
/ I
i
E = 2EiCosa = 2. X h Xh
Vay: LiTc dien tdc dung len mot ddn vi dien tich cua bdn la F' = — E f - E ^
1
27ieor r ^ ^ r ^
2 " dien deu
2.22. Tinh cufdng dp dien triTdng gay bdi mot day th^ng dai v6 han tich
(mat dp dien dai X) tai diem each day doan r. (h^ + ^ - ) TriTdng hdp X >0
4
B a i giai
Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru dong true vdi day, hai ddy hinh tron c6 hin kinh Vay: Ci/dng dp dien trUdng tai mot diem trong mat phing doi xtfng giffa hai
r, chieu cao/. re - day, each mat phing ehiJa hai day doan h la E = ^
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Ni + N2. / • I: /
4
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N| =i;EiASeosai = 0(vicosai = 0).
+ Phan dien thong qua mat ben: N2 = ZE,AScosa,2= ES = E.27tr/. b) Gia tri cua h de E eifc dai
^ N = E.7tr/
42* 43
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi?t
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
Vay: Cu:dng dp dien truTdng tai diem each tam qua cau doan r k h i r < R la
X .3
TCrE = • => E = E„,ax k h i M = h + — min => h = ~
^ 0 ,u2, a "^0 a 4h E ^ ^ ; k h i r > R la E =
(h^+—) 38
4 4h
1 2 25. Ben trong mot qua cau mang dien vdi mat dp dien khoi p c6 mot I 6 hong hinh
va E„,ax =
- 0 ( a ^ ^ ^ TOoa c l u . Xac dinh dien tru'dng tai mot diem bat k i cua lo hong trong triTdng hdp:
a) Lo hong c6 cung tam vdi qua cau.
2 4.^
2 w T a m Or cua qua cau each tam O2 ciia 16 hong mot khoang d.
Bai giai
Vay: Gid t r i cua h de E ciTc dai la h = - va Emax = — ^ •
2 TtEga a) Tru'dng hdp lo hong c6 ciing tam v d i qua cau
2.24. Qua cau ban kinh R tich dien deu vdi mat do dien k h o i p va dat trong _ Gpi Ej la ciTdng dp dien triTdng do qua cau
khong k h i . T i n h ciTdng do dien tri/dng tai d i e m each tam qua cau doan r dac (khong c6 lo hong), mat dp dien khoi p
(trong va ngoai qua cau). gay ra tai d i e m M ; E j la ciTdng dp dien
Bai glai tru'dng do qua cau dac (c6 kich thUdc bang
Tac6: lo hong), mat dp dien k h o i - p gay ra tai
+ Du'dng sijrc dien triTdng la nhiTng du'dng thang hudng doc theo ban kinh qua cau. d i e m M . Theo nguyen l i chong chat dien
+ D p Idn ciTdng dp dien tru'dng tai cac d i e m nam tren cCing mat cau c6 gia tri tri/dng, ta c6: E,^ = Ej + E j
nhiT nhau.
Chpn mat Gauss la mat cau dong tam vdi qua cau tich dien: - Theo ke't qua bai tren, ta c6: Ej = - ^ . f ; E j
3£A 3Sn
- D i e m M nam ben trong qua cau: r i < R:
+ D i e n thong qua mat cau S , (ban kinh r,) la: N = E S i = E . 4nrj^ . Ef^ = — . r + — . r = 6 (r la khoang each tiT hai tam chung O j , O2
3EO 36(5
+ Theo dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = —Zqi de'n d i e m M )
V a y : K h i O i = 0 2 t h i E^, = 0 .
,, p. — Ttr;
pV _ ^ 3 1 ^- - R b) Tru'dng hdp tam O i cua qua cau each tam O2 cua lo hong mot khoang d
E.47tr/ = =>E=-H1 O
^0
"0 ''O
3en
-"'O - Tirpng tir, ta c6: E , = — .rj; = (r, = O ^ ; ^ = O^M)
38 38.
- D i e m M nam ben ngoai qua cau: Vi > R:
+ D i e n thong qua mat cau S2 (ban kinh T2) la: N = E S 2 = E. 4 ^ 2 .
0,M
+ Theo dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = — Zq, - V l E , ~ r , ; E 2 ~ r 2 = > ^ = ii-= - ^
E2 rj O 2 M
hai tam giac O1O2M va M P Q dong dang, tijT do:

p.-7tR^ R
O r M
d r, -
E = =>EM =
pd pd 3 r..
45
AA
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Mguyen Pliu Dony Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Vay: Khi tam O i cua qua cau each tarn O2 cua I 6 hong mot khoang d thi 3, Di?n tM' gSy ra hdi cac di$n tich diem
k Q
CO chieu tuf O, den O2 va c6 do Idn EM = — . '•' ' ' • _ Dien the f^dy ra bdi mot dien tich diem Q:W=—.— ( = 0)
e r
2.26. Mot v6 cau ban kinh trong Ri, ban kinh ngoai R2 mang dien tich Q phan bo (r la khoang each tijf dien tich diem Q den diem ta xet)
deu theo the tich. Tinh cU'dng do dien trU'cJng tai ncfi each tam qua cau doan r. _ Dien the f^dy ra bdi h$ di$n tich diem Q,, Q2, Goi V i , V2,... la dien the
do cac dien tich Q], Q2,... gay ra tai diem M trong dien trUdng. Dien the
toan phan do he dien tich tren gay ra tai M la: •' IV''
- Thetichvocaula: V = V 2 - V , = ^7r(R^-R^). • " - - • ^
V = V , + V 2 + . . . . = SVj ..;.Vi. •••1 „
- Mat do dien tich kh6l cua v6 cau la: He thurc tren la npi dung cua nguyen 11 chong cha't dien th6'.
4. LiSn gii?a cifofng dO di^'n trift/ng va hi$u di$n thfi' ,
UMN = Ed ^ . _ • ^'
V 4;r(R5-Rf)
M , N la hai diem tren cCing mot diTdng siJc;
- Tai diem ben trong qua cau ( r < R i ) : M N
E la ci/dng do dien tru'dng cua dien triTdng
E = 0(xem bSi 2.25).
deu; d la khoang cdch giffa hai diem doc ^—=^
- Tai diem ben ngoai v6 cau (r > R2):
theo mot di/cfng suTc c6 hieu dien the la U. ^ ^
DR^
I L T h ^ ' n a n g t l n h di$n
E = (xem bai 2.24).
The nang cua dien tich q dat tai diem M trong dien tru'dng dac tri/ng cho kha
nang sinh cong cua dien triTdng khi dat dien tich q tai M :
- Tai diem trong v6 cau (Ri < r < Rj): E = (xem bai 2.24). ^ osdT
W, = qV
B. NHinSQ C H U Y KHI G l A l B A I T A P
ChuwndeS: D I E N T H E VA H I E U D I E N T H E k Q
- C6ng thiJc tinh dien the gSy ra bc(i mot dien tich diem (V = - . - ^ ) cung diTdc
e r
A . T 6 M T A T KI£N T H C C O ^ i p dung cho qua cau tich dien phan bo deu vdi r la khoang each tiif tam qua
I. Di^nth^-Hi$udi$nthg' > -fe f cau den diem ta xet.
1. Di^n the': Dien the tai diem M trong dien triTdng dSc triTng cho dien - Lire dien triTcJng 1^ life th6' nen cong cfla liTc dien N
tru'dng ve mat diT trCT nSng liTdng va diTcfc do b^ng thiTdng so' giffa cong de trufdng khong phu thuoc vao dang quy dao di ^ , ..-^-'/f
- 7 ^
chuyen cua dien tich ma chi phu thuoc vao vi tri 2?r
diTa mot dien tich q tuf diem M ra xa v6 ciTc va di$n tich q: V M = .
7^—>•
cua diem dau va diem cuo'i cfla quy dao: A = qU.
~ Mo'i quan he giila cong ciia liTc ngoai A ' v^ cong ^ M. -N'
2. Hiû di^n th6': Hieu dien the giCTa hai di^m M v^ N trong di6n tnrdng dSc
triTng cho kha nSng thiTc hien cong cua dien trifcfng giffa hai diem d6 va cua lire dien trircJng A: A ' = - A = - q U .
diTdc do b^ng thi/dng so giffa cong cua life dien lam di chuyen mot dien •~ Doi vdi vat dan can b^ng di6n can chij ^:
tich q tit diem M den diem N va do Idn cua dien tich q: + Vat dan la vat d^ng the: Cdc diem ben trong vk trdn mat vat dSn c6 c&ng
A^^, . _ A , dien the.

+ Di?n tich chi phan bo 6 mat ngoai vat dan, tap trung 3 nhffng ch5 loi va nhon.
- The nang tUdng tdc cua h? dien tich diem: Vdi h? g6m cdc dien tich di^m Q i ,
Q 2 , - , the nang ciia h? la:
B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TMHH M T V DVVH Khanu_ViAi
AW, 250.1,6.10"'^ ,. ., / .
W = ^ (Q,V, + Q2V2 +....) = ^'^Qi\ = 1, 2,..., n)
= ^ " M N q -1,6.10""^
kQ kQ
VSy: Hieu dien the'giu'a hai diem M va N trong dien trirdng la U M N = -250V.
(Vi = —-+—-+.... la dien the tai diem dat Qj do cac dien tich khdc cfla he
3 4 Electron chuyen dong khong van toe dau tCf A den B trong dien trU'dng deu,
gay ra) U B A = 45,5V. Tim van toe electron tai B . Û.J ,s
l.^., ...... kQ, • Bai giai '
+ Trirdng hdp he 2 dien tich: W = - ( Q , V , + Q2V2), vdi V, = , V2 = IM-..- :;J I fil;^
mv^
Ta cd: Cong cua lire dien trirdng: A = q U ^ = AW^ = (UAB = - U B A = ^5,5V)
+ Trirdng hdp he 3 dien tich: W = - ( Q i V i + Q2V2 + Q 3 V 3 ) , vdi
i,a 2 2.(-l,6.10"-).(-45^^^^,^.^^^^^_
kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ,
m 9,1.10"^'
VSy: VSn toe cua electron tai B la V B = 4.10^ (m/s).
3.5. Electron chuyen dong quanh nhan nguyen tuT hidro theo quy dao trdn ban
C. C A C BAI T A P V £ DIEN T H ^ - HIEU DIEN T H ^
kinhR = 5.10-''em.
1. CONG C U A LVC D I E N - D I E N T H E , H I E U D I E N T H E
a) Tinh dien the tai mot diem tren quy dao electron.
3.1. Hieu dien the giOfa hai diem M , N trong dien triTdng U M N = lOOV.
b) Khi electron chuyen dong, dien trU'dng cua hat nhan cd sinh ra cong khong?
a) Tinh cong cua liTc dien trU'dng khi mot electron di chuyen tiT M de'n N.
Tai sao?
b) Tinh cong can thiet de di chuyen electron tCr M den N.
Bai giai
Bai giai
a) Dien the tai mot diem tren quy dao electron
a) Cong cua liTc dien trU'dng
Ta cd: A = qUwN = -1,6.10~". 100 = -1,6. l O " J. Tac6: v,M.glO''.^'°-".28.8V
Vay: Cong cua life dien trirdng khi mot electron di chuyen tir M den N la E.r 5.10""
A = -1,6.10-'^ J. Vay: Dien the' tai mot diem tren quy dao cua electron la V = 28,8V. V
b) Dien trU'dng cua hat nhan cd sinh cong khong?
b) Cong can thiet de di chuyen electron tiT M den N: A = - A = 1,6.10"''' J.
Khi electron chuyen dong, dien trirdng cua hat nhan khong sinh cong vi
3.2. De di chuyen q = lO^C tif rat xa vao diem M ciia dien trU'dng, can thirc hien
electron chuyen dong theo mot quy dao khep kin.
cong A ' = 5.10"'j. Tim dien the d M (goc dien the d 00 ) .
3.6. Dien tich Q = 5.10'C dat d O trong khong khi.
Bai giai
a) Can thiTc hien A ' , bao nhieu de diTa q = 4.10^C tiT M each Q doan r i = 40em
Ta cd: Cong can thirc hien: A = - A = -q( - ) = -10^(0 - V M ) = 5.10"^ J
den N each Q doan r2 = 25cm.
^) C i n thiTc hien cong A'2 bao nhieu de du'a q tijf M chuyen dong cham ra xa v6
Cling (rj = 00).
Vay: Dien the d diem M la V M = 0,5V.
3.3. Khi bay qua 2 diem M va N trong dien trirdng, electron t5ng toe, dong nSng ^) Cong dira q tir M den N *' ' 7
tang them 250eV ( l e V = Ue.lO"'"^;). Tinh hieu dien the giffa M va N. ^ Tacd:
g _g r! '.a »'.' V.
»# ^^'îai
" ' Ta cd: Cong cua liTc dien trirdng la A = q.U^g = AW^ + Dien the'tai die'm M : V ^ = k-5- = ^"^^ -^-'^ = 112,5 V < .:
^ e.rj 0,4
49
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
E)6 bien thien nang liTcfng cua he:

+ Dien the tai diem N: =k—^= = 180V = W2 - W, =-0,108 + 0,27 = 0,162 J > 0 : nang lu-dng ciia he tang.
^ 8.r2 0,25
Vay: Khi di chuyen hai dien tich ra xa nhau thi nang liTdng cua he tang.
- C6ng can thiTc hien de diTa q tuT M den N: A ' , = - A = - q . U M N = - q ( V M - V N )
3 9. Co the tich dien cho vao mot vat dan c6 lap den mot dien the toi da la bao
= ^ A ' , = - 4 . 1 0 " \ 12,5-180) = 2,7.10^J.
nhieu khi chieu vao vat mot chiim tia electron, bay vdi van toe v? Khoi liTcJng
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de diTa q tuf M den N la A ' , = 2,7.10'*^;.
jn va dien tich e cua electron coi nhUda he't.
b) Cong can thiTc hien de diTa q tCr M ra v6 Cling , ,
Tac6:V^=0 Bai giai
=> A ' . = - A = - q U ^ ^ = - q ( V ^ - V J = - q V ^ ' "' Cong can thifc hien de tich dien cho vat dan: A = - A = - q V = -
A'2 = -4.10'.112,5 =-4,5.10"^ J.
mv^ mvp mv^ mv^ ^ , , . -hi?
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de diTa q tCr M ra v6 cung la A'2 = -4,5.10"^ J. =>-qV=— =>V,„ax = — - = - — (khi Vo = 0).
2 2 -2q 2e ' .
3.7. Tinh the' nang cua he thong hai dien tich diem qi, q2 each nhau khoang r
trong chan khong.
VSy: Co the tich dien cho vat dSn c6 lap den dien the toi da la V = .,
Bui giai 2e
Taco: + Dien the do qi gay ra: V = k — 3.10. Electron d each proton doan r = 5,2.10"'cm. Muo'n electron thoat khoi siJc
r hut proton no can c6 van toe toi thieu la bao nhieu?
Baigiai
, + The nang cua he dien tich qi, q2: W = q2V = ^^^^. - Cong cua dien tru-dng tac dung len electron: ' ' " ' !
, ^, ke ke^ '
A =qV=e— =
Vay: The nang cua he dien tich q,,q2 la W =
r - De electron thoat khoi siTc hut proton thi: Wd > A.
* CM y: Co the dting cong thifc tinh the nang cua he 2 dien tich:
W = 1 (q,V, + q2V2), vdi V, = ^ , V2 = ^
mv^ ke^ |2.9.10^(1,6.10~'^)^ , ^ , ^ 5 . , ^
2 er^, er,2 => > => v > J o v> J ^=3,2.10^(m/s).
2 r V mr ^ 9,1.10"''.5,2.10""
nenW=i(q,>.q,H).Hq2 Vay: De electron thoat khoi siJc hut proton thi electron phai c6 van toe toi
2 erî eri2 r thieu la v = 3,2.10V/s).
3.8. Hai dien tich q, = 2.10'^C, qj = -3.10"^C each nhau 20cm trong khong khi. Di 3.11. Trong nguyen tO" hidro, electron chuyen dpng quanh hat nhan theo quy dao
chuyen hai dien tich de chiing each nhau 50cm. Nang li/dng cua he hai dien tron ban kinh R = 5.10~'cm. Tinh nang li/dng can cung cap de ion hoa nguyen
tich tang hay giam. Tinh do bie'n thien n^ng lu'dng cua he. tur hidro (du'a electron ra xa v6 cifc).
. r . L, Baigiai Bai giai
- The nang ban dau cua he hai dien tich: • tw Electron chuyen dong xung quanh hat nhan theo quy dao tron du'di tac dung
^ V ^ ^ kq.q^ _9.10^2.10-^(-3.10-^)_ ^ ^ cua lire hu-dng tam, life nay chinh la liTe Cu-16ng.
r, 0,2 p 1 mv^ ke^ . , .
- The nang liic sau cua he hai dien tich: mr
kq^^9.10^2.10-^(-3.10-^)^ 1 , 1 ke^ ke^
Dpng nang ciia electron: W. = —mv^ = —m-
h 0.5 2 2 mr 2r
W\g hQC sinh gi5i Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6rig"
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
ke ke^
- The nang cua electron: W = qV = - e — = ke^
T ' ••'-^ • . Nang ii^<?"g '^"^ '"'^ "
ke^
- Nang IiTdng toan phan cua electron: W = W j + W, = <0 2 ke^ ke
2r Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng lu'dng: Wd,iu = Wsa,, => rnv^ = — => r = —
mv^
ke^
- Nang lUdng can thie't de ion hoa nguyen tuf hidro: W = - W =
2r Vay: K h i hai electron tiT do chuyen dong ve phia nhau, khoang each nho nhat
ke^
. . W = ^•"''•"•'^•"'"'^2,3.IO-'-J.14.4eV; giffa chiing la r :
2.5.10"*' mv„
Vay: Nang liTdng can thiet de ion hoa nguyen lit hidro la W = 14,4 eV. c) Khi hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I dtfng yen, electron I I chuyen dong
3.12. H a i electron ban dau d rat xa nhau, chuyen dong l a i gan nhau. Tinh ve phia electron I j '
' dm
khoang each nho nhaft giiJa chiing trong cac triTcfng hdp sau: mv:
Nang lu'dng cua he luc dau bang dong nSng ciia electron I I : Wd^,, =
a) Electron I du'cJc g i i l c6' dinh, electron I I bay den electron I v d i van toe dau VQ.
b) Hai electron tiT do, chuyen dong ve phia nhau vdi ciing van to'c dau Vo. mv ke^ mv^ 2 ke'
_ Nang lu'dng cua he luc sau: Ws,„, = -+ •
= mv + —
c) Hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I dilng yen, electron I I bay den electron I
vdi van to'c dau VQ.
mv 0 _ ke'
B a i giai . - Theo djnh luat bao toan nang lu'dng: WdS,, = Wâi • + mv
2 .J,,.i..,,,.:
Chon go'c the nang d oo (V^ = 0 ) - Theo djnh luat bao toan dong lu'dng:
.2 2
a) K h i electron I dUdc giff co dinh, electron I I bay den v d i van toe dau Vo — - - v„ mv 0 ke mv^ _ ke^ 4ke'
mv„ = m v + m v = > v = — — • + m- => r = •
° 2 2 mv„
- Nang lu'dng cua he luc dau la dong nang cua electron I I : Wjû = — ^ „
VSy: K h i hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I difng yen, electron I I chuyen
- Nang lu'dng cua he liic sau (khi diTng lai) la the nang tiTdng tac tmh dien tao
4ke'
nen do siT c6 mat cua electron nay trong dien tru'dng tao hdi electron kia: dong ve phia electron I , khoang each nho nhaft giffa chung la r
mv„
- k e . ke^
Wsau= -e.( )=
3.13. Qua cau nho kho'i Iffdng m mang dien tich +q trffdt khong ma sat vdi VQ = 0
r r
tif dinh B cd dp cao h cua mat phang nghieng BC (gdc nghieng a ) . T a i dinh
mv^ ke^ 2ke^
gdc vuong A cua tarn giac A B C c6 mot dien tich - q .
- Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng lu'dng: Wdj,, = W^û => — - = => r =
2 r mvj Tinh van tdc qua cau k h i den C. D i n h a de qua cau cd the den dffdc C.
B a i giai
V a y : K h i electron I di/dc giiT c d djnh, electron I I bay dd'n v d i van tdc dau vo
2ke^ Chpn mdc the nang hafp dan d chan mat phang •'jjs r";)'!*) ,<!
thi khoang each nho nhaft giffa chung la r = •m v j nghieng; mdc the nang dien d vo cijng. +q B
iNang Iffdng cua dien tich +q gom co:
b) K h i hai electron tif do chuyen dong ve phia nhau
- Nang lu'dng cua he liic dau la dong nang cu^ hai electron: + Dong nang: ^^^^
mvo mv„ 2
W a , u = ^ +- ^ = mv^ + The' nang hafp dan: mgz
-q A
+ The'nang dien: Mz5):3. = _ kq^
52
B6i du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
3 15. Hai dien tich q, = 10~*C, q2 = 4.10"*C dat each nhau 12cm trong khong khi.
- Nang liTdng cua +q khi d B : WB = 0 + mgh + — ~ (1) Tinh dien the tai diem c6 cu"dng do dien triTcfng bing 0:
h
' ^ j ; v \ . . v ; ' ' - S ' f . _v ^ ' B a i giai •' ''A .i.
- NSng lufdng cua +q khi d C: Wc = - m v ^ + 0 + — 3 _ . w M I (2) nufl Vi qi, q2 cung dau nen diem c6 ciTdng dp dien tru"dng bang 0 nam giiya qi, q2.
2 AC
Goi A la diem dat dien tich qi, B la diem dat dien tich qa, C la diem c6 cU"6ng
- Ap dung djnh luat bao toan nang lifcJng cho he kin (dien tich +q, dien tich
(Jp dien trufdng bang 0, ta c6: Ec = El + E2 = 0
va Trai Dat): t ,
u kq^ 1 2 kq^ 2 o r u kq^ 1 1 , ^^'^
WB = Wc o mgh - - f - = - m v ^ - - 2 - o = 2[gh - — ( - - — ) ]
h 2 AC m h AC ' AC^ BC^ AC^ (0,12-AC)2
(0.12-AC)^ 0,12-AC J- - 'rrv.: , :
Vdi AC = - ^ o = 2 [ g h - ^ ( l - t a n a )]=> v - J 2 [ g h - ( 1 - tana )-'^'^^ o : =4 O =2 , . _
tana mh V mh
2 2 ^ AC - 0,04m; BC = 0,12-0,04 = 0,08m ®^ ' ^""""®
- Be qua cau m den di/dc C thi: gh - (1 - tana) — > 0 => tana > 1 - ii q2
mh kq^ _ Dien the tai diem C:
Vay: Van toe cua qua cau khi den C la v 2 [ g h - ( l - t a n a ) — ] , de qua ^ AC BC 0,04 0,08
mh
Vay: Dien the tai diem c6 cu'cJng dp dien triTdng bang 0 la Vc = 6750 V.
,2
cau de'n du'cfc C thl goc a phai thoa tana > 1 - "^^^ 3.16. Hai dien tich q, = 3. lO^C, qj = -5. lO^C dat tai A, B trong khong khi, AB =
kq 8cm. Tim nhiJng diem c6 dien the bang 0:
3.14. Hai dien tich q, = S.IO^^C va q2 = 2.10"^C dat tai 2 dinh A , D cua hinh chO a) TrenAB. i
nhat ABCD, AB = a = 30cm, AD = b = 40cm. Tinh: b) Tren du-dng vuong goc vdi AB tai A. ^' ^* ' '
a) Dien the tai B, C. ' v m) B a i giai ^"'f * ' <^
b) Cong cua dien tru'dng khi q = lO'^C di chuyen tii" B den C. , , a) NhffngdiemcodienthebhngOtren AB p \^ j
,,v0i > B a i giai Gpi M la diem C O dien the bang 0 tren AB, ta co:-! [• ' " '
Taco: B D - V A B ^ + AD^ = ^ 3 0 ^ + 40^ - 5 0 c m v „ - _ H , J ^ = o = . i l o l = ^ « ^ = o.6
a) Dien the'tai B va C /<) • i i' - n AM BM AM BM BM
- Dien the tai B: ' i' ' '
A M = 0,6BM (BM > AM) , '
V„=i3i.i3l ^ v^,^.10'.5.l0-^^ 9.10^.2.10-^ + NeuMnhmgiffa A, B t h i : A M , + B M , = A B = 8
AB BD 0,3 0,5 <^ 1,6BM| = 8 =1^ BM, = 5 cm va A M , = 0,6.5 = 3 cm.
- Dien the tai C: + Neu M nam ngoai A, B thi: B M 2 - A M 2 = AB = 8
kq,^kq,^ 9.10^.5.10-^^9.10^.2.10-^^ ^^.^ ^ BM2 - 0,6BM2 = 8 BM2 = 20 cm va AM2 = 0,6.20 = 12 cm.
^ AC DC 0,5 0,3 Vay: Co hai diem c6 dien the bang 0 tren AB la M , va M j vdi A M , = 3 cm,
b) Cong cua dien trufdng khi dien tich di chuyen tCf B den C ' lyifitt | H f # BM, = 5cm; A M 2 = 12 cm, BM2 = 20cm. v .
Ta c6: A = q(VB - Vc) = 10".(1,86.10'- 1,5.10') = 3,6.10-'J. ^) NhiTng diem c6 dien the bhng 0 tren diTdng vuong goc vdi A B tai A
Vay: Cong cua dien triTdng khi dien tich q di chuyen tCr B den C la A = 3,6.10 Goi P la diem c6 dien the bang 0 tren di/dng vuong goc vdi AB tai A:
V,=i^.i^.0«lJ^ = ^ « A P . 0 , 6 B P
AP PB AP BP
55
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
Mat khac: B P ' - P A ' = A B ' = 64

Goi O la vj tri tam cua mat cau, ta c6: GO = R - na
=> B P ' - 0,36BP' = 64 => B P ' 100 1-n n^-l n-1 n2_i
= 5 > B P = 10 cm va A P = 6cm.
26
Vay: Diem c6 dien the' bang 0 tren difdng Ap dung: Vdi n = 2, a = 6 cm thi: R = = 4 cm; OO' = ^2 cm .
2^-1 2^-1
; vuong goc vdi A B tai A la P vdi B P = 10 cm A -© B
va A P = 6 cm. qi qi V a y Mat CO dien the bang 0 la mat cau c6 ban kinh R = , tam O' nam
3,17. Hai dien tich diem q va -nq (n > 1) dat tai A , B each nhau doan a. ChiJng
minh rang mat c6 dien the bang 0 la mat cau. Tinh ban kinh R cua mat cau tren di/c(ng thang AB, ngoai doan AB, each A doan 0 0 ' =
n^-l
va vj tri tam O cQa mat cau. Ap dung vdi n = 2, a = 6cm. ' ' .A!:
ij,,:' \;, • • •iv, . , Bai giai 3.18. Tai 3 dinh tam giac deu ABC canh a = 6\/^cm trong khong khi, Ian lu'dt
dat 3 dien tich diem q, = - l O ^ C , qz = qs = 10"^C. Tinh:
- Dien the do q gay ra tai khoang each rj: Vj = — '' *
a) Dien the tai tam O va tai trung diem M cua canh AB.
b) Cong can de di ehuyen dien tich q = -10 '^C tCf O den M .
- Dien the' do (-nq) gay ra tai khoang cAch T2: V, = "^^ Baiglal lorfji:-: r>
a) Dien the'tai tam O va tai trung diem M cua AB f-

- Gpi M la diem c6 dien the bang 0, ta c6: Vj^ = ^ - =0
- Dien the tai tam O: = ^ +^ +^ = -^(qj+q2+q3)
° AO BO CO AO
kq _ nkq 2 aV3 ixyfi 0,06V3.V3
<=> => ^ = n (1) Vi AO = BO = CO = - = 0,06 m
3 2 C
- Chon goc toa dp O cua true Ox tai vi tri dat dien tich q thi dien tich (-nq) c6 9.10^^
.(-10"**+ 10'**+ 10"**)-1500 V
toa dp a, diem M CO toa dp X, nen ta c6: 0,06 A q3
X -a a -nq - Dien the' tai trung diem M eua canh AB:

X -a =n
/ . oi \
O O
1 +n
v , . A=Mi +BiM^ +CMi ^ = kA(M- ^+ ^B M + C^M )
'M q, -4-I
- C6 ba trirdng hdp: 1-n

A M B
^-8
„ -(x - a) a 10 10"
+ x<0: -^^ ^ = n=>x=- (2) VM =9.10''( -10 = +
.9,
•- + \) = 1000V. ft 'V
-X 1-n 0,03V3 0,03V3 0,06.V3.V3
+ 0 < x < a : ^ ^ = n=:^x='^ (3)
X 1+n b) Cong can de di chuyen q tuf O de'n M I'"01 <
X -a Ta c6: A = - A = -<i.(Vo - VM) = +10-^(1500 - 1000) = 5.10"' J. i - f!
+ a < x: = n => X = • <0 (v6 ly).
X 1-n Vay: Cong can de di ehuyen q tif O den M la A' = 5.10"^ J. t>,u
3.19. Tai 4 dinh ABCD cua hinh vuong canh a = q,<0 q2<0
- Ket hpp (1), (2), (3), ta tha'y mat c6 dien the bang 0 la mat cau c^t true Ox tai
20cm dat Ian lu'dt ba dien tich am, mot dien Q - - - - 0
B
hai diem c6 toa dp' 1 + n va —
1-n^ ; c6 dudng kinh la: tich diTPng, dp Idtn 7.10'^C trong khong khi. i '^^.O
, a a 2na Tinh dien the' tai tam hinh vuong. Lay
hay CO ban kinh: R = —= • D
d ===n +1 + •n - 1 -1 1,4.
2 n^-l
q4>0 q3<0
57
Bfii dugng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt l» 11, tjp 1 - Nguyin Phii B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
B a i giai ( W A . W B : the nang cua dien tich q tai vi tri A , B ) .

Tai tarn hinh vuong: V ^ = . ^ + ^ + ^ + ^ Taco: W ^ = k ^ + C ; W ^ ^ ^ k ^ + C (Cla hhng so'tuy y).
° AO BO CO DO
Vi: AO = BO = CO = DO The nang cua mot dien tich q, dat trong dien trircfng cua dien tich diem q2 v^
9.10^ 9.10^2.7.10" each dien tich nay mot doan r la: W = k +C 4 ,^ , J '
•.(-q-q-q + q ) - - • = -9000 V .
0,W2 0,1 V2 The nang cua he n dien tich diem trong khong khi: •
Vay: Dien the tai tam hinh vuong la Vo = -9000 V.
W =£k-ii-^ +C (vdii<j).
3.20. Ba dien tich diem q, = = qj = q = lO^C ban dau d ra't xa nhau. Tinh cong
can thiTc hien de diTa 3 dien tich de'n 3 dinh cua tam giac deu ABC canh a =
_ Chpn goc the nang d v6 cung: C = 0 t > (
3cm dat trong khong khi.
Bai giai
(i<j)
Chon goc dien the tai v6 cung: = 0 . Gia suT ban dau q, diJng yen cf A. .0 "li
- Cong can thiTc hien de du'a dien tich qj tijr oo de'n dinh B cua tam giac: " qq-
Vay: The nang cua he n dien tich diem trong khong khi la W ^ k - ! - J - (i < j).
i i îi
.•:,„(i)
a' a" • qi
3.22. Ba electron ban dau diJng yen d ba dinh tam gidc deu canh a, sau do chiing
- Cong can thiTc hien de du'a dien tich q3 tijr oo de'n ;i,.<y^
chuyen dpng do li/c tirpng tac tlnh dien. Tim van toe cuTc dai moi electron dat
dinh C cua tam giac: A3 = qjVs = qVs t 1
diTpc.
_kq^ kq2 _2kq
vdi: V3 = V , + V 2 = — ^ + - Bai giai ...m m?,'r
2kq^ - Tirdng tir bai 8.25. cong lufc dien trirdng de dira ca ba electron ra xa nhau
=:>A,= (2) • 3ke'
( W , , = Wd,„ax; W , = 0 nen V = v,„ax) la: A ' = - A = -
- Cong can thiTc hien de diTa ca ba dien tich tren den ba dinh A , B va C cua
3ke^
- Matkhdc: A W'd = A =
tam giac la: A = A . ^ A 3 = ^ +^ =^ = ^.9.X0\iX0-^f ^^
a a a 3.10-2 - V i ba electron hoan toan binh d^ng nhau nen '
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de diTa 3 dien tich de'n 3 dinh ciia tam giac deu la:
A = 9.10-'J. AW'd = 3 W d = ^ ^ (vo = O ^ W o d = 0)
3.21. Chiang minh rhng the nang ciia he n dien tich diem trong khong khi la mv^ ke^ 2k
• V = v„,ax = e
ma
W,= ^ k . ^ ( v d i i < j ) .
Vay: Van toe c\ic dai ma moi electron dat dirpc la v„,ax = e J— •
Bai giai
- Cong cua lire tac dung len vat trong trirdng liTc the bang dp giam the nSng 3.23. Hai dien tich +9q va - q dirpc giCT chat tai A, B trong chan khong, AB = a.
cua vat do trong triTcJng liTc, cong ma lire dien triTdng thi/c hien khi mot di?n M6t hat kho'i lirpng m, dien tich q chuye'n dpng doc theo diTdng AB nhir hinh
tich qdich chuyen tir A t d i B la: AAB = W A - W B ' v *' ben. Tim van to'c cua m khi d rat xa A, B d l no c6 the' chuyg'n dpng den B.
59
Cty TIMHH MTV DVVHKhang Vi?t
B6i diOng hgc sinh gifli Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
3 24 Hai hat proton va hai hat pozitron ban dau nam yen xen ke nhau d cac dinh
Bai giai
Goi qi = 9q; q2 = -q; qa = q la dien tich chuyen dong doc theo AB: q3 chiu tac cfla mot hinh vuong, sau do bay ra xa nhau. Biet ti so khdi liTdng cua chiing —
dung cua liTc day cua qi, life hut cua q2. m
- Xet tai diem C each B khoang x, khi do ta c6: I. - 2000, con dien tich thi gidng nhau. Coi rang khi bat dau chuyen dong tu do,
cac hat pozitron se bay ra xa v6 eiTe ra't nhanh, sau do cac proton mdi tach xa
Fi3=k- ;F„=k X qi q2 nhau. Tinh ti so van tdc pozitron va proton khi da bay xa nhau v6 ciTc.
(a + x)' q3 î^f:
. Bai giai <
Ilia 9q^ 3 1 ]\lh^n xet: Ban dau, liTc tac dung len cac hat eo dp Idn bing nhau nhu^ng
+ K h i F | 3 > F 2 3 ^ k- >k
(a + x)^ (a + x)^ x^ > — M = 2000 nen cac hat pozitron c6 gia tdc Idn hdn gia toe cdc hat proton
a + X X '' m
=> 2x >a = > x > - t 2000 Ian. Do do, cac hat pozitron se di ra xa v6 ciTc rat nhanh sau do cac hat
? 2
proton se tach ra do tiTdng tac giOfa chiing vdi nhau. Vi the ta c6 the coi r^ng
VI Fi3 > F23 nen life tdng hdp tac dung len q31^ li/c day, do do khi each khi cac pozitron djch chuyen thi cac proton diJng yen. ' •
B mot doan ^ > — thi q3 se chuyen dong cham dan. Neu khong cd cac hat proton thi the nang tufpng tac giila cac hat pozitron la:
W = eV = ke^
+ Khi Fi3 = F23 = ^ X = XQ = - : lire tonghdp tac dung len qjbkngO.
Dien the do moi hat proton gay ra tai vi tri moi hat pozitron la:
j + Khi F,3 < F23 ^ X < - : liTc tdng hdp tac dung len qj la life hut. v = ke
Nhir vay, van toe ban dau VQ toi thieu cua hat la iJng vdi van toe Vc cua hat The'nSng toan phan cua cac hat pozitron la:
tai C bhng 0 (vc = 0).
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan nang lu'cJng: Wo = W + 2eV' + 2eV' = ke^ 4ke^
a72
+ 6 xa v6 Cling hat ehi c6 dong nang: Wj = -^mv^
ke^ +4
" + Tai C, VI Vc = 0 nen hat ehi c6 the' nang dien tru'dng ciia qi, qa: .^2
Khi cdc hat pozitron chuyen dnr^ rat xa nhau, to^n bp the nSng nay
chuyen thanh dong nSng c u;. c lu.ig: Wo = W,,.
+ Theo djnh luat bao toan n3ng liTcJng: Wj = Wc keV 1 -av^- = mv (1) n^
+4 = 2
2
- - 2kq3^ q,
2 a + x^ Xo m a + Xp XQ m a + a- a The nang ban dau cua cac hat proton la: W = ke^
I- 2 2 a^^'
=>v^-2kq^(^ 1_) = 6 ^8kq^ 8kq^ Khi cac hat proton chuyen dong ra rat xa nhau, toan bp the nang n^y chuyen
m 1,5a ma thanh dong nSr g cf; chiing: W = W^.
° m 1,5a 0,5a ma
,;: Vay: Van toe toi thieu cua m khi d ra't xa A de c6 the chuyen dong de'n B la
(2)
/8kq^ hay V o > aV2 2
^0 =
ma ma
61
B'fll difflng hoc slnh' g76i vgriyTTrrgtrT^'-wgiiyen vm uow Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khahg Vijt
M Ap dung dinh luat bao loan nang lUdng: H

- TCfd) va (2)suyra:
m Qq , "1^0.^J,Qq
r + -
WA = W B C ^ k
+ d^ R
= J—.(1 + 4V2J = J2000.(l+4V2)« 115. '••'^
B
Vay: Ti so' van toe cua pozitron va proton khi da bay xa nhau ra v6 cife 1^
V
^ 2kQq( i 1 2kQq^_l__
« 115.
) ^0 = 0
3.25. Vong day tron bdn kinh R tich dien deu vdi dien tich Q. Tinh dien the tai
i m R
7R^
Vay: Van toe nho nhat cua q tai A de q vifdt qua difdc vong day la
M tren true vong day, each tarn mot doan h.
f2kQq, 1 i
Bai giai '" M> o(l i s l i ttJ^
m
0.
- Chia vong day thanh nhffng doan v6 ciing nho
di mang dien tich dq coi nhU' dien tich diem. 2. D I ? N T H E C U A V A T D A N T I C H D H 1 : N
Dien the tai M tren true vong day do d, gay ra: 3.27. Hai qua cau kim loai nho c6 ban kinh Ri = 3R2 dat each nhau doan r = 2cm
d„ M trong khong khi, hut nhau bang liTc F = 27.10"^N. Noi hai qua cau blng day
o
dan. Khi bo day noi chiing day nhau bang \\ic F ' = 6,75.10'"'N. Tim dien tich
8N / R ^ ••1'
,'.uu 'Mi irfJ fVd: liic dau cua cac qua cau. ,
- Dien the tdng cong do vong day gay ra tai M :
Bai giai ';
V= Xdv- - Goi dien ihe'ciia moi qua cau liic ban dau la Vi, V2. Ta c6: ; ,
q
eV R ^ + h ^
v,=k^;v,=k
V= kQ Q Rj R,
h^ 47ie.£oVR^Th^ VI Vi ?t V i nen khi noi hai qua cau b^ng day dan, cac dien tich se di chuyen
Q tilf qua cau nay sang qua cau kia cho tdi khi dien the' hai qua cau b^ng nhau.
Vay: Dien the" do vong day gSy ra tai M la V = •
Gpi dien tich va dien the'ciia cac qua cau sau khi noi day la: q j , q j , Vj, V2 .
471 .8.8„^/R 2+h2
3.26. Vong day ban kinh R tich dien Q phan bo deu, dat trong khong khi. Dien q; . q2 . q'l R.
Taco: V,'= V ' o k-^ =k-^ = > = = 3
tich diem q cung da'u vdi Q tif A tren true vong chuyen dong den tam B cua R. qi
vong, AB = d. Tim van toe nho nhat cua q tai A de q vUdt qua di/dc vong day qiq2
~ Lire hut ban dau ciia hai qua cau: F = k
Kho'i li/dng q la m. f " •'
Bai giai
Ta c6: Van toe nho nhat cua q tai A de q viTdt qua vong day tiTdng iJng viin 11 ('
k 9.10^
toe d B cua q se b&ng 0. .
q;q2
Life day liic sau cua hai qua cau: F ' = k
- Nang li/dng cua q tai A: W A = k-,=2i== + ^^
1^2
- NanglirdngcuaqtaiB:WB= k ^ ( v i h = 0 ; v B = 0) 9.10^^
62 63
QUI quong hgc Sinn gioi vgt ly n , t j p 1 - Nguyen pnu uong Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi$t
- Ma q; =3q;,=^ 3q^2 =3.10-'" =^ q^ = IQ-^C; qj = 3. lO'^C Hieu dien the giffa hai diem B, A:
- Theo djnh luat bao loan dien tich: q', + q2 = qj + q2 = 4. lO^^C U3;, = qEo.B'A' = U B c = 1 2 0 V
Cifdng dp dien triTdng EQ:
^ q 2 = 4.10-'-q, ' " ^" (2)
- va (2) suyra: qf-4.10-^qi-1,2.10"'^ = 0 f • __SC. (vdi cosa = • >BA = BCcosa)
B'C BA'
" BC
qj =6.10-^C;q2 =-2.10"^C q^ =-2.10-^C;q2 =6.10'^C 120 _ 120 120
hoac = 4000 V/m
q, = - 6 . 1 0 - ^ C ; q 2 =2.10-^C q, =2.10"^C;q2 =-6.10-^C ^ ^ 0 - BC.cosa 0,06.cos60" 0,06.0,5
Vay: Hieu dien the giiJa hai diem AC la UAC = 0; hieu dien the giuTa hai diem
3.28. Co n giot thuy ngan hinh cau giong nhau dU'cJc tich dien, dien the' be mat
BA la UBA = 120V; cufdng do dien tri/dng EQ = 4000 V/m.
moi qua cau la VQ. Nhap cac giot nay thanh mot giot hinh cau Idn. Tim dien C
b) CUdng dp dien trifdng long hdp tai A
the' tren mat giot Idn nay. q 0
Ci/dng dp dien trndng do q gay ra d A:
Bai giai
kq _ kq j
•' '' kq E, =
- Dien the be mat cua mot giot thuy ngan nho (ban kinh r) la: VQ = — . AC^ (BCsina f
r
9.10^9.10"'° 9.10^9.10"'° B
- Didn the be mat cua giot thuy ngan Idn (ban kinh R) la: V = . -3000 V/m
,0x2
(0,06.sin60'')
(0,06.^)2
- Mat khac, the tich cua giot thuy ngan Idn bang the tich cua n giot thuy ngan
nho nen: - Ci/dng do dien triTdng tong hdp d A: E = E, + Eg
-7tR-^ =n.-7:r^ =>R = r ^
3 3 ViE.lEo = 73000^+4000^ - 5 0 0 0 V / m .
Dod6:V=J^ = ^ . ^ = ^ V , . : ,
Vay: CiTdng dp dien trUdng tong hdp tai A la E = 5000 V/m.
r.vn r 3.30. Dien tich q = 10"^C di chuyen dpc theo cac
canh cua tam giac deu ABC canh a = 10cm ^
Vay: Dien the tren mat giot thuy ngan Idn la V = N/TI^VQ .
trong dien trufdng deu cu"dng dp dien triTdng la: ^T^—V
3. L I E N H E G I L T A Cl/CfNG D Q D I E N T R I / C K N G V A H I $ U D I E N THE
E = 300V/m, E // BC. Tinh cpng cua liTc dien B '------^ c
3.29. Tam giac ABC vuong tai A dufdc dat trong ^
trirdng khi q di chuyen tren mpi canh tam giac. ^ |,
dien tnrdng deu , a = ABC = 60°; AB // . E,
Bai giai
Bie'tBC = 6cm, U B C = 120V. ~ C6ng cua life dien triTdng khi q di chuyen tren canh AB cua tam giac:
a) Tim UAC, UBA va cUdng do dien triTdng EQ. i
A a AAB = - q . E . A B ' = - q . E . - = - l O ' l S O O . — = -1,5. lO^^J
b) Dat them d C dien tich diem q = 9.\0-^°C. t
2 2
B I
Tim ci/dng do dien triTdng tdng hdp d A. C6ng cua life dien trirdng khi q di chuyen tren
•WiK • :i> Bai giai canh B C cua tam giac:
a) Tinh UAC, UBA va EQ V = q . E . B C = 10 ^300.0,l =3.10-^J B
- Hieu dien the giiTa hai diem A, C: C6ng cua life dien tru'dng khi q di chuyen tren canh C A cua tam giac:
UAC = qEo.A'C' = 0 = - q . E . A C = AAB =-1,5.10-^ J .
(AC \h hinh chieu cua AC len phiTdng cua diTdng siJc). \
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tjp 1 - NguyJn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khann Vi?t
3.31. M a t phang dien tich S tich dien q phan bo deu. hai ta'm kirn loai c6 cun| V-"(^1-^2) q(/ir/,)
f j j g u dien the' giifa hai ta'm k i m loai: U12 - V ,
dien tich S dat 2 ben mat q each mSt q nhffng doan nho l^. Tim hieu die, 28.KJ 28oS
thegiu'a2tamkimloai. ;*it ;
V a v H i e u dien the giffa hai ta'm k i m loai la U n = — — — . ,
- Tru-dc het can xdc dinh ciTSng do dien tri/dng gay bdi mot mat p h i n g r6ng vf
1^ 1
3 . 3 2 . Hai mat phang rpng v6 han tich dien deu trai dau nhau, mat dp dien mat
hantichdiendeudattrongchan kho ng.
n -~ ±a. Chpn go'c dien the d ban tich dien am, true Ox hu'dng vuong goc tij" ban
E
+ Goi (7 = - la mat do dien mat cua mat phang AS A
am sang ban diTdng. T i m dien the tai mot diem trong khoang giufa hai ban.
S
+ i + + + 1 + Baigiai i
tich dien (gia a > 0). Do tinh chat phan bo
dien tich tren mat phang, ta thay mat phang + + _ A p dung ke't qua t i m du'pe d bai 10.5 ve
AS
AS
ci/dng dp dien tru'dng do mot mat phang
tich dien chia khong gian lam hai nu'a doi
4 , E
rpng v6 han tich dien deu gay ra, ta van +<7
xi^ng nhau. "
dung dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss cho he
V i mat phang v6 han, nen bat k i difdng thang nao vuong goc vdi mat phaiio
hai mat phang tich dien. V i dien tich phan
cung deu la true doi xuTng cua he dien tich. Do do, cac vectd ci/dng do dien
bo deu tren hai mat phang nen dd dang
trirdng tai m o i diem ben ngoai mat phang deu song song vdi nhau va vu6n»
nhan xet rang ci/dng dp dien triTdng gay bcti
goc vdi mat phang c6 do Idn bang nhau, hUdng ra xa mat p h i n g neu o > C
tuTng mat va bdi ca hai mat eo phifdng -a
(mat phang tich dien du-cfng) va hiTdng ve phia mat phang neu a < 0 (mat
vuong goc v d i cac mat. M a t khac, ciTdng dp
phang tich dien am). NhU" vay cl m o i nufa khong gian hai ben mat phang ticli
dien triTdng c6 dp Idn nhu" nhau tai cac d i e m AS
dien, dien tru'cfng la deu.
each deu mat phang.
+ De xac djnh ciTcJng dp dien trUcJng do mat phang tich dien gay ra tai A cad
mat phang mot khoang h, ta chpn mat k i n S la mot hinh tru (bieu d i l n bam Ngoai ra, d trong khoang giffa hai mat phang, veetd E eo chieu tff mat p h i n g
difcJng net dut tren hinh ve) c6 diTdng sinh vuong goc vdi mat phang, hai da) tich dien dffcfng sang mat phang tich dien am. Chpn mat k i n S la mat t r u , c6
song song (day tren chiJa d i e m A ) each mat phdng mot khoang h va c6 dien del hai day song song dien tich AS each deu mat phang va mat xung quanh hinh
AS. Chpn chieu diTdng ciia phap tuyen n hi/dng ra ngoai mat S. V I phdp tuyei tru vuong goc vdi m a t p h ^ n g .
cua mat xung quanh hinh tru vuong goc diTdng siJc nen a = 90° => cosa = f + Dien thong N qua toan bp mat S ehi con bang dien thong qua hai mat day.
dien thong qua mat xung quanh bang khong. D i e n thong toan phan qua mat* Doi vdi mat k i n S3 thi tdng dai so cac dien tich ben trong mat k i n 1^:
chi con bang dien thong qua hai diy \h. c6 gia t n : Iq = aAS-^(-aAS) = 0 ' ' '
N = 2EAS. cosa = 2E.AS
+ A p dung djnh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = -5- => 2E.A S = 0 => E = 0
+ D i e n tich q d ben trong mat AS la dien tich c6 tren phan mat phang c6 die'
^0
tich AS gidi han bdi mat t r u : q = a.AS.
Nhu" vay, effdng dp dien truidng tai m p i diem trong khoang khong gian ben
+ A p dung dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = 2E.AS = =>E = ngoai he hai mat ph^ng (d ea hai phia cua he) bling khong: E = 0 .
( ^0 ^ E)oi vdi cac mat k i n S,, S2 thi dien tich q 6 ben trong mat k i n c6 dp Idn
+ D i e n the do mat ph^ng tich dien q gay ra tai tam k i m l o a i cdch mat q doan ' q = aAS va N = E.AS. D o d o :
E.AS = ^ z ^ E = ^
G.L
V , = Ex = V2 = Ex = ^0
2en 2e.
67
cty TNHff Twry-iwyH ggangW"
Bfll diflng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
3 35.1^0' ^™ '"^'"'^ ^ ^^^^ '"'^^ P^^" ^^^^ "^^
- Dien the' tai mot diem trong khoang giuTa hai ban: V = Ex = — x ' Tinh dien the tai mot diem each tam qua cau doan r.
^0 Bai giai
Vay: Dien the tai mot diem trong khoang giiJa hai ban la V = Ex = — x . Xru'dc he't can xac djnh ei/dng dp dien tru'dng gay bdi mat cau kim loai tam
^0
O, ban kinh R, tich dien q > 0.
3.33. Hai ban kim loai phang dat song song each nhau d = lOem duTcIc tieh die^ £)jg'm Ai ben ngoai mat cau each tam O mot khoang r > R. vf
trai da'u va eung dp Idn. Mot thanh dien moi ehieu dai / = 1cm n^m dpc theo + Xet mat eau Si, tam O, ban kinh r chiJa diem Ai. Vi li do doi xiJng tai mpi
mot diTcJng siJc, hai dau thanh c6 2 dien tich diem eijng dp Idn q = 10 diem tren Si veetd cufdng dp dien tru'dng E deu vuong goc vdi Si (tiJc la
nhi/ng trai da'u. Khi quay thanh goc 90° quanh true qua mot diem tren thanli CO phUdng trCing vdi ban kinh), c6 dp Idn h\ng nhau, hU'dng ra xa tam O
de thanh vuong goc vdi du'dng siJc, can thiTc hien eong A' = 3.10~'°J. Tin\ neu a > 0, hU'dng ve phia tam O ne'u a < 0.
_2i
hieu dien the giiJa 2 ban kim loai. + Dien thong qua mat kin Si: N = 47ir E
Bai giai ' + Theo djnh li Ostrogradski - Gauss:
- TCr ket qua bai 3.32, eu'dng dp dien trUdng giffa hai ban kim loai phing tich
dien trai da'u vdi mat do dien mat ±a la: E = — = 47tka.
^0 kq
- Lire dien tac dung vao moi qua cau c6 dp Idn: F = qE = q. 47ika. => E - 47ir^8.
- Khi quay thanh mot goc 90° quanh mot true qua mot diem baft ki tren thanh
mot goc 90° thi dau kia chuyen dpng dpc theo di/dng siJc so vdi dau nay cua + Dien the tai Ai: VAI = Er = kq
thanh mot doan s = / nen eong phai thiTc hien la: +
Diem A2 ben trong mat cau tich dien each
/
A' = Fs = q.47rka/
+
: r
tam O mot khoang r < R: Vi qua cau la vat
- Hieu dien the' giiJa hai ban kim loai la: U = Ed 1
dang the' nen dien the tai mot diem ben
A'd 3.10''". 10"^ 1
trong qua eau bang dien the tai mot diem
U = 4;tka.d =
ql 10"". 10"^ = 300 V tren mat qua cau: r' = R.
Vay: Hieu dien the'gii?a hai ban kim loai la U = 300V. + ^ + Xet mat cau S2, tam O, ban kinh r = R chiJa diem A'.
3.34. Mot vat dan tich dien phan bo deu tren be mat vdi mat dp didn mat a + Dien thong qua mat kin S2: N = 4 7t .RÊ
Tinh eu'dng dp dien tru'dng tai mot diem d sat mat ngoai cua vat dan. + Ap dung djnh li Ostrogradski - Gauss:
.;A„!>i f'fe.j--
..••iri ii<'.a ri Bai giai
- i = > 4 . R ^ E =-i-:Ê= 'I -"^^
••'ci
- Dien thong qua mat kin S: N = ÊAS.cosa = ES ^0 8 4 7t Rê„ R^

- Theo djnh li Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = -.SadS = aS + Dien the tai A': VA- = E R =
88^ 88 0 88„
R
aS a vay: V d i r < R : VA2 = VA-= kq r > R: V^.= kq
•ES = 88,
E= 88^
(trong chan khong 8 = 1 ) R
^•36. Qu^ cau ban kinh R tich dien deu vdi mat dp dien khoi p . Tinh dien the' tai
Vay: Cufdng dp dien tru'dng tai mot diem sat mat vat dan la E = — . îem each tam qua cau mot doan r.
69
Khang VI?T
Boi duSng h o c j i n h gidi vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu Sfing
B a i giaj
Vi sir phan bo dien tich c6 tinh do'i xiJng cau nen dUcfng svCc dien trifdng ]^
nhffng diTdng thang trting vdi phiTOng ban kinh, hiTdng ra xa tam O cua khCj . T A T KI^N TflCrC
cau neu S > 0, hoac hu'dng ve tam O neu S < 0. Hdn niJa, tai cac diem caei,
deu tam O, cUdng do dien tru'dng c6 gia tri nh\i nhau. Chon mat kin S la mat 1 j)jnh nghla: Tu dien la mot he gom hai vat dan dat each dien vdi nhau,
cau dong tam vdi khoi cau va chila diem khao sat. jnSi vat dan du'dc goi la mot ban tu dien. Moi tu dien c6 hai ban: ban
- Diem A], d ben ngoai khoi cau tich dien each tam O mot khoang r > R: diWng va ban am. ii|^ •
mat cau Sj, tam O, ban kinh r chiJa diem A;: u 2, Dien dung cua tu di^n
+ Dien thong qua m a t s , : N = E.AS = 471 .rÊ Dien dung cua tu dien la dai liTdng dac tru-ng cho kha nang tich dien cua tu
+ Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gauss: ^jgn- C = (Q = IQI = IQ'I la dien tich tu dien; U la hieu dien the giQ-a
N = ^ o 47i.rÊ-p- E- hai ban tu)
D i e n dung cua tu dien phang: C . (S la dien tich phan d o i dien giffa

47tkd
+ Dienthe'tai A,: V = Er = 3r8n
hai ban t u ; d la khoang each giffa hai ban tu). r ^
- D i e m A2 d ben trong khoi cau each tam O mot khoang r < R.
D i e n dung cua vat dan c6 lap: C = ^ ( V la dien the cua vat dan;Q la
+ D i e n thong ben trong mat cau S2: N = E.AS = E.47t.r'^
dien tich ciia vat dan).
+ Theo djnh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = —
eR R
s D i e n dung cua tu dien cau: C = ^—^ ( R i , R2 la ban kinh trong va
. 7„ 47t.r" 47rk(R2-Ri)
o 47i.r E = p- ^ • •
ngoai cua t u ) .
38.
(n 1 )S
E = 3e„ D i e n dung cua tu dien xoay: C =
47tkd
, vcti:
+ n la so la t u , S la dien tich phan doi dien giffa cac la t u , d la khoang

+ D i e n t h e ' t a i A 2 : V = Er =
EL each giiJa hai la tu sat nhau.
;+ K h i tu xoay, S thay doi nen C thay d o i :
3en
Vay: Vdi r > R thi V = ^ ; vdi r = R thi 47ikd ' " 4 : r k d

3rSo
3. Ghep cac tu diOn
V = P ? i ; v a i r < R t h l V = P""' Ghep song song:
3E„ 3en
Ghep lien tiep ban am cua tu nay vdi ban dUdng cua tu ke tiep. )
Ub = U , = U 2 = . . . ; Qb = Qi + Q 2 + . . . ; Cb = C, + C 2 + . . .
b) Ghep ndi tiep: Ghep cac ban eung ten cua cac tu lai vdi nhau.
Ub = U i + U 2 + . . . ; Qb = Qi = Q 2 = . . . ;
1
cj Ghep hon tap: Vxia ghep noi tiep vufa ghep song song.
71
70
II. Nang W^ng cua ty di^n 1 1 1
• Ghep noi tiep: Ub = U | + U2 + ...; -+—+...
- Nang lirdng cua tu dien: W = - QU = - C U ' = - . ^ .
Dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho he c6 lap: SQj = const.
2 2 2 C
- Mat do nang liTcJng dien triTdng: Trong khong gian giiJa liai ban tu c6 di6„ C C
Vdi mach tu cau can bang (—1- = — ^ ) : Mach tiTdng diTdng [(Ci nt C2) //
trUdng nen c6 the noi nang luTdng cua tu dien la nang lifdng dien tru-dng. Goj
V = Sd la the tich viing khong gian giffa hai ban tu thi mat do nang liTdng diet, (C3 nt C 4 ) ] . Mm a••
trU'cJngla: • C2
w=^-i 1 47ikd-^ ^ (vdi tu dien phang).

2 Sd Sd 87tk
,-9r I2r
Chiiy: 1 [iF = 10 T ; l n F = l O T ; lpF= 10'T.
C3 C4 . ,
B . NHONQ C H U t KHI GlAl BAI TAP Neu mach gom tu dien, nguon dien, dien trd mac vdi nhau thi:
- Khi giai cac bai toan ve tinh dien dung, dien tich va hieu dien the" ciia mot tu + Neu trong mach c6 dong dien thi khi giai can: '
dien can chu y: • Tinh cU'dng dp dong dien trong cac doan mach.
+ loai tu dien: phang, cau, xoay,...; moi tru'dng giffa hai ban tu dien (s). • Tinh hieu dien the' hai dau doan mach chiJa tu dien (bang cac djnh luat
+ doi ddn vj hdp phap: ddn vi ciia Q ra (C); dcfn vj cua U ra (V); ddn vj cua 6m).
C ra (F). • Suy ra dien tich tren tiTng tu dien.
+ cac diJ kien: noi tu vao nguon: U = const; ngat tu khoi nguon: Q = const. + Neu trong mach khong cd dong dien thi khi giai can: ^,
+ dat vao tu mot tam dien moi e'; he gom 2 tu ghep noi tiep: tu 1 (e, di); tu • Viet phUdng trinh dien tich cho tifng doan mach. , ,
2(s',d2), vdid, + d 2 = d . • Vie't phiTdng trinh dien tich cho cac ban tu noi vdi mot nut mach.
+ nhung tu vao chat dien moi e': h? gom 2 tu ghep song song: tu 1 (e, X i ) ; tu • Suy ra hieu dien the, dien tich tren tCrng tu dien. t , |
De xac dinh liTdng dien tich di chuyen qua mot dan mach can:
2 (e', X2), vdi X ] + X 2 = X.
+ Xac dinh tdng dien tich tren cac ban tu no'i vdi mot dau cua doan mach liic
i
'////// E dau: Q.
'//////
Xl
+ Xac djnh tong dien tich tren cdc ban tu no'i vdi dau noi tren cua doan
mach luc sau: Q'.
X2 % -A + Suy ra lu'dng dien tich qua doan mach tren: AQ = IQ'-QI. V. •
d, d2 ^ Can chu y den gidi han hoat dpng cua tu dien khi xac djnh hieu dien the ciTc
- Vdi cac bai toan ghep tu can chii y:
dai dat vao tu hoac tinh dien triTdng danh thiing cua tu: Ugh = Eghd. Vdi bp tu
+ Khi ghep cac tu chU'a tich dien tru'dc:
thUUb),„ = inin{(Ugh)i}. -
• Ghep song song: Ub = U , = U2 = Qb = Qi + Q2 +••.; Cb = C , + C2
Nang lu'dng cua bp tu bang tong nang liTdng cua cac tu ghep thanh bp:
I 1 1
• Ghep noi tiep: Ub = U i + U 2 + . . . ; Q b = Q i = Q 2 = - - ; Wb= I W i = W, + W 2 + ...
C, +—+...
C,
Trong dien triTdng cua tu dien, cac dien tich thu'dng chuyen dpng theo quy
+ Khi ghep cac tu da tich dien triTdc: âo la dirdng cong nen de giai cac bai toan ve chuyen dpng cua cac dien tich
• Ghep song song: Ub = U i = U 2 = ...; Cb = C i + C 2 + . . . thu"dng su* dung "PhU(/ngphap toa do" bang each: • • '
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+ Phan tich chuyen dong cua dien tich thanh hai chuyen dong thanh phan B a i giai
ddn gian tren hai true toa do Ox, Oy. Sau khi noi, hai qua cau eo ciing dien the' V va dien tich tren hai qua ciu Ian
+ Khao sat chuyen dong rieng re cua dien ti'eh tren hai true toa do do. lirdtla:Q, = C , V ; Q2 = C2V.
+ Phoi hdp cac chuyen dong thanh phan thanh chuyen dong thi/c eiia dien tich Theo djnh luatbao toan dien tich: Qi + Q2 = Q •
Chii y: Cac life thiTdng gap: trong liTc P = mg ; life dien F = qE 0 >f Hi} .iui \ % >
^(C,+C2)V = Q ^ V = -
- Khi dien tich n^m can b&ng trong dien triTdng cua tu dien ta eung diTa vao C,+C2
dieu kien can bang da biet de giai quye't cac yeu cau eua bai toan loai nay: PiSn tich cua moi qua cau sau khi noi la: •
F,+F2+... = 6 0,2
Q, = C,V = .Q = -.5.10"^ =2.10'^ C
0,2 + 0,3
C. C A C BAI TAP V E TV D I E N
C 0,3
1. D I E N DUNG, D I E N T I C H VA H I E U D I E N T H E CUA T V D I E N Q2 = C2V = ' .Q = .5.10"^ =3.10"^ C
C1+C2 ^ 0,2 + 0,3
4.1. Tu phang c6 cac ban hinh tron ban kinh 10cm khoang each va hieu dien the
4.4. Tu phing khong khi dien dung C = 2pF di/dc tich dien d hieu dien the U = 600V.
hai ban la 1cm, 108V. Giffa 2 ban la khong khi. Tim dien tich tu dien.
a) Tinh dien tich Q cua tu.
B a i giai
b) Ngat tu khoi nguon, diTa hai ban tu ra xa de khoang each tang gap 2. Tinh Ci,
- Dien tich phan doi dien cua hai ban tu la: S = TIR^ = 7t.0,l^ = 0,0l7i (m^)
Qi, Ui cua tu.
- Dien dung cua tu dien phang la: c) V i n noi tu vdi nguon, dâ hai ban tu ra xa de khoang each tang gap 2 Ian.
C-
eS 1.0,01.;: . ^ - i ,
= 2,78.10-" F TinhC2, Q2, U2cuatu.
9.10^47i.d 9.10^471.0,01 B a i giai
- Dientichcuatu dienla: Q = CU = 2,78.10 ".108 = 3.10~'C. a) Dien tich Q cua tu ']
Vay: Dien tich ciia tu dien la Q = 3.10"' C. Ta c6: Q = CU = 2.10-'l600 = 1,2.10"' C. ,v.,
4.2. Qua cau dien dung C = 50pF tich dien d hieu dien the U = 180V. Tinh dien Vay: Dien tich cua tu dien la Q = 1,2.10''C. , r-
tich va ban kinh qua cau. b) Khi ngat tu khoi nguon: Khi ngat tu khoi nguon thi dien tich khong ddi nen:
B a i giai Qi = Q = 1,2.10"'C
-12
- Dien tich cua qua cau: Q = CU = 50.10"'l 180 = 9.10"'C. eS _C_2.10
- Dien dung cua tu dien: Ci = = 10-^2 F - : l pF
- Khi qua cau di/dc tich dien Q, dien tich se phan bo deu tren be mat qua clu, 9.10^47t.2d"'2~ 2
-9 nor.
Dien the ciia qua cau la: V = 9 . 1 0 ^ - ^ = 9.10^-^^^^ = — ~ Hieu dien the cua tu dien: Ui = — - ^ - ^ ^ ^ • = 1200 V .
sR R R -12
10
- Dien dung ciia qua cau la:
V t y : Khi ng^t tu khoi nguon va duâ hai ban tu ra xa gap doi thi dien tich ciia
C = ^ = > V = ^ = U ^ ^ = 180 R = 0,45m = 4 5 c m . tu la Qi = 1,2.10''C dien dung cua tu la C, = IpF va hieu dien the cua tu la
U | = 1200 V.
Vay: Dien tich va ban kinh cua qua cau la Q = 9.10"' C va R = 45 cm.
Khi van noi tu vdi nguon dien: Khi van noi tu vdi nguon thi hieu dien the
4.3. Qua cau dien dung C, = 0,2 j i F tich dien Q = 5.10"^C. Noi qua cau n^y vdi
gitta hai ban tu khong doi: U2 = U = 600 V T: ; "
mot qua cau d xa khong tich dien, dien dung C2 = 0,3 n F bang day dan manh
Eîen dung cua tu:C2 = F = l pF
Tinh dien tich moi qua cau sau khi noi. 9.10^47t.2d 2 'nil •
~" Bien tich ciia tu: Q2 = C2U2 = 10-'l600 = 0,6.10"' C.
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B6\g hgc sinh gidi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu Dfing
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi§t
Vay: Khi van noi tu vdi nguon dien va duâ hai ban ra xa gap d6i thi dien tic|, 2 G H E P C A C T V D I E N
cua tu la Q2 = 0,6.10"'C dien dung cua tu la C2 = IpF va hieu dien thd' cua
la U2 = 600 V. 4 7 Tinh dien dung tiTdng diTcing, dien tich va hieu dien the' trong moi tu trong
' cic tri/dng hdp sau: / . '
4.5. Mot tu dien cau diTdc ca'u tao bdi mot qua cau ban kinh R, va v6 cau hi^ C, = 2 ^ F , C 2 = 4 ^ F , C 3 = 6 H F ; U = 1 0 0 V .
kinh R2 (Ri < R2). Tinh dien dung ciia tu.
Bai giai ^^C, = l l i F ' C 2 = l , 5 n F , C 3 = 3 ^ F ; U = 1 2 0 V . ^ ,
Ta c6: Hai ban tu dien la hai mat cau kim loai dong tam ban kinh Ri, R2. ^)C, = 0,2HF.C2=1HF,C3 = 3^F;U=12V.
- Dien the cua m6i ban: d)C, = C2 = 2 ^ F , C 3 = : l H F ; U = 10V. ^2
C| C2 C 3
v ^ k sR,
^ ; V^ , =eR. k ^ / C - i C2J- C 3 - L
- Hieu dien the giiJa hai ban: U = Vi - V2 = — ( - ^ ^ — ) C3

s Ri R 2 Hinh a Hlnh b Hinh c Hinhd
- Dien dung cua tu dien cau la: Bai giai
C = Q= ^ ^ ^ R ^ ^ i n s s ^ (vdik = - i - ) a) Ba tu ghep song song:
U k( 1 1_^ k ( R 2 - R i ) R2-R1 ^ 47teo
- Dien dung tu'dng diTdng cua bo tu: C = C, + C2 + C3 = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12|iF.
- Dien tich tu C,: Q, = C,U, = 2.10"'. 100 = 2.10^ C.
-- Dien
Hieu tich
dien tutheC2:moi
Q2 tu: U, ==U24.10
= U3^100
= U==4.10^
100 V.C. C2-L C 3 - L
(Trong chan khong hoac khong khi: 8 = 1 nen C = ^ ^" ^ ^ ). = C2U2
- Dien tich tu C 3 : Q 3 = C3U3 = 6.10 ^ 100 = 6.10^ C.
R2 - R i
b) Ba tu ghep noi tie'p: Hinh a
4.6. Tu phang khong khi, dien tich m6i ban S,
khoang each d noi vdi nguon U. ban tren cua - Dien dung tiTcfng diTcfng cua botu: — = — + — + — C] C2 C3
tu diTdc giff CO djnh, ban diTdi c6 be day h, C Cj C2
kho'itulifcJng
ban du'di rieng
khongDnen
dat len
trende'.
de Tinh
eachU.dien. Bie't wwMM/w/Mw^mw/w/, = > - = - + — + - = 2 =i>C = 0,5LiF
C 1 1,5 3 Hinhb
Bai giai - Dien tich cua moi tu: Q, = QQj2 == QQ33 = Q = CU = 0,5.10 ^120 = 6.10"'A-5 C.
- Ban tu diTdi khong n6n len de tiJc la trong lu"dng cua ban tu da can bang vdi Qi 6.10"^
lufc dien triTcJng: P = F o mg = qE .1: u ,
c , — 10"^ —
vdi E = — 9 — 1^ ciTdng do dien triTdng do mot ban tu gay ra. 6.10"^

2ee„S - Hieu dien the cua tuCj:2. WU 2T =Q2^ = = 40V
C2 1,5.10"^
<=>DShg = ^^—<=> DShg = ( — I ,,
^ 288oS ^ ^ d ^ 28eoS ~ Hieu dien the cua tu C3: U3 = •Q 3 6.10'^
C3 3.10"^
U=d 880
Hai tu C2, C3 m^c no'i tie'p nhau va mac song song vdi tu Ci:
Ta c6: r C2C3 1.3
- C2+C3 -0,75nF
Vay: Hieu dien the giCTa hai ban tu dien la U - d Hinh c
V
1+ 3
880 "~ Dien dung tiTdng di/dng cua bo tu: C = Ci + C23 = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 ^F
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
B6i du3ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguyen Phij Dgng
O' 2 7 IQ"'*'>'*''•"''^
- Hieu dien the cua tu C,: U, = U 2 3 = U = 120 V. .
uieu dien the ciia b6 tu sau khi ngdt khoi nguon: U = = — = 270 V
- Dien tich ciia tu C,: Q, = C U , = 0,25.10"*. 120 = 3.10"' C.
- Dien tich cua tu C 2 va C.,: Q 2 3 = C23U23 = 0,75.10 ^ 120 = 9. l O ' C.
^ pien tich cua tu C,: Q ; = C , U ; = 0,2.10-^270 = 5,4.10--^ C
• Q 2 = Q 3 = Q 2 3 = 9.10^C
^ pjgntichcuatu C2: Q 2 = C 2 U ^ =0,8.10^^270 = 2,16.10--^ C .
- Hieu dien the cua tu C 2 : U , = ^ = = 90 V
Vay: Hieu dien the' bp tu va dien tich moi tu sau khi ngat ra khoi nguon la
C2 10-^
U' = 270 V; Q'l =5,4.10-'Cva Q'2 = 2,16.10~'C.
_ Q 3 _9.10-' _ ,
- Hieu dien the cua tu C3: U , = = = 30 V . 4 9. Hai tu khong khi phang c6 Cj = 2 C 2 , mac noi tiep vao nguon U khong doi.
C3 3.10"
Ci/^ng dp dien tru'dng trong Ci thay doi bao nhieu Ian neu nhiing C 2 vao chat
d) Hai tu C 2 , C 3 mac song song va mac noi tiep vcti tu Ci: *' " ' •'. ^
didn moi c6 e = 2?
Ta c6: C23 = C 2 + C3 =2+ 1 = Bai giai
C C 23 C1C2 2C2C2 _ 2 C 2 _
- Dien dung tu'cJng di/dng ciia bo tu: C = — ' ^-^ =—^— = 1,2LIF Dien dung ban dau cua bp tu: C =
b< ^ ^ * • • C,+C23 2 + 3 ^ C2 C , + C 2 2C2+C2
- Dien tich cua t u C i : ^' 2

Qi = Q 2 3 = Q = CU = 1 , 2 . ] 0 M 0 = 1,2.10^' C.
- Dien tich ban dau ciia bp tu: Q = CU = - C 2 U
- Hieu dien the cua tu Ci: U, = — = ^-^^^^^— = 6 V . C3 2 '

• • C, 2.10-^
Hinh d
O 1 2 ! 0" - Hieu dien the cua tu C,: U , = - ^ = ^ =—
- Hieu dien the cua tu C 2 , C3: U , = U , - U „ = = = 4 V. ' C, 2C2 3
3.10"^ - Neu nhiing C 2 vao chat dien moi CO e = 2 => =2C2 * i a .,.v,;%.t W
- Dien tich cua tu C2: Q2 = C2U2 = 2.10 ^4 = 0,8.10 ' C. C .C 2C . 2 C

+ Dien dung sau khi nhiing cua bp tu: C' = — ' — ^ = — = C2
- Dien tich ciia tu C 3 : Q 3 = C3U3 = 10 ^4 = 0,4.10^^ C. C| + C 2 2 C 2 ~^ 2 C 2
4.8. Hai tu khong khi phang Ci = 0,2 |A F, C 2 = 0,4^ F mac song song. Bp tu dUdc + Dien tich sau khi nhiing cua bp tu: Q' = C U = C 2 U
tich dien den hieu dien the' U = 450V roi ngat khoi nguon. Sau do lap day Q' CU U
khoang giffa 2 ban C2 bJng dien moi e = 2. Tinh hieu dien the bo tu va dien
+ Hieu dien the'cua tu Ci sau khi nhiing: U', = — = ^ ^ — - —
q 2C2 2
tich moi tu.
U' ^
Bai giai + Dodo: - ! - = - = l,5
U, 2 ;
- Dien dung cua bo tu trifdc khi ngat khoi nguon:
C = C,+ C2 = 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,6^F
M,E = H^^ = ^ = 1,5.
- Dien tich cua bp tu:Q = CU = 0,6.IO-'.450 = 2,7.10^ C
- Dien dung ciia tu C 2 sau khi lap day dien moi: Vay: Cu"cfng dp dien trU'cJng trong Ci ting 1,5 Ian.
'^•10. Ba ta'm kim loai phing giong nhau dat song song va noi nhiT hinh. Dien tich
C; = eC, = 2.0,4 = 0,8 ^F
moi ban S - lOOcn', khoang each giffa hai ban lien tiep d = 0,5cm. Noi A, B
9.10^47l.d
- Dien dung cua bp tu sau khi lap day C 2 bang dien moi: V(3i nguon U = lOCN.
C' = C, + C2 = 0,2 + 0,8 = 1 ^F ^) Tim dien dung cua C O ty va diSn ti;h tren moi , - 1
- Ng^t tu ra khoi nguon thi dien tich khong doi: Q = Q = 2,7. lO"* C tarn kim loai.
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Bfli duOnp hoc sinh gi6i V j t l» 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
b) Ng^t A , B khoi nguon. Djch chuyen ban b theo . Bon tam k i m loai phang giong nhau dat
phUdng vuong goc v d i ban mot doan x. song song nhU" hinh ve. Khoang each B D = B
Tinh hieu d i e n the giffa A , B theo x. A p dung = 2DE. N o i A , E v d i nhau roi noi B, D
k h i x = d/2. , , vdi nguon U = 12V, ke do ngat nguon d i . D
B a i giai Tim hieu dien the giiTa B, D neu sau do:
- He du'dc x e m gom hai tu C| va C2 ghep song song nhau. ^)NoiAvîB ^ .
eS Khong noi A , B nhu"ng lap day khoang giffa B, D bang dien m o i c6 e = 3.

- D i e n dung cua moi t u : C | = C 2 = C,
B a i giai
9.10^4nd
-4 He thong 4 ban k i m loai tren tu'dng du'dng mach tu nhiT hinh ve:
100.10
OC,=C2 = •«1,77.10"" F Dien dung cua t u C b C s :
9.10^471.0,5.10"^
a) D i e n dung cua bp tu va dien tich tren moi tarn k i m loai C,=C2 = eS „ B A E, D

- Diendungcuabotu:C = C , + C 2 = 1,77.10-".2 = 3,54.10"" F.
9.10^471 d °
B D
_ D i e n dung cua tu C 3 :
~ H i e u dien the m o i tu la: U , = U2 = U = 100 V .
eS
- D i e n tich cua m o i t u : Q, = Q 2 = C i U | = 1,77.10 ".100 = 1,77.10""'C. C3 =
9 . 1 0 ^ 4 7 1 .2d 2
B D
- D i e n tich tren tam k i m loai A : Q A = Q i + Q2 = 1,77.10"^2 = 3,54.10"' C.
- D i e n tich tren tam k i m loai B : Q B = Q I = Q 2 = 1,77.10^^ C . " c c
V a y : D i e n dung ciia bp tu la C = 3,54.10 " F; d i e n tich tren cac ta'm k i m loai - Dien dung ti/dng diTdng cua bp t u : C = C12 + C3 = ~Y^~2^ ^°
- Dien tich cua ca bp t u : Q = C U = CoU
la Q A = 3 , 5 4 . 1 0 ' C; Q B = 1,77.10 ' C.
a) Khi noi A v d i B: K h i noi A , B bang day dan thi c6 sir phan bo l a i dien tich
b) K h i ngat A , B ra k h o i nguon dien: Ngat A , B ra k h o i nguon thi dien tich
nhirhinhve: :;);., ...
2e SU
khongdoi: Q = Q = CU = Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q = Q
9.10^47i.d
sS eS o(Co+^)U, = C o U o l , 5 C o U , = CoU E D
- D i e n dung cua moi t u : C, = •;C,=-
C3
' 9.10^471 (d + x ) ' ^ 9.10^471 (d-x)
- D i e n dung cua bp t u : C=fCj+C2

=> U, -iL:=:ii:.8V = U E D
' 1,5 1,5 " • 3
eS eS 8S.2d Vay: H i e u d i e n the giiifa B va D khi noi A v d i B la U B D = 8 V .
9.10^47c(d + x) 9.10^471 ( d - x ) 9.10^47i ( d ^ - x ^ ) Khi lap day giiifa B va D bang dien m o i : K h i lap day khoang giffa B, D dien
- H i e u dien the cua bp t u : " i 6 i CO e = 3: • >: •
Q' 2e SU 3C • •
U =- -.9.10^471 ( d ^ - x ^ ) ^ U ' = " - ^ ^ ' - ^ ' ^ - B i e n dung cua tu C 3 : C 3 = — ^ = l , 5 C o .
C 9.10^47td.eS. 2d
•it - E)iendungcuabptu:C = C , 2 + C 3 = ^ + l,5Co=2Co.

U.(d2---) ^ -
- Khi X - - U - ^ = - U = -100 = 7 5 V .
~" Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: Q ' = Q .
.\ni 2 4 4
,\, -L
^ 2CoU, = C o U U, - Y = y - 6 V =UBD.
V a y : H i e u dien the giiTa A va B theo x la U ' - ^'^^ ~^ -*.
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B6i difflng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyjn PhO £)6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
V a y ; K h i lap day giffa B va D bang dien m o i thi hieu d i e n the giffa B va D 4 13 Bon tafm k i m loai phang hinh tron dffdng kinh
UBD = 6 V . : R.>« p = 12cm dat song song cdch deu, khoang each
4.12. T u phang khong k h i C = 2pF. Nhdng chim m6t nufa tu vô diSn m o i 16r giffa 2 tam lien tie'p d = 1mm. N o i 2 tam A vdi D
e = 3. T i m d i e n dung neu khi nhiing, cac ban dat: j - ^ i noi B , E vdi nguon U = 20V. Tinh dien dung
a) Thang dffng. b) N a m ngang. -i* <; : ciaa bo tu va dien tich cua m o i tam. ^
Baigiai B a i giai
eS _ He thong 4 ta'm k i m loai tren tiTcJng difdng mach tu nhu" hinh ve:
Ta c6: D i e n dung ban dau cua tu: C- = 2pF
9.10^471 d eS
j D i e n dung cua m o i tu: C, = C2 = C3 = Q =
a) K h i cac ban dat thdng dufng, he diTdc xem g o m 2 tu C, va Cj mac song song: 9.10^47td
C, 0,06^ 10 p_ B A
f2 —
c, 1 1
s
C2
9.10^47td 9.10^4.10"-^ 1 1
C2
D
1 1E
D i e n dung cua bo tu: 7 B D 1 1
I
C3
C,2.C3
C = 10-'° F c.
C„+C, 2C„+C„
- D i e n dung cua tu C i : C ] =
9.10^4Tcd 2 - D i e n t i c h c u a b 6 t u : Q = C U = - . 1 0 " ' .20 = - . 1 0 " ^ C = > Q,2 = Q 3 = - . 1 0 " ^ C
S 3 3 3
^2 _sC 4 9
- D i e n dung cua tu C2: C , = - „ .10-5
9.10^4nd 2 :i$u dien the hai dau bo tu C,, C2: U , = U2 = U,2 = -
C,2 2.10-'° 3
- Diendungcuabotu: = - + — - ( — ) C - ( — ) . 2 - 4 pF.
2 2 2 2 hien tich cua cac tu C,, C j ; Qi = Q2 = C , U , = I Q - ' ^ . y = 1.10"^ C . r
V a y : K h i cac ban tu d a t t h i n g duTng thi dien dung cua tu la = 4 pF.
D i e n tich tren m o i tam:
b) K h i cac ban dat nam ngang, he diTdc xem g o m 2 tu C i va C2 m^c noi tiep.
+ T a m A : Q, = - . 1 0 - ^ C ; tam B : Q, + Q2 = - . 1 0 - ^ C .
3
C, t ^'
2
C2
+ T a m D : Q2 + Q 3 = - . I Q - ^ C ; tam E: Q 3 = - . 1 0 - ^ C .
T 3'
eS
- D i e n dung i u a tu C i : C, = V a y : D i e n dung cua bo tu la C = - . 1 0 ' ° F ; dien tich cua m o i tam k i m
3
' -9.10^471-
-2C loai Ih:
eS
- D i e n dung cua tu C2: C2 = - Q A = | . 10-5 C ; QB = - . 1 0 - 5 C ; QD = - . 1 0 - 5 C va QE = - . 1 0 - ' ' C .
3 3 3 3
9.10^4n-
2 -28C •14. T u xoay g o m n ta'm hinh ban nguyet dU'dng
T
kinh D = 12cm, khoang each giffa 2 ta'm loien tiep
- D i e n dung cua bp tu: = 2C.2SC 2B c = i : 3 _ . 2 = 3 p l
C,+C2 2C + 2 8 C 1 + e 1+3 d = 0,5mm. Phan d o i dien giffa ban co dinh va
ban di chuyen c6 dang hinh quat vdi goc d tam la
V a y : K h i cdc ban tu d a t nam ngang thi dien dung cua tu la Cb = 3 pF.
a (0° < a < 180°).
82 83
Bfil diflng hoc sinh gi6l V9t ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyin PhO B6ng Cty TIMHH MTV DWHJ<hann Vi$t
a) Bie't dien dung ciTc dai cua tu la 1500pF. Tinh n. V3y- ^'^ phdng dien giiTa hai ban tu dien thi a > 4 0 ° . "
b) T u diTdc noi v d i hieu dien the U = 500V va d vj 4 15. Cho mot so tu dien d i e n dung Co = 3 f i F . N e u each m^c dQng it tu nha't de
tri a = 120°. T i n h d i e n t i c h c u a t u . ), r-r'-^^^^^'j ^5 dien dung 5 ^ F. V e sd do each mac nay. , ,
c) Sau do ngat tu khoi nguon va thay ddi a . D j n h
Bai giai
de sir phong dien giffa hai ban. B i e t d i e n
_
CO \.,:;;^^^f-''
Bp tu C O dien dung 5 ^F > Co => Co mac song song vdi C|:
trirdng gidi han cua khong k h i la 3.10*V/m.
' =>C; = 5-3 = 2MF ^1 ' .
Baigiai
C, = 2 )iF < Co => C| gom Co mdc noi tiep vdi C2: Q Q
- D i e n tich phan d o i dien cua moi ban: S = - 7 i R ^ . - ^ ( a tinh bang do) 1 1 ^_L_1_1=1 J—"—^'—1 Co
2 180"
C2 Co '2 3 6 ••'•'H (-] Co
- Hai ban d o i dien tao nen tu dien C O dien dung:
=>C2 = 6^F
_ C2 = 6 M F = CO + CO
=-
Co
* C, = ^ v d i : R = 0,06 m ; d = 5.10^ m . = > C2 gom Co mac song song vdi Co.
9.10^471 d 9.10^4Tcd vay: Phai dung it nhat 5 tu Co va mac nhiT sau: [((Co nt Co) // Co) nt Co] // Co
-ri D
(hinh ve). • ,.,;>,:,: - . j , , , • • • :• „.,i
-7i.0,06^~ ^'r-,r>'^'4r*^^
4.16. Cho bp tu dien nhir hinh ve. Tinh dien dung bp t u , hieu dien the va dien
,^=^C,=^^ L8QL=«.,O-"F
' 9.10^471.5.10-^ 18 tich moi t u , cho C, = C , = C., = Ui F, C2 = 4 ^ F, C 4 = 12î F, U = 30V.
- T u gom n ban tiTdng du"dng (n - 1) tu C i ghep song song nen d i e n dung cua tu Bai giai
^ / (n-l)a.l0-"
C C 14 '
\y la: C = (n - 1 )C, = -^^ - Dien dung tirdng diTdng cua C, C2: C,2 = 2 _ • = 0,8HF
18 1+ 4
a) T i n h n ,t;,• t" . • i - ' 4 ;')!• • - Dien dung tiTdng diTdng ciia C i , C 2 , C3:
D i e n dung ciTc dai cua tu ]h 1500 pF khi a = 180°. Ci23 = C,2 + C 3 = 0 , 8 + 1 = l,8jiF
C4 C2
=> 1500.10-^ = < " - ' > - ' ^ ° ° ' ° " " => „ - l = 15 => „ = 16. - Dien dung tiTdng dirdng cua C,, C 2 , C 3 , C 4 : c
18 C - _ 1,8.1,2
U ^ c, J - c
V a y : T u xoay c6 n = 16 tSm hinh ban nguyet. i© a||T -'1234
^nyC,
- 0,72 ^ I F c> r' 1
C,23+C4 1,8 + 1,2
b) D i e n tich cua tu dien
E>ien dung tirpng diTdng cua bp t u :
- K h i a = 1 2 0 ° ^ C = i ^ ^ i ^ ^ - ^ = 10-^ F .
C = C,234 + C, = 0,72 + 1 = 1,72|iF '
18 • ^. i.l:.t ..J^. . •
Hieu dien the hai dau tu C,: U 5 = U = 30 V .
•2 D i e n tich cua t u : Q = C U = 10-^.500 = S.IO'^ C.
~ E)ien tich tu C 5 : Qs = C5U5 = 10-'.30 = 3.10 ' C.
c) Gia t r i cua a de c6 sir phong dien giffa hai ban tu
~ E>ien tich tu C,234: Q1234 = C,-234U = 0,72.10^.30 = 2,16.10'^ C.
- H i e u dien the gidi han cua hai ban t u : Ugh = Eghd = S.IO'.O.S.IO"* = 1,5.10^ =
~ ^ ' e n t i c h t u C 4 : Q 4 = Q,23 = Qi234 = 2 , l 6 . 1 0 - ' C .
- K h i ng^t tu k h o i nguon thi Q = const. D i e n tich ciia mot t u :
Q^5ao;lîo:^ ,
^ " i e u dien the'hai d a u t u C 4 : n ^''^'"'%18 V .
^ 15 15 3 C, 1,2.10-
<15 ::.> a>40°. ^ i ^ u dien the' hai d£u tu C 3 va C,2: U 3 = U,2 = U,23 = ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = '^ V .
a.lO-" Cj23 1,8.10
85
B6i doBng hgc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
- D i e n tich tu C 3 : Q 3 = C 3 U 3 = 10-^ 1 2 = 1 , 2 . 1 0 ' C. iH Cho bo tu dien nhU'hlnh dU'di, C 2 = 2Ci, UAB = 16V. T i n h U M B .
- D i e n tich tu C,, C j : Q, = Q 2 = Q12 = C,2U,2 = 0,8.10 ^12 = 9,6.10 ' C. B a i giai
-6 Sdd6machtu: {[(r,/^C,)ntC2]//C,} ntC2. ^ ,,n
Q, 9,6.10
- H i e u dien the hai dau tu C i : U , = • =9,6V.
-6 ' " p i ^ n ' ^ " " S tu"(<ng du'dng cua doan mach M , B: C2 Cj
10 N M
-6 i " CMB = C , - H C , = 2 C , A -
9,6.10
- H i e u dien the hai dau tu C^. U , = ^ • = 2,4 V . r p j g n dung ti/dng du'dng cua doan mach N M B :
,-6
C2 4.10" C^-CMB _ 2C,.2C, ^
4.17. Trong hinh diTdi: C, = 3 n F, C 2 = 6)aF, C3 = C^ = 4|iF, C 5 = 8 ^ F , U = 900V CNMB q + C ^ B 2C,+2C, ' BiH
T i n h hieu dien the giCfa A , B. Dien dung tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach N B :
B a i giai CNB = CNMB + C I = C I + C | = 2C|
- S d d o mach t u : [(Ci n t C 2 ) / / ( C 3 n t C 4 ) ] ntCs.
_ _ 2Cp2C,
- H i e u dien the giffa hai d i e m A B : UAB = - U | + U 3 . Didn dung tifdng du'dng cua doan mach A B : CAB =
^2 "^^NB 2Cj+2Ci
C,.C, 3.6
- Ta c6: = = 2|iF _ Dien tich cua bo t u : Q = C A B U = C,.16 = 16C, => Q 2 = QNB = 16C,
C,+C2 3+6 11
_ Hieu dien the giiTa hai d i e m N , B: Uj^^ = = =8 V .

C 3 , = ^ =^ = 2^F 1 11 CfjB 2C,
C3+C4 4 + 4 1
C3 U4
- Dien tich cua doan mach N M B : QNMB = CNMB-UNB = C 1 . 8 = SC,.
C,234 = C,2 + C 3 4 = 2 + 2 = 4^F 1
=^ Q 2 = Q M B = QNMB = 8 C 1
- D i e n dung tu'dng du'dng cua bo t u : u
c r 4.8 8 - Hieu dien the' giffa hai d i e m M , B: U M B
C 2C
^1234 +^5 4 +8 3
Vay: H i e u d i e n the giffa hai d i e m M , B la U M B = 4 V .
- D i e n tich cua bo t u : Q = C U =: - . 10"^900 = 24. lO-"* C . 4.19.Cho bo tu mac nhU' hinh ben.
c,
• 3 C C
. = > Q 5 = Q,234 = Q = 24.10^C. Chilng minh rang neu c6 — = — thi
C3 C4
- H i e u dien the hai dau tu C, va C 2 :
khi K m d hay K dong, dien dung cua
U,2 = U 3 4 = U,234 = ^ - = 600 V
bo tu khong d d i . B
C1234 4.10"^
B a i giai
- D i e n tich cua tu C, va C j :
"~ Khi K m d , sd do mach t u : ( C i nt C2) // ( C 3 nt C 4 )
Q12 = C,2U,2 = 2.10^.600 = 12.10^ C; Q, = Q 2 = Q,2 = 12.10-^ C.
C,
+ T a c o : C,^ = - ^ ^ ; C . , = - ^ ^ .
- H i e u dien the hai dau t u C , : U , = - l i z= J ± ! i ! _ = 400 V . '2 C,+C2 C3+C4
C, 3.10-^
+ D i e n dung tu'dng du'dng cua bp t u : /K
- D i e n tich cua tu C 3 va C 4 :
••
Q34 = C34U34 = 2.10^.600 = 12.10^ C; Q 3 = Q 4 = Q34 = 12.10"^ C. C -- C
r 12 + r 3 4 -= —^—
J. L 1 ^—2 - +
, ^3^4
(1) C3 B
-4 C,+C2 C3+C4
12.10
- H i e u dien the'hai dau tu C 3 : U , = — - = = 300V.
^-6 hi K dong, sd do mach t u : (C, // C 3 ) nt ( C 2 // C 4 )
S 4.10"
+ Ta c6: C,3 = C, + C 3 ; C24 = C2 + C4.
- H i e u dien the giffa hai d i e m A , B: UAB = - U i + U 3 = - 4 0 0 + 3 0 0 = - 1 0 0 V .
86
87
B6i daSng hgc sinh gi6i V<it ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH_Khana Vi$t
. (C, + C , ) ( C , +C^) //(«^ 2: SP do bp tu nhu^sau: H o a n

+ D i e n dung WOng di/dng c u a bo tu: C = — ^ (2)
C j +C-, + C 2 +C_^ toan tiTdng tu" vdi hinh 1 nen:
c, c, C = C,2 + C 3 4 = | + | = 2 ^ F .
- Tac6: — = ^
C3 C, C2
Hinh 3: Sd do bp tu nhU' sau:
(3)
- Thay (3) v a o ( l ) va (2)tadircJc: Ta c6:

C3 " 4 ~ 2 ' C 4 2
-.2
ACl ACl A
C = + ^ = (C, + C J (4) c, q
(A + 1)C, ( A + 1)0, A +1 , 1."
C3
C =
A(C,+CJ'
-(C,+CJ (5)
c c
(A + IXC^+C^) A +1 V i —- = — nen dien dung cua bo tu
C3
- Tuf (4), (5) suy ra C = C'. khSng doi khi b6 mot tu C 5 . M a c h
V a y : K h i K md hay dong, dien dung cua bp tu luon khong doi. dien diTpc ve l a i : (C, nt C 2 ) // ( C 3 nt
4.20. Trong cac hinh diTdi: C, = C 4 = C 5 = 2 ^l F , C 2 = 1 ^ F , C 3 = 4 n F . T i n h dien C4)//Cs.
C1
dung bp t u .
C2 A - Ta cd: C 12
C,+C2 2+ 1 3
B C C C C3
C, 11
^ 1
B C3+C4 4+ 2 3
:C4 I
- Dien dung tU'Png dU'Png cua bp t u :
C3
B
Hinh 2 Hinh 3 C = C|2 + C34 + C 5 = - + - + 2 - 4 uF.
3 3
B a i giai
4.21. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, nguon UMA = 3V, U N B = 8 V , tu C , = 2 H F , C2 =
a) Hinh 7: S P do bp tu nhu" sau:
3 j i F . T i n h hieu dien the'cua moi t u .
B a i giai
C3 4 2 C,
Gia sur si/ phan bo' dien tich tren cac tu nhU' hinh ve:
qi = q 2 = > C | U N M = C2UAB M C, N
B
C,U
- + - + + -
c c
- Vi — - — nen dien dung cua bp tu khong doi khi bo tu C 5 . Luc do bp tu
C3 C4 ~ Hieu dien the hai dau tu C i :
gom: (C, nt C 2 ) // (C3 nt C 4 ) . Ta c6: UNM = U N B + U B A + ÂM + -
4.2 4 ^ ;:
Ci2 = =>UMM= 8-- 3 = 5--U^^ UNM = 3 V
C,+C2 2+ 1 3 C3+C4 4 + 2 3
- D i e n dung tU'Png diTPng ciia bp tu: C = C12 + C34 = —+ —=

2 4
2(xF. C U 2
H i e u dien the hai dau tu C j : U^g = - J — ^ M . = __2^2\
88 89
Boi dL/t3r,g hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. lap 1 - fJyuyen Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
V a y : H i e u dien the hai dau m 6 i tu la U , = 3 V va U2 = 2 V . B a l giai

4.22. Cho mach d i e n nhiThinh ve: C, = 12|aF, C2 = l O ^ F , C 3 = SîF, U , = 18V, Qii sur dien tich tren cdc ban tu du'Pc phan bo' nhif hinh ve:
U2= lOV. T i n h Q m o i t u . f ; T a c 6 : - q i + q 2 + q5 = 0 (1)

- q j + q4 - qs = 0 ( 2 )
• .| • '••„, T' Baigiai
1'
ii q2
+ - - + UAM + UMB = UAB O — +— =
1 1
1 1
qi+q2=q3 0)
Ta c6: Uq+Uc3=U, ( 2 )
c, + C2
+ ^ = ^qi+q2=108^C
6 6
+ - - +
UAN + U N B = U A B « ^ + ^ = : ^ U ^ B
U2 L.3
vdiU, = ^ ; U , = ^ ; U , =Sl = ^ (4)
^1 C, ^2 C2 ^3 C3 C3 :=>^ + ^ = 18 => 2 q 3 + q , = 7 2 M C (4)
- T i r ( 2 ) va ( 3 ) , t a c 6 :
q , ( - + - ) = U , - ^ UAM + U M N = U A N O ^ + ^ = ^
(5)
C, C3 C, ' C3 L| C3
(6) ^ ^ + ^ =^=>q + 1 5q = 3 q
C3 ' ^^V, C,' 6 4 2 ^1 ' ^5
(5)
- Tir(l),(2),(3),(4)va(5)tadirdc:
U,- ^2
C.+C, -qi+q2+q5 =0 qj=57|iC
- L a y ( 5 ) : (6), ta diTdc: ' —^ q2=51
q,+q2=108 q3=22^C
2q3+q4=72 q4=28C
1 8 - ^2
2 + 5 q, -3q3 +I,5q5 - 0 q5-6)aC
(qa: dc(n vj tinh la | J , C )
10 + 5
lO-q^.
"10.5 ~ Diendungcuab6tu:C = Q = ^ i ^ = ^ Z l ^ = 29^p.
U U 18 18 ^ ,
1 8 - ^2
'^•24. Tu phang khong k h i , dien tich m o i ban S, khoang each 2 ban d, tich dien
o3,5- =^ ^2 =:rrr = 2 0 ^ C = 2 . 1 0 " ^ C.
10-0,3q2 0,85 <3en hieu d i e n the U roi ngat khoi nguon. Cac ban tu dat thang dilng. Do dien
2 + 5 20 " i 6 i CO hang so dien m o i e vao ngap nuTa tu dien.

- Tir(5),tac6: q , . — = ^ 1 8 - ^
^) Tinh dien dung cua t u . : 'lf.£ll;> ,
=> q , - 2 0 ^ C = 2.10-^ C ; q 3 = qi + q2 = 4 0 ^ C = 4.10-' C. Tinh mat dp d i e n tich d m o i phan tren mat ban. '
Tinh cadng dp d i e n tri/dng trong khoang giffa 2 ban d phan khong k h i va phan
V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i tu la q, = 2.10"' C; qz = 2.10"' C; qa = 4.10"' C.
î^nmoi.
4.23. Cho bp tu nhir hinh ve: C, = C2 = 6 ^ F , C 3 = 2 ^ ? , C4 = C5 = 4 | i F , U A B Tinh dp bien thien nSng li/dng cua t u . - '
18V. T i n h d i e n tich m o i tu va dien dung bp t u . » = Baigiai vt V
dufpc x e m g o m hai tu Ci//C2: it,-, i-'nb
90
6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin Phu B6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khano Vi§t
a) Dien dung cua bo tu: c, ^, _ U' _ 2U

- Tac6: c,
Vay: Cirdng do dien trUdng trong khoang giffa hai ban d phan khong khi va
" 2 _8 0 S '
2U
+ Dien dung cua tu C i : C ,
d 2d phdndienm6ilaE' = ^ ^ .
S
£^0-2 (J) E)o bien thien nang liTdng cua tu ' 1 '„'.•>,,••' ' '
+ Dien dung cua tu C2: C 2 = , Ta c6:
d 2d
_ EQS 88QS _ ( l + s)eoS + Nang lu^dng cua tu sau khi nga't khoi nguon:
- Dien dung tiTdng difdng cua bo tu: C = C i + C2 = — +
2d 2U = 1 ^QS-^^
( l + 8)eoS 2 2 2d 1+8 " 2 ' d(l + 8 )
Vay: Dien dung tiTcfng di/dng cua bo tu la: C = . + Nang lu'dng cua tu khi con noi vdi nguon:
b) Mat do dien tich d moi phan tren mat ban

2 2 d
- Ban dau, khi noi tu vdi nguon: Q = CU = ^ . U . _ Do bien thien nang lu'dng cua tu la: AW = W ' - W
1 8„S.2U
(l+8)EoS => AW = 0
2d 2 ' d(l + 8 ) 2" d • 2' d M+8
- Luc sau, khi ngat tu khoi nguon: Q' = C ' U ' = .U .
2U
- V l Q ' = Q n e n f o ^ . U = i i : ^ ^ .U'=> U ' =
2d 1 +c AW =
2d(l+e)
0jd 8 SU^d - s )
- Vdi phan tu "khong khi": U ' = V$y: Do bien thien nSng lu'dng cua tu la: AW = . '
' 2d(l+e)
2d 4.25. B6 4 tu giong nhau ghep theo hai each nhu'hinh ve.
a) Cach nao c6 dien dung Idn hdn.
' d d'l+8 ( l + 8)d b) Neu dien dung tu khac nhau chiing phai c6 lien he the nao de C A = CB-
2
- Vdi phan tu "dien moi": U ' = = \= -Hh
C2 86QO
Id" Cach A CachB

d 1 +8 ( l + e)d Bai giai
Vay: Mat dp dien tich d moi phan tren mat ban la XSc djnh each mic bo tu
^ C^chA: C, C2 C
28oU 288oU
va - + Didn dung ti/dng diTdng ciia C,, C2, C3:
( l + 8)d " ( l + 8)d
c) CircJng do dien tru^^ng trong khoang giiJa hai 'ban 6 phan khong khi va ph^"
dien moi
EîendungtiTdngdU'dngcijabotu:
93
B6l duSng hpc sinh giai Vgt I)? 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TfJllH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
C A = C,23 + C 4 = | + C = ^ C . , C, C2 ^ HiSudienthehaidiem A, O: Uô = ^ = 3,5 V . ^,

HI Ih
- CachB: HiSu dien the hai diem B, O: UBO = - U O B = - ( U , - UAO) = -(3 - 3,5) = 0,5 V.
Hieu dien the hai diem C, O: Uco = -Uoo = -(U2 - UBO) = -(4,5 - 0,5) = - 4 V.
+ Dien dung Wdng du-dng cua Ci, C 2 : C^2=—•
C4 vay: Hieu dien the giffa cac diem A, O; B, O va C, O Ian \Mt la UAO = 3,5 V;
c UBO = 0,5 V; Uco = V .
+ Dien dung tiTdng diTdng cua C 3 , C4: C^^= — .
4.27. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve. U , = lOV, M
C C ' U2 = 20V, C, = 0,1 i^F, C2 = 0,2^F. Tinh 1 — ^ ' — i 1—^1—1
+ Dien dung tUdng dUdng cua bp tu: C B = C12 + C34 = y + = C. c, C2
s6 dien tilr chay qua khoa K khi K dong.
Vay: Cach ghep A bp tu c6 dien dung Idn hdn.
+ - + -
b) He tiiiJc giiJa dien dung cac tu dien de C A = C B Bai giai
C.C.C, ^ C3C, •u ,• N
Ta c6: C A = C B <=> C . +
_ Khi K md: C, m^c noi tiep vdi C2:
Cf^ + C2C3 + C3C, Cj + C2 C3 + C 4 + Dien dung tUPng du'Png cua Ci, C2:
=^C,=—^
c c
(Cjba'tki). 1—^'—11—^'—1
Cj + C 2 C,+C2 0,1 + 0,2 30 c, C2
Vay: De C A = C B thi giffa dien dung cua cdc tu dien phai thoa he thiJc + Dien tich tren moi tu:
+ - + -
C C Q l = Q 2 = Q = C,2.(U,+U2)
C^=-—L-2- (Cjba'tki). N U2
C, + C 2 =—.30 = 2^C
30
4.26.Ba tu dien nhiT nhau diTcJc mac vao mach nhiT hinh ve, cho biet: Ui = 3V,
+ Hieu dien the tren tu Ci, C2:
U 2 = 4,5V. Hay fim cac hieu dien the: UAO, UBO va Uco-
Baigiai Qi
U, = -20V;
0,1
Gia suf sir phan bo' dien tich tren cac tu nhiT hinh ve.
- T a c 6 : - q i - q 2 + q3 = 0 (1) 2
-lOV.
UAO + UOB = U , 0,2
~ Khi K dong, Ci noi vdi nguon U | , C2 noi vdi nguon U2. Liic nay cac tu c6
^ - ^ =U.^q,-q2=3C (2)
L., ^2 dien tich ,Q2 (gia siif da'u cua cac ban tu nhir cu):
U B O + UOC = U2
Qi = C , . U , = 0 , 1 . 1 0 - 1 |iC;Q2 =C2.U2 =0,2.20 = 4 ^C
^ +^ = U2 = > q 2 + q 3 = 4 , 5 C - Trirdc khi dong K, dien tich tai M : QM = Q2 - Qi = 0.
L,2 '^3
~ Saukhid6ngK,dientichtaiM: Q j ^ = Q 2 - Q j = 3 n C .
=> q2 + qi + q2 = 4,5C ,
=> q, + 2q2 = 4,5C (3) •~ BienliTdngquakhoaK: AQ = Q i ^ - Q ^ = 3 ^ C . , '
- Tijf (2) suy ra: 2qi - 2q2 = 6C

" So dien tur chay qua khoa K: n = — = ^^^^ = l,875.10'^ H j
- Tuf (3) suy ra: qi + 2q2 = 4,5C
e 1,6.10"'^
ii>3q, = 10,5C;q, = 3,5C
Vay: So So dien tuf chay qua khoa K khi K dong m n = 1,875. lO".
QA 95
B6i diiSng hnr. sinh ai6i Vjt ly 11, tjip 1 - Nguygn PhCi ^^..^ Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
4 . 2 8 . Tren hinh v e : UAB = 2 V (khong doi). 4,30. H a i tu dien C, = 3 ^ i F , C2 = 2 n F diTdc tich dien d e n hieu dien the U , =
K
C, = C2 = C 4 - 6 n F , C 3 = 4\iF. Tinh 3OOV, U2 = 200V. Sau dd ngat tu khoi nguon v ^ noi tCfng ban m o i tu v d i nhau.
dien tich cac tu va dien liTdng di chuyen Tinh hieu dien the bp t u , dien tich moi tu va dien li/png qua day ndi neu:
• B
qua dien ke G khi dong K . 3) N6'i ban a m C, v d i ban diTdng C j . b) N d i ban a m cua 2 tu v d i nhau.
c, Isfdi cic ban cung dau v d i nhau. d) N d i cac ban trdi dau v d i nhau.
B a i giai B a i giai
C4
- K h i K dong, mach tu nhiT sau: [(Ci // C2) nt C 4 ] // C 3 : Ta cd: D i e n tich ban dau cua m o i tu:
+ D i e n dung tiTdng di/dng cua C , , C2: C12 = C i + C2 = 6 + 6 = 1 2 p,F Qi = C , U , = 3.300 = 900 ^ C = 9.10^ C. + - + .
+ D i e n dung tiTdng difdng cua C,, C2, C 4 : C, „ Q2 = C2U2 = 2.200 = 4 0 0 ^ C = 4 . 1 0 " ' C . " "
a) Khi ndi ban am C, vdi ban dUdng C2 ^' ^'
_ C,,.C, 12.6
= 4|iF
'"124 A B V i mach khong k i n nen khong cd siT di chuyen dien tich: AQ = 0.
12 + 6
C2 Q ; = Q , =9.10-^ C ; Q 2 = Q 2 =4.10-^ C .
+ D i e n dung tUdng difdng cua bo t u :
?
C = C,24 + C 3 = 4 + 4 = 8|aF va U = U i + U 2 = 3 0 0 + 200 = 5 0 0 V .
+ D i e n tich cua tu C 3 : Q 3 = CJUAB = 4.2 = 8 |iF. 3 VSy: K h i ndi ban a m C, vdi ban du-dng C2, hieu dien the bp tu la U = 500 V ; '
+ D i e n tich cua tu C4: Q 4 = Q12 = Qi24 = C,24.UAB = 4.2 = 8 îF. didn tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 9.10^ C va Q'2 = 4.10"* C; dien liTdng qua day ndi la
Q' 8 AQ = 0.
+ H i e u dien the hai dû tu C , , C j : U , = U2 = U,2 = =— =^ V. b) Khi ndi ban am cua hai tu vdi nhau
-12
V i mach khong k i n nen khong cd sir di chuyen dien tich:
+ D i e n tich ciia tu C i : Q , = C i U i = 6 . - = 4 .
AQ = 0 =^ Q ; Q j = 9.10-^ C; Q2 = Q2 = 4.10-^ C . -. ^ fL
2 va U = U j - U 2 = 3 0 0 - 2 0 0 = 1 0 0 V . C, C,
+ D i e n t i c h c u a t u C 2 : Q 2 = C2U2= 6 . - = 4|aC. ,p V l y : Khi ndi ban am hai tu vdi nhau, hieu dien the bp tu la U = 100 V ; dien tich
+ D i e n liTdngdi chuyen qua dien ke G: AQ = Q 2 + Q 3 - 0 = 4 + 8 = 12 ^ C . m§i tu la Q ' , = 9.10^ C va Q'2 = 4.10^ C; dien liTdng qua day ndi \k AQ = 0.
c) Khi no'i cac ban cung dau v d i nhau
V a y : D i e n liTdng di chuyen qua dien ke G khi K dong la AQ = 12 f i C .
~ T h e o d j n h l u a t b a o t o a n dien tich:
4 . 2 9 . Hinh v e : U i = lOV, U2 = 20V, C, = 1 ^ F, C2 = 2 ^ F. T i n h dien liTdng qua G C,
Qi +Q2 = Q i +Q2 =9.10"^ +4.10'* = 13.10"^ C + ..-
khi dong K .
••'"''''"'^^ B a i giai ~ u;=U2C.^=Ql.QllQl = lH0l.260
' ' q C2 q+q 5.10-^
- Khi Q
la: Ki m
=Qd ,2di?n
= 0. tich cac ban tren cua cac tu - r U
=> Q i = 2 6 0 . C j =260.3.10"^ =7,8.10"^ C
- K h i K ddng, dien tich cac bin tren cua cac
t u l a : Q ' i = C i U , ; Q ' 2 = C2U2 Q2 =260.C2 =260.2.10-^=5,2.10"'* C .
- D i e n li/dng qua G khi K ddng l i : Aq = ( Q ' , + Q'2) - (Qi + Q2) Hieu dien the bp t u : U = = U2 = 260 V . ^
=> AQ = ( C , U , + C2U2) = 10^.10 + 2.10^.20 = 5.10~' C.
^ l e n lirdng chay qua day n d i : AQ = Q j - Q J =9.10"'*-7,8.10-'* =1,2.10"'* C .
V a y : K h i K ddng, dien liTdng qua dien ke G la AQ = 5.10'^ C.
97
6i diflny hoc sinli gioi vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
Vay: K h i no'i cac ban cilng da'u vdi nhau, hieu dien the' bo tu la U = 260 V ; d a u K d vi t r i ( l ) , t i m Q ,
dien tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 7,8.10^ C va Q'z = 5,2.10"^ C; dien lUdng qua day 3' K sang vi tri ( 2 ) . T i m Q, U cua moi tu.
. \o ^
noi la AQ = 1,2.10''*C. . Bai giai
j ^ i K d vi tri (1): D i e n tich ciia tu Ci:
d) K h i noi cac ban trai da'u v d i nhau
, C U = 1-110 = 1 10 |iC = 1,1.10"'' C .
- Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: *
Qi +Q2 = Q i - Q 2 =9.10"^ - 4 . 1 0 " * =5.lO"'* C y^y: Khi K d vi tri (1) thi Q, = 1,1.10^ C.
jQii K d vi tri (2), CO su" phan bo' lai dien tich.
Qi_^Q2_^Qr^^5J0_-^
1 2 o n n ,n r- , o-6
Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q, + Q 2 3 = Q, ( = Q'^ = Q , , ) .
Cj C2 C,+C2 5.10'
. IT - U ' - Qi-Q23_Ql+Q23 Qi _ 110
= > Q'I = 1 0 0 . q =100.3.10"^ =3.10"'* C = 50 .
' M a U . - U 2 3 « ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - ; ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
23 ^
va Q2 =100.C2 =100.2.10"^ = 2 . 1 0 " ' ' C . 2+3
Hieu dien the'hai dau tu Ci: U'l = 50 V . •
- H i e u dien the bo tu: U = U , =U2 =100 V .
_ D i e n t i c h c u a t u C , : Q , = 5 0 C j = 5 0 . 1 = 5 0 ^C = 5.10"'^ C . .
- D i e n lircJngchay qua day noi: AQ = Q j - Q , = Q . I O " ' * - 3 . 1 0 " ' ' = 6 . 1 0 " ^ C .
_ Dien tich ciia tu C2, C,: % = Q 3 = Q 2 3 = SOC^^ = 50.1,2 = 60 ixC = 6.10~** C .
Vay: K h i n o i cac ban cung da'u vdi nhau, hieu dien the' bo tu la U = 100 V;
dien tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 3.10"^ C va Q'2 = 2.10^^ C; dien liTdng qua day noi la - Hieu dien the' hai dau tu C2, C3:
AQ = 6.10~''C. U,= ^ = ^ = 30V;U3 = Q l = ^ = 20 V .

4.31. T u Ci = 2nF tich dien de'n hieu dien the 60V, sau do ngat khoi nguon va ^2 ^ ^3
noi song song v d i tu C2 chu'a tich dien. H i e u dien the bo tu sau do la 40V. Vay: Khi K d v i t r i (2) thi Q', = 5.10'' C, U ' , = 50 V ; Q'2 = Q'., = 6.10'' C,
T i n h C2 va dien tich m o i tu. U'2 = 30 V va U'3 = 20 V .
Bai giai 4.33. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Cac tu c6
- D i e n tich ban dau ciia tu C,: Qi = C , U = 2 . 6 0 = 120 ^ C . dien dung C gio'ng nhau, nguon c6 hieu 4 = r 1
dien the U . T i m dien tich m o i tu khi khda
- K h i noi C i song song v d i C2, theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q j + Q2 = Q i J u
K chuyen tif a sang b.
Bai giai
- u ; = U , = 4 0 V « 5 . . Q l = Q l l Q l . ^ = 40
~ ' ^ h i k h 6 a K d v i t r i a : D i e n t i c h t r e n t u C , : Q = C,U = CU.
^ > khoa K d v i t r i b, se cd sir phan bo l a i dien tich, gia su- suT phan bo' dien
120 ^ 120 - , „
2 + C2 ^ 40 "'chtren cac tu nhu'hinh ve.
= 40=>C2 = 2 = 1 |aF . V'
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: Qi + Q 2 + Q 3 + Q 4 = Q
- D i e n tich luc sau c u a t u C , : Q j = 4 0 C i = 4 0 . 2 = 80 ^C = 8.10 ^ C .
^ M a t k h a c : U , = U 2 6 = U 3 = U45
- D i e n tich luc sau cua tu C2: Q2 = 4OC2 = 40.1 = 40 = 4.10 ^ C . v
<=>&.^Q26 _Q3_Q45_Ql+Q26+Q3+Q45
Vay: D i e n tich ciia m o i tu khi m^c song song nhau la Q'l = 8.10"^ C v i Q'2 = c c c c c c
C + - + C + -
4 . 1 0 ^ C ; dien dung C2 = 1 ^ F . 2 2 2 2
4.32. Cho 3 tu C i = 1 n F, C2 = 2 ^l F, C3 = 3 ^ F, ^ Q_û
U = 1 lOV (hinh ben). 3C 3
OR 99
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViSt
CU
+ D i ? n t i c h t u C,: Q , =
3 cc 1.3
CU
+ D i e n tich tu Cy. Q 3 = + D i e n dung tiTcJng du-cfng cua C, va C 3 : C,3 = ' ^ = = 0,75 |aF
+ D i e n tich hai dau tu C C 3 : Qi = Q 3 = Q 1 3 = C , 3 . U = 0,75.120 = 90 ^ C
CU
+ D i e n tich tu C2, C(,: Q j = Qe = Q 2 6 = + H i e u dien the hai dau t u C , : U , = ^ - — = 90V.
6
Cj 1 J"'" ' ' 1
CU
+ D i e n tich tu C 4 , C 5 : Q 4 = Q , = Q 4 5 = AB
6
^
. H i e u dien the hai dau tuC3:
• • •
U,=
^ C3
^ = — = 30V.
3
—•
CU CU
V a y : D i e n tich ctia m o i tu la: Q i = Q 3 = ; Q 2 = Q 4 = Qs = Qe = Khi K d vj t r i (2), c6 sir phan bo lai dien tich:
K, + Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich:
4 . 3 4 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e . Cac tu c6 C,
K2 Q3=.Q3 zÛ3=U3=30V
dien dung giong nhau, nguon U = 9V. B a n
dau K2 mci, K i dong. Sau do m d K i va dong - Q , + Q 3 - Q 2 = - Q , + Q 3 - 0
K2. T i m h i e u d i e n th6'moi t u .
90 ''
Bai giai _ M a t k h d c : U\=v,c.^ =^ =^ = ^ : — = 15V.
^ C, C2 C,+C2 6.10-^ o
- K h i K2 m d , K , d5ng, mach tu nhu" sau: [Ci nt C2 nt C 3 ] :
Vay: H i e u dien the cua m o i tu khi khda K chuyen tiT vj t r i 1 sang v j t r i 2 l a :
C
+ D i e n dung ciia bo t u : C^, = — . Ui=U2 = 15V; U3=30V.
A B
+ D i e n tich ciia tu C,, C2, C 3 : Q, = Q2 = Q 3 - Q123 = C,23.U = j . U = 3 C .
4.36. Trong hinh ben: C, = 1 ^ F, C2 = 2 ^ F, C 3 = 3^l F,
—• •—
UAB = 120V. T i n h U moi tu khi K chuyen tii 1 sang 2. C,
- K h i K i m d , K2 dong, mach tu nhiT sau: [C, nt (C2 // C 4 ) nt C 3 ] :
Jj-
Bai giai
+ T a c 6 : Q'I = Q i = 3 C ; Q 3 = Q 3 = 3 C . - Khi K d vj t r i 1, mach tu gom: C| mac noi tiep v d i C 3 :
C3
+ Theo djnh luat bao to^n dien tich: + Dien dung IMng diTdng ciia C, va C 3 : Cj
+ 1+
- Q ; + Q 2 + Q 4 = - Q , + Q 2 = 0
2 ±
C,3=-S:^ = -L1 = 0 , 7 5 ^ F
3i+
- Q 2 - Q 4 + Q ' 3 = - Q 2 + Q 3 - 0
c,+C3 1+3 ^ a
+ M a t k h a c : U 2 =1]^ + D i e n tich tren m o i t u C | , C 3 :
Qi = Q 3 = Q i 3 = C , 3 . U = 0,75.120 = 90 ^ C
_ Q 4. . Q 2 + Q 4 _ Q i _ 3 C _ 90
Q2
= 1 , 5 V = ^ U , =U3 = ^ -3 V + Hiau dien the hai dau t u C , : U j = - ^ = — = 90 V .
2C -IC ' ^ C
c+c Cj 1
vay: H i e u d i ? n the m o i tu Ih: \j\ U3 = 3 V ; u'j = U 4 = 1,5 V .

+ H i e u dien the hai dau tu C 3 : U , = = — = 30 V
4 . 3 5 . Trong hinh b6n: C , = 1 n F, C2 = 5 ^ F, B ^ ^ C3 3
C 3 = 3 n F, U A B = 120V. T i n h U m o i tu k h i •^hi K d vj t r i 2: U', = U , = 9 0 V .
khda K chuyen tit v i t r i 1 sang v i t r i 2. Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich:
Cj
Bai giai - Q 3 + Q 2 = - Q 3 ^ Q 3 = Q 2 + Q 3
- K h i K d vj t r i (1): C| m^c noi tiep v d i C 3 : M a t khac: U 3 + U 2 - U
100
B6i du9ng hoc sinh gi6i Vjit ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
t,) K h i K chuyen tiy vj t r i 2 sang vj tri 2: rf... j ^ ,

<=> , K h i K d vi t r i 2, mach tu g o m : C i m^c no'i tiep v d i C2.
C,C, 1.2 7
+ D i e n dung tufdng diTcfng cua C i , C2: C , 2 -= 12
Q3 1.2=1^-
C1+C2
C3 3_ = 108|aC
1 1 + D i e n tich cua tu C i , C j : Q, = Q2 = Q12 = C j z U = j . g = 6 .
C, C3 -+ -
2 3 + H i e u dien the cua tu C i , C2:
+ H i e u dien the hai dau tu C.: ^ 2 = ^ = = 54 V . ^ ^ = ^ 6 V ; U 2 = ? 1 =^ =3V.

C2 2 C, 1 C2 2
+ H i e u dien the hai dau tu C,: U'^ = U - U . = 120 - 54 = 66 V . ' _ Khi K chuyen sang vj t r i I : U 2 = 3 V ; Q 2 = Q 2 = 6 ^ C ; Q , = C , U = 9|iC.
V a y : H i e u dien the cua m o i tu la: u' = 9 0 V ; U 2 - 5 4 V;U3 = 6 6 V , _ Khi K chuyen l a i ve v j t r i 2:
4.37. Trong hinh ben: C, = U i F , C2 = 2 ^ ? , + Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: ' ' ' ' '
nguon U = 9V. T i n h hieu dien the moi tu neu: -Q•,+Q2=-Q•,+Q2=-9 + 6 = - 3 ^ c Q;=Q;-3

K
a) Ban dau K d vi t r i 1 sau do chuyen sang 2. + Matkhac: U , + U 2 = U
b) Ban dau K d v i t r i 2 sau do chuyen sang 1 r o i lai c,
chuyen ve vi tri 2.
0 <3., Q , - 3
u C2 c, C2 C, C2
« Baigiai
a) K h i K chuyen t\i vi t r i 1 sang vi tri 2:
_ C2 _ 2
- K h i K d vi t r i 1: D i e n t i c h t u C | : Q , = C , U = 1.9 = 9 ^ C .
1 1 1
- K h i K chuyen sang vi tri 2: 1+ -
—
c, + —
c, 2
+ Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: - Q ' , + = - Q , => Q 2 = Q i - Q i
+ Matkhac: U,+ U2 = U . ^
, + H i e u dien the cua tu C,: U " = ^ = - = 7 V
' C, 1
i =U o Q ( _+_ ) = U+
C, C2
+ H i e u dien the cua tu C2: = U- UJ'=9-7 = 2 V . ' '
Vay: K h i K chuyen tCr vi tri 2 sang vi t r i 1 thi hieu dien the m o i tu la U " , = 7
Qi
u+ 9.^ V; U"2 = 2 V .
=^ Q , = - ^ = 9 liC . "^'^S. Hai tu d , C2 mile nhiT hinh ve. Ban
1 1 1 1
H + - dau K , m d , K2 ddng. Sau do m d K2 r o i ^ C,
c, 2
•J^ng K i . T i n h hieu dien the" m o i t u .
U,
Q, B a i giai ^
+ H i e u dien the hai dau t u C , : U ' = - ^ = - = 9 V
C, 1 M iS- '1,5 Khi K i m d , K2 dong: D i e n tich cua tu C2: Q2 = C2U2.
+ H i e u dien the hai dau tuCz: = U - U, = 9 - 9 = 0. Khi K| dong, K2 mcl: ^,

+ Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich:
Vay: K h i K chuyen tiT vj tri 1 sang vj tri 2 thi hieu dien the m o i tu la U ' l
U'2 = 0. - Q ; + Q 2 = + Q 2 =>Q2 =Q1 + Q 2 =Q1 + C 2 U
1^ 103
6i duSng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi§t
+ Mat khac: U, + U' = U , + U , . •a. v

_C„.,U'„.., + C„U'„ = -C„_,U + C„U (n'-l)
U, TriTdchettatinhU',:
+ Tir(l')suyra: U\= C,U + C , U + C,U, ^^_C^^^_^.^^ ^^„^

^ Q -_^£2_U,
Q 1 _ cû, , TCr(2')suyra: U'3 = I^lîl^HlMl . u (U-U,)

+ Hieu dien the cua tu C|: U , =
+ Hieu dien the cua tu C 2 : = ^ U ' 3 = U- u-(u-^(u-u;)) = U-^(U-U;)(2")

C3 2
U =U +U C,U, _C,(U,+U,) + C3(U.+U,)-C,U,
2 ' 2 c,+C2 + Ti/dngtir: U ' „ = U - - L ( U - U , ) ( n " - l )
qU^+CiCUi+U^)
u. + Mat khac: U'i + U ' 2 + . . . + U'„ = 0 i
^ U ' , +U - ^ ( U - U , ) +U-^(U-U;)+...+ U - ^ ( U - U ; ) = 0
Vay: Hieu dien the' moi tu la U , =
C, +C 2
1 1 1
4,39. Cac tu C,, C 2 , C,, diTdc tich dien den cung hieu dien the U. Sau do mSc nU-C,(U-U',) = O o n U - C i ( U - U ' , ) — =0
noi tiep cac tu thanh mach kin, cac ban tich dien trai da'u fioi vdi nhau. Tinh
— + — + ... + —n _ ^0
hieu dien the 2 dau moi tu.

o nUCo - C,(U-U',) = 0 => U ' , = U - = (1 - i S ) U k» i
Bai giai
C) C2 C„
nC,
- TircfngtiT: U'2 = ( l - •)U
nC,
- Tongquat: U'i = ( l ^)U
- Dien tich cua cac tu dien khi diTcIc tich dien den hieu dien the' U:
Q i = C,U; Q 2 = C 2 U ; ... ; Qn_, = C„.,U; Q„ = C„U.
V?y; Hieu dien the hai dau tu dien thif i la: U'i = (1 - ^ ^ ) U , vdi i = I + n
- Dien tich cua cac tu dien sau khi di/dc noi vdi nhau:
Q', = C,U',; Q'2 = CjU's; ... ; Q'„_, = C,U'„.,; Q'„ = CjUV Co la dien dung tirong duUng cua bo tu ghep noi tiep. :
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho cac diem noi cac ban tu dien ke nhau: ^- G I O H H A N H O A T D Q N G
+ ban am tu 1 vdi bandirong tu 2 (diem 1):-Q'i+Q'2 = - Q i +Q2 (1) Hai tu C, = 5.10-'°F, C 2 = 15.10-'°F mdc no'i tie'p, khoang giffa 2 ban m6i tu
+ ban am tu 2 vdi ban diTdng tu 3 (diem 2): - Q ' 2 + Q ' 3 = - Q 2 + Q3 (2) '^P day dien moi c6 chieu day d = 2mm va dien tri/dng gidi han 1800V/mm.
^ o i bo tu chju diTdc hieu dien the gidi han bao nhieu?
+ ban am tu (n-1) vdti ban du'dng tu n (diem n-1):
Bai giai
- Q ' n - , + Q'n = - Q n - l + Qn(n-l) ^leu dien the toi da dat vao hai dau moi tu: Ugh = Eghd = 1800.2 = 3600 V
hay-C,U', + C 2 U ' 2 = - C , U + C 2 U (!')
^hi hai tu mac noi tiep thi: Q i = Q 2 => C i U , = C 2 U 2 .
-C2U'2 + CjU'a = - C 2 U + C3U (2') ^ ^ ' C , < C2 => U , > U2.
104 105
B6i dusng hoc sinh gidi Vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV pyvH Khang Vi$t
- N e u U 2 = Ugh Ui > Ugh: Tu 1 se bi danh thung nen U , = Ugh = 3600 V: Vi El > Egh = 30 kV/cm nen kh6ng khi bi dam xuyen va trd nen dan dien, khi
_C,U, 5.10~'°.3600 do hieu dien the U cua nguon dat triTc tie'p vao ta'm thuy tinh, dien trirdng
= 1200 V
^2 - " 7 ^
15.10.-10 trong ta'm thuy tinh la:
U 39
Vay: Hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = U, + U2 = 3600 + 1200 = 480ov
4.41. Ba tu C , = 2.10'F; €2 = 4.10 "^F, C 3 = 6.10 ' ' F mac noi tiep. Hieu dien the'gjî ' ^2 = 7 = ^ = ^^1^"^ > Egh = 100 kV/cm nen thuy tinh bj dam xuyen, tu
han cua moi tu la 500V. Hoi bo tu c6 chju di/dc hieu dien the 1 lOOV khong? dien bi hu". . ' •' ' * '
Bai giai 4.43. Ba tu C, = 1 (aF, C2 = 2nF, C 3 = 3|.iF cd hieu dien the gidi han U, =
- K h i m a c 3 t u n o i t i e p : Q , =Q2 = Q 3 « C , U i = C 2 U 2 = C3U3 lOOOV, U2 = 200V, U 3 = 500V mac thanh bp. Cach m^c nao cd hieu dien the
Vi C, < C2 < C3 U , > U2 > U3 nen : 0 gidi han cua bp tu Idn nha't? Tinh dien dung va hieu dien the' gidi han bp tu
U | = Ugh = 500V ,::fn i «; lUC nay? , . . ,„ ,
c,u,
'I'-^l 2.10"''.500
= 250 V
Bai giai ...
U2=- Vdi ba tu C,, C2, C 3 thi se cd 4 each mac: '
^2 4.10-^
a) Q/c/! 7: [C| nt C2 nt C3]: Ta cd:
C.U, 2.10-^500
U3=-
.-9
= 166,67 V Q, = Q2 = Q^ o C,U, = C2U2 = C3U3
-3 6.10
- Hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: U| + U 2 + U3 = U O U, + qu, C,U,
• - i ^ =U
C3
U = U, + U 2 + U 3 = 500 + 250+ 166,67 = 916,67 V < 1100 V.
Vay: Bp tu khong the chiu du'dc hieu dien the 1100 V. Tirdd: U, = u — = —U<1000 =^ U < ^ ^ « ] 8 3 3 V
Ci 11 3
4.42. Til phang khong khi d = 1,5cm no'i vdi nguon U = 39kV (khong ddi).
a) Tu CO hu^ khong ne'u biet dien triTdng gidi han cua khong khi la 30kV/cm? --3
b) Sau do dat tarn thuy tinh c6 e =1,1 = 0,3cm va dien triTdng gidi han
PIT .
lOOkV/cm vao khoang giiJa, song song 2 ban. Tu cd hiT khong? U<200
•î' Bai giai ' •
^ C2 2 22 3
U 39
i.Au
- Dien triTcJng giffa bai ban tu la: E = — = — = 26 kV/cm .
i l ^ = Au<500: U < 2750 V
d 1,5 33
a) Trirdng hdp dien triTdng gidi han b^ng 30 kV/cm: V i E < Egh nen tu khdng bi htf
Vay: Tru^dng hdp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 733 V.
b) Trirdng hdp dien triTdng gidi han bang 100 kV/cm: Khi c6 tarn thuy tinh, dien
b) Cdch 2: [C, // C2 // C 3 ] : Ta cd: U, = U2 = U 3 => Ugh = 200 V.
dung cua tu tang len, dien tich d cac ban tu tang len lam cho dien tru'c^ng
Vay: Trufdng hdp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 200 V.
trong khoang khong khi cung tang len.
c) Cdch 3: [(C, // C2) nt C 3 ] : Ta cd: U, = U2 =^ U . = 200 V ,
Gpi E| la cirdng dp dien triTdng trong phan khong khi; E2 la ci/dng dp die^
an.! n5ni / r .
trUdng trong phan thuy tinh. Ta cd: va: Q,2 = Q3
U = E | ( d - / ) + E2/ va E2 •(C,+C2).U,2=C3U3 (C,+C2)Ui2 _

=u . U,2 + =U
U12 + U3
U 39
Ê,= = 31,4kV/cm C3U
d-l.i 1,2.^ =>u,2 =Cj = 0,5U<200V; U < 4 0 0 V .
s 7 + C 2 +C3
107
B6i diOng hpc sinh gidi V g t 1 1 , t?p 1 - Nguygn PhO B6ng
2
Nang li^dng dien trirdng: W = — —
Matkhac: = ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ? ^ ^ = 0,5U < 500 V = ^ U < 1000 V .
Mat dp nang lu'png dien tru'dng:
Vay: Trufdng hcJp n^y hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 400 V.
W q^ (8,9.10~*)2 ,
d) Cdch 4: [C, nt (C^ // C 3 ) ] : Ta c6: U 2 = U 3 => U^,^^ = 200 V . •- w =- r= r = ^w = 4 = 0,028 J/m^.
S 8me,RAnR' 1 ^ j3
va:Q, = Q23 <=> C,U, = ( C 2 + C 3 ) U 2 3 471.9.10^
Ma U , + U23 = U vay: Mat dp nang liTpng dien trirdng d sat mat qua cau la w = 0,028 J/ml
4.46. Nam tu giong nhau, moi tu C = 0,2^ F mac noi tiep. Bp tu diTde tich dien,
thu nang liTctng 2.10"*J. Tinh hieu dien the moi tu. ii.r ,0 vj;
Bai giai
vaU„= ^ = - < 2 0 0 ^ U<1200V 2 10'^ .
23 C2+C3 6
_ NangliWngmoituthudirpe: W = . — ^ = 4.10"^ J. '"
Vay: Trirdng hpp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu 1^: Ugh = 1200 V.
- So sanh 4 each mac, ta thay each mac thuf 4 la c6 hieu dien the gidi han cija _MaW = ^ ^ u J ^ =J ^ = 20V.
bp tu la Idn nhat va bhng 1200 V. Dien dung cua bp tu trong tri/dng hPp nay
2 V C V0,2.10-^
^ c _ C . ( C , + C 3 ) _ 1.(2 + 3) _ 5
Vay: Hieu dien the cua moi tu la U = 20 V. * '
C,+C2+C3 1+2 + 3 6
4.47. Viec han moi day dong diTpc thiTc hien bkng mot xung phdng dien cua tu
Vay: Cach mac c6 hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu Idn nha't la each mac C = 1000^l F dufdc tich dien den U = 1500V. Thdi gian phat xung 1 = 2 ^ 8 , hieu
suS't thiet bi H = 4%. Tinh cong sua't hieu dung trung binh cua moi xung dien.
[ C i nt ( C 2 / / C 3 ) ] , luc do Ugh = 1200 V va C = 7 laF.
Bai giai ,',4fMw„t ,
o
4. NANG LI/0NG CUA T V D I E N
- mnglUdngeuatuC:W = ^ =l M H : ! i ^ = ll25J. "
4.44. Tu dien khong khi d = 5mm, S = 100em^ nhiet liTdng toa ra khi tu phong 2 2
dien la 4,19.10"^J. Tim U nap. - Hieu suat cua thiet bj: ? ^
Bai giai H f^rÂ n W.0,04 0,04.1125 , _7 „, '
H = — = 0,04=>P = =- — = 2,25.10^ W .
CU^
Nhiet li/dng toa ra khi tu phong dien: Q = W t 2.10"*^
Vay: Cong suat hieu dung trung binh cua moi xung dien la P = 2,25.10'' W.
: ^ u^.gQ.2q.9.l0^4,d = 2.4.l9.10-l9.l0r4,.5.10^' '^•48. Tu phang khong khi diTpc tich dien roi ngat khoi nguon. Hoi nSng iMng tu
C eS .100.10"'' thay ddi the" nao khi nhiing tu vao dien moi long c6 e = 2.
^ U = 21700 V = 21,7kV. Bai giai , ...
Vay: Hieu dien the nap cua tu la U = 21,7 kV. - 1^5ng lirpng ban dau cua tu dien: W, = .
4.45. Mot qua eau kim loai ban kinh R = 10cm tich dien den hieu dien the ' • ' 2C,
8000V. Tinh mat dp nSng li/png dien trufdng d sat mat qua cau. Khi ngat tu ra khoi nguon, dien tich tren tu khong ddi, nhiing tu vao dien moi
Bai giai u W
'<^ng CO E = 2 thi C2 = 2Ci nen tu dien cd n^ng li/png: Wj = — =
.... - ' kq V . s R 8000.0,1 ^ Q . ^ - S ^ ,
- Dien the cua qua eau: V = — = > q = — ; — —- = 8,y.iu L-
eR k 9.10^ ^3y: Nang liTOng cua tu giam di 2 Ian. < '^^'^ '" •
109
1 no
B6i mng hgc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyln Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
4.49. T u phang khong khi C = 10 ' " F dUdc tich dien den hieu dien the U = lOOV
^ C U = C'U' =. U ' = ^ =^ = i^ = ^ = 200V.
roi ngiit khoi nguon. Tinh cong can thUc hien de tang khoang each hai ban tu C 3C 3 3
len gap doi? Vay: Hieu dien the' cua tu khi ngat khoi nguon va nhung vao dien moi la U '
B a i giai
' • c 10"'° 100^ '' C6ng <3e nhac tu ra khoi dien moi
- Nang krong cua tu dien: W, = —^ = •' = 5.10"'' J . '>'
lu-^ , u ' ..r CU^ 6.10"^600^ , ^„ , '
jâng WcJug cua tu khong khi: W, = = = 1,08 J .
- Khi ngat tu ra khoi nguon, dien tich cua tu khong d o i :
Q = C,U = 10 "'.100= 10 '^C Hang Wdng cua tu sau khi nhung vao dien moi:
C '^CVl^3.6.IO-'.200^ "
- K h i tang khoang each cua hai ban tu len gap doi thi: C2 .
2 2 2 : , .
Cong can thiet de nhac tu ra khoi dien moi: ' ,
- Nang li/dng luc sau cua tu dien: =— =— = 2W, ^^^^ .^^^
A = W| - W 2 = 1,08 - 0,36 = 0,72 J. -
Vay: Cong de nhac tu ra khoi dien moi la A = 0,72 J.
- Cong can ihi/c hien la: A = W , - W, = W, = 5.10 ' J. 4.51. Hai tu Ci = 2 ^ F, C2 = 0,5 ^ F tich dien den hieu dien the U, = 1OOV, U 2 = 50V
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de tang khoang each giffa hai ban tu len gap doi la r6i ngat khoi nguon. Noi cac ban khac dau ciia 2 tu vdi nhau. Tinh nang
' A = 5.10-''J. '- • W^v lifdng cua tia lufa dien phat ra.
4.50. T u phang khong k h i C = 6|LI F du-dc tich dien den hieu dien the U = 600V B a i giai
roi ng^t khoi nguon. - D i e n t i c h c u a t u C,: Qi = C i U i = 2.100 = 200)iC. '

a) Nhung tu vao dien moi long (e = 4) ngap 2/3 dien tich moi ban. Tinh hieu - Dien tich cua tu C2: Q2 = C 2 U 2 = 0,5.50 = 25 ^C.
dien the ciia t u . s jir C C •
- Nang lu'dng ban dau cua hai t u : W. = ' ' + ^ ^
b) Tinh cong can thiet de nhac tu dien ra khoi dien m o i . Bo qua trpng lifdng t u .
2 2
B a i giai
^ ^2.10-^100^ ^0,5.10-^50^ ^ ,0,625.10-J. ^^^'^ - W ^'.1
a) H i e u dien the cua tu k h i ngat khoi nguon va nhung vao dien moi: ' 2 2
- K h i nhiing mot phan tu vao dien m o i , tu c6 the du'pc coi gom hai phan tu mSc ~ Khi noi cac ban khac dau cua hai tu vdi nhau, theo djnh luat bao toan dien
song song: Ci//C2. ' ^' tich, ta c6:
Ta c6: A Q;+Q2=Q.-Q2 •^•rn?.;„.
+ D i e n dung cua phan tu khong k h i :
• S ' A
^ Matkhae: U - U ^ o = = = = ^ ^ ^ Z ^ = 70 V .
' ^ C, C2 C,+C2 C,+C2 2 + 0,5
c c 2/3
' 9.10^47td 3 NSng li/dng cua hai tu sau khi noi hai ban khac dau vdi nhau: i ,
\ C^^qu£ , 2 . 1 0 - ^ 7 0 ' ^ 0.5.10-^ J O ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ,

^•3^ _8C
+ D i e n dung cua phan tu lap day dien m o i : C, = 2 2 2 2
9.10^4Ttd 3
^Sng ludng eija tia liJfa dien phat ra: il)/;}-,;
C 8C
AW = W , - W 2 =10,625.10-^-6,125.10"^ =4,5.10"^.
" + D i e n dung tiTPng diTdng cua C i , C2: C = Ci + C2 = — + — 3C
3 3 ^^y: Nang lUdng cua tia luTa dien phat ra la A W = 4,5.10"^ J.
- K h i ng^t tu khoi nguon thi dien tich cua tu khong d o i : Q' = Q.

Ill
110
B6i duSng hgc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phii 06ng
4.52. Hai tu C, = 600pF, C 2 = lOOOpF di/dc m^c noi tiep vao nguon U = 20kV rgj
ngit khoi nguon. N o i cac ban cung dau cua hai tu v d i nhau. T i n h nSng l u o j i g
cua tia lufa dien nay ra. i f i» ' i ' < . < «t 1 p 6 bien thien nang lu'cJng ciia t u : A W = W - W . • ' -
B a i giai
, . ^ C.C, 600.1000 ^
'^•.w4,c„-c,4(,-.,c„u^.<i;!^' , ,
- D i e n dung tiTdng diTcfng cua bo t u : C = ^ '^^ = 600 + 1000 " ^ "
2.10~^47t .9.10^
- D i e n tich cua tu C,, C 2 : Q, = Q 2 = C U = 375.10-"l200OO = 7,5.10^ C. Khi rut ta'm thuy tinh ra khoi tu dien, ta can thiTc hien mot cong. K h i tu dien
noi vdi nguon, cong A dting de riit tam thuy tinh c6 gia tri bang do bien thien
- N5ng liTdng luc dau cua hai t u : Wj = — ! - + — ^
nang li^dng cua he tu dien - nguon. M o t phan cong nay l a m thay ddi nang
^ i / , 53 . 10"^)^
(1 W P5-10"^")^
i u ; ^ (1 ' U ; ^0,075 J
2.600.10"'^ 2.1000.10''^ liTdng cua tu dien mot liTdng: A W = ^( • " e)CoU^
- K h i n o i cdc ban cung dau cua hai tu vdi nhau thi; Q| + Q j = Q , + ; UJ =
_ Khi tam thuy tinh diTdc riit ra khoi tu dien, dien dung cua tu dien giam d i , do
do vdi cijng hieu dien the" U , dien tich ciia tu dien giam d i . M o t phan dien
Cj C2 C,+C2 C,+C2 (600 + 1000)10"'^ tich AQ da dich chuyen ngiTdc chieu nguon dien. Cong djch chuyen cac dien
=> U ' l = U ' 2 = 9375 V . tich nay bang: A W ' = - A Q . U = - A C . U ^ - U^CQCE -1)
Dodo:
- Nang liTdng luc sau ciia hai t u : W2 - •+
A - A W + A W ' = 1(1 - e)CoU2 + U'Co(e -1) = l ( e - DCQU^ = 318.10"' J .
600.10-'^9375^ ^ 1000-10-" 9375^ ^ 3 j
2 2 2 Vay: D o bien thien nSng liTdng va cong can thiTc hien trong trirdng hdp nay la
- Nang liTcfng tia lijfa dien p h a t r a : AW = - 3 1 8 . 1 0 ' J va A = 318.10"'J.

b) Khi ngat tu khoi nguon
A W = W j - W2 = 0,075 - 0,0703 = 0,0047 = 4,7.10"^ J .
~ Nang li/dng cua tu dien diTdc tich dien khi CO tam thuy tinh la:
V a y : N5ng lu'dng cua tia luTa d i e n p h a t ra la A W = 4,7.10"^ J .
4.53. T u phdng c6 S = 200cm^ dien moi la ban thuy tinh day d = 1mm, e = 5, tich 2 2 C 2'ECO
dien vdi U = 300V. Rut ban thuy tinh khoi tu. Tinh do bien thien nSng liTdng
Sau khi ngat tu dien khoi nguon, dien tich tren cac ban tu giu" nguyen khong
cua tu va cong can thiTc hien. Cong nay dung de lam gi? X e t khi riit thuy tinh.
(l6i. Nang liTdng cua tu dien sau khi ban thuy tinh da diTdc rut ra het:
a) T u van noi v d i nguon. b) Ngdt tu khoi nguon.
B a i giai
2'Co
G o i dien dung cija tu dien khi c6 tarn thOy tinh 1^ C khi khong c6 t a m thuy
EE S ^0 bien thien nang liTdng cua tu dien:
tinhlaCothi: C= eCo=-^
2Co E 2 2d
a) K h i tu van noi v d i nguon
- Nang liTdng cua tu dien khi mac vao nguon l a : W = ^ C U ^ = ^^^0^^ • AwJ5.|).5.20O.lO-'.3OO-^,3^,^_,j
- Nang liTdng ctia tu dien sau khi ban thuy tinh da diTdc riit ra het l a : 2.10"-\47r .9.10^
112
B6i dudruj iu>c sinh gidi V$t ly 11. t^p 1 - Nguygn PhCi Bong Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhang Vi$t
- Khi tu dien diTdc ngat khoi nguon, cong de rut ta'm thuy tinh chi b^ng dp bi^^^ Cong cua liTc dien tru'dng keo dien moi long vao trong tu dien bie'n thanh the
thien nSng lu^dng cua tu dien: A ' ^ AW = 1590.10"^ J. nang cua cot dien moi trong trong tru'dng. Cong nay bang dp bie'n thien nSng
Vay: Dp bien thien nang liTdng va cong can thiTc hien trong tri/dng hcfp
lu'dng cua he tu dien - nguon: A =
la AW = A ' - 1590.10^ J. \ ; :
4.54. Tu phang c6 dien tich ban S, khoang each 2 ban la x, noi vdi nguon \j Vdi Ci, C2 la dien dung cua tu dien triTdc va sau khi c6 cot dien moi vdi chieu
khong doi. cao H. Ta c6 thd' coi tu dien sau khi dien moi dang len nhu'gom hai tu dien
a) Nang luictng tu thay doi ra sao khi X tang. r-: mac song song: mot tu dien khong khi c6 chieu cao h - H, mot tu dien c6 dien
b) Tinh cong sua't can de tach cac ban theo x. moi long c6 chieu cao H. Do do:
Biet van toe cac ban tach xa nhau la v.
c) Cd nang can thiet va dp bien thien nang lUdng ciia tu da bie'n thanh dang
nang lu'dng nao?
Bai giai
a) Sir thay doi nang liTdng cua tu khi x tang: Gpi x la khoang edeh ban dau giffj => A = — E o ( e - l ) / H
hai ban; x' la khoang each luc sau giiJa hai ban. Ta c6: A x = x' - x > 0. 2d , v .,
C'U^ CU^ - Trong lu'dng cua cot dien moi la: P = mg = Dgd/H.
- Dp bie'n thien nang lu'dng cija tu dien: A W = W - W = — — - The nang W ciia cot dien moi trong trong triTdng bing trpng liTdng ciia n6
zÂW= {-^ = 0_(^_^') ^ 5_.Ax<0. , nhan vdi chieu cao khoi tam — : W - P.— = - D g l d H ^ . ?
2 x' X 2xx' ; 2xx' , . I . 2 2 ^ ,
' ii'i
Vay: Khi X tang thi nang lu'dng cua tu dien giam. (E-DEQU^
- VI A = W = > H =
b) Cong sua't can de tach cac ban tu Dgd^
Tae6:P= A=_ ^ =H V ^ . H V ^ ^ P.HVV

Vay: Dp cao ciia cot dien moi dang len giiTa hai ban la H = ^^^"^ .
At At 2xx' At 2x^ At 2x^
Dgd^
UÊpS :. ' Ax
V$y: Cong suat can de tach cac ban tu theo x 1^ P « -^^-"^ , vdi v = 4.56. C6 hai tu dien ph^ng giong nhau: mot tu c6 dien moi la khong khi va c6
2x^
dien dung Co = 100^ F. Ngi/c(i ta tich dien cho tu nay den hieu dien the Uo =
van tCê ede ban khi tach ra xa nhau.
60V, tu thu" hai eo dien moi, ma hhng so dien moi phu thupc vao hieu dien
c) Cong cd hpc va phan nang lu'dng diTdc giai phong khoi tu dien da bie'n thanli
the U giifa hai ban tu ciia no theo quy luat e = a U vdi a = 0,1 ( V ' ) . Tu thuT
cong de diTa cac dien tich ve nguon. Toan bp phan nang liTdng noi tren bie"
hai ban dau khong tich dien. Ta mdc song song hai tu nay vdi nhau.
thanh nhiet ndng va hoa nang.
4.55. Tu ph^ng khong khi c6 cac ban chu' nhat each nhau doan d. Mep di/di ci<^ ^) Hoi hieu dien the tren moi tu bang bao nhieu?
ban cham vao mat dien moi long e eo khoi liTdng rieng D. Noi tu vdi nguon ^' ^) Tinh dp bien thien nang liTdng ciia he tu. Nhan \6t vh giai thich.
dien moi dang len doan H giCTa hai ban. Bo qua hien tiTdng mao dan. Tinh H- Bai giat ^
Hieu dien the tren mdi tu
Bai giai
E>ien tich ban dau ciia tu 1: Q, = CoUo = 100.10-'.60 = 6 . 1 0 ' C .
- Khi tu dien da du'dc tich dien va dUdc dat cham who chat I6ng dien moi, no
Khi hai tu mac song song vdi nhau: Q', + Q2 = Q i U ' j =
xu hirdtng hiit dien moi vao giOTa hai ban, vi vay nang hrdng ciia he giam di-
114.
B6i doBng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phii D6ng
Q, 6.10 ,-3 60 4,58. Tu phang c6 cac ban nam ngang, d = 1cm, U = lOOOV. Mot giot thuy ngan
C,+C2 C2 IO^'^CE + I ) 0,1.U2 + 1
mang dien tich q n\m can bKng ngay giffa 2 ban. Dot nhien U giam bdt 4V.
'1 "-2 î^^2 ^\
Hoi sau bao lau giot thuy ngan rdi cham ban du'di? Cho g = lOm/sl
60 = 0,1U^^+U^ < » 0 , l U ^ ^ + U ^ - 6 0 = 0 B a i giai
U'2, = 20 V; U'22 = - 3 0 V (loai). De giot thuy ngan nam can bang trong dien tri/dng thi: P = F.
Vay: Hieu dien the tren moi tu la U ; = = 20 V . U _ q gd 10.0,01 , .
c> mg = q — — = — = = 10
b) Do bie'n thien nang liTdng ciia h6 tu
^ ^d m U 1000
C Q U ^ _ 10-^60^
- Nang lifdng ban dau ciia he tu: Wj = = 0,18J , Khi U giam bdt 4(V) thi U ' = U - 4 = 1000 - 4 = 996V thi:
U'
- Nang liTdng liic sau ciia he tu: p _ F' = ma <=> mg - q — = ma
d
c,u;^ c,u;^ io"'*.20^ o,i.2o.io~^.2o^ => a = g-
= 0,06 J. md
2 2 2 2 2
- Do bie'n thien nang luTdng cua he tu: _ Khi giot thuy ngan rdi cham ban du'di thi quang diTdng di du'dc la: s = - .
AW = W 2 - W i =0,06-0,18 = -12.10"^ J < 0.

Vay: Nang l^dng cua he tu giam. at^ 2 d 0,01
Ta c6: s = => t = = 0,5s
5. D I E N T I C H T R O N G D l f N TRl/OfNG C U A X y DI|:N 996
10-10 -4
4.57. Hat bui m = Ig mang dien tich q = -lO^C nam can bkng trong dien triTdng md \ md '0,0!
cua tu phang c6 cac ban tu nam ngang, d = 2cm. Cho g = lOm/s. Vay: Thdi gian de giot thuy ngan rdi cham den ban difdi la t = 0,5 s.
a) Tinh hieu dien the U cua tu dien. 4.59. Mot electron bay vao trong dien trUdng cua mot
b) Dien tich hat bui giam di 20%. Phai thay ddi U the nao de hat bui v I n can bang. tu phang theo phiTdng song song vdi cac du'dng siJc
B a i giai vdi vo = S.loWs. Tim U giiJa hai ban tu de electron
a) Hieu dien the cua tu dien: khong tdi du'dc ban doi dien. Bo qua tac dung cua
De hat bui n^m can bang trong dien triT^ng thi: trong life.
U B a i giai
P = F o mg = qE = q—
d ~ De electron khong tdi du'dc ban doi dien thi quang du'dng electron chuyen
mgd 10~^ 10.0,02 dong trong dien tru'dng la s < d . Khi electron dufng lai thi:
= 200V.
,2
q 10"^ u mvp U
Vay: Hieu dien the cua tu dien la U = 200 V. ^ = Fs = qEs=q—s <=> = q-s
2 ^ ^d 2
b) Phai thay ddi U the nao de hat bui van can bhng? mvgd ^ mvpd _ mv^
=>U =
- Khi dien tich hat bui giam di 20% thi: q' = 0,8q. 2qs 2qd 2q
- De hat bui nam can b^ng thi: P = F ^-31 ->6x2
U>9>1^10""(8-10'')î82V ^
,U' mgd 10-^10.0,02 2.1,6.10-'^
o mg = q — => U =—£- = — = 250V.
d q' 0,8.10-' Vay: De electron khong di den difdc ban doi dien thi hieu dien thS' giffa hai
Vay: De hat bui van n^m can bang thi phai tSng hi?u dien the them
ban tu dien phai la U > 182 V .
A U = 250 - 200 = 50 V.
11 fi. 117
Si duang hQc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil P6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
4.60. T u phang d = 4cm du'dc tich dien. M o t electron bat dau chuyen dong tir
1 eU
bdn a m sang ban du'dng, dong thdi mot proton cung bat dau chuyen dong Thay gia tri cua t vao (2) vdi chii y y = h ta du'dc: h = —. .
2 md
ngiTctc lai ttf ban du'dng. H o i chung gap nhau each ban dUdng mot khoang bao
nhieu? Bie't mp = 1840me. Bo qua tac dung ciia trong life. 2hvf,md 2.6.10 '.(3,2.10^)^.9,1.10^".3.10"^
u = = 582,4 V .
B a i îai er 1,6.10"'\(6.10"^)^
- Bo qua tac dung cua trong li/c nen proton va electron chi chiu tac dung cua Vay: H i e u dien t h e g i f f a hai b a n tii d i e n la U = 582,4 V .
life dien tru'cJng: T " — —'
+ 4 52- ^^^^-^ ^^"S '^'^ '^'^^ ^° ~ lOOV, m o t d i e n tiiT b a y v a o
F, = meai chinh giffa h a i b a n t u p h a n g t h e o phu'dng song song v d i h a i b a n . Hai b a n c6

^1 =
m.. chieu d a i / = 10cm, k h o a n g e a c h d = 1cm. T u n U giffa h a i b a n d e d i e n tu-
.1.
d-s k h o n g ra d i f d c k h o i t u . >t •) !;•. <:l"\i ;Ti;";. r •
F2 = mpa2 a
B a i giai 'nt ^M'l oi'-^ iî
^ Chon h e t r u e xOy n h i f h i n h v e . Chuyen d o n g c u a d i e n tuT t r o n g d i e n trU'dng
- G o i s la khoang each tif d i e m gap nhau tdi ban diTdng thi quang d i r 5 n g ma
du'dc chia t h a n h h a i p h a n :
electron di la (d-s), quang du'dng proton di la s. Ta c6:
+ Theo true Ox: D i e n tiir c h u y e n d o n g t h a n g d e u : x = Vot.
a.t^ a2t^ d-s_a, _q,
+ Theo t r u e Oy: D i e n tuf c h u y e n d o n g n h a n h d a n d e u dudi t a c d u n g c u a liTc
d - s = ——; s = —— )
at^ ax^ ... F qU ^ qUx^
4\
dien trU'dng: y (vdi a =
= — = - i — ; x = vt) => y = —
d rn„ 2v m md 2mdv 0
0
=> - - l ^ - i L = i 8 4 0 => s = °'0'^. = 2 , 2 . 1 0 - ^ m .
1841 1841 2
mv 0
- Van toe ban dau ciia dien tu": qU,, =
V a y : V j t r i g a p n h a u c u a h a i h a t e a c h b a n diTdng m o t k h o a n g s = 2,2.10"'m.
4.61. D i e n tilf b a y v a o m o t tu p h a n g vdti Vo = 3,2.10Ws t h e o phuTdng song song vdi 0 X
2.1,6.10-'^100 ,
cac b a n . K h i ra k h o i t u , h a t b j l e c h theo phu^dng v u o n g g o c v d i c a c b a n doan = 6.10 m/s
( m
h = 6mm. Cac b a n d a i / = 6cm each nhau d = 3cm. Tinh U giffa hai b a n t u . V 9,1.10
B a i giai
~ D e d i e n tijT k h o n g r a k h o i t u t h i : y > - o-^H^ >1 +
- Chon h e t r u e xOy nhu" h i n h v e . Chuyen d o n g c i i a 2 2mdv?>
d i e n ttf t r o n g d i e n trU'dng d ^ d c chia t h a n h h a i f
O 9,1.10~-''.0,01^(6.10^)^
p h a n t h e o h a i t r u e Ox va Oy: = 2,04 V
+ Theo true Ox: D i e n tuT chuyen d o n g t h a n g d e u : qx' l,6.10-'^0,!^
. ' ' X = Vot (1) ây: De dien tu" khong ra dirdc khoi tii thi U > 2,04 V .
+ Theo t r u e Oy: D i e n tu" c h u y e n d o n g n h a n h d a n + '^•^3. Dien tuT mang nang lUdng Wo = 1500eV bay vao mot tu phang theo hiTdng
d e u dudi t a c d u n g c u a lire d i e n triTdng: ông song vdi hai ban. Hai ba'n dai / = 5cm, each nhau d = 1cm. Tinh U giiJa
1 2 1 eU 2 F eU 'âi ban de dien \\i bay khoi tu dien theo phu'dng hdp vdi cac ban mot goc a =
y = - a t^ = - . — r (2), vdi a = — = —
^ 2 y 2 md m md 'l°(tanll".0,2). ' , ^, '
- K h i ra k h o i b a n t h i q u a n g du'dng d i e n tuT d i diTdc t h e o t r u e O x l a x = /, theo B a i giai
t r u e O y la y = h . D o d o : ^hon he true xOy nhU hinh ve. Chuyen dong cua dien tu" trong dien trU'dng
t.i:;IS I
^Ôc chia thanh hai phfin:
+ T i r ( l ) suy ra: t = — .
"*" Theo true Ox: D i e n tiJ chuyen dong thang deu: x = V(,t; v^ = VQ = const.
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B6i dilBng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t?p 1 - NguySn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
+ Theo true Oy: D i e n tuf chuyen dong nhanh dan deu d\id\c dung cua Iif^ b = h , + h 2 = ^ . - ^ ( s + 21)
at ax' ... F qU ^ 2 mdv„
dien tru-dng: y = — - ; Vy = at (vdi a = — = -J— )
2vi m md
qUs(s + 21) 1,6.10"'^.50.0,06.(0,06 +2.0,15) .
- Taco: :=> V n —7, =A T, ^ r— = 1,6.10' m/s
^ 0 V 2mdb \j 2 . 9 , 1 . 1 0 - " . l , 8 . 1 0 - l 2 , l . 1 0 - 2
Vy V(, ax qUx Hieu dien the Uo giiJa K va A : q U Q = ^ m V o ' «;

+ tana = = — - = —- (1)
mdvl
mi^9,1.10--^(l,6.10-)2^^^3^^
mv 2q 2.1,6.10"'^
(2)
2 " m vay: V a n toe electron khi bat dau di vao tu la Vo = 1,6.10^ m/s; hieu dien the
qUx
- Thay (2) vao (1), ta du-dc: tana = • giffa K va A la Uo = 728 V . , ip
2Wo 2dW,0
md.- 4,65. Electron bay vao mot tu phdng vdi van toe V Q qua mot lo nho ct ban diTdng,
m
-,-19 hdp vdi ban goc a . Cac ban c6 khoang each d, hieu dien the' U . Bo qua trong
,^ 2 d W „ . t a n a 2.0,01.1500.1,6.10"''.0,2
=> U = = = 120 V . lUdng. H o i electron c6 the each ban tu am khoang ng^n nhat bao nhieu?
qx l,6.10"'^0,05
B a i giai
V a y : D e dien tuT bay ra khoi tu theo phiTdng hdp v d i cac ban m o t goc 11" thl - Chon he true x O y nhU" hinh ve. p
U=120V. + Theo true Ox: Electron chuyen dong t h i n g +|
4.64. Electron thoat ra ttr K , du^dc tang toe bdi deu:
mot dien triTdng deu giffa A va K r o i di X = (vocosa)t; v^ = Vocosa
vao mot tu phdng theo phu'dng song song + Theo true O y : Electron chuyen dpng eham
vdi hai ban nhU' hinh ve. Bie't s = 6cm, d = dan deu dU'di tac dung cua life dien tri/dng:
1,8cm; / = 15cm, b = 2,1cm; U cua tu 50V. s /
. • ^ at" qU
Tinh van toe electron khi bat dau d i vao tu, va hieu dien the Uo giffa K va A. y = (vQSina)t+ — ; Vy = Vosina + at, vdi a:
m md
Bo qua tac dung cua trong liTc.
Goi X la khoang each ng^n nha't ma electron c6 the each ban tu Sm, quang
Bai giai
dirdng ma electron di diTdc la: s = d - x. Ta eo:
- Chon he true x O y nhiT hinh ve.
+ Theo true Ox: D i e n tu^ chuyen dpng th^ng deu: x = Vot; v , = VQ = const. v ' - v 2Oy = 2 a ( d - x )
+ Theo true Oy: D i e n tuT chuyen dong nhanh dan deu diTdi tac dung cua
^ r> 2-2 2qU,_, , ^ mv^sinâ mv^sinâ^
at' ax F qU <=> 0 - v ^ s i n ' a = — i — ( d - x ) x=d ^ =:d(l ^ )
dien triTcJng: y - ; Vy = at, vdi a = — = ° md 2qU 2eU
2^1 m md
^ $ y : Electron c6 the each ban tu a m khoang n g i n nhat la
- K h i dien tuf ra khoi t u :
„2
1 q U s' qU s x = d ( l - " ' ' 2' oe U
''"'"
•0 ---
2 md v j md V 0
H Hat b u i m = 0,01g mang dien tich q = l O ' C dSt vao dien triTdng d i u E
^ A ^2 I u quis •^^m ngang, hat b u i chuyen dong vdi Vo = 0, sau t = 4s dat van tdc v = 50m/s.
Ta c6: — = — => h , = — — r ^ho g = lOm/s^ C6 ke den tac dung cua trong life. T i m E.
mdv.
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B6i du3ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t§p 1 - Nguygn Phil Bang Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
Bai giai ygn toe theo true Oy: v^ =g(l + cosa)

- Chon he true xOy nhU" hinh ve. g(l + cosa)
= 7(1 + cosa)gd
+ Theo true Ox: Hat bui chuyen dong nhanh dan deu deu: v^ = at — t V$n t6'c cua gipt dau khi va cham: v = JV^ + v*
m
+ Theo true Oy: Hat bui rcfi tiT do: Vy = gt = (Sinai )'+(V(l + eosa)gd)^
Ta c6:
,2
y V (1 + cosa)
= ^ v ^ - = VÔ^ - (10.4)^ = 30 m/s. gd sin a + (l + eosa)^
P
^ v = , sm a. (1 + cosa) + (1 + eosa)gd = gd
- Cu'dng dp dien trUdng: (1 + cosa)
0,01.10'-l3Q sinâ + 1 + eosâ + 2eosa - V 2 g d .
qt = 7,5 V/m.
10"^4 => v = Jgd
(1 + cosa)
Vay: Curdng dp dien tru-dng dat vao dien tich la E = 7,5 V/m.
4.67. Hai ban i<im loai A va B du'pc dat song song, each nhau khoang d va c6 Vay: Van toe cua gipt dau khi va cham vdi mot ban kim loai la v = 7 2 g d .
nhUng dien tich doi nhau. O ngay giila hai ban va each deu hai ban c6 mot 4.68. Truyen cho mot qua cau nho eo khoi
gipt dau tich dien (P). Khi hai ban d vj tri nam ngang thi gipt dau eo can bang. lifdng m, mang dien tich q (q > 0) van toe
Neu ngu'di ta dat cho hai ban kim loai nam nghieng goc 60° so vdi mat phang dau VQ thing difng hu-dng len. Qua cau nam
ngang nhiT hinh ve thi sau mot liic gipt dau se tdi va cham vdi mot ban kim trong dien tru'dng deu nam ngang, c6 cu'dng
loai. Tinh van toe ciia gipt dau khi va cham noi tren xay ra. do dien tru'dng E . Bo qua siJc can cua
Bai giai khong khi va sir phu thupc gia toe rdi tiT do
- Khi hai ban d vi tri nkm ngang thi gipt dau can bang: vao dp cao. Hay vie't phiTdng trinh quy dao O
P = F o mg = qE cua qua cau va xae dinh van toe cUc tieu ^
- Khi hai ban nam nghieng goe 60° so vdi mat phang câ no trong qua trinh chuyen dpng.
ngang: Chpn he true xOy nhu" hinh ve, phan tich Bai giai ||
chuyen dpng ciia gipt dau thanh hai thanh phan theo Chpn he tpa dp Oxy nhU" hinh ve, phan tich ehuyen dpng cua qua eau thanh
hai true Ox va Oy: hai thanh phan:
+ Theo true Ox: v^ = a^t = (gsina)t + Theo Ox: Qua cau chuyen dpng nhanh dan deu do liTc dien tri/dng F = qE:
F
+ Theo true Oy: Vy = a^t = (— + geosa)t = g( 1 + eosa)t v, = a,= ^ t = S^t;x=VaA^ (1)
m m m deu do trong life P = mg:
m Theo Oy: Qua eau ehuyen 2dpng cham2 dan
va y = ~''iyt^ = + cosa)t^ = Vo - ayt = vo -gt; y = Vot - -gt^ (2) / : .
- Khi gipt dau va cham vao tam kim loai thi quang diTdng ma no di theo true I2mx
(!) suy ra: t =
, thay gia tri t vao (2) ta du'de:
Oy la y = - o y = - g( 1 + cosa)t^ = - => t =, 1 ("qi"
- Van toe theo true Ox: v - gsina 2mx 2mx
|2mx 1 2mx
g(l + eosa) = sina (1 + cosa) = Vo.
' qE
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B6i duBng hQC sinh gioi Vgl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
2mx _ mgx
y = Vo
qE qE
D O N Q f > I ^ N K H O N Q Otf I
' qE V qE
CmsnJilL DONG DIEN KHONG DOI - DIEN TRd
\2
2mgxy , 2mxv„
<=> y +
2
+
mg
X = '0 .1 DINH LUAT OM CHO DOAN MACH
qE vqEy qE
mg ,2 , ,.2 2m O .T6M TAT K I E N THirc !^

O + y'+—(gy-v^)x = o (3) A
qE I. pong di$n khong do'i ^ - ^ Y < = ® — >
- V a n toe cua qua cau: V = Jv^ + Vy = If qE^' t2+(Vo-gt)2

m
1. Dong d i ^ n : Dong dien la dong chuyen dcJi c6 hu'dng cua cac hat mang dien.
Chieu cua dong dien diTdc quy \idc la chieu chuyen dong cua cac dien tich
di/dng (ngi/dc vdi chieu chuyen dong cua cac electron trong k i m loai).
qE
= > V = t ' - 2 g V o t + v^ (4) 2. CiJfcfng dv dong d i ^ n : Cu'cfng do dong dien la dai li/dng dac tri/ng cho tinh
"manh", "ye'u" ciia dong dien va dUdc do bang dien liTdng tai qua mot tie't
qE .2 ^ 2_., „ ..2 gVo dien cua day dan trong mot ddn vi thdi gian: I = —
= > V =
+ g t - 2gVot + VQ=^ V,„in <z> V „,i„ => t =
^m^ At
qE
V d i dong dien khong ddi thi: I = —.
- Thay gia trj t vao (4) ta diTdc:

II. Di^n trd - D j n h Iu§t 6m cho do^n mach
qE' g^V^
1. D i ^ n t r d
+g
qE' - Di^n trd ciia day ddn kim loai hinh tru: R = p — ( p la dien trcl suat; / la
qE + g S
chieu d a i ; S la tiet dien).
~ Di^n trd phu thuQc vao nhiet do: R = Ro(l + a t) hay p = p^Cl + a t ) .
qE qE
Vmin — V o = : > Vn,i„ = (Ro la dien trd day dan d 0°C; R 1^ dien trd day dan d t°C; v d i k i m loai
2 2
qE P > 0, v d i cha't dien phan p < 0).
+g
2- D|nh lufit 6m cho doan m^ch (di$n trd): I = — .

V a y : Phi/cJng trinh quy dao cua qua cau la R
/ ^
mg ^' G h e p cac di§n trd
x^ + y^ + — ( g y - v^)x = 0 ; van toe ciTc tieu cua qua cau la
vqEy qE " Ghep noi tiep: ^î,
I = I , = I2 = . . . = I„; U = U , + U2 + . . . + U „ ; R = R i + R2 + . . . + R n . '
S£=Lv„ dat du-dc tai thdi d i e m t = ^ . Ghep xonf; song:
^/q^^ + mV 'qE^
I = I , + l2 + . . . + I n ; U = U , = U2 = . . . = U „ ; ^ = ; ^ + - ? - + . . . + - ^
R R, R, R„
124 125
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Si duang hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t j p 1 - M g u y i n Phu D6ng
Bien doi mach hinh sao thanh mach tarn giac:

• Chuy:
U R - Ril^2
- Vdi doan mach noi tiep: R > Ri; —^ = ^ (chia the, ti 1? thuan). ^'2 ~ Rj+Rj+Rj
'^j • ' • ......
I. Rj R1R3
Ri3 =
- Vdi doan mach song song: R < RJ; — = — (chia dong, ti le nghich). R1+R2+R3
I. R,
" R,+R.+R,
B . NHtnNQ C H U Y K H I GlAl B A I T A P
Bien doi mach tam giac thanh mach hinh sao:
1. De tinh ciTdng do dong dien trong doan mach, hieu dien the' hai dau doan
mach dien trd c6 the diTa vao:. , <. r , , R, - R , 2 + R | 3 + -
R23
v - Cong thufc dinh nghla cu'dng dp dong dien (I = —); djnh luat 6m (I = H)
R^lR^
! t R
- Tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, song song. Rl3
- Cac bai toan "chia the'" (doan mach noi tiep), "chia dong" (doan mach R-iiRa
song song). ^3 - ^ 3 l " ' " ^ 3 2 ' ^ ' ^'
R12
2. Khi tinh toan dien trd can chu y:
+ Cac doan mach cd so' dien trd v6 cung nhieu: Luc nay dien trd tiTPng dUdng
- Cong ihdc djnh luat 6m (R = — ) ; cong thufc R = p - , cong thufc R = cua mach se khong phu thupc vao so liTdng mac xich nen cd the coi dien trd
tifdng du'dng ciJa ca mach (n mic xich) bang dien trd ti/Png diTPng cua mach
Ro(l + a t ) .
gom (n-1) miCc xich: R n = R n _ i , ivt do tinh diTdc R „ .
- Tinh cha't cua doan mach noi tiep, song song.
- Cdc bai toan "chia the" (doan mach noi tie'p), "chia dong" (doan mach C . C A C B A I T A P \h DONG DIEN KHONG D6I - D I E N TRd - DINH
song song). LUAT 6M CHO DOAN MACH
j5j - Cac quy tac tinh "fi/^n trd tucmg ducfng" do'i vdi cac mach dien trd ghep 1. DONG D I E N K H O N G D O I
vdinhau: ; S.l. Mot dong dien khong doi cd I = 4,8A chay qua mot day kim loai tiet dien
+ Cac quy tdc bie'n doi tumg ducmg: thdngS= I c m l T i n h :
• Chap cac nut c6 ciing dien the (thi/dng vdi doan mach c6 R = 0) hoac tach
3) So' electron qua tiet dien thang cua day trong Is. '
'tf mot nut thanh nhieu nut cd ciing dien the.
^) Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron. ' '
• Chap cac nut doi xiJng nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac moi
Biet mat do electron tu" do n = 3.10^% •\ „
mat phSng (mach dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien (vi co
Bai giai ,
cijng dien the); tach mot niit llwnh nhieu niit thi cac niit nay phai nam doi
So electron qua tiet dien thang ciia day trong Is al-, i-n
xiJug nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac mot mat ph^ng (niat^h
T ' T q "6 It 4,8.1 . , _i9
dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien. Taco:I=- =— = > n = — =— • = 3.10 t- - '
• Bo qua doan mach khong cd dong dien di qua (doan mach cd dien trd f''' t t e 1,6.10 ''^
Idn). Vay: So'electron qua tiet dien thSng cua day trong Is la n = 3.10".
+ Cac phep Men doi m(jtch hinh sao thanh much tarn gidc hoac mach tarn gi^'^ Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hudng cua electron
ihanh much hinh sao: Ta cd: Mat dp dong dien: i = — = nqv
S
127
m
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, t|ip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng — — Cty TNHH MTV DWHJ<hang Vijt
4,8 :hieu cua I , I , , I3 diTdc cho nhu' hinh. Tim cirdng dp dong dien va hieu dien
=> V = = 10 ^ m/s = 0,01 mm/s.
-4 | t h e tren moi vat dan con lai. Cho biet cac diem tren cung mot day dan se c6
nqS 3.102^1,6.10"'^10
•cDng dien the.
Vay Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron la v = 0,01 mm/s,
Bai giai '9^^ ^ *. ,
5.2. Trong khoang thdi gian 10s, dong dien qua day dan tSng deu tCr Ii = 1A de'n
|Mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu'sau:
I : = 4A. Tinh cuTdng do dong dien trung binh va dien liTdng qua day trong thdi I M 'J I
heo tinh chat cua doan mach no'i liep,
gian tren.
(1)
jng song:
Bai giai (3)
•3
r a c d : U A B = 1 2 V ; UAM = 8 V .
(2)
CiTcJng dp dong dien trung binh: I = - ^ - ^ = — j - ^ 2,5 A I = 6 A; 1| = 3 A; 13 = 5 A. M
A = N B
• I2 = l 3 - I , = 5 - 3 = 2 A . 14)
Dien lifdng qua day trong thdi gian tren: q = It = 2,5.10 = 25 C.
i I4 = I -13 = 6 - 5 = 1 A.
5.3. Tu phang khong khi c6 ban ciTc hinh vuong canh a = 20cm, khoang each
"" UNM = UAM = 8 V ; U N B = U A B = 1 2 V ; U M B = UAB - U A M = 1 2 - 8=4 V.
d = 2mm, no'i vdi nguon U = 500V. Du'a mot ta'm thuy tinh c6 chieu day
2. D I E N T R 6 Tl/OfNG Dl/OfNG
d' = 2mm, h^ng so dien moi e = 9 vao tu vdi van toe khong ddi v = lOcm/s.
5.5. Mot tu phang, chat dien moi giiJa hai ban tu c6 hang so dien moi 8 va dien
Tim cU'dng dp dong dien trong mach trong thdi gian du'a tam dien moi vao tu.
trd suat p. Dien dung cua tu la C. Tinh dien trcf cua dien moi giiJa hai ban tu.
Cu'dng dp nay c6 thay doi trong thdi gian noi tren khong?
Bai giai v M ft r
Bai giai
Ta c6:
- Dien dung cua tu trU'dc khi du'a tam thuy tinh vao:
eS + Dien trd ciia dien moi: R = p - (1)
C= S
k.47t d k.47i d k.47t d
sS
- Dien dung cua tu khi diâ tam thuy tinh c6 be day d' = d vao: + Dien dung cua tu ph^ng: C = (2)
k.47id
eS 9S 9a^
C = + Khoang each giiTa 2 ban tu dien bang chieu dai dien trd cua tu di?n: d = /.
k.47: d k.47t d k.47t d • Tir(2)suyra: - = i = - ± - (3)
Quang dirdng diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: s = a. S S 4nkC
s H 20 1 10,-9
Thdi gian diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: At = - = - = — = 2 s. • The'(3) vao (1), ta diTdc: R = = ^ . Vdi =
47tk.C C ° 4:Tk 36n
Aq U(C'-C)
Cirdng d6 dong dien trong mach: I = — =
At At V$y: Dien trd cua dien moi giffa hai ban tu la R = "^^ '
C
U.8a' 8.500.0,2'
1 = = = 3,54.10~''A. Hai day dan, khi mdc noi tiep cd dien trd Idn gap 6,25 Ian khi mic song
k.4jid.At 9.10^.471.2.10"^2
song. Tinh ti so dien trd cua hai day.
- V i tam thiiy tinh chuyen dong deu nen I khong doi.
Bai giai
Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien trong mach l i I = 3,54.10"^ A = const.
5.4. Bon valt dan di/dc noi bSng Tac6:R,+R^=:6^5.-5l%-o(R,+R,)'-6,25R,R '=0 ^'^^
R,+R2 \ ^/ 1 2
(1) (4) B
cac day dan nhif hinh ve. Biet
UAB = 12V; UAM = 8 V ; I = 6A;
ZJ-rL— H4:
N Rf+2R,R2+R^-6,25R,R2 =0 o Rf-4,25R,R2+ R ^ - 0
1 ii
I , = 3A; I3 = 5A. <=>(R,-2,125R2f-(l,875R2f » R,-2.125R2 = 1,875R2

(3)
129
128
Bfli (iKong hoc sinh gi6! Vat ly 1 1 , tap 1 - Nguyen PhCi B6ng
j _ 9 . Co hai loai dien trd Ri = 3Q, R2 = 5Q. H o i phai can m o i loai may cdi de khi
^ R , =4R2 (loaigiatriam) =>—- = 4. ghdp no'i tie'p, chung c6 dien trd tUdng dUdng la 55Q?
R2
B a i giai
Rl ^
Gpi X la so dien t r d R i , y la so dien trd R2 can diing: x, y nguyen, dUdng.
Vay. T i so d i ? n t r d cua hai day la — - 4 .
D i e n trd tUdng dUdng khi he ghep noi tiep: Ru, = 3x + 5y = 55
5.7. Day dan c6 dien trd R = 144Q. Phai cat day ra bao nhieu doan bKng nhau d | 55-3x
khi m^c cac doan do song song nhau, dien trd tiTdng diTdng la 4Q? = > y = - y — = ll-0,6x , ;
Uai giai _ V i y nguyen, du'dng nen: 11 - 0 , 6 x > 0 => x < !8,3 .
+ x = 0 = > y = 11 •
D i e n t r d ciia m o i doan day sau khi cat la: Ro = — •
n + x = 5=>y =8
+ x=10^y =5 ; •
D i e n trd tiTcfng diTdng cua n doan day gio'ng nhau mic song song 1^:
R + x = 1 5 = > y = 2.
R, - I Rl io i _r Rz ^ = ^ n = ^ — =6.
Vay: Co 4 phiTdng a n chon cac dien trd R i , R2 de khi ghep noi tiep dien trd
" n ^R,d V4 tiTdng du'dng cua chung la 55 Q g o m :
V a y : Phai cat day dan thanh 6 doan bhng nhau.
+ mach gom 11 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. ; .v,
5.8. Ba dien t r d R, = I Q , R2 = 2Q, R3 = 3Q. H o i c6 bao nhieu each m^c cac die
+ mach gom 5 dien trd Rj va 8 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep. r s
trd nay v d i nhau? T i m dien t r d tiTdng diTdng trong m o i tri/dng hdp.
+ mach gom 10 dien trd R\a 5 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. h
B a i giai
+ mach g o m 15 dien trd R, va 2 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep.
Cac each m^c 3 dien t r d R,, R2, R 3 la:
5.10. Ba dien trd R,, R2, R3 diTdc mac theo sd
- [ R l nt R2nt R 3 ] : R,d = R i + R2 + R 3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Q.
do ben. B i e t khi doi cho cac dien trd, ta c6 I ' ' ^
- [ R , / / R 2 / / R 3 ] : _ L ^ J - + - L + -L = i + l + i = i!- ^ R _ ^ = A « 0 , 5 5 Q . the tao du'dc cac mach eo dien trd 2,5Q; ~
R,j R, R2 R3 1 2 3 6 11
4Q;4,5a
TinhR|,R2,R3.
- [R, nt (R2// R3)]: R,d = R. + - 1+ = 2,2Q.
R2+R3 2+ 3 B a i giai
V i vai tro ciia R i , R2, R3 nhif nhau nen gia siif cae each mic eo dien trd ti/dng
dufdng tu-dng ilng la:
[(R. nt R2) // R3]: R.. = =2,5 (1)

- [R2 nt (R, // R 3 ) ] : R,d = R2 + =2+ = 2,75f2. Rj +R2 +R3
R,+R3 1 +3
[(R, nt R3) // R2]: R,a = f ' ^y-^'

R, + R 2 + R 3
=4 (2)
r, R2 + R , + R 3 2+1 +3
R R 12 [(R2 nt R3) // R,]: R „ = t.^-^^^ = 4,5 (3)

- [ R 3 nt (R, // R2)]: R,d = R 3 + „ ' ^ = 3 + • — « 3,67Q. Rj + R 2 + R 3
K j + K2 I+
TCr (1) o R , R 3 + R2R3 = 2,5.(R, + R2 + R 3 ) (4)
Ttr (2) o R,R2 + R2R3 = 4.(R, + R2 + R 3 ) (5)
R3+R,+R2 3+ 1 +2
; Tir (3) o R,R2 + R , R 3 = 4,5.(Ri + Rj + R 3 ) (6)
V a y : Co 8 each m^c 3 dien t r d R2, R i , R3 nhiTtren.
131
130
61 doeng hpc sinh
sin gi6i Vjt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ngj Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi$t
_ L a y ( 5 ) - ( 4 ) ^ R , R 2 - R | R 3 = 1 , 5 . ( R | + R 2 + R3) (7)
1 R ( ) | « l + RQ2a2
_ Lay (7) + (6) => 2R,R2 = 6.(R, + R2 + R,) - ^ ;-.M R = (Ro, + R02) (2)
•^01 +''^02
R,R2 = 3 . ( R , + R 2 + R 3 ) (8)
RniCt,
_ Thay (8) vao (5) => R2R3 = R, + R2 + R3 ~ (9)
_ T h a y ( 8 ) v a o ( 6 ) = ^ R , R 3 = l , 5 ( R | + R 2 + R3)(10)
a (I) va (2) suy ra: a = Ry, + R 0 2
[,) Khi mac song song:

- La'y(8)chia(9): ^ = 3=^R3=^ (11)
^_ R1R2 _ R„,(l + a , t ) . R o 2 ( l + « 2 t )
R,+R2 Ro,(l + a,t) + R o 2 ( l + a 2 t )
_ La'y(10)chia(9): • ^ = I , 5 ^ R 2 ' (12)
R2 1.5 ^R= Roi-Ro2(l + a i t ) ( l + a 2 t ) ^ R01.R02 (l + ait)(l + a2t)
Ro, + R„2 + Ro.ait + Rozttjt) Ro, + ^ 0 2 ' , ^ R o , a , + R o 2 a 2 ^
_ Thay(ll)va(12)vao(8),tadircfc:R,.^ = 3 . ( R , + ^ + ^)
^ 0 1 + ^^02
1,5 ' 1 , 5 3
_ Vdi a i , a2 « 1 , ta cd cac cong thiJc gan dung:
=:>R,=4,5.(l + j ^ + l) = 9 Q ; R 2 = ^ = - ^ = 6 Q ; R 3 = ^ = | = 3Q. 1 + e
(l + e , ) ( l + e 2 ) ~ l + E , + £ 2 ; l-«l + 8,-82
1 "I" 6-.*
Vay: Gia tri cua cac dien trd la 3 Q ; 6 Q va 9 Q .
!
5 . 1 1 . T i m he so nhiet dien trd cua day dan biet d nhiet do ti = 20°C, day c6 dien nen (1 + a,t)(l + a j t ) a 1 + ( a , + a , ) t U
trd R| = IOOQ; d nhiet dp tj = 2400°C, day c6 dien trd Rj = 200Q. 1 + (a, + a 2 ) t Ro,a, + R „02
â
1 +(a, + a 2 - "-2 )t«l + ^ 0 1 ^ 2 + R()2"l
B a i giai "<'• 1 + :^0!"L.:^^^02"2 RQ, + R02 Ro, + R 0 2
_ CJ nhiet d o t , : R , - R „ ( i + a t , ) 0 1 0 0 = Ro{l + a.20) (]) ^ 0 1 + ''^02 lit'"' y* •c-:; O'!; K. £ 1 i
_ 6 nhiet dp t2: R2 = R o ( 1 + ^ 2 ) 0 200 = RQ(l + a.240O) (2) =^R=.,Ai:^ (3)
Ro, + R02 ^01+^^02
_ Lay (2) chia (1) ta diTPc: 2 = ' ^ ^'^^^^
l + 20a ,
- Tir(l)va (3)suyra: g ^ ^Q''^^+Ro2«i
<:>2 + 40a = I + 2400a 2360a = 1 a = 4,24.10^(do"'). ^01 + ^ 0 2
Vay: He so nhiet dien trd cua cha't lam day dan la a = 4,24.10"'(dp~'). Vay: He so nhiet dien trd chung ciia hai day khi chiing m^c noi tiep la
5.12. Hai day dan c6 he so nhiet d i e n t r d a,, a j d 0°C c6 dien trd Roi, Ro2- T'"^
he so nhiet dien t r d chung cua hai day khi chiing mac: ^ ^"^"^ khi Chung ma-c song song la a - ^ ^ ^ ^ « ^ " '
^01 + ^ 0 2 Ro, + R 0 2
a) Noi tiep. b) Song song.
B a i giai ^•13. M o t thanh than ( p , =4.10^'^Qm; a , = - 0 , 8 . 1 0 '^K ') va mot thanh sa't
_ Dien trd cua hai day d a i v d nhiet dp t: R, = Ro,(l + a,t); R2 = Ro2(I+ a j t ) . (p2 = l , 2 . 1 0 ~ ^ Q m ; a 2 = 6 . 1 0 " - ' ' K ' ' ) cung tiet dien, mac noi tiep. T i m t i so
(vdi a|t, a2t « 1) chieu dai hai thanh de dien trd cua mach khong phu thupc nhiet dp.
_ Gpi Ro la dien trd chung cua hai day dan d 0"C; a la he so nhiet dien ir*^
B a i giai
chung cua hai day dan. D i e n trd chung ciia hai day dan d nhiet dp t Ijk:
Eîen trd ciia thanh than va thanh silt d nhiet dp t: * ' '
R = Ro(|+at) (1)
^ i = Ro,(l + a , t ) ; R2 = Ro2(l + " 2 0
a) Khi mdc noi tiep: R = R, + R2 = Roi(l + a,t) + RQJCI + a2t)
^ h i hai thanh ma'c noi tiep thi dien trd tifdng diTdng cua hai thanh la:
=> R = (Ro, + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
^ = Ri + R2 = (Roi + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
133
B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Kh :,:„ viet
- De R khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi: ( R o i a , + Ro2a2) =0 => RoiCti = - Ro2a2
Bai giai
Ma: Roi = P, I; Ro2 = P2 I ^ Pi - ^ - " i = - P 2 ~-^2

Vi 1.6 = 2.3 =^ Mach cau can
bSng nen diem C chap diem D.
1
Vi 3.4 = 2.6 => Mach cau can
D
6 U
b^ng nen diem M chap diem N .
Pjttj 1 A-5 A O 1 A-3
4.10"\0,8.10 400 44
Ivlach dien du'dc ve lai nhUsau:
Vay: De dien trd cua mach khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi ti so chieu dai
hai thanh phai bang — « — .

I2 44
5.14. C6 mot so dien trd giong nhau, moi dien trd c6 gia tri R = \2Q. Tim so
>1
c M,N
rH h-j
D B
dien trd it nhaft va each m^c de c6 dien trd tu'dng diTdng hhng 7,5Q. -CZH
Bai giai 12Q
- De CO dien trd 7,5Q phai mac song 1 [_
song vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd X •— P
, 1 1 1 1.2
X = 20Q X 3.6
ma: — + — = —
X 12 7,5
Ta c6: RAC = = 2Q.
i2Q l-f2 = 3 " ' ^ ^ = 3 + 6
- De CO dien trd 20Q phai mac noi tiep
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Y ma: «— RAM - T" + 2 — —Q ; RMB - -—7 - •
3 3 2+4 3
Y + 12 = 20=^ Y = 8Q -CD—C3- RAP = 2 + 2 = 4Q.
- De CO dien trd 8Q phai mic song song 12Q Y
=> RAM-RPB = RAP-RMB => mach cau can bhng.
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Z ma: I2Q Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu" sau:
R•AM
- +— = -=>Z-24Q _ 12Q
^R,n= ^ A M RAP ^ RMB-RPB
R•MB
Z 12 8 • A
RAM + R A P RMB RpB B
- De CO dien trd 24Q phai mac noi tiep
IA
12Q
, vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd 12Q nffa. 1.2
R•AP RiPB
Vay: So dien trd toi thieu la 5 dien trd va du'dc mac nhiT sau: = 2,4Q.
i2Q - 4 J.2
^4y: Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach dien la RAB = 2 , 4 Q .

M: -c \2Q ^ • l ^ - Cdc dien trd trong mach c6 sd do
12Q "hir hinh ben deu c6 cung gia tri R .
12Q 12Q
^ n h dien trd giila hai nut A va B.
5.15. Co 12 dien trd diTdc ghep
Bai giai
thanh mach nhiT hinh ve. Cac gia
% c h dien diTdc ve lai nhiT sau:
tn du'dc cho b^ng 6m (Q). Tinh
dien trd tu'dng difdng cua mach ^'?n trd tu'dng di/dng cua dien trd 1, 2, 4: R124 = -
dien.
'^1 trd tiTdng diTdng cua dien trd 1, 2, 3, 4:
B6i dOBng hoc sinh gioi V j t ly 11. 15p 1 - Nguyen Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
R ^ _ 4R
R1234 ~ y R A N B = ^ A K I 5 = 7+>' + 7 = 2r
- D i e n trd tiTdng dufcJng cua doan mach A B : R R 2r _

p i e n trd tUdng di/dng cua doan mach A B : R^g - — A N B ^ AKB ' 2 ~^
4
RAB —
-CZH b) Hinh 2:
4R ^ p o a n mach C M va C N , M P va PN, N B va
R
_
3 4R 3^4R A M , A P va BP doi xu'ng nhau qua true CP nen
RAR —
4R 3 "7" 7 dong dien qua cac doan mach doi xufng se
+ R
b i n g nhau va c6 chieu nhu" hinh ve. V i vay ta
4R CO the nha nut P ma khong lam thay doi dong
V a y : D i e n trd giffa hai niit A , B la RAB -
dien qua cac doan mach.
5 . 1 7 . Cho mach dien nhiTcac hinh sau. D i e n trd m 6 i doan la r. T i m dien trd toan _ Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach M C N :
mach trong m o i hinh. y B 1 1 1 1 ^ 2r__r
R MCN 2r r 2r 4~2
_ Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A C B :
'ÂCB = + ^MCN " y " ^'^"^
- Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua ca doan mach A B :

A B A
^ 2,5r.2r _ IQr
Bai giai
^^•~2,5r + 2 r ~ 9 '
a) Hinh 1:
c) Hrnh 3:
- Ta thay A M va A H , M N va H K , NP va KQ, B
- VI l i do doi xu'ng, ta nha Q D B/^
PB va Q B , M O va H O , OP va OQ doi xurng
cac nut nhiT hinh ve:
vdi nhau qua true quay A nen dong dien p F
qua cac doan mach doi xu'ng se bang nhau
va CO chieu nh\i hinh ve. C N
- V i vay ta c6 the nha nut O ma khong lam

A E M
thay doi dong dien qua cac doan mach:
Mach dien se tiTdng du'dng:
- V i dien trd m o i doan bhng nhau nen doan
mach M N P O va H K Q O la mach cau can
bang nen cu'dng dp dong dien qua N O va
K O bang khong. -CZH
- D i e n trd ti/dng difdng cua doan mach R EF
B
MP, HQ:RMP = R H Q = y = r r
r r
-CZh
- D i e n trd tiTdng dU"dng cua doan mach A N B , A K B : HZU- r r
•-CZHIZH 137
dii8ng hgc sinh gidi Vat ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
+ D i e n trcf tiTcfng du"cJng cua doan C D : R C D = 4r. r +R
p i e n trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan O1O2: R^^^^ = R^^^ + R^^^ = 2 = r + R.
+ D i e n tret tiTdng diTcfng ciia nufa phia tren:
Rr.,..3r 4r.3r 26
R, = r + —+r=r+- •+r=• Ta c6: R = ^ = 1,57r => R ^ „ = r + 1,57r = 2 , 5 7 r . '
RcD+3r 4r + 3r
Vay: D i ? " l\i(ing dUdng cua mach la Roj02 2'^^'''

+ D i e n trd tiTdng dU'dng c u a toan m a c h : R ^ g = ^ ^ = ^ y - .
^ TUtMM tu, ban doc hay tinh dien trd ciia mach dien
d) H i n h 4 :
sau khi dong dien di vao d tam mot vong tron va d i ra
- V i l i do d o i xuTng c u a m a c h , ta c h a p c d c nut: B , D , A ' ; C, B ' , D ' .
d tam mot vong tron khac.
D (Ketciud: R = l,lr).
C
C,B',D' 5.19. M o t mach dien c6 5 nut. Giffa hai nut baft k i nao cung deu c6 m^c mot dien
trd r. Tinh d i e n trd tu'dng duTdng ciia mach neu dong d i e n d i vao v^ d i ra tai
D
B,D,A hai niit bat k i . X e t tri/dng hdp tdng quat mach c6 N niit.
B
Bai giai
Gia suf dong dien vao nut 1 va ra niit 2: (5)
- D i e n t r d ti/dng du'dng cua doan A B : RAB = - •
_ Khi giffa cac cap niit 3 va 4, 3 va 5, 4 va 5
•j ( j )
- D i e n trcf ti/'dng du'dng cua doan BC: RBC = — • c6 dien trd r thi cu'dng do dong dien van
6
khdng qua cac dien t r d nay v i cau can . (V
- D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cija loan mach: R , =— +— +- - —. bkng. M a c h d i e n dU'dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
AC 3 6 3 6 - Dien trd tuTdng diTdng cua toan mach:
(1) (2)
5 . 1 8 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, day c6 tie't dien deu,
dien trd cua doan day c6 chieu dai bang ban kinh R ~ r 2r 2r 2r ~ 2r " 5"
vong tron la r. D o n g d i e n di vao d tam mot vong 2r
- Neu mach c6 N nUt thi: R =^
tron va d i ra cl tam mot vong tron khac. Tinh dien N
trd ciia mach. 5.20. Cho mach dien nhii hinh Ri Ri R.
Bai giai ben R , = 0,4Q; R2 = 8Q, so T R

R: R2
Goi r la dien t r d ciia ban kinh, R la dien trd cua 1/4 durdng tr6n. 6 dien trd la v6 tan.
- M a c h d i e n dU'dc ve l a i nhiT sau: Tim dien trd tUdng diTdng B, I X
cfia mach.
B a i giai
V i mach dien dai v6 han hen doan mach tif C D trd di tifdng diTdng v d i ca
3oan mach A B .
Goi R la tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach
Ri RI
( R = RAB = R C D ) : A
- D o a n mach O i E va EO2 la mach cau can b^ng.
r +R R = R,
R,R
1 _ _ -0,4 + 8R
R;
t R2 R,
- D i e n t r d tu'dng diTdng cua cac doan O i E , EO2: R Q ^ ^ = R ^ Q J = R2 + R 8 +R
T T T
138 139
Boi duSng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 1 1 , tap 1 - Nguyen Phil D6ng Cty TMHH MTV DVVH_t<hann Vi$t
3 p O A N M A C H N O I T I E P , SONG SONG
^ 8R + R^ = 3 , 2 + 8,4R=>R^ - 0 , 4 R - 3 , 2 = 0
gj3. Cuon day dong ( p = l,75.10"'*Qm ) c6 n = 1000 vong, diTdng kinh m 5 i vong
= > R = 2 Q ; R ' = - | Q (loai).
1^ d = 6cm. M a t dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day i = 2 A / m m l T i m hieu
Vay: D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng cua mach la R = 2Q. dien the Idn nha't C O the dat vao cuon day.
5.21. M a c h dien cafu tao bang B a i giai
cac dien trd r nhiThinh ve. CU'dng dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day: I = iS = 2.10^7lr^. '
Phai mac them vao C D 2. ' J- J* „ ^ nnd nrtd
Dien trd cua cuon day dong: R = p — = p =:p . ^ "
dien t r d R bao nhieu de S S Tir"
dien t r d tiTdng diTdng cua B

Hieu dien the Idn nhat dat vao cuon day: U,™x = I R = 2.10^ j i r ^ p — .
mach A B khong phu thuoc 7ir^
vao so'6 dien trd?
tI
=> U,„ax = 2.10^1,75.10'. 1000.71.0,06 « 6,6 V .
B a i giai Vay: H i e u dien the Idn nhat c6 the dat vao cuon day la U„,ax « 6,6 V .
- D o mach dien dai v6 han nen doan mach tif M N trd d i tUdng du'dng vdi ca 5.24. Doan mach g o m 4 doan day cung dp dai, ciing l a m bang mot cha't, dien
doan mach A B . tich tiet dien: S i = I m m ^ S 2 = 2 m m ^ S3 = 3mm^; S 4 = 4 m m l Bo'n doan day
- G o i R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach:
mac no'i tiep vao nguon U = lOOV.
(2r + R)r 2r^ + Rr
I 1^
R = Tinh hieu dien the tren m o i doan day. '>'
2r + R + r 3r + R B a i giai
<=> R2 + 2 r R - 2 r ^ = 0
^ R = r(V3-l); B Dien trd cua doan l : R i = p — ; dien trd cua doan 2: R2 =p — .

N
R = -r(V3 + l ) < 0 ( l o a i ) .
Vay: D e RAB khong phu thuoc vao so 6 dien trd phai mac them vao C D dien Dien trd cua doan 3: R 3 = p —
S3 ; dien • 4: R 4 = p' s- ',
• trd cua doan
trdR = r(V3-l). Dien trd tu'dng dufdng cua doan mach:
5.22. Cho doan mach g o m n dien trd R, = I f i ; R 2 = ; R„ = - Q mac R = R, + R 2 + R3 + R4= p/( —+ — + -1+ -L).
2 n S, S2 S3 S^
song song. T i m dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach.

Ctfdng do dong dien qua mach: I = — = H .
B a i giai R 1 1 1 1,
T a c o : — = • - + — + ... + — = 1 + 2 + ... + n p/( —+ — + — + — )
I—r
R R, R 2 s s s s
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 1: i'.' * ^
1
n(n + l )
R, R2 u, = iR, = !^ = y "
=>R = B I I S, S2 S3 S4 Sj Sj S3 S4 -
n(n + l ) « '
=.U,= [»« . 4 8 V .
Vay: D i e n trd tu'dng duTdng cua mach la R =
n(n + l )
10"^ 2.10"^ 3.10"^ 4.10"^
141
14©: I
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhanqVigt
Hieu dien the' giffa hai dau doan 2: U2 = IR2 - - ^ + [R,//R2]:Rs = U

c .1 1 1 1 R.+R^ I
Sj S3 S4
Vi S2 = 2 S , = > U 2 = - ^ = — = 2 4 V . (1)
u«.*u.. R,+R2 10
2 2 U
+ [RintR2]:R„ = Ri + R 2 = — .
n
12
Hieu dien the'giiJa hai dau doan 3: (2)
r => R, +R, = =5
' 2 2,4
(3)
(4)
^s s s <? Thay (2) vao (1) ta du-dc: R,R2 = 1,2.5 = 6
^2 TiT ( 2 ) suy ra: R2 = 5 - R,
R , =3Q R 2 =2Q
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 4: o R f -(4)5 Rvao
Thay 6 =ta0:diTdc: R|.(5 - Ri) = 6
, + (3)
=2Q' -3a
U4 = IR4= = ^ = 12 V . R, R2
o . 1 1 1 1X 4 Vay: Co hai gia tri ciia Ri va R2 la

S^C — + — + — + — ) (R, = 3 Q ; R 2 = 2 Q ) h o a c ( R i = 2 Q ; R2 = 3 Q ) .
Sj S 2 S3 S4
Vay: Hieu dien the giffa hai dau cac doan day la U , = 48 V; U2 = 24 V; U3 = 5.27. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R, = 12Q,
R2 = 15Q, R3 = 5Q, cu-dng dp qua mach • - R, B
16 V va U 4 = 12 V.
5.25. Von ke V diTcJc m^c vao mach dien c6 U = 220V. Khi m^c noi tiep V vdi chinh I = 2A. K :
R, = 15kQ thi V chi U , = 70V. Khi m^c noi tiep V vdi R2 tM V chi U2 = 20V. Tim cu'dng do dong dien qua tifng dien trd. R3
Tinh Rz. Bai giai

Baigiai . @ . Dien trd tiTdng di/dng cua R2 va R3: R23 = R2 + R3 = 15 + 5 = 20Q.
Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau von ke khi mac vdi R|: Dien trd tifdng d^dng cua doan mach AB: RAB = — ' = —'• = 7,5Q.
IT 220
Uv =I,Rv = — R v « 70 = . R v = > R v = 7000Q. Rj + R23 12 + 20
. ^1 ' ^ R i + R y 15000 + Rv ^
Hieu dien the' giffa hai dau von ke' khi m^c vdi R2: Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau doan mach AB: UAB = IRAB = 2.7,5 = 15V.
20
Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R,: I, = = — = 1,25A.
Rj 12 ,
Vay: Gia trj cua R2 \h R2 = 7 0 k Q . '
5.26. Hai dien tret R,, R2 mic vao hieu dien the U = 12V. Lan dau Rj, R2 'H'^' Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R 2 , R 3 : l 2 = I j = ^ ^ = — = 0.75A. .
song song, dong dien mach chinh Is = lOA. Lan sau Ri, R2 m^c noi tiep, doHr R23 20
dien trong mach !„ = 2,4A. Tim Ri, R2. Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua cac dien trd la Ii = 1,25A; I2 = I3 = 0,75A.
Bai giai 5-28. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. Biet UMN = 18V, -CD-ciTdng do d6ng dien qua R2 la
Dien trd tUdng dUdng cua doan mach khi: I2 = 2A. Tim:
R2
N
Ri ne'u R2 = 6n, R 3 = 3n. ^ ' ^ I
RsneuR, = 3 Q , R 2 = l a M R3
142 ^) R2 ne'u R, = 5Q, R 3 = 3Q. 143

Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
Boi dUQng hgc sinli gioi Vai !y 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = U - Uvi = 180-60 = 120V.

B a i giai
a) Ta c6: . ' + Cffdng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = — = -^^^ = 0,04A .
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I2R2 = 2.6 = 12V. , Rj 3000
(Ta thay I2 Ii nen von ke c6 dien trd R^, hffu han).
CirSng do dong dien qua R3:13 - — = — = 4 A . '''^ • * 1^
+ Cffdng dp dong dien qua Rv: Ivi =h - Ii = 0 , 0 4 - 0 , 0 3 = 0,01 A . (
•v/ ,„ ....
to U 60
Circfng do dong dien qua R,; I , = I2 + I3 = 2 + 4 = 6 A .
, D i e n trd cua von k e : Rv = — ^ = = 6000i^.
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R i : U i = U M N - U2 = 18 - 12 = 6 V . ^ I v i 0,01
U, 6 { ^ i von ke' mac song song vdi R2:
D i e n trd cua R,: R, = — = - = l Q . •
I, 6 ^ Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua toan mach:
b) Ta c6:
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R j : U2 = I2R2 = 2.1 = 2V. Rj+Ry 3000 + 6000
H i e u dien the giffa hai d a u R , : U , = U M N - = 18-2 = 16V.

+ Cffdng do dong dien qua R i i l ' i ^ — = ^ ^ = 0,045A. v-^
R' 4000 ' '
Cffdng do dong dien qua R i : Ii = — = — A .
Rj 3 + H i e u d i e n t h e g i f f a h a i d a u R 2 : U ' 2 = U - U ' , = 180-0,045.2000 = 90V.
Vay: So'chi ciia von ke khi m^c song song vdi R2 la U'2 = 90V.
CiTcfng do dong dien qua R3:13 = Ii - 1 2 = ^' 5.30. Hai dien trd Ri = 6Q, R2 = 4Q chju dffdc cffdng dp dong dien toi da la l A va
1,2A. Hoi bp hai dien trd chiu dffdc cffdng dp toi da la bao nhieu neu chung m^c:
U, 2
D i e n trd cua R3: R3 = = — . 3 - 0,6Q . a) Noi tie'p. b) Song song.
B a i giai "
c) Ta c6:
a) Hai dien trd mdc noi tiep J, ^
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I2R2 = 2R2.
U, 2R, Khi R| mile noi tiep vdi R2: i<i, ^|I<1A ^^-[ZJ cz]—.
Ctrdng do dong dien qua R3:13 = — = — - . I<l2 1I<1,2A"
R3 3
Vay: Bp hai dien t r d mac noi tiep chju dffdc cffdng dp dong dien t o i da la
2R.
^niax = l A .
CffcJng do dong dien qua R j : Ii = I2 + I3 = 2 + — — .
^'Hai dien trd mac song song
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R,: U , = U - U2 = IiR|.
R I R +R
' ^ i Ri mile song song v d i R2: I = I , +12 = l i + = — ^ I ,
<:^18-2R2 = 2 . ^ .5<^9-R2 =5 + ^ o ^ + R2 = 4=:>R2=l,3a Rj Ri
3 3
5.29. Hai dien trd R, = 2000Q, R2 = 3000Q m^c nor tiep vdi nguon U = I8OV =>I, = - ^ 2 _ l = _ l _ i = o,4I<l (1) h
R,+R2 6+4 • ^ ^ ' '
(khong do'i). V o n ke V mile song:song vdi R i , chi 60V. T i m so chr cua von 1^^
VU2 = I _ I , = 0,61 < 1,2 , (2) i ^ ^ ^ ^
do khi mac song song v d i R2. ^ ^
B a i giai ^Tni)va(2)suyra: ^^2,5A ^
- K h i von ke mdc song song vdi R i : ll<2A
• Bp hai dien trd m^c song song chiu dffdc cffdng dp ddng dien t o i da 1^
+ Cffdng dp dong dien qua R i : Ii = - ^ ^ ^ = - ^ ^ = 0;03A.
R| 2000 V x = 2A.
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B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i V^t. ly 11, t?p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi^t
5 . 3 1 . Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R i = 3 6 Q ,

R2 = 12Q, R j = lOQ, R 4 = 3 0 Q , UAB = 54V. A
-c R2 •
U 12
CU'dng do dong dien qua R i : I , = — ^ = — = 0,4A.
Tim ciTcJng do dong dien qua tiTng dien trd. B

R, R3 R4
f RAB 30 U ;
^ Baigiai HiSu dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I1R234 = 0,4.7,5 = 3V. -
U 3 ...... " >
Mach dien difcfc ve lai nhiTsau: Cffdng do dong dien qua R2:12 = — = — = 0,25A.
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R i :
U 54 Cffdng do dong dien qua R3, R4:13 = I4 = ~ = — = 0,15A . '
4- R34 20 , . .
4^
R, 36 R3
I V$y: E)ien trd tffdng dffdng cua mach va cffdng dp dong dien qua cdc dien trd
Dien trd tiTcfng diTPng cua
R34 —
R ^ R •4
R3+R4
R3, R4:
_ 20.30 = 12Q
20 + 30
'2 R,
R4
I i a R A B = 3 0 Q ; I , = 0 , 4 A , l 2 = 0,25A,l3 = l4 = 0,15A.
5.33. Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R , = R3 = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R4 = I Q , R5 = 4Q,
. , ,v
cffdng dp qua mach chinh I = 3A. Tim:

U AB 54 a) UAB-
Cirdng do dong dien qua R2:12 = = 2,25A.
R, R
R234 R2+R34 12 + 12 b) Hieu dien the hai dau moi ^ • I
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau dien trd R3 va R4: dien trd. ^ ^
U34 = U3 = U 4 = I2R34 = 2,25.12 = 27V. c) UAD, UED. ^
U 27 d) Ndi D, E bang tu dien C = 2^F. Tim dien tich cua tu.
Cirdng do dong dien qua 13 = ^ = — = 1.35A.

a) Hieu dien the giffa hai diem A, B:
U 27
Ci/dng do dong dien qua R4:14 = —^ = — = 0,9A . Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua R i , R3: R ^ = R i + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6Q. *
R4 3U
Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua R2, R4: R24 = R2 + R4 = 2 + 1 = 3Q.
Vay: Cifdng do dong dien qua cac dien trd la I i = 1,5A; l2 = 2,25A; I3 = 1,-
R R 6 3
va I4 = 0,9A. Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua doan mach CB: RCB = = —— =2fi.
-c
5.32. Cho doan mach nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 22,5Q, R2 R , 3 + R24 6+3
Ri Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua doan mach AB: RAB = R 5 + RCB = 4 + 2 = 6Q.
= 12Q,R3 = 5 Q , R 4 = i 5 Q , U A B = 12V. ^
R, R4 Hieu dien the hai dau doan mach AB: UAB = IRAB = 3.6 = 18V.
Tinh dien trd ti/cfng dffcfng cua mach va ci/dng
^) Hieu dien the hai dau moi dien trd
do qua tffng dien trd. ^
Hi$u dien the hai dau R5: U5 = IR5 = 3.4 = 12V.
B a i giai
Hieu dien the hai dau CB: UCB = IRCB = 3.2 = 6V.
Mach dien dffdc ve lai nhi/sau:
Di6n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R3 va R4: Cffdng do dong dien qua R , , R 3 : 1 , = I3 = ^ = ^ = 1A.
R34 = R3 + R 4 = 5 + 15=20fi \ o Rj3 6
Uiif^ 1':""
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua R2, R3 va R4: Hieu dien the hai dau R , : U , = I j R , = 1.3 = 3V. . ;
Hieu dien the hai dau R3: U3 = I3R3 =1.3 = 3V.
R3 R4
R2 + R34 12 + 20 CffcJng do dong dien qua R2, R4:12 = I4 = — = - = 2A ni^h.
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua doan mach AB:
RAB = R I + R234 = 22,5 + 7,5 = 30Q ^'eu dien the hai dau R2:U2 = l2R2 = 2.2 = 4V. / ^
^>û dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = l4R4 = 2.1 = 2 V .
147
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhannViftt
Vay: Hieu dien the' hai dau cac dien trct 1^ CU'dng dp dong dien qua R2:
Ui = 3V; Uz = 4V; U.-, = 3V; = 2V va U., = 12V. .
U4 I, Ri
c) Hieu dien the hai dau cac doan mach A, D; E, D: ^2 R2 20 oe,.A'Xa:..A>,' ,
Hieu dien the hai dau A, D: UAD = UAC + UCD = U5 + U, = 12 + 3 = 15V. '3 R,
Hieu dien the hai dau E, D: UED = UEB + UBD = U4 - U3 = 2 - 3 = -IV. CU'dng dp dong dien qua R,: I4
d) Dien tich ciia tu dien I, = I 2 + I3 = 0,12 + 0,08 = 0,2A.

Taco: Q = CU = 2.10-^.1 =2.10^C. afc Hieu dien the hai dau R,: U, =I|R, =0,2.18 = 3,6V.
Hieu dien the' hai dau ca doan mach: U = Ui + U3 = 3,6 + 2,4 = 6V.
Vay: Dien tich cua tu dien la Q = 2. IQ-'^C.
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R,: I4 = I - 1 , = 0,5 - 0,2 = 0,3A.
5.34. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh
R5
R,
ve: R| = lOQ, R2 = 6C1, = 20Q.
R4 0,3 (, i 3
R3 = 2Q, R4 = 3Q, R 5 = 4Q.
X4
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R3 R2 Vay: Gia tri dien trd R4 = 2 0 Q .

la 0,5A. 5.36. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve:
Tim cU'dng dp qua tufng dien trct va UAB- R, = 15Q, R2 = R3 = R 4 = lOD, ^ -
Bai giai dong dien qua CB c6 cU'dng dp la
Dien trd tu-png du-png cua R3, R5: R35 = R3 + R.'s = 2 + 4 = 6Q. 3A. Tim U A B .
Hieu dien the hai dau R35: U35 = U4 = hR^s = 0,5.6 = 3V. Bai giai
CiTcfng dp dong dien qua R3, R,: I3 = I5 = 0,5A. Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu'saii: R,
U, 3 Ap dung qui tac nut mang, tai C ta c6:
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R4:14 = — = - = IA . lcB = I i + l 3 = 3 (1) A C
3 mk:h = ^ ^ ' ^ (2) I R,
B
R4 R, 15
Cirdng dp dong dien qua Rj: I, = I3 + I4 = 0,5 + 1 = 1,5A.
D -CZH
Hieu dien the hai dau R 3 : U 3 = I3R3 = IOI3. R4
Hieu dien the hai dau R,: U, = I,R, = 1,5.10 = 15V.
Hieu dien the hai dau AB: UAB = U , + U35 = 15 + 3 = 18V. CU'dng dp dong dien qua 1 ^ : 1 4 = - ^ = = I3.
31
U 18
CiTdng dp d6ng dien qua R2:12 = = — = 3A. Cirdng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = I3 + I4 = 2I3 = -^^^.
^234 'ii r , r f
R2 6
Vay: CiTcfng dp dong dien qua tufng dien trd UAB 1^ RR
R3+R4
I, = 1,5A, I2 = 3A, 13 = 15 = 0,5A, I4 = lA va U A B = 18V. Dien trd tu'dng diTdng cua R2, R 3 , R.: R234 = R2 + j = 10 + 5 = 15Q .
^
5.35. Cho mach dien nhiThinh ve: R, = 1 8 ^ R2 = 20Q,

R3 = 30Q, ciTcJng dp qua nguon I ='0,5A, hieu dien ^ ^ 15 30
the hai dau R 3 la U 3 = 2,4V. Thay (2) va (3) vao(l): ^ ^ + ^ ^ = 3 = > U . „ =30V.
TinhR4.
15 30
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R3: I3 = Bai R, giai
30 = 0,08A
Mach dien diTdc ve lai nhiT sau: ây: Hieu dien thegiiTa hai diem A, B la UAB = 30V.
m 149
B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin PhO P6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
5.37. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, UAB = 6V. Khi ^ i—iî _ H i = M.o,3A. J AI3
K md, ampe ke A , chi 1,2A. Khi K dong, A^RT'"^^/ K "~ ^' Ri 12
I.
ampe ke A i va A2 Ian liTcft chi 1,4A; 0,5A. Bo Ciidng do dong dien qua R2:
Ri R,
qua dien trd ampe ke'. U2 _ 2,4
B - = 0,4A.
Tinh R i , R2, R 3 . R2 6
Bai giai HitM dien the' hai dau R 3 :
Khi K md: Mach dien gom R, va R2 mac noi tiep:
UAC = UAB + UBC = 3,6 + 2,4 = 6V.
B D
u
AB => R, + R. = — = 5Q.
I* = Cifcfng do dong dien qua R3:13 = = — = o,6A.
1,2
R^ 10
R, = 5 - R, (1) Cifdng do dong dien qua nguon U i : I = I , + I , = 0,3 + 0,6 = 0,9A.
Khi K dong: Mach dien gom [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Ci^cfng do dong dien qua ampe ke': IA = I - I i = 0,9-0,3 = 0,6A.
_ ^3 CiTdng do dong dien qua nguon U2: F = I A +12 = 0,6 + 0,4 = 1 A.
^ - ^ - M = 2,8=.R23 =
^23 R 23 ^23 ^/ 0,5 2,8 5.39. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: R 4 = R2.
_ Neu no'i A, B vdi nguon U = 120V
u AB 30
+ Matkhac: = •^l+^23\-J ~~ tW I3 = 2A, U c D = 30V.
1 RJ+R23 1,4 7
- Neu no'i C, D vdi nguon U' = 120V
=>R...^3-^° •R, =12-2,8R, (2) thi U^g = 20V.

2,8 7
Tim R i , R2, R 3 .
IA R3 Bai giai
:' + Circfng do dong dien qua R2:12 -= -^— = 1,. - L . = 1 , 4 - 0 , 5 = 0,9A.
R.
Neu no'i A, B vdi nguon U thi: R3 = = — = 15fi.
I3 2
= 0,9: = 1,^ (3)
^2
R.
^^2 'A
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R 4 : U = ^ =
+ T h a y ( l ) va (2) vao(3),tadirdc: 12 - 2,8Ri = 1 , 8 . ( 5 - R , ) R4 R2
zz> 2,8R, - 1,8R, = 12 - 1,8.5 R, = 30. 30

Cu'dng do dong dien qua Rj: I2 = I3 +14 = 2 +
=^ R2 = 5 - R i = 5 - 3 = 2Q. R,
va R 3 = 12-2,8.3 = 3,6Q.
R3 15R-
5.38. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, nguon Eîen t r d tiTdng diTdng cua R2, R 3 , R4: R234 = R2 + — = R, + —•
R3+R4 15+ R,
U, = 3,6V, U2 = 2,4V, dien trd R, = 12Q,
R2 = 6Q, R 3 = lOQ. U, Ri R2 ti 120
Tac6:l2=HABc^2 + ^ =
Tinh cu'dng do dong dien qua ampe ke' R 234 R, 15R,
2 R, +
V . T -r
2
vk moi nguon. Biet dien trd ampe ke' 2 15 + R-
ratb6.
^ (2R2+30) O5R2_+MlHM = i20
Bai giai. R. 15 + R.
Gia stir chieu dong dien nhifhinh ve:
Ciifdng do dong dien qua R i :
151
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Boi duang hpc sinh gioi V a l ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWHjhang Vi$t
(2R,+30)(R,+30) , 5 41. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = R, =

^ 2 ; ^ j 2 0 => R 2 - 1 5 R 2 - 4 5 0 = 0 4 5 Q , R 2 = 9 0 Q , UAB = 9 0 V . Khi K md
R 2 +15
hoac ddng, cUdng dp dong dien qua R 4
R2 = 30Q; R2 = -15Q < 0 (loai).
lanhirnhau.
Neu noi C, D vdi nguon U ' thi ciTcJng do dong dien qua R,:
20 _ 120 Tinh R 4 va hieu dien the hai dau R 4 . '
0
R.+Rj Rj R,+30 ''''i - tiff'ikO ''^
Bai giai
, Khi K ddng, mach dien du'dc ve nhU hinh a; khi K md, mach dien diTdc ve nhu
<=> R| + 30 = 6R, =^ 5R| = 30 => R, = 6Q. J *
hinh b:
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd la R, = 6Q; Rj = 30Q; R3 = 150.
R, R,
5.40. Cac doan day dong chat, tie't dien nhU' nhau
CO dang thang va ban nguyet du'dc noi nhu" R3
hinh ve. Dong dien di vao d A va di ra d B. ^ D

B
Tinh ti so' c^dng do dong dien qua hai doan
-c
D
day ban nguyet. j,,,:, Hinh a
_ Khi K ddng, ta cd: R4
Bai iîai
Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu sau: Ta cd: ROA = ROB = R
Dat OB = d, ta cd:
+ R()B CO chieu dai la d; RQDB cd chieu dai la — = > RQDB ~ ~~~ • 14 — — — —

R. R4 (R2+R,4)R4
+ RACH cd chieu dai la nd = ^ RABC = nd.
U U I, 90.-î
=> I , = (1) 45+ R 90 30
I4 =
(I)
R^(90+-,1^4^ 3R4+9O R4+3O
U u RQA 45+ R.
l2 =
R AOB o
D ,
~ Khi K md, ta cd: u AB

ÔDB ÔB
ROB I3 = ; UAD - I3R124
R3+R,24
UoB = I2R0B
I4 = ^ A D ^ ^3^124 ^ ÂB-Rl24
7lR
R
U Rl4 Rl4 ^14(^3+^124)
R ODD TtR 90(45+ R 4 )

+R 90.-
90 + 45 + R, 90^
^ +R 2
14= (2)
(45 + R4)(45 + ^ ^ ± M ) I35R4-MOI25
9 0 + 4 5 + R^
u (2)
R(7C+1) r„ 30 90'
T i r ( l ) va (2),tacd:
R4+3O I35R4+10125
T i r ( l ) va (2),tacd: ^ = ^ ^ - 1 , 3 1 8 .
I3 It <=> 90^R4 + 2 4 3 0 0 0 = 405OR4 + 3 0 3 7 5 0 . .
Vay: T i so cUdng do dong dien qua hai doan day ban nguyet la 1,318. o 405OR4 = 6 0 7 5 0 = ^ R4 = 15^:2.
152 153
B6i difing hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
30 2 ^
^ 15 + 30 3 : ; • .;j 1 t ; • f '
# \). Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ' ^ = ^ - ^ ^ = — . i , ;
R^B • R
- H i e u dien the hai dau R4: U4 = I4R4 = | . 1 5 = lOV. '• - ' -m*^
+ H i e u dien the hai dau A , C: U A C = I R A C = — . — = 2 4 V .
Vay: Gia tri d i e n trcf R4 va hieu dien the hai dau R4 la R4 = 15Q va 1)4= j o v R 3
5.42. Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve, UAB = Vay: K h i mac vao A , C von ke chi 24V. ' ''
D 543. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve. V o n ke
; . 132V, von ke V m^c vao A , D chi ^
44V. H o i so chi v o n ke do k h i mac ' (dien trd Rv); mac vao A - C chi 24V; ^ ^
R R R R
. vao A , C. fnic vao A - B chi 12V, m^c vao B - C chi A B C
B a i giai 8V. Coi U A C khong d o i .

^3
R a) Tim U A C , U A B , U B C khi khong m^c von ke.
Neu von ke c6 dien trd rat Idn thi: R
A
b) T i n h R i , R 2 . B i e t R v = 6kQ.
UAD= HAB = 6 6 V ^ 4 4 V B a i giai
2
=> von ke CO dien trd Ry hCTu han. -(v> a) Tinh U A C , U A B , U B C khi khong mac von ke': Coi U A C khong doi nen khi khong
Rv mac von ke U A C = 24V.

- K h i mac von ke vao A , D :
- Khi von ke'mac vao A , B :
2RRV
+ D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A D : RAD = R R
2R + R , + D i e n trd tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach A C : RAC = R2 + '
R,+Ry
+ D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A B :
2RRv 4R^+4R.Ry + Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = .
4R(R + R v )
RAR - RAD + 2R — 1- 2R = ÂC
2R + R, 2R + R, 2R + R,,
+ H i e u dien the hai dau A , B :
132.(2R + R v )
+ CUdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^ UAB = I R A B = ^^c ^ . c - R . ^ . ',1) Vi'.'
R AB 4R.(R + R v )
^ ^ Ri.Ry Rj+Ry R.R^+RyCRj+R^)
. + H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : 2 Ri+Ry *
132.(2R + R y ) 2RRv 66R,
UAD - I R A D - Khi khong m^c v o n ke vko A , B : U ' = IR, = .R,
4R.(R + R v ) 2R + R v R + Ry
66R
o 44 = ^ <o 44R + 44Rv = 66Rv => Rv = 2R. = . £ A B _ RV(RI+R2)
R + Ry U^3 R.Rj+RyCRj+R^)
- K h i mac von ke vô A , C: ^ R ^ R R R
von ke mac vao B , C:
+ D i e n trd tu'dng diTdng ciia doan R,R
E>ien trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan mach A C : RAC = R I +
mach A C :
Rj+Ry
RR, R.2R 2R
RAC — Rv U
R + R„ R + 2R Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^ . ' i
ÂC . r , ' :
2R IIR
+ D i e n trd tiTdng diTdng doan A B : RAB = RAC + 3 R = — + 3 R = •*• H i e u dien the hai dau B , C: U B C = I R B C
154
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi§t
B6i diflng hoc sinh gidi VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu Dong
Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, von ke V i

ÂC R2RV ^ UA(-.-^2-^V 5,44.
R,
R2.Rv ' R 2 + R v RiRz + RyCRi+Rz)
gidng nhau va R, = R2 = Rs-
f i n i so chi cua von ke V2. L
- Khi khong m5c von ke vao B, C: Ug^^ = I.Rj = Bai giai
' 1 2 jvlach dien du*dc ve lai nhiTsau:
U„P_ RyCRi+R;) I3 R3
(2) ^
" ^ U;^^ RjR2+Rv(Ri+R2) U'^^ = 24 - U;,^ (4)
R + R^ R
12 8 _ Hieu dien the hai dau D, B: Uy = l^(R + R ^ ) = + 1 (1)
- Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: — - = Rw Rw
U:,3 24-U:,3
=^ 288 - 12U;,3 ^8U;,3 => U : , 3 = 14,4V. " - Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R2:12 = '1 _
^CDB ^+^DB
- Hieu dien the hai dau B, C khi khong mac von ke: Ug^ = 24 -14,4 = 9,6V
Vay: Khi khong mac von ke thi U ' A C = 24V, U ' A B = 14,4V va U ' B C = 9,6V. Dien trd' tiTcJng diTdng
, -
cua mach, DB:
r^^
R D B = R v ( R + R vv) i . = _Rvv (vR + Rwl
v)
Ry + R + Rv R + 2R,,
b) G i a t r i R , , R 2 " <
Ry(R + Rv) R2+3RR +R2 1 >

R +
R + 2R,
. u.^=^«c,.a=Jf5i- (6)
~ Hieu dien the hai dau C,B:
^'^ R,+R2 R,+R2
U - I R 5(2R + R y ) Ry(R + R y ) ^ 5Ry(R + R y )
(2)
Lay (5) chia (6) ta diTdc: -1,5 ^ R, = 1,5R2 ""2" ' R2+3RR.+Rl' R + 2Ry R^+SRR,,+R?,
^2
+ Ry_ SRyCR + Ry]
Ti)f(l)va (2) suyra: -
"'^ RiR2+Rv(R,+R2) • ^ . Ry R2 + 3RRy + R^
24.1,5R,.6 . I8R2
«12 = ^-^ o l = 2 => R ^ + 3 R R y - 4 R ^ = 0 => (R + R y ) 2 + R R y - 5 R ^ = 0
1,5R^+6.(1,5R2+R2) 1,5R^+15R2
Chia hai ve'cho RI ta difdc: (R + R v ) % _ g _ - 5 = 0
< ^ 1 , 5 R ^ + 1 5 = 18 =^R2 = 2kQ,R, = 3kQ. .u^îb ^ • R^ Rv
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd R,, R2 la R2 = 2kQ, R, = 3kQ. 'îJy + U v - 1 - 5 = 0<::>U^_ + Uv. - 6 = 0 = > U v , = 2 V ; U v , = - 3 V (loai)
^^y: Von ke V2 chi 2V.
157
Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhang Vijt
5.45. Cho mach dien nh\X hinh ve, Bai giai

ba ampe ke' c6 dien ird nhiT -C3- §6' chi von ke' khi m^c vao hai dau R2
nhau. Cac dien trd thuan c6 gia jsle'u von ke'mac vao Ri: ly
trj R gio'ng nhau. Ampe ke A2 Uv 95 19
4. CUdng do dong dien qua Rj: I , = —1-=—1:_= A .
, chi 0,2A. Ampe ke A, chi 0,8A.
Tim so chi ampe ke A. Rj 300 600
i. 1. v'Jt: Baigiai
+ Ci/dng do dong dien qua von ke : 1 ^ =R,
^^.
Mach dien di/dc ve lai nhiT sau:
+ CUdng dp dong dien qua R2:
1 = T1 , + IT v =
r 19 + 9,5 u 19 19 u
600 Ry R.Ry -<=> 600 +- 2R, 300Ry
+ 225
Rl+Ry ' 300+ R,
14
19 . 19 U(300 + R „ ) 19 1 1
- Hieu dien the hai dau E , F: UEF = l2(2R + RA)
600 2Ry 525Ry+67500 2 300 RV 525RY+67500
UEF_0.2.(2R + R ^ )
- Cirdng do dong dien I3: 13 = 19 U
R R (1)
600Ry 525Ry+67500
z:> I , = I2 + I3 = 0,2 +
0,2.(2R+RA)
=0,8
2R + R
^ =3
R>
=1 ¥1
R R - Ng'u von ke' m^c vao R2: TiTdng tiT, ta c6:
R
RTR,
- Hieu dien the hai dau C, D: UCD = I i ( R + R A + REF) + Dien trd tiTdng du'dng toan mach: R = R, + — .
4R^+4RR^+0,8R^ R2+Rv
R-(2R + R A )
<=>UcD = 0,8. R + RA +
3R + R . 3R + R . U
^+ Cirdng do dong dien qua Rj: Ii = —=
R
U ^ ^ ' - ^ ^ ^ ^ A ^ Q ' ^ ^ A ^ I : . ! . Il,-0,S 4R^4RR^+0,8Ri
•I4 =
- C D I
225+R,
R R(3R + R . ) R(3R + R , )
R,R, U 225R,
1,+ Hieu dien the hai dau R2: = I , . — ^ — ^ o U„ =—
6,4R^ + 4 , 8 R R , + 0,8R; ^ „ (8R^+6RR^+R^)
^ ^ = 0,8. ^ R,+ R„ V2 225R^ "225 + R,
R(3R + R A )
300+-
R(3R + R J 225 + R,
3R + R^ R U 19
)=> I = 0,8.(3+1-—) = 3A .225Ry o U„^ 2=- 6 0 0 R r " ' « v = 7 . 1 2 i V .
0,8R(3R + R^) R
XV 3R
^ x+ .R,^ 2 525Ry+67500
Vay: Ampe ke' chi 3A. Vay: So chi von ke'khi m^c vô hai dau R2 la 7,125V. R,
5.46. Nguon hieu dien the U khong doi, mot von ke hai didn trd Ri = 300ft So'chicua vonke' r-T"!-.
R2 = 225Q m^c vao nguon. E)i$n trd tiTcfng diTdng toan mach: *
a) R, noi tiep R2, von ke m^c vao hai dIu R, chi 9,5V. Tim so chi von ke n^'^ R--M2_+R = 300.225 R2
.R.=^+R.
m^c vao hai dau R2. R1+R2 ^ 300 + 225
b) Ri song song R2, ca hai m^c no'i tie'p vdi von ke. Tim so chi ciia von ke. U
Cwdng dp dong dien qua von ke': I = —=
c) Ri, R2, von ke noi tiep nhau, von ke chi 12V. Tim so chi von ke khi Ri, R 900
von ke' mac song song. + R,
158 159
i d i f i n g hoc sinh gidi V g t j y 11, t a p 1 - N g u y i n Phu B 6 n g " Cty TNHH MTV D W I ! K l i , , , , , , Vie!
UR, Bai giai

- Hieu dien the' hai dau von ke': Uy = IRv = (2)
900 §6' chi cua von ke Ian lufdt trong 3 tru^dng hdp la:
+ R,
R,R,
19 U = W = 0 , 6 - ^ = 180
- TOCO suy ra: Rl+Ry
Uv=l2R2v=0.9 - ^ ^ = 180
Rj+Ry
U 9975 o6v air
(3) (R,+ R,)R
900 600Ry = 180
Z ^ R\ R,+ R 2 + R v
9975 1 1
- Thay (3) vô (2), ta duTcJc: Uy = R^ = 16,625V.
R,-+- Ry
600R„ (1)
R,+ Rv 300
Vay: So chi von ke la 16,625V. 1 1 1
-M^.200 <=> (2)
c) So chi von ke khi Ri, R 2 , von ke mac song song R, R2 ^ R2 -+- Ry 200
- Khi [R| nt R2 nt Ry]: 1 1
( R i + R 2 ) R v =360
_ (3)
R,+ R2 -+- Ry
U U
+ Curdng do dong dien qua mach: I = Rj + R j + R v 360
Rj+Rj+Ry 525+ R
1 1 1 1 1
U - La'y(2)-(l),tadirdc:
+ So chi cua von ke: Uy = IRv = -.R,,=12V (4) R2 Ri 200 300 600
525 + R,
1 1
^ R, =
Rj -+- 600
- Khi [Ri // R2 // Ry]: So chi cua von ke la U:
R. 1 1
4275 9975 ) -+ -
+ Tir(3)suyra:U=—+ ' ' Rj 600
2Ry 600 %
]-l 1 1 1
2137,5 R2 - Lay(l)-(3),tadirdc:
R„ = - RJ R,+R2 300 360 1800
U-16,625 -c
Ry R. 1
l|.2137,5 <=>- R,.(Ri+- -)
• + Tir (4) suy ra: -= 12 R , ( R , + R2) 1800 1800 1 1
+
(525 + . . ^ \ l ^ ' i j ( U - 1 6 , 6 2 5 ) Rj 600 ' - Rj 600
U-16,625'
2137,5U R, R R
-= 1 2 » 2 1 3 7 , 5 U = 6300U - 79087,5 =:> U = 19V. ^ ' =77:b-(2 + » 1 8 0 0 = 2R, + ,/.J;„-;i.
525U-6590,625 1800^ 600' '600
)2
Vay: Von ke chi 19V. ^ R , + 1200R, -1080000=^ => R i = 6 0 0 f i
5.47. Hai dien trcl R|, R2, ampe ke va von ke Ian liTcJt mac thanh ba sd do sau. So 1
R,=- • = 300Q.
chi von ke luon la 180V, so chi ampe ke Ian lUdt la 0,6A; 0,9A; 0,5A. Tinh 1 1
Ri, Ra- 600 6.J " • ; •
R. R. R2 ^ ^h- Gia tri cac dien trd la R, = 600 Q va R2 = 300 Q.
C)ay dan CO S = 3,2mm', p = 2,5.10"^nm , c6 d6ng dien I = 4A di qua. Tim
^•^c dien trirdng tac dung len moi electron tiT do trong dSy.
161
Baigiai
50. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve. Dien trd |j
î^jj = R . Ban dau con chay C tai trung
CiTdng do dien triTdng giffa hai dau day dan: •'ri •
iem M N . Phai thay doi vj tri con chay ,,; '
nhi/ the nao de so chi von ke (V) j?
E = H = H = ! ! S . I P ^ E = ^-^'^-^Q" .0,03125 V/m .
d / / S 3,2.10-' hong thay doi khi tang hieu dien the" }
ho (UAB) len gap doi. Dien trd von ke 'h
Life dien trifclng tac dung len moi electron t\i do:
y v6 ciing Idn.
F = e E = i,6.10'^0,03125==5.10-^' N .
B a i giai
5.49. Cho mach dien nhvl hinh ve: No'i
Khi C d giffa, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhiTsau (hinh ve):
A , B vdi nguon hieu dien the UQ. ^
pien trd tu'dng dffdng doan mach AB:
Tim he thiJc lien he giffa R,, Rj, R3 |
de vdi so' 6 dien trd tiiy y, ta luon c6: Uo R. RcN^^ -
RAB = RMC +
-j±=k = h a n g s o ( k > 1). B i R(.^+R RcN+R R+RCN
U: U U(R+RCN)
Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
R AB
B a i giai
- Hieu dien the hai dau R 3 : U n = I3R3; Unî = W R i + R3) Hieu dien the hai dau von kî
U(R + RC^) RR
CN _
URR CN
Uv =
R. R2-R2J^+RRCN R + RCN
RcN
R 1 _
(1) u u
=k -l Uv =
RMC
3n
R. R RcN + 1
-CD- R
I2R2 ' RR R CN R B
CN HZD-
Mat khac: U„_, = I2R2 = l 3 ( R i + R3) => ^3=^^^:
R U
Ban dau: RCN = — = = 0,4U
2--+1
U„_2 = (I2 + l 3 ) R i + I2R2 2
L R ,=
R l 2 ( R i + R2)
(R+, + I3R1
R 2 ) ( R 4 +* R 3 ) + R I ^ 2
U„..2 = l 2 ( R l + R2) + R , + R3
2U
R, + R , Khi U tang gap doi, Uv khong doi nen: Uy = = 0,4U
R R CN
U„.2 (Rr^R7)(Ri+R3)+RiI^2 =
_k
R
1 +1
-+ 1 +- I^CN R
R, R,+ R3
u n-l R^CRi+Ra)
k-i (k-ir % - 5 - = x =^ x - - + l=5 o x ' - 4 x - l = 0 ,
R1 _ 1 R CN
= k-l-- = (k-l)- (2)
R. 1
1+ R
k-1 =^ X = 4,236 = RCN =p,236R = ( V 5 - 2 ) R
R
R, k
-r. Lay (1) chia (2) ta difdc: — - — ^^y: Bi so chi v6n ke khong thay doi khi tSng UAB len gap doi thi con chay
R3 " k - 1
!!!!iiii.tn:yaiR^^=iS-m..
II R, R7 k
V a y : D e ' ^ = l c . h , ^ = l c - . v . ^ = —
163
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vji ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyen Phil D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DWH KhanoViSt
5.51. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ben. Ba
_ U(R^+3RRV+R^) RRy(R+2Ry) _ URy(R + 2Ry)
dien trci R giong nhau, hai von ke' = IRr^p = (1)
R(R2+4RRy+3R^)R2+3RRy+R2 R2+4RRy+3R2
CO C l i n g dien trd Rv, mot tu dien
phang C CO cAc ban hinh chi? nhat; URv(R+2Rv)
dien trd cac day noi khong dang l2 =
RCE R^+4RRv+3R RRy
V R+
ke. Ngirc(i ta dat vao hai diem A, B R+R,
mot hieu dien the' mot chieu UAB =
URV(R+2RV) R+R, URv(R+Rv)
150V khi d6 von ke V2 chi lOV.
R2+4RRy+3R2 •R(R+2Ry) R(R2+4RR^+3R2 )
a) Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia
tu dien bie't rang dien dung cua tu Sochi cua von ke (2): v;
la C = 5.10^F. URyCR+Ry) RR U.Ri
IT =I R =- V
b) Dat mot khoi dien moi dong cha't hinh hop chff nhat c6 dieh tich ddy b^ng i. ^2 ' ""'^ R(R2 +4RR^ +3R2 ) • R + R V " R ^ 4 R R y +3R2
150R,^
dien tich cua ban, c6 chieu cao bang — khoang each gii?a hai ban, ap sat vao o 10 = C:>R^+4RRy+3R?, = 15R?, o iR+2R^f = 16R?,
R^+4RRy+3R^
mot trong hai ban nhiT hinh ben. Hoi dien tich tren moi ban tSng gap may Ian, o R+2Rv = 4Ry R = 2Rv. '.1 1
biet r i n g h^ng so dien moi 8 = 2.
- TirCDsuyra: iÔ-R^-^Ry ^^qy
Bai giai JO'
a) Dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia tu dien
- Bien tich cua tu dien: Q = CU = 5.10'^.40 = 2.10~^C.
- Dien trd tiTcfng du'dng cua mach DE:
b) Sir thay ddi dien tich tren moi ban cua tu dien C, - L
R - -r C,
- Tu diTcfc xem gom 3 tu C,, C2, C3 diTdc ghep nhiT sau: C, T-
1
- Dien dung cua tu itic chi/a diTa dien moi vao:
RR,
- Dien trd ti/dng di/cfng cua mach CE: RCE = R +
R+R V eS eS
=>C,=
RR, 9.10^4nd 9.10\47id 9 10^4^- 9.10^47td 9.10^47cd
Rv(R+ -)
R + Ry _ RyRCR + 2Ry2 2
- Dien trd tiTdng dxidng cua mach CP: RCF = •S
RRv R2+3RRV+^^ e ~- _
R„ + R + -R+R,
^ C2 = 2 2S 2
= 2CQ ; C 3 = = — ijl,;;;
9.10^4^^ 9.10^4;:d
- Dien trd ti/cfng di/dng mach AB: 9.10^47td 2
RRy(R + 2Ry) _ R(R^ + 4 R R v + 3 R ^ )
RAB = R + ^'en dung ti/dng du'dng cua bo tu: C = - ^ £ 2 _ + C , = = Ir
R^+3RRv+Rv R^+3RRv+Rv C,+C, 3 Co+2C„ 2 6 °
U(R^+3RRy+R^) 7
- Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach: I = Q = CoU;Q' = CU = ^
Q 6
R(R2+4RRV+3R?.)
- So chi cua von ke ( I ) : , , Dien tich tren moi ban tu dien tang ga'p — Ian.
6
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khana Vi§t
B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
• Vie't cac phUdng trinh dong dien tai cac nut: E Ivjo = E1^.
Chmende6: MACH CAU D I E N T R d
• V i e t cac phiTdng trinh djnh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va diTa cac
phu'dng trinh ve V M , V N theo V A , V B .
A . T 6 M T A T K I E N THirc
. Chon V B = 0 (UAB = V A ) . Giai he phiTdng trinh de tim V M , V N theo V A .
I. M a c h cau can bang M
guy ra dong dien qua cac doan mach.
Ri Ro
^. Dung phu'dng phap dong dien: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhu" sau:
V
- Dieu kien: —L - - 1 .
R^3. R. _ B
R5
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh hieu dien the' cho cac doan mach theo cac dien trd.
- He qua: V R4
• V i e t cac phu'dng trinh dinh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va du'a cac
+ U , = U 3 ; U 2 = U4. N phu'dng trinh ve dong dien theo cac dien t r d . i>
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh dong dien tai cac niit. Suy ra he thiJc giffa cac
+ I , = I2; I3 = I4; I5 = 0.
R2 R4' dien t r d .
• Suy ra d6ng dien qua cac doan mach va dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua doan
I, R, I. R.
+ Ui + U 2 = U 3 + U 4 . + 1, + I 3 = l2 + l4 = l . mach.
I3 R, ' I , R^
2. Vdi much cdu dien trd chiia tu dien: Ta can ket hdp cac cong thiJc ve tu dien nhif
+ M a c h : (R, // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) : chap M , N .
da biet, chu y la khong c6 dong dien qua doan mach c6 tu dien mac noi tiep.
R,R
M^^3 . + . ^ 2 ^ 4
+ R = Rn + R24 =
C C A C B A I TAP V E MACH C A U D I E N T R d
R,+R3 R2+R4
1. M A C H C A U D I E N TROf
+ M a c h : (R, nt R2) // ( R 3 nt R 4 ) : bo qua R 5 .
6.1. Hinh ben la sd do cau Uyxtdn de do
^ Rl2-R34 _(Ri+R2MR3+R4)
Rx. A B la day dien trd dong chat hinh
RJ2+R34 Rj+R2+R3+R4
tru cang t h i n g , Ro da biet.
R.
I I . M ^ c h cfiu khong c a n bang: D i e u k i e n : Khi di chuyen con chay, tai vi t r i Ig = 0,
R3 R.
AC = /,, CB = h. T i m Rx.
B a i giai
B. NHONQ C H U t K H I GlAl B A IT A P
Khi \ 0, ta CO mach cau can bang: R ^ R C B = RQRAC
1. TrUdc khi fîdi cdc bdi todn ve mach cdu dien trd can di/a vao dieu k i t "
R R R,.pi=Ro.p^ o Rx./2 = Ro./, =>Rx= ^
— = — de k i e m tra xem mach cau c6 can bhng khong. N e u :
R3 R4
R /
- M a c h cau can bang: Ta c6 the bo .qua R 5 hoac chap hai d i e m M va N lai ^Sy: Gia tri cua R , theo /, va U la R^ = —
nhau ta c6 mach tiTdng du^cing: (Ri // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) hoac (R, nt R2) // (R?
'••2' Cho mach dien nhiT hinh vS: R, = 4Q,
R 4 ) . DiTa vao djnh luat 6m va cac tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, soi^^
^2 = 2Q, R 3 = 8!^, R4 = 4Q, R 5 = 2,4Q, ^
song de giai.
^ = 4Q, R^^ = R^^ = 0 , UAB = 48V
- M a c h cau khong can b^ng: De giai cac bai toan v l mach cau khong can
ta CO the: ("^hong do'i).
+ D u n g phUdng phap chuyen tuT mach tarn giac sang mach hinh sao h"^' ^ ' n i so chi cac ampe k e ' k h i :
ngu'dc l a i , chii y mach dien tUdng difdng va cac cong thiJc bie'n d d i . ^Kmd.
+ D i i n g phufdng phap dien the: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhiT sau:
B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Klinn,; Vi§t
Bai giai CiTcfng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 1 ) : I A , = I2"'" ^6 = ^ + ' 2 = 2 0 A .

a) K h i K m d : So chi ampe ke ( 1 ) b i n g 0 , mach dien diTOc ve l a i nhuT sau:
ampe ke ( 1 ) chi 2 0 A .
vay: Khi K dong, ampe ke ( 1 ) chi 2 0 A ; ampe ke ( 2 ) chi 1 2 A .
I B 5 3, Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve.

D
R2
' UAB = 7 5 V , R2 = 2 R , = 6 Q , R 3 = 9 Q .
a) Cho R 4 = 2 Q . T i n h ciTdng do qua CD. ^

b'J i'l lit It f 1 R4
b) Tinh R 4 khi ciTdng dp qua C D la 0. +
c) Tinh R 4 khi ciTdng do qua C D la 2 A .
R,(R, + R,) 2.(4 + 4 )
, D i e n trd tiTdng diTcfng cua R2, R 4 , Re: R246 = ^ = 2 + 4 + 4 ^ ' ''^^ Bai giai
E)i6n trd tu'dng du'dng doan mach A B :
D i $ n trcf Wdng du'dng cua doan mach A C D : 3.9 6R. 6R4
RAB = R l 3 + R24 = — ^ + ^ ^ = ^ = 2,25 +
" RACD = R234 + R 5 = 1 , 6 + 2 , 4 = 4 Q ,
6+R.
R1+R3 R2+R4 3 + 9 6+R4
Xi D i e n trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan mach A D : RAD = '" = =2Q 75
4+4
^l+ÂCD
R AB
Ci/dng dp d6ng dien qua mach chinh: I = =
D i e n trd tUcfng diTdng cua doan mach A B : RAB = RAD + R 3 = 2 + 8 = l O Q 6+R 4
Cirdng do dong d i e n qua mach chinh: I = - ^ ^ ^ = = 4,8A Hieu dien the hai dau A , C: UAC = IR13
-H'^ t. RAB 10 75 168,75.(6+ R4)
UAC = -.2,25 =
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = 4 , 8 . 2 = 9 , 6 V . 13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R ,
2.25.-'*'''
9,6 6 + R.
Ci/dng do dong dien qua R 5 : 1 5 = = 2,4A.
R ACD
I iilV \
Cirdng dp dpng d i e n qua R,: I , = — ^
H i e u dien the hai dau A , C : U A C = I5R246 = 2 , 4 . 1 , 6 = 3 , 8 4 V . R,
Cirdng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 2 ) : h = = = 0,48A . I = 1 6 8 , 7 5 . ( 6 + R 4 ) ]_ _ 56,25.(R4+6)

8
R46
13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R 4 "3 ~ 13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R ,
Vay: Khi K m d , so chi cua ampe ke ( 1 ) b^ng 0 ; so chi ampe ke ( 2 ) la 0 , 4 8 A.
fi?u dien the hai dau C, B : UCB = UAB - UJ AC
i 11,
b) K h i K dong
168,75.(6+ R 4 ) _ 450R
T a c o : R|.R4 = R 2 R 3 = 16 ^ R,* R3 B _^=> U C B = 7 5 -
=> M a c h cau can bSng, • 1—I 1 I 1" I3,5 + 8,25R4 8 , 2 5 R 4 + 13,5

R4
mach dien du'dc ve l a i nhU'sau: "l&ng dp dpng dien qua R2:
- CUdng do dong d i e n qua R(,: 450R. 75R.
Rfi 6.(8,25R4+13,5) 8 , 2 5 R 4 + 13,5
R, 4 '^KhiR, = 2Q:
=> a m p e k e ( 2 ) c h i 1 2 A .
Tac5:I, = | ^ ^ ^ = , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ ^ = .OA.
U AB 48 8 , 2 5 . 2 + 13,5 8,25.2+13,5
_
- Cifdng do dong dien qua R2:l2 = = 8A.
R2+R4 2 + 4 "Tai C: I , = I2 + => IcD = I i -12 = 15 - 1 0 = 5 A .
^^y: K h i R 4 = 2 Q thi ICD = 5 A .
169
B6i dU8ng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguyin Phu B6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVyHJ<hang Vigt
b) Khi IcD = 0: Luc do mach cau can bing nen: 135

6.9 5000• = 0,027A
R,.R4 = R2.R3 ^ R 4 = 2^^3 _
R, Ciidng do dong dien qua von ke (2): RAG
Vay:DeIcD = 0thiR4= 18Q, A
_ = 0,03375A B
c) Khi IcD = 2A: l2 =
Ro 4000
Tai C, ta c6:
+ Trirdng hdp 1: I, = I2 + ICD CUdng do dong dien qua RAC: I3 - =
56,25.(R,+6) 75R. +2 o 56,25R, +337,5 = 91,5R, +27 ÂC ÂC
8,25R4+13,5 8,25R4 + 13,5
u
135
CiTdng do dong dien qua RCB: I4 = R
CB 30000-R AC 30000-R^(.
o 35,25R4= 310,5 => R4=8,81Q.
Ta c6:I| +13 = 12 + 14
Trirdng hdp 2:1, +ICD = I2
56,25.(R, + 6) 75R. o 0,027+ ^ 135 = 0,03375+ 135
+2 = o 72,75R,+364,5 = 75R, AC
30000-R,u^^^yj-^^^Q
8,25R4 + 13,5 8,25R, + 13,5 o 0,027R^c + 135 = 1147,5-0,03375R^c

» 2,25R4= 364,5 R^= 162Q. 50000 R
o 0,06075R,p = 1012,5 => R,^ = RAC _ AC
Vay: De ICD = 2A thi R4 = 8,81 Q hoac R4 = 162 Q. R AB 3
6.4. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, UAB = 270V, dien trd AB c6 gii trj R = 30kD, ÂC = 'U1Z,:) K^^ = - _ _ = _
cac von ke V,, V2 c6 dien trd R, = 5kQ, R2 = 4kQ.
a) Tim so chi cua cac von ke V], V2 khi K md. Tai D: I, + ICD = I2
b) K dong, tim vj tri C de so' chi cua hai von B => ICD = I2 - II = 0,03375 - 0,027 = 6,75.10-Â = 6,75 mA.
Cf Vay: Khi K dong, de so' chi cua cac von ke' bang nhau thi C phai d vj tri sao
ke' bang nhau. Tinh ciTdng dp dong dien
qua khoa K liic nay., AC 1
c) Muon so chi cua cic von ke khong thay doi cho = - , liic do cu'dng do dong dien qua khoa K la ICD = 6,75 mA.
khi K dong hoac md, C phai d vi tri nao? AB 3
d) Khi khoa K dong va C di chuyen tif A den c) Vi tri ciia C de so chi cac von ke khong thay doi khi dong khoa K
B, so chi cua cac von ke thay doi the nao? Cufdng do cua
De so chi dongvondienkequa vonthay
khong ke (1):
doi Ijkhi= K—-dong hoac md thi: .
Bai giai U, = 150V = UAB; U 2 = 120V = UcB
a) Khi K md: Cirdng do dong dien qua von ke (2): = U—
270 R.
Cirdng do dong dien qua von ke' (1): Ii = 'AB _ R
Rj+R^ 9000 = 0,03A. Cudng do dong dien qua RAC: I3 = U,
So chi v6n ke (1): U, = I,R, = 0,03.5000 = 150V. R AC
So chi von ke'(2): U2 = I1R2 = 0,03.4000 = 120V.
Vay: Khi K md, so chi cua cac v6n kd'm 150V va 120V. Cu'dng do dong dien qua RCB: I4 = —— •
b) Khi K dong: Mach dien difdc ve lai nhif sau: R CB
Ta c6:1, + I3 = I2 +14 <=> U i ( - | - + - ! - ) = UjC^^^+^r^)
So'chi cua moi von ke'la: Ui = U2 = -^-^ = 135V . R] RAC R 2 RcB
Cty TNHH MTV D V V H K h a n n Vi$t
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i V j t 1^ 11, tgp 1 - Nguyin PhCi D6n9
Ta co:
1 1 1
» 150( - ) = 120( 12
5000 • R AC 4000 30000 - R AC + UcD= 1 0 - — — . R 4 = 1 o I2R4 = 9 . ( R 4 + 3 ) R^=9i^.
3+R^
120
o 0,03+—=0,03 + « 1,25.(30000-R^C) = RAC 12
^> RÂC_ 3 0 0 0 0 - R AC + UcD=10- -.R. = - 1 .
3 + R.
_ 50000 R A C _ AC _ 50000 ^ 5
o 2,25R^c = 3 7 5 0 0 => R^r
A C "=
R AB AB 3.30000 9
m 1 2 R 4 = l l . ( R 4 + 3 ) =^ R , = 33f^.
V a y : D e so chi cua cac von ke' khong thay ddi k h i K dong hoac m d , C phai d iHr ' I ' M , ' '
AC 5 ^ Vay: K h i K dong, de U C D = 1V thi R 4 = 9 Q hoac R 4 = 33 Q .

vi t r i sao cho
6.6. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve, cac
R
B
d) So chi cac von ke' thay doi the nao k h i K d6ng v^ C di chuyen tU A de'n B ampe ke' c6 cung d i e n trd R A . Bie't | (fi^
ampe ke A i chi 3A, A2 chi 4A. A
G p i R la dien t r d tiTdng diTcfng cua R A C R I , ta c6: — = — + '
R R, RAC a) T i m so chi ampe ke A3, A4 va ci/dng
d6 d6ng dien qua R .
- K h i C d AthiRAc = 0 = > R = Ri.
b) Diet R = 3Q. T i m R A . -= l i . .^ ^
- K h i C d B thi R giam => U i se tang, U2 se giam.
Bai giai
Vay: K h i C di chuyen tir A den B thi U , tang, U2 giam.
a) So chi ampe ke A3, A4 v^ ciTcfng do dong dien qua R
6 . 5 . Cho mach d i e n nhiT hinh ve: U = V . - VnhiT
. hinh ve:
Gia suf cac dong d i e n c6 chieu
12V,R2 = 3Q, R 3 = 5Q.
R, R. R f MM
a) K h i K m d , hieu d i e n the giffa C, D Tac6:
[14=12+13 VD-VB _ V A - V D , V C - V D
la 2 V . T i m R i .
R- R,
b) K h i K dong, hieu dien the giiTa C, IR
DlalV.TimR4.
a) K h i K m d :
Bai giai
® R
Ta c6: UCD = UCA+ UAD= -U, + Uj

D
U 12.R
=Û, = I R , = -.R, » 2= — ! - o 2R, + 1 0 = 12R, => I R = I , - 1 3 = 3 - 1 = 2A; I4 = I2 + 1 3 = 4 + 1 = 5A.
R,+R3 Rj+5
Vay: So chi ampe k e (3) la 1 A , ampe ke (4) la 5A.
o 10Ri= 10 =^ R , = l a . ''^ Gia trj RA
Vay: K h i K m 5 , R i = I f i . Ta c6: UCB = U C D + UJ D B
b) K h i K dong: .1:1
o I K R = I 3 R A + I 4 R A = > R A = TTT = ¥ = •
Ta c6: UCD = UCB + UBD = Uj - U 4
I3+I4 6
u 12
Vay: D i e n trd cua ampe ke la R A = 1 A.
H i e u dien the' hai dau Ry. U3 = -.R, = .5 = l O V . ^ a c l b
1 + 5
Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh ve: U A B = 12V, R , = 5Q, R2 = 25Q, R 3 = 2 0 0 ,
U 12 ra't I d n . K h i hai d i e n trd r noi tiep, von k e c h i U , , k h i chiing song song von
H i ^ u d i ? n the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = -.R. =
R2+R4 3 + R. kS"chiU2 = 3U,.
6i doSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Mguyen Phij Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
a) Tinh r. <E> I l R c B - I3RDB (1)
0
b) Tinh so chi V khi nhanh D B chi c6 ^ R2 Ivlat khac: UCD = UCA + U A D = - U A C + UAD = 0 = > UAC = U A D
B
mot dien trd r. <:i> I I R A C = I3RAD (2)
c) V o n ke dang chi U i (hai r noi tiep). R3 R R (
L a y ( 2 ) c h i a ( l ) t a diTdc: = : mach cau can bang.
De V chi 0 : D ^CB ^DB
- Ta chuyen cho mot dien t r d , do la dien trd nao va chuyen di dau? <=> RAC-RDB — RAD-RCB
- Hoac ddi cho hai dien t r d . D o la cac dien trd nao? V d i : R i = 5 Q , R2 = 2 5 Q , R3 = 2 0 Q , r = 2 0 Q :
B a i giai o R2R3 = 2 5 . 2 0 = 5 0 0 ; R|.r = 5 . 2 0 =100.
H i e u dien the hai dau C , D : UCD = UCB + U B D = U 2 - U D B V a y : D e mach cau cSn bang, ta chuyen r no'i tiep R i , luc do:
U 12 \1_
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a R,: I i = = 0,4A. RAC = R i + r = 2 5 Q va RAC-T = 2 5 . 2 0 = - 5 0 0 . ''
Rj+ K2 J+ ZJ 30 6.8. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e :
H i e u dien the hai dau R2: U2 = I1R2 = 0 , 4 . 2 5 = lOV. UAB = 3 3 V , R , = 2 1 Q , R2 = 4 2 Q ,
U 12 R3 = R 4 = Re = 2 0 Q , R 5 = 3 0 Q ,
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua R3:13 = ^— =
R3+R03 DB R7 = 2 0 Q , Rv rat Idn.
12R a) Tim so chi ciia von ke.

DB U = 10- ™
H i e u d i e n the hai d a u D , B : U D B = ISRDB = CD b) Thay von k e bang ampe ke' A ( R A = 0 ) .
20+R 2 0 + R DB
DB
Tim so chi ciia ampe ke'.
a) T i n h r
B a i giai
- K h i hai dien trd r mKc ndi tiep: RDB = 2r
a) So' chi cua von ke'
12.2r 100-2r
•U, = 1 0 - (1) Dien trd tu^cfng diTdng cua R 4 va Rg: R 4 6 = R 4 + Re = 4 0 f i .
20 + 2r 10+ r
T a c 6 : R , . R 4 e = R2.R3 ^ I , R, M R3 R7
B
12.1 => mach cau can b^ng nen: •—»—p>{
r 2
- K h i hai d i e n trd r m ^ c song song: RDB = - = > U 2 = 10 =3U, I5 = 0 ; U M N = 0 . M a c h dien I
20+- diTcJc ve l a i nhiTsau:
2 R2 R4 R6
400-2r „ , N D
<=> = 3U, (2)
S6' c h i cua v o n k e : U v = U M D = U M C + U C D = U 3 - Ug
40+ r ^
- L a y (2) chia ( i ) . 4 0 Q + 2r 1 0 + r ^ 3 < ^ 4 o o o + 3 8 0 r - 2 r 2 = 3.(4000+20r-2r-) Di0n trd tiTdng diTdng ciia R2, R 4 , Re:
40 + r 100 — 2r ^246 = R2 + R 4 + Re = 42 + 20 + 20 = 82Q
o r ^ + 8 0 r - 2 0 0 0 = 0 : ^ r = 20Q va r = -IOO(Q) < 0: (loai). t B i e n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R,, R3: R13 = R i + R3 = 21 + 20 = 4 1 Q .
Vay:Giatricuarlar = 20fi. 1 R R 41.82 _ 82^

t>i$n trd tiTdng diTdng d o a n m a c h A C : R = ^'^ =
^13+^246 41+82 ~ 3
b) So chi V k h i nhdnh D B chi c6 mot dien trd r
142
K h i nhanh D B c h i c6 m 6 t d i e n trd r t h i : UCD = ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ = ' ^ i $ n trd tiTdng difdng d o a n m a c h A B : RAB = RAC + R 7 = — + 20 = — Q.
3 3
V a y : K h i nhanh D B chi c6 mot dien trd r thi so chi V m 4 V . ^^^ng do d6ng di?n qua mach chinh: I = -HAB _ 3 ^ 3 = ^ A .
c) D i e n trd can phai di chuyen de V chi so 0 R AB 142 142
Ta c6: U C D = U C B + U B D = UCB - U D B = 0 => UCB = U D B
174
B6'\g hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
_ U ^ 2079 77
H i e u dien the hai dau A C : UAC = I R A C = = V . -iTcfng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = A.
142 3 R AND 188.54 376
71
77 _ 231
Cirdng do d6ng d i e n qua l i g u dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = I2R45 = : ^ ' 2 = — V . "\
R 13 71.41 71 94
A- o I 231 231
H i e u dien the hai dau R 3 : U 3 = I1R3 = — . 2 0 = — ^. CifcJng do dong dien qua R 4 : 1 4 = ^ - A.
R4 94.20 1880 >?
67 '
U 1353 33
Circfng do dong dien qua R2: h = = — — = — A . uigu dien the' hai dau R 6 : = IR36 = 10 = V . ' ," , .
' 376 376
376 ' 'i;.:>S.'V-:..:
^246 'l-o^ 14z
J. ... „ T 2750 275 , £;! ~ \
33 330 Ci/cfng dp dong dien qua Re: Ifi = —^ = = A.
Rg 376.20 752
H i e u dien the hai dau Rg: U s = I2R6 = -20 = V. ,
• • 142 71 ,4, 1'..,., a r..\
275 231
S^chicuav6nke':Uv = U 3 - U 6 = — - — = — =4,65 V . Ctfdng dp dong dien qua ampe ke: 1^ = le -14 = = 0,243A .
752 1880
71 71 71
V$y: So chi cua ampe ke la 0,243A.
b) So chf ciia ampe ke
6.9. Cho mach d i e n nhU' hinh ve: UAB = 5V,
Thay von ke'bang ampe ke', mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
cic von ke' c6 dien trd gio'ng nhau, V2 A B
Ri
- c z > chi2V.
M B Timso chi V 3 . " '' "
D
D b) Bi^t Ri = 4,8R2. T i n h Rv theo R,, R2.
R2
HZD- Bai giai
N R5 * R6
T a c 6 : I , = l 2 + l 3 ; I5 = l3 + l4
T a i D : I4 + IA = l6 ^ IA = le -14 VA-VC , VC-VB,VC-VD
D i e n trd tU'dng dufcfng cua doan mach A N D : R, R, R,
RAND = R2 + => RAND = 4 2 + ^ ^ ^ = 42 + 12 = 54n

R . + R, 20 + 30
R2 Ry Rl R, (Y^ R.
D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng cua doan mach A D : /v

ChonVB = 0 = ^ V A = UAB
R,R.
K A.AD=
D — — — ^ R A D = - ^ ^ = 15,12^1
(1)
RI+RAND 21+54 R, Ry
R R 20 20
D i e n trd tiTdng dUdng cua R 3 , Rg: R36 = ^ ^ = ' =10^. ID _ VC-VD,UAB-VD
Rj+Rg 20+20 (2)
R2 Ry Rl
, D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng mach A B :
ch? V 3 : Tir (1) ^ U A B - U 2 = U 2 + U3=> U3 = U A B - 2 U 2 = 5 - 2.2 = I V .
RAB = RAD + R36 + R 7 = 15,12+ 10 + 20 = 4 5 , 1 2 0
^ ^^y: S6' chi ciia von ke (3) \k I V .
U 33 275
A. '•^h theo R,, R2 .w. ,
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^
R 45,12 376
275 2079 Rj Ry Rj
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = — . 1 5 , 1 2 = .
376- 188
Ma Ri // R; < ^ U , = u ;
^ Rj = R ; = 9 f i = * R 2 =30-9 = 2 ] Q .
Tir (1) suy ra: UAB - U 2 = U2 + U2 - VD ^ V p = S U j - UAB = 1 V pien trd Mdng dUdng cua toan mach:
1 1 1 5 1 1 4
(4) _ R,R; , R2R2 , 9.9 ^ 6.21 ^55^
Tijr (3) suy ra: — + — = +^— <=> Ry R2 R.
R2 1
^"^'^ R,+R; R2+R2 9+9 6+21 6 .
Thay R2 = — vao (4) ta diTdc: CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
4,8 R, Rj Ri Rj
AB _ 12,32 1,344
=>Rv= 1,25.4,8R2 = 6R2 1= .6 = 1,344A = I , + l 2 =^ I , = I2 = = 0,672A
AB 55 2 . f.;iii
Vay: Ry = l,25Ri = 6R2.

Ne'u ampe ke A, va A 3 chi ciing gia trj: Ii = I3 =:> I4 = 0
6.10. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve:
=> R'^Ô ^ R; = 3 0 Q
R, = 9Q, R2 = 6Q, R = 30Q, RA = 0,
UAB = 12,32V. So chi cua ampe ke A, va A 3 la: I , = I3 = = = 1,37A.
a) K md, tim so chi cac ampe ke'. R,
b) K d6ng, tim vi tri con chay D de: '+ N6'u ampe ke A2 va A 3 chi ciing gia trj: I2 = I3
- Ampe ke' A 3 chi 0. U , = IjRj = 91
^1
Taco: [^9I,=R;I2 ^ 1 . = ^
- Hai trong ba ampe ke chi cilng gid tri. Tinh gia trj nay. U2=I2R;
Bai giai
a) So chl cac ampe ke': Khi K md, ampe ke A 3 chi so 0.
K2
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ai: I , =
U AB _ 12,32 ^ 308 = 0,82A.
RJ+RJ 9+6 ~ 375
Matkhac: I , = I 2 + I 3 = 21^ = | f =^ =
12,32 154 K2 3
Ci/dng do d6ng dien qua A2: = = 0,41A.
30 R 375 R;I. I ,2R ;
I , = I , + l 3 = I , + l2 = - i ^ «
vay: So chi cua ampe ke Aj la 0,82A, cua ampe ke A2 la 0,41 A, cua ampe 9 3 ^ 9
A 3 la 0. R; 30-R:
O —!- - 1 +1 o R; = 9 9 - 3 R ; R; = 2 4 , 7 5 ^ ^ [I T
b) Vi tri con chay D 9 3
- De ampe ke A 3 chi 0: Khi K dong, ampe ke A 3 V$y: De 2 trong 3 ampe ke chi cung gia tri thi con chay
chi so 0: mach Cau can b^ng: Dphai d vj tri sao cho:
Ta c6: R , R 2 = R 2 R i R; = 9D.; R; = 30Q; Rj = 24,75Q.
R,
o R , ( 3 O - R ; ) = R2R'I o 9(3O-R;) = 6R; ^•^1- Cho mach cau nhiT hinh ve. Cac dien trd: R| = 2f2,
o 15R; = 270 => R; = I S a R^=12«. ^2 = 4Q, R3 = IQ; X la mot varistor (dien trd phi
C I4
^"yS'n) CO dong i phu thuoc vao hieu dien the U
Vay: Con chay D phai d vj tri chia R thinh CD
I3J vao hai dau varistor theo bieu thiJc i = k U l
haidi^ntrd R; = 18Q;R2 = 12Q. A_
(A3)
- De hai trong ba ampe ke' chi ciing gia trj I5
Ne'u ampe ke A] va A2 chi ciing gia trj: Ii = I2

D R2
178 179
Bfli d i a n g UQC sinh gidi Vat ly 1 1 , t$p 1 - Nguyjn Phu Pflng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
a) Ve diTcJng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor. Goi R = — la dien trd tu, R2R3
di ^ R,+ R, R R,(R,+ R,)

Uo = 1 _ 'îv^î
thcJi cua varistor. Co the noi gi ve dien trd nay khi i bien thien tifO den +00 . kR, kR^Rj
b) Biet k = 0,25AA^l NgiTdi ta dieu chinh hieu dien the U,, = UAD de cau c;!,, R
bhng. Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor. Tinh cac dong i , , va hieu die,,
_ Ri(Ri+R;) _ R,
the Uo. Cirdng dp dong dien qua Ri: Ij =
R1+R2 kR2R3(Rj+R2) kR^Rj •
c) Ri, R2, R3 va k CO gia tn bat ki. Tinh Uo de cau can bang. Tinh dong I tron„
mach chinh. Thay X bang mot bien trd R, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Hay neu sir CiTdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = I i +12
giong nhau va khac nhau giffa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay? R, R1 R, R,
=>I =
Bai siai kR^Rj kR^R^ kR2R3 R3
a) Du'dng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor . ^ ^ Khi thay X bang bie'n trd, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Sif giong nhau v^ khac nhau
giifa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciTu trong bai la: *i ..'i.
Ta c6: i = kU^ => U = . , ,
+ Giong: Deu la mach cau dU'dc dieu chinh de mach cau can bang hay
khong can bang.
dj 2Vk' lyfk.^Fi
+ Khac: Cau Uytxtdn: dieu chinh bien trd R c6n hieu dien thS" dat vao hai
Khi i -> 0 thi R -> 00 ; khi i -> co thi R -> 0: dien trd khong phi tuyen. dau doan mach la khong doi; cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay la dieu chinh
b) Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor, tinh cac dong i i , va hieu dien the U,, Uo. ,„ „
6.12. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, (D) la
VI mach cau can bing nen: R,.R = R2R3 => R = =— =2^.
R, 2 mot dien ke".
a) R3 = R4 = R; R, = 2R. Dat A
U^n JU 'iJiii '
Cirdng do dong dien qua X: 1, = — ^ = -U^. R, R.
R Vk.R a -= ^—'-;
; b h=- - —^ . Tim he thufc lien
R, R3
R2 E R3 D R4
he giiJa a va b de khong c6 dong
^ Vk.R k.R^ 0,25.2^
dien qua (D) khi dat vao AC mot
Cong suat tieu thu tren varistor: Px = Ri^ = 2.1^ = 2W.
hieu dien the" khong doi.
Hieu dien the hai dau A,D: Uo = i2(R3 + R) = 1.(1 + 2) = 3V.
R
Un 3 R3 = Rfi; cac dien trd khac bat ki. Dat a = Tim
R. R3+R4 R3+R4
Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua Ri: i , = — = = 0,5A .
Rj+R2 2+4 H ihdc lien he giila a, c va d de khong cd dong dien qua (D). ,^
c) Tinh UQ de mach cau can bhng
Baigiai
RjR
Khi mach cau can bkng: R.Rx = R2R3 =>^x = He thijfc lien he giffa a va b de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) ,
" 1 Be' khong CO dong dien qua (D) thi:
Cudng do dong dien qua R^: I2 = k.U^ = kCIj.Rx)^ ^2 = IiR,=l2R2=^l2= ^ I i =al,

Rj
Hiû dien the dat vao hai dau A, D:
l2R3 = l6R6=>l2=|^l6=bl6 (2)
R-,
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Bai giai
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: I , = -h (3)
a pjgn tich cac tu khi K md, K dong
Mat khac: I4 = I2 + !& = l6(b + 1) (4) j^jii K met, khong c6 dong dien qua cac dien trS n6n: = U^,^ = U .
I3R3 = . « I . = = l6(b-l)lbl, ^ p i g n t i c h t r e n t u C , : Q,= CjU^,^ = 20.10"^50 = 1000 .

(5)
2 2
V a I = I , + l 2 = l4 + l5 (6). pjgn tich tren tu C2: Q^^ 0^^^^ = 30.10'^.50 = 1500^C.
R, R2
Thay (2), (3), (4) va (5) vao (6) ta diTdc:
j ^ i K dong, mach dien nhu" sau: •
u 50
a 2 a 2 + Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = - = lA
R.+R^ 20+30
=> 2ab + 3a = 2b (7)
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R , : Ui = I R i = 1.20 = 20V.
Vay: He thuTc lien he giffa a, b de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) la: 2ab + 3a = 2b
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R2: U 2 = I R 2 = 1.30 = 30V.
b) He thiJc lien he giffa a, c va d de khong c6 dong dien qua (D)
+ Dien tich tren tu C,: Q, = C|Ui = 20.20 = 400 .
Khi khong c6 dong dien qua (D): R , = Re => b = 1.
+ Dien tich tren tu C 2 : Q2 = C 2 U 2 = 30.30 = 900 îC .
Tir (7) suy ra:
2 I Vay: Khi K md, dien tich tren cac tu dien la Q, = 1000 jxC , Q2 = 1500 fxC ; khi
a = - ; tCr (2) suy ra: h = h; ttr (4) suy ra: U = 216, tiT (3) suy ra: I i = .
5 a K dong, dien tich tren cac tu dien la Q, = 4 0 0 , Q2 = 900 îC .
b) Dien Ji/cfng qua R3 khi K dong
Mat khdc: I5R5 = I4R4 + URG ^ I5 = ^^^^"^^^^^
Rc Ban dau K md: Q, = 1000 piC .
_ 2I,R,+I,R3 ^ 2R,+R3^ Sau do K dong: Q, = 400 îC .
(8)
Rc R«
Dien liTdng qua R3 khi K dong: AQ = Q, -Q, = 1000 - 400 = 600 p,C .
I 2R. +R 1 2R4+R3
va I,+12 = 14 + 1 5 0 - ^ +I6 = 2 l 6 + — ^ — - h ^ - + 1 = 2 + ^•14. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve: Ci = C2 = C3 = C, Ri
a R, ^ a R la bien trd, R2 = 600Q, U = 120V.
1 , R3+R4 R4 , 1 c , 1+c Tinh hieu dien the giiJa hai ban moi tu theo R ) . Ap
- = 1+ —i- + _ ± = 1 + _ + _ = 1 +
a Rj R, d d d ' dung vdi R , = 400Q.
Vay: He thifc lien he giiJa a, c va d de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) la ^) Bie't hieu dien the gidi han moi tu la 70V. Hoi R ] c6
1 1+c , thay ddi trong khoang gia trj nao?
- = +1. Bai giai
a d Hieu dien the giffa hai ban moi tu theo R ,
2. M A C H C A U D I E N T R d C O T y D I E N
Cufdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — — = —^——.
6.13. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R, = 200, "2 Ri+600 , .
X c, R2
R2 = 30Q, R3 = lOQ, C, = 20^F, C2 =
R3
Taa c6: U A D = U A C + UCD O I R , = U , + U 3 ( I ) ST
3 0 n F , U = 50V. UDB = UDC + UcB o IR2 = -U3 + U2 (2) ; . .
a) Tinh dien tich cac tu khi K md, K dong. R. C2
- Q i + Q2 + Q3 = 0
b) Ban dau K md. Tinh dien lu'dng qua R3 khi < ^ - C J U A C + C2UCB + C3UCD = 0 - U | + U2 + U3 = 0
K dong. + u - ^ U 2 = U,-U3 (3)
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B6i diiSng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn PhCi D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH viOt
Thay (3) vao (2) ta dUdc: I R 2 = U , - 2U3 (4) Cliuyin de 7:

- ± J | - V + 1 1 - -
T C r ( l ) suy ra: 2IR, = 2U| + 2U3 'wrf'.t* '... (5)
+ DIEN TRd PHU TRONG CAC DUNG CU DO DI|N
L a y (4) cong v d i (5): 3U| = I(2R, + R 2 )
I 40 40(2R,+600) ^ [ T 6 M T A T KI£N THirc
=> U . = - ( 2 R . + R , ) = (2R,+600) =
' 3 ' ^ R,+600 R,+600 R 1
E)e m d rong thang do cua ampe ke' va von ke ngu'di ta mac them sOn (trong
ampe ke') va dien t r d phu R p (trong von k e ) .
H i e u dien the hai dau tu C 3 : A B
I Ampe ke i;
120R, 40(2R, + 600) 40(R,-600)
U3 = I R , - U , = Cau tao: G o m sdn R s m^c song song vdi dien ke G.
R, + 600 R,+ 600 R,+ 600
Cong thufc: G p i I l a cU'dng do dong dien
H i e u dien the hai dau tu C T :
can do, I g la cU'dng dp dong dien qua
40(2R,+ 600) 40(R,-600) 4 0 ( R , + 1200)
U2 =U,-U3 =
dien ke G, I s i a ci/dng dp dong dien qua
Ri+600 R,+600 R,+ 600 sdn Rs-
A p dung vdi R, = 400Q ta diTdc: R.

1= 1+-
^^^40.(2.400.600)^3^^^ 0-40.(400.1200)^^^^ R
400 + 600 400 + 600
40X400 - 600) - Nhan xet: CU'dng dp dong dien can do Idn hdn CU'dng dp dong dien qua dien
400 + 600
V i U3 < 0 nen ciTc dU'cfng cua tu C 3 gin v d i D , ciTc a m ciia tu C 3 g^n vdi C. R I R
ke' Ian nghia la thang do du'dc m d rong l +_ i - =(l+n)lanva
Vay: H i e u d i e n the giOfa hai ban cua cac tu dien la 56V, 6 4 V va 8V.
b) G i d i han cua R i
cang Idn thi thang do cang du'dc m d rong.
40(2R,+600) I I . V 6 n ke'
Ta c6: U j = < 70 (6)
R,+600 - Cau tao: G o m dien trd phu R p m^c noi
Rn
40(R,+1200) tiep vdi dien ke G.
< 70 (7)
R,+600 - Cong thiJc: G p i U la hieu dien the can
do. U p la hieu dien the hai dau dien ke •u„
40(R,-600) u
< 70 (8) G, U p la hieu dien the' hai dau dien trd
R,+ 600
phu Rp.
T L r ( 6 ) s u y r a : 4 ( 2 R , + 600) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
U = u„
=^ R, < 18001:1 (9) R„
g J
T i r ( 7 ) s u y r a : 4(Ri + 1200) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
Nhan xet: H i e u dien the can do Idn hdn hieu dien the hai d a u d i ^ n ke
R, > 200Q (10) R-
lan nghTa la thang do du'dc m d rong = (1+n) Ian v^
T i r ( 8 ) s u y r a : 4 ( R , - 6 0 0 ) < 7(R,+ 600) - R. R„
^ Rj > -2200i^ (11) ^^ng Idn thi thang do cang diTdc m d rong.
Tir(9),(10),(ll)suyra: 200Q < R, < 1 8 0 0 n . Chu y : K h i thang do cua cac dung cu do du'dc m d rong m Ian thi dp nhay cua
Vay: R i c6 the thay do'i trong khoang tii 2 0 0 Q den 1 8 0 0 Q . dung cu do giam m Ian.
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B. NHONG C H O t KHI QiAl B A I T A P

^ 10 = (1 + ^ ) . 0 , 1 = ^ RpF — - 1 =99Q
- Khi sur dung cac cong thifc cua ampe ke va von ke' can xac djnh dung gia i^j
can do (U, I) va gia tri cua dien ke (Ug, Ig). pign trd cua von ke khi do: Rv = Rp + Rg = 99 + 1 = lOOQ.
- Goi n la gia tri mot do chia tren dien ke, X la do lech cua dien ke, ta c6: V$y: Dien trd cua dien trd phu la Rp = 99r2; dien trd cua von ke la Ry = lOOQ.
Ig = nX; Ug = nX Gia tri diing cua R
- Phan biet giila sai so tuyet do'i va sai so tu'dng doi cua phep do: CU'dng dp dong dien qua ampe ke': R
+ Saisotuyetdoi: AI = I I - r i ; AU = I U - U ' I . U,
1 = = 50Q.
^ . AI AU R Rw
+ Sai so tu'dng doi: — ; . •,. 0,15-
R,
W 100 Rv ,
c. cAc B A I T A P vi; D I E N T R d P H V T R O N Q C A C D V N Q cy »o DI|:IH vay: Gia tri diing cua R la R = 50 Q.
7.1. Mot dien ke do diTdc ciTcIng do Idn nha't la 0,1 A. Dien trc( cua dien ke bang 1Q, 7.2, Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Khi R = Ri = 0,99Q kim dien ke G lech 30 vach
a) Muon bien dien ke thanh ampe ke do diTcJc cUdng dp Idn nhat bang 1 A, phai chia dp va cuTdng dp mach chinh (cho bdi ampe ke A) la 0,6A. Khi R = Rj =
; m^c sdn c6 gia tri bao nhieu? Tinh dien trd ampe kg' d6.b)Muon bien dien ke 0,19Q, G lech 20 dp chia, h = 2A.
? thanh von ke do dUdc hieu dien the Idn nhat bang lOV, phai mac them dien a) TinhRg. ^ F©")
trd phu CO gia tri bao nhieu? Tinh dien trd von ke do. b) Tim R2 de kim dien ke' lech mot vach chia dp khi ]
c) De do dien trd R ngu'di ta diing ampe ke va R cu'dng dp mach chinh la 10mA.
von ke' ndi trong hai cau tren, mac theo sd do c) R = 0,047fi, khi U = 2A, kim G lech bao nhieu dp chia?
nhUhlnh ben. Biet ampe kechi 0,15A, von ke' d) De bien G thanh von ke ma moi dp chia iJng vdi I V , ta phai lam sao?
chi 5V. Tinh gia tri diing ciia R. B a i giai
a) Tinh R,
B a i giai
U U ,,,1 1
a) Dien trd cua ampe ke Cifdng dp dong dien qua ampe ke': I = — + — = U ( — + —
De bie'n dien ke thanh ampe ke, ta phai mac them mot sdn song song vifi R R, R R,
Gpi n la gia trj cua mot dp chia:
dien ke: I = (1 + ^ ) 1 o 1 = ( 1 + — ).0,1 => R, = = -Q.
Rc ^ Rc 9 + K h i R = R,: 0,6 = 3 0 n ( — + — )
-1 (1)
0,1 0,99 R/
1
+ KhiR = R2: 2 = 2 0 n ( - ! - + — ) (2)
Dien trd cua ampe ke khi do: R ^ = — 0,19 R,
Rg+Rs i4 '0 1 1
0,99- + R .1 0,2 ^0,2
Vay: Dien trd cua sdn la Rs = ^ Q , dien trd cua ampe ke la RA = j^Cl • => ^ = 0,2 -—+ >R„ = 18,8m
1 1 0,99 R„ 0,19 R,
-+-
0,19 R,
b) Dien trd ciia von ke
De bien dien ke thanh von ke', ta phai mac them mot dien trd phu noi tiep vc" Vay: Dien trd cua dien ke la R =18,8^.
d i e n k e ' : U = (1 + ^ ) . U ^ ^'•n Rj de kim dien ke lech mot vach chia dp
^ ^ ' 1 = 1 0 m A o n A = 0,01Athi oOl = n ( — + — ) (3)

Hieu dien the Idn nhat ma dien kedo diTdc: Ug = 0,1.1 = 0,1V.
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B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vat Iv )1, lap 1 Nguyen Phu r)6ng_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
Lay (1) chia cho (3) ta diTcJc: B a i giai
^) Tinh R;
j(^hi chiTa mac them dien trd S: Gpi n la gia tri moi dp chia tren G, ta c6:
Q,;,, _L _L R2 18,81 0,99 18,81 ; j<,., 1=.——=32n (1)

^ R+2R^
fîi m^c them dien trd S: -
R2 2.0,99 2.18,81 18,81 209 ^ U U, U " 1 2 , 5 n R rR +S)

I — — — = -
Vay: De kirn dien ke lech mot vach chia do thi R2 = 2,09 Q . R,S R. R .S R S
R+^—+R, ^ R + - ^ + R „ 8
c) Kim G lech bao nhieu do chia R„+S 2 R„+S 8
_U 12,5n ^
K h i R = 0,047QthilA=2A: 2 = n ( — ! — + — ) (4) (2)
1 0,047 Rg (R +R).(R +S)H-R .S 8 , ' «..\'-(!:.
g g g , „ . ^ ^
(R + R J . ( S + R J + R S
_ Lay (1) chia cho (2): § ^ ^ = 20,48
U y (1) chia cho (4): 0,3 = ^ ( — ^ ) => X = ° f =5 R + 2R • •
X ^ +± o,3(-i- + ~ ) o (2 + Rg).(8 + Rg) + 8Rg =20,48.(2+ 2Rg)
0,047 Rg 0,047 18,81
o 16+18R +R^ = 40,96 + 40,96R^ o R^-22,96R-24,96 = 0 => R = 24Q
=> kirn dien ke lech 5 dp chia.
d) Cach bien G thanh von ke Vay: Dien trd moi dien ke la Rg = 24 Q . W
De bie'n G thanh von ke, ta mac noi tiep G vdi mot dien trd phu Rp. Liic do: b) Gia trj moi dp chia cua G: Vdi U = 3,2V thi tif (1), ta c6: * * '
T i r ( l ) s u y r a : 0,6 = 30n(—!—+—) ^ n= — =0,01881 n= = ^ =2.10-'A = 2 m A '

0 99 R 1 1 32(R+2Rg) 32(2+2.24) : vs^
^'^^ g 30( — + — ^ )
0,99 18,81 Vay: Gia trj moi dp chia cua G la n = 2 mA. :
Trirdc khi mac them Rp, moi dp chia uTng vdi 0,0188IV; sau khi m^c them Rp, c) chi cua dien k ^ )l
moi dp chia iJng vdi I V : ,.. N6'u mach chi con R, G va S mac song song vdi G thi:
T C r U ^ C l + ^ j U =*Rp =:R„( — - 1 ) = 18,81( ! l ) = 981,19n. I = ^ — - = X.n (3), (vdi X la dp lech cua kim dien ke).
' Rg' 8 P Ug 0,01881
R+—^ '
Vay: De bien G thanh von ke phai m^c them dien trd phu Rp = 981,19f^ no' g
tiep vdi G. TA- X R + 2R„ 2 + 2 24
7.3. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, UAB khong ddi, R = 2Q, hai dien ke' gio'ng nha^' Uy (3) chia cho (1): — = ^ X = 32( ^ ^ ^"^^ ) = 200.
kim cua moi dien ke' lech 32 dp chia. M^c them dien trd S = 8Q song son? 32 . R,.S \8
R + _R_+i S_ 2 + -24 + 8
vdi mot trong hai dien ke', kim dien ke' do chi lech 12,5 dp chia. 6
a) Tinh Rg. f R ^ Vsiy: Dien ke lech 200 d6 chia.
b) U = 3,2V. Tinh gia trj moi dp chia cua G. ^ * ^ (£y~ M6t di^n ke nd'u lin \Mt m^c them sdn si, S2 thi gik tri mSi dp chia tSng Ian
c) Neu mach chi con R va mot dien ke ciing vdi S mac song song dien ke tW Ih ni, n2. Hoi gia tri moi dp chia ciia dien ke' t3ng bao nhieu Ian, neu
chi cua dien ke la bao nhieu? ^^P^ng ca hai sdn:
noi tiep b) M^c song song.
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B a i giai Hoi khi sCf dung cac dau B, C thang do tang bao nhieu Ian. ,^ , ;
pign trd dien ke la Rg. Tinh R,, R2. . , ;:
Khi m^c them sdn Si thi gia tri moi do chia tang ni Ian:
B a i glai
, — = 1+-A = n , =i> —^ =n.-1 (1) ! ichi suf dung dau vao la A, dau ra la B thi mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhir sau:
eo sd do nay Rj la sPn nen:
Khi mj(c them sdn S2 thi gia trj moi dp chia tang na Ian: ^
R2+R,
I. h '^2 r ^-^
I R I i = l g 0 - - ^ )
1, ^ — — 11-,
^ = 1+_L = n =>-^ =n,-l (2) B
^ = l . ^ . n .
-ay
a) Mac noi tiep
I„ R,
Khi m^c si noi tiep sj thi gia tri moi dp chia tang:
=>Ri+R2+Rg =n,R, (1) R.
_L = i+^ = n 3 (3) _ Khi siir dung dau vao la A, dau ra la C thi mach dien di/cJc ve lai nhiTsau:
Theo sd do nay R2 la sdn nen:
La'y(l)cpng(2): R ( - + — ) = n,+ n 2 - 2 (4) R.+R„ I2 ig

s, S2 l2=Ig(l+-4r-^)-
R2
Lay (1) nhan (2): — ^ = (n, - I X n j - 1 ) (5) I R,+R
i"'"g _
"l^2 I = n.
R.
Lay (5) c h i a ( l ) :
Rg _ (n^-m^-l) ; =>R,+R2+R =n2R2 (2)
Sj+Sj n,+ n2-2
a) Khi dung dau vao la B, dau ra la C, ta c6: I2 Ig
(n,-l)(n,-l) n,+n,-2+n,n,-n,-n,+l n,n2-l
; Tir(3)suyra:n, = 1 + ' ' ^ ^ ==> n , = ' \ ^ =-^"^ Theo sd do nay [R, nt R2] la sdn nen:
. "i+na-^ n,+n2-2 n,+n2-2 B
R
^ n.Hj —1 ,A-
Vay Khi hai sdn m^c noi tiep, gia trj moi dp chia tang len = ^ ^^ - 'an.
J ^ R. R2
b) M^c song song " ' " ' R ^ " " ^ = > R , + R 2 + R g = n 3 ( R , + R2) (3)
Khi m^csi song song S2: - ^ - 1 + R , ( — + — ) = n . (6)

_ n2R2
(1), (2) suy ra: njR, = nzRa => R, = (4)
L a y ( l ) c 6 n g ( 2 ) : R „ ( — + — ) = n. + n 2 - 2 a, = 1 + n, + nj - 2 = ni + na
8 Si S2 TCr(2),(3)suyra: n2R2 = njCRj+Rj) = n 3 ( ^ ^ + R 2 ) = n j C ^ + D R
Vay: Khi hai scJn m^c song song, gia trj moi dp chia tang len 114 = nj + n: - ' n
7.5. Mot ampe ke c6 m^c hai dien trd phu ^ ni + n T

n.n-,
•iiii'i
Ri B n2 = n 3 ( - i — =
n,+n2
Ri, R2 nhiT hinh ve. Khi sit dung dau A, ^
B thang do (so vdi khi khong c6 dien trd ^ ^ R2 ^^^y: Khi sur dung cac dau B, C thang do tang len = "'"^ Ian.
phu) tang ni Ian. Khi dDng dau A, C ni+"2
thang do tang n2 Ian.

IQO 191
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguySn Phil D6ng
r,+ r2+r3+r^
b) Tinh R,, R2 He'u noi chot O va 4: = (1 +
R.
Thay (4) vao (1), ta diTdc:
ri-^r2 + r3+r,^^^^
•^^^^+R2+R = n,."^^^ <=> n2R2 + n|R2 + niRg = niUiRz o 300 = (1 + (4)
n 10 ,
f i r (1) suy ra: r, = (15:0,3 - 1).10 = 490Q.
< = > R 2 ( n i n 2 - n i - n2) = n i R g O R2 = XCr (2) suy ra: r, + r2 = (75:0,3 - 1). 10 = 2490 r2 = 2490 - 490 = 2000Q.
n,n2-n(-n2
Xtf (3) suy ra: r, + r2 + r j = (150:0,3 - 1).10 = 4990 ^
n.Rg r3 = 4990 - 2490 = 2500Q. ,;
_ "2
TCr (4) suy ra: R, =
n, iijnj-rij-nj n|n2-nj-n2 t a; - i l n (4) suy ra: r, + r2 + r j + r4 = (300:0,3 - 1).10 = 9990 ;•'
n,R =:>r4 = 9 9 9 0 - 4 9 9 0 = 5000Q.
V a y : Gia tri cac dien trd R,, R2 la R, = ^ — ; R2 = Vay: Gia trj cac dien trd la r, = 4 9 0 0 ; r2 = 2 0 0 0 Q ; r j = 2 5 0 0 0 va u = 5 0 0 0 O .
"i"2""r"2 njn2-n[-n2
7,7. M i l i a m p e ke c6 ca'u tao nhu" hlnh ve.
7.6. V o n ke c6 ca'u tao nhiT hinh
Dien ke' c6 Rg = 4 0 O chju dU'dc cu"dng do
ve. D i e n k e c6 dien t r d Rg = I \
2mA. M d y do c6 cac thang do I i =.10mA,
lOQ, chiu diTdc ciTdng do R3 R2 1 R,
l2 = 30mA, 1.,= 100mA.
'5 ' 30mA. V o n ke' c6 cac thang do 1 0 i 4 1
rimR|,R2, R3.
15V, 75V, 150V, 300V. T i m r,, |
Bai giai 0
12, fa, U.
Bai giai Cirdng do dong dien toi da qua ampe ke': I = ( 1 + — ,
H i e u dien the t o i da giCTa hai dau dien ke: Ug = IgRg = 0,03.10 = 0,3V.
R < Neu noi vcti chot (1) thi sdn gom [R, nt R2 nt R 3 ] :
H i e u d i e n the t o i da giffa hai dau von ke: U = ( 1 + — ^ ) . U ^ .
R 40
R 6 ;v
I, = ( 1 + ).I o 10 = (1 + ).2
R1+R2+R3 R,+R2+R3
N6'u n6'i chot O va 1: U , = ( l + ^ ) . U g . 40
R,+R,+R, = = 10 (1)
1 2 3 10
1A
15 = ( 1 + - L ) . 0 , 3 2
(1)
10 Neu noi vdi chot (2) thi sdn gom [R2 nt R 3 ] : :„ 1
N e u noi chot O va 2: U , = . R„+Ri 40+R, 40+R

h =(^ + J „ ) - I „ < ^ 30 = (1 + !-).2 «
R2+R3 ^ R2+R3 R2+R3
=>R, - I 4 R 2 _ ]4R3 = _ 4 0 (2)

o 75 = ( l + ^ i ^ ) . 0 , 3 (2) 4-
Ne'u noi vdi chot (3) thi sdn la R3:
N e u noi chot O va 3: = (l+î^^^^^).Ug R +R,+R2 40+R,+R,

I3 = ( i + _ L _ J 100 = (1 + ^ ^).2 v
g R3 R3
^ 4 0 + R , + R - 100
oi50 = (l+iili^).0,3 (3) ^ ! ^ = 1 = 49 R , + R2 - 49R3 = - 4 0 (3)
R3
6i doSng hoc sinh giSFVat ly IT, Tap 1 - iviguyen Mnu-pnnr Cty T M H H ' M T V D W H Khang V i ^ t '
Rj+Rj+Rj^lO [RI=6,67Q rptn R i ' R2

- Ta c6 he: • R , - I 4 R 2 - I 4 R 3 = - 4 0 = > JR2=2,33Q R.+R,
c6: f = \
[R,+ R2-49R3 = -40 [R3 = 1 Q R.
Vay: Gia tri cac d i e n trd R,, R 2 , R 3 la Ri = 6,67 Q ; R 2 = 2,33 Q ; R 3 = 1 Q . l+R 2 _

= 99
7,8. A m p e ke c6 cafu tao nhiT hinh ve. ^ ^ 0,01 R, R,
Neu sur dung hai chot A , B thi gia trj

moi do chia cua ampe ke la l A ; ne'u
sur dung hai chot B , C thi gia tri m o i Ri h ^2
do chia la 0,25A. l+R, l+R
1=24 (5)
a) T i m gia trj m o i do chia khi dung hai chot A , C. 0,01 R- R.
b) B i e t dien trd dien ke g = I Q va gia trj m o i do chia khi khong sijr dung dien trci 99Ri - R 2 = 1 R, =0,0105^
Tir(4) va (5) suy ra:
, phulaO,01A. T i m R i , R 2 .
R,-24R2 = - 1 R2 = 0,042n • '• 'in.-
Bai giai
a) Gia trj m o i do chia khi siir dung hai cho't A , C Vay: Gia trj cac d i e n trd R , va R2 la R , = 0 , 0 1 0 5 Q va R2 = 0 , 0 4 2 Q .
R 7.9. tim cu'dng dp dong dien qua dien trd R = 7 5 Q , '

Cirdng do dong dien qua ampe ke: I = (1 + — ^ ) . I g . 4 ngi/di ta mac noi tiep vdi R mot ampe ke (RA = 1—(A^
& »••--' *— - J ' . ' 5Q). Biet UAB khong d d i . T i m sai so tUPng do'i
R +R2 cua phep do khi coi cu^dng dp qua R tru'dc va sau
Neu sijrdung chot A , B thi: I j = (1+-^ (1)
R, khi mic ampe ke' nhU' nhau.
B a i giai
Neu siir dung chot B , C thi: = (1+-^— (2)
Ri Cirdng dp dong dien qua R khi chu'a mifc ampe ke: I = — . , j , ,^
R
Neu si3f dung chot A , C thi: I3 = (1 + (3) U

CiTcfng dp dong dien qua R khi mac them ampe ke: I =
R.+R, «
R+R
Sai so tu'dng do'i cua phep do ci/dng dp dong dien qua R :

1+
R. U U _
Ta c5: = ^ = 4 o = 4
0,25 R. AI I - I' R R+ R R.
A _ .11 •
1 + I I U R(R + R , ) R + R
R
Goi n la gia trj m o i dp chia khi sur dung hai chot A , C: ;/.ii!,i:;j;;ia.-;
AI
= 0,0625 = 6,25% . 'iii4 i/i^-i I1 1 k
1 + I 75+5
I3 _ n _ R1+R2 _ R,
"2 _ 1 1 = 0,2A'
>n = 0 , 2 5 .
0,25 R,+ R2 1 1,25 ^^y: Sai so' tiTPng d o i cua phep do la y - = 6,25% .
1+ + 1 +1
R-2 R.
. -^2
Vay: Gid trj m o i do chia khi suf dung hai cho't A , C la 0 , 2 A .
195
9i6i V$t ly 11. t?p 1 - NguySn Phu £)6ng
Cty TIMHH IVITV DWH Khanr, \/ia»
7.10. Do R theo hai each nhif hinh
(1) (2) j^jgu dien the hai dau R2: U2 = IR2 = 0,75.100 = 75V.
ve, so' chi cua cac may do
R Vay: Hieu dien the" hai dau R2 la U2 = 75V.
trong cac triTdng hdp: .B
Gia trj Rv de sai so' tUdng do'i khong qua 1 %
(1) la I , = 2,06A;U| =49,6V.
(2) la l2= 1,49A; U2 = 50V. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I -
•I .
Tim R , RA, RV- Biet UAB khong ddi. R
.i
B a i giai u 120 120
= 0,8A
49,6 2480 R,R 100.900 60+90
- Trircrnghc}p(l): (1) R.+ 60+
I, R+Rw 2,06 103 ' Rz+Ry 100+900
Hi6u dien the hai dau R2: U2 = I . R . R v

50 5000
- Trirdng hdp (2): 1 =R+R = (2) ^ ^ = 0,8.90 = 72V .
149
1,49 Rj+Ry
RR, 06 chinh la so' chi cua von ke'.
- Matkhac:U2 = U A B n e n : U A B = Ii(RA+ • — ^ ) = U
R+R. U-U' AU 7 5 - U '
Sai so tu'cfng doi: = • U ' > 74,25V.
=> = 75 <0,01
RRv U, 50 2500 U U u
R.+ - — - (3) Hieu dien the'hai dau R2:
R+R, I, 2,06 103
U•ÂB '-ÂB-'^2^V
- La'y(3)trtr(l): R = ^500 _ 2480 ^ ^ R+A^y, Ra+Ry R,R2+Rv(Ri+R2)
103 103
Rz+Ry
5000
- Thay RA vac (2): R = -0,194 = 33,36^. 120.100.R, 12000R,,
149 o 74,25 <
60.100 + Ry(60 + 100) 6000+160R,
33,36R V _ 2480
- ThayRvao(l):
103 O l 2 0 R v > 445500=>Rv >3712,5Q.
, 33,36 + Rv
Vay: De sai so tu'dng doi khong qua 1 % thi Ry > 3712,5Q.
956,08Rv = 82732,8 =^ Rv = 86,53 Q.
^•12. Cho mach dien nhu-hinh ve, UAB khong do'i, biet RA, Ry
Vay: Gia trj cac dien tr3 R = 33,36 Q; RA = 0,194Q; Ry = 86,53 Q.
"'1 •
Tinh gia tri dung cua R^ d moi each do.
7.11. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: R, = 60Q va R2 = lOOfi m^c noi tiep vao AB,
"Rnh sai so" tu'dng doi d (1)
UAB = 120V (khong doi). (2)
•ôi each theo R^, RA, R V A ^ B A R« B
a) Tinh U2.
R. •^hi coi gia tri dien trd la ^ ® 3-
b) M^c von ke Rv = 900Q vao C, B, tim so chi
h i - U
von ke' va sai so tiTdng doi khi cbi U2 bkng so'
R2 I
chi von ke. De sai so tiTdng doi khong qud 1%
thi Rv phai la bao nhieu? ' '^'li Rx tang, xet su" tang giam cua cac sai so tren va rut ra y nghTa thiTc te.
B a i giai ^'"1 Rx theo RA, RV de hai sai so tren bang nhau, xet khi R A « R V
a) TinhU2
U
'^•a tn dung cua R ,
120
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua mach chinh: 1 = = 0,75A.
R,+R, 60+100 "^•"^^nghclpd): - =
I R„+Rw R,.Rv u R. R^
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi«t
Bfli dugng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
1 U.R V _ U R^+VR^4R^RV R A + V ^ R A R V _ RA , /Firrv-

I.Rv-U j _ U =>Rx = 2 ~ 2 ~ ^NÂRV
U R. R„
v a y : De hai sai so bang nhau thi =—+,/R^R^.» kf i t ' ;
Trirdng hcJp (2): = R^+R^ R^ = y - R^ .
b) Sai so tiTdng do'i d moi each theo Rx, RA, RV
Sai so tiTcfng doi d moi each: ^ :>.ti:i
U 0iuyin de 8:
+ Cach l : T i n h g a n d i i n g R x : = J- CONG VA CONG SUAT CUA DONG DIEN
yl.XbM T A T RIEN THLTC A
R. RX 1, Cong va cong suat cua dong di^n trgn rngt doan mach M't ki (kj ! •
Ma R = -
! 1 ' - => • 1 i , Cong cua dong dien: A = Ult. , i : .„,uv ..tx....- .iv.i.ijp j r ^ i
" I R'„ Rx Rv
- + - too \
U R, R'x Rv ^1^' Cong suat cua dong dien: P = — = UI.

R, 2. Nhi^t lufcjfng va cfing suS't tidu thy bdi doan mach chi toa nhj$t <
AR Rv IT2
X _ 1 _
R. 1 1 R, - NhietlUWng: Q = A = UIt = R I ^ t = — t . i|
Rx Rv R, Rw R„ R
t R
- Cong sua't nhiet: P = ^ = U I = RI^ =
+ Cach 2: Tinh gan dung R^: R, = iL. '"^^ ' - Ddn vi cua A va Q c6 the la J, kWh hoac cal (calo) vdi:
+ l k W h ( s o c h i c 6 n g - t d d i e n ) = 3.600.000J = 3.600kJ.
AR
X _
I I A _ R^ + IJ = 0,24 cal; leal = 4,18J.
R, - Cac dung cu chi toa nhiet thudng gap la bong den, ban la, be'p dien,... Cac
dung cu nay hoat dong binh thu'dng khi hieu dien the dat vao hai dau dung
Vay: Sai so Wdng doi theo each I la AR X _ . t V/, 1 (•
cu bang hieu dien the dinh miJc (ghi tren dung cu), luc do dong dien qua
R.
R„ dung cu bang dong dien djnh muTc va cong sua't tieu thu ciia dung cu bang
jjlpl: cong suat dinh miJc (ghi tren dung cu).
sai so tiTdngdoi theo each 2 la =— . ;
Rx Rx / ^ - N H O N Q CHLF Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
c) Tim Rx theo RA, Rv Eîen trd cua cac dung cu chi toa nhiet (den, ban la, bep dien, a'm dien...)
De sai so tiTdng doi nho thi: neu Rx Idn ta dung each 2; neu Rx nho ta diing each ^Wc tinh bang cong thiTc: R = (Udn„ Pdm la cac gia trj djnh miJc cua
Hai sai so tren bang nhauR.thi: R
R. ^«RX-RARX-RARV=O dung cu thu'dng di/dc ghi tren dung cu) hoac c6 the di/dc tinh bling cong thiJc
R. Rx+Rv R I
1 + R.
S
too
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vjt 1^ 11, t$p 1 - IMguyIn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vjgt
- Neu khong bo qua siT thay doi dien trd cua dung cu theo nhiet dp thi ckn ch^j Bai giai
y den cong thifc: R = Ro(i + a t) khi xdc dinh dien trd cua dung cu. 2 .
QQng suat tda nhiet cua day nikelin: P| = Ril = Rj
- Khi Sit dung cac dung cu chi toa nhiet de dun nong cac vat can chii y: f R1+R2
+ khi cac vat bi dun nong, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat do la: Q = mc
(m la khoi lU'dng cua vat, c la nhiet dung rieng cua cha't lam vat. At la (jg QQng sua't tda nhiet cua day nicrom: P2 = R2I = Rj •
R1+R2 t'"' -'
tang nhiet dp ciia vat).
+ khi cac vat bi nong chay, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat la: Q' = Lm (L
la nhiet nong chay cua cha't lam vat). R2. ^ \ 4,7.1Q'\ 2.10"^ _g '
A' ^ ^\ 'i 0,5.10"^ '4,4.10-^1 ~
Pi
- Cong thiJc tinh hieu sua't: H % = —.100%, A ' la cong c6 ich va A la con? s,
A ^
Vdy: Day nicrom se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu ga'p 8,55 Ian.
loan phan.
8.3. Be'p dien diing vdi nguon U - 220V.
- De giai quyet cac bai toan ve ciTc trj cua cong suat ta thU'dng suf dung he qua
a) Neu ma'c bep vao nguon 1 lOV, cong sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian?
cua bat dang thiJc Co-si:
b) Muon cong sua't khong giam khi mac vao nguon 1 lOV phai mac lai eupn day
+ Hai so dUdng a, b c6 tich ab = const thi tdng (a+b) = (a+b),„i„ khi a = b.
b^'p dien nhu" the nao?
+ Hai so du"dng a, b c6 tong (a+b) - const thi tich ab = (ab)„,ax khi a == b.
Bai giai ^'^
C . C A C B A I T A P V E CONG V A CONG S U A T CUA DOING DIEIN
a) C6ng sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian
8.1. Bong den cong suat 60W c6 day toe bang vonfram (he so nhiet dien trcl a =
4,5.10 'dp '). Nhiet dp khi chay sang la 2800°C. Tim cong suat den ngay luc - Khi mac be'p dien vao nguon U = 220V: P = Hi
viTa bat den. Nhiet dp phong la 20°C.
Bai giai - Khi mdc be'p vao ngu6n U, = 1 lOV: R=}S-^^ =^ = 11^ = i
Gpi Ro la dien trd ciia den d 0°C. , ' R P 220^ 4 "
- Dien trd cua den khi chay sang (t|=2800°C) la: R i = R o ( l + a t , ) . ,] VSy: Neu mac be'p vao nguon 1 lOV tW cong sua't cua be'p giam di 4 Ian.
- Dien trd ciia den liic viTa mdi bat d nhiet dp phong (ta = 20°C) la: Cdch mac lai cupn day be'p dien: Muon cong sua't khong doi thi dien trd phai
R2 = R o ( l + U t 2 ) .
gi^mdi41an: R ' = — = - ^ - ^
- Cong suat cua den khi chay sang: P , = — = =60=:>—=60(l+at,) 4 R R
—+ —
; ' ^ ' R, Ro(l+at,) Ro
2 2 ^--i''
- Cong suat cua den liic mdi bat: Pj = ây: Phai mac song song hai nijra day dan.
R2 Ro(l+at2)
Ngirdi ta dung nicrom lam mot day be'p dien. Nicrom c6 he so nhiet dien trd
^ p _ 60(1 -fat,) ^ 60(1 +4,5.10-\2800) « = 2.10V, dien trd suat.d 20°C la p = l,l.IO"'^Qm. Day be'p dien c6 tiet
^ l+atj 1+4,5.10-\20 ^'^n S = 0,25mm^ tieu thu mot cong suat P = 600W khi mdc vao nguon U =
Vay: Cong suat cua den luc viTa mdi bat la P2 = 748,6W. '20V va nhiet dp day be'p dien luc nay la 800°C. Tim chieu dai cua day.
8.2. Day nikelin (dien trd sua't p = 4,4.10"^Qm), chieu dai l m , tiet dien 2mnr Bai giai
day nicrom (p = 4,7.10~^Qm), chieu dai 2m, tiet dien 0,5mm^ mac no'i ti'-P ^^•ig sua't tieu thu cua day be'p dien: P = — = =
R / p,(l+aAt)l
vao mot nguon dien. Day nao se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu gap may Ian
200 201
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Pliu Uuny Cty T N H H M T V D W H Khang vi§t
U^S 120^0,25.10" ^•^ So vong day bep dien

=> / = = 2 -A = 4,1m.
P.p,(l+aAt) 600.1,1.10"^.(1+2.10"'*.780) U U^S
. pien trd cua day bep dien: R = = p - =^ / =
' Vay: Chieu dai cua day la / = 4,7m. P S P.p
8.5. NgiTdi ta mic noi tiep mot day chi trong mach dien. Chi c6 nhiet dung ri^
Goi N so vong day bep dien: / - N.2nr o N.ln.T =
c = 120J/kg.do, dien trd suat p= 0,219.10"'^Qm, khoi liTdng rieng D = 1 Pp
kg/m\t nong chay 25000 J/kg, nhiet do nong chay 327°C. U^S 120^71.(0,1.10-^)^
Day chi c6 tiet dien s = 0,2mm^ nhiet dp 27°C. N = — = 30(vong)
27t.r.P.p 271.0,02.600.4.10"
Biet rang khi doan mach cifcfng do dong dien qua day la 30A. Hoi bao \}^^
Vay: So'vong day bep dien la 30 vong. '' ' ' <' i
sau khi doan mach thi day chi diJt? Bo qua siT toa nhiet cua day chi ra ingj
8.7. Bep dien mac vao nguon U = 120V. Tong dien trd ciia day noi tif nguon den
tru'dng va su" thay ddi cua p theo nhiet dp.
! bep la IQ. Cong sua't toa nhiet tren bep la l , l k W . Tinh cu^dng dp dong dien
Bai giai
qua bep va dien trd cua bep.
Nhiet lu'png toa ra tren day dan: Q = Rl^t.
Bai giai u
Nhiet lirpng can thiet de nang nhiet dp day tCf 27°C len 327°C: Q, = mc At.
Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu'sau:
Nhiet lifpng can thiet de day chi d nhiet dp 327°C bj dift: Q2 = mX.
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
U HID C
T a c 6 : Q = Q,+Q2 .r-, u ^ r R R
R+R,
'.j,."S iti. ' »1 ti , V i tj.
o Rl^t = mc At + m J i O p - I ^ t = D.S.l(cAt + ?i) o pl^t = DS^cAt + X)
Hieu dien the hai dau cua be'p: Ub = Rbl = URb
R+Ru
DS^(cAt + >i) 11300(0,2.10-^)^(120.300 + 25000)
t= = — = 0,14s
U.R. 1 U^R,
Pr 0,219.10-^30^ Cong sua't toa nhiet tren be'p: P = — = (
R. R+R Rb (R+RJ'
Vay: Thdi gian de day chi bi dii't !a t = 0,14s.
8.6. Bep dien noi vdi hieu dien the U = 120V c6 cong suat P = 600W du'dc dung de I20^R
o 1100 = ^ o 144R, = 11(R.+1)^ ' f*''*'"* 'ii6b
dun soi 2 lit nirdc (c = 4200J/kg.dp) tiT 20°C den 100°C, hieu suat bep la 807^.
a) Tim thcJi gian dun va dien nang tieu thu theo kWh.
o 1IR^ - I 2 2 R ^ + 11 = 0 =x> R(, = H Q .
b) Day bep dien c6 du^dng kinh d, = 0,2mm, dien trd suat p = 4.10"^Qm qui"
tren ong hinh try bang suf diTcJng kinh d2 = 2cm. Tinh so vong day bep dien U 120
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua be'p: I = = lOA.
Bai giai R+R^ 1+11
a) Thdi gian dun va dien nang tieu thu Ui' Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua be'p la I = lOA, dien trd cua be'p la Rt = 11 !^ •
^•8. Cho hai den 120V - 40W va 120V - 60W mac noi tiep vao nguon U = 240V.
Hieu suat cua bep: H = —.100% = —.100% = 80%
^) Tinh dien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den. • '
A' p.t
mcAt ^„ mc.At 2.4200.(100-20) ^ Tinh hieu dien the va cong sua't tieu thu moi den. i ,) 0. - î
o = 0,8 => t = = = 1400s = 23,3 phut. Nhan xet ve dp sang ciia moi den
Pt 0,8P 0,8.600
840000 Cho biet dieu kien de hai den 120V sang binh thiTdng khi mac noi tiep vao
Dien nSng tieu thu: A = Pt = 600.1400 = 840000J = « 0,23 kWh • nguon 240V la gi?
3600000
Vay: Thdi gian dun va dien nSng tieu thu cua bep la t = 23,3 phut va A = ^'^ ' Bai giai
E)ien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den '
203,
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^ | y : De hai den sang binh thiTdng can mc'ic [R, nt D, nt (D2 // R2)] vdi R, :^
2 200, R2 = 80Q.
Dien trd cua d6n 1: R. = = = 360ft .
Co hai den 120V - 6 0 W 120V - 45W.
' Pdm, 40 8.10-
f i m dien trd va cu'dng dp dong dien djnh miJc moi den.
Dien trd cua den 2: R 2 = =^ = 240ft.

^1 Mac hai den theo mot trong hai each nhU hinh dU'di, UAB = 2 4 0 V . Hai d
Pdm, 60 sang binh thu'dng. Tim r i , r2. Cach m^c nao c6 Idi hPn?
Ci/dne do done dien qua hai den: I - — ^ — = — — = 0,4A . D, B2

B
R,+R2
^ •
b) Hieu dien the

^ • ^
c6ng sua't tieu thu moi d^n

360+240
®
Hieu dien the cua den 1: U, = R,I = 360.0,4 = 144V.
Cong suat tieu thu cua den 1: Pi = R , f = 360.0,4^ = 57,6W. ;
(Cach 2)
Hieu dien the cua den 2: U2 = R2l = 240.0,4 = 96V. (Cach 1)
Cong suat tieu thu cua den 2: P2 = R 2 I ' = 240.0,4'= 38,4W. Bai giai
Ta c6: Pi > P^j^^^^ => den 1 sang choi. a) Dien trd va cu'dng dp dong dien dinh miJc moi den
P2 < Pjj„,^ => den 2 sang md. ^dm 120^
De hai den 120V sang binh thu'dng khi mac noi tiep vao nguon 240V thi hai Dien trd cua den 1: R . = = = 240ft.
Pdn. 60
den phai c6 cijng cong suat djnh miJc.
1 _ 60
8.9. Hai den Di (12V - 7,2W) va D2 (16V - 6,4W) diTdc mac noi tiep roi mac vao Cifdng dp dong dien djnh miJc cua den 1: I^j^^^ = 0,5A.
1 U dm I 120
nguon U = 40V. Hoi phai dCing toi thieu bao nhieu dien trd phu, each mac va
gia tri ciia cac dien trd phu de ca hai den deu sang binh thu'dng? U imj _ 120^
Bai giai Dien trd cua den 2: R . = = 320ft.
45
De hai den sang binh thu'dng thi cu'dng do dong dien qua den phai bang
cU'cfng dp dong dien dinh mile cua den. dm2 _ 45
Cu'dng dp dong dien dinh miJc cua den 2: I = 0,375A.
Pdm 72 u dm-i 120
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den I : I , = = = 0,6A .
^) Tinh ri, r2
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua ri: I , = Id„,, + Idmj = ^'^ + ^'^"^^ = 0,875A. ;
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den 2: , = "^"'^ = — = 0,4A .
""^ 16 Hieu dien the hai dau r,: U , = UAB - U^„,^ = 240 - 120 = 120V. ,,
Nhit vay, phai mile (R2 // D2), cu'dng do dong dien qua R2: E)ientrdr,:ri = H.=_120 = 137ft.
1,875
h = Id„, - Id.u2 = - 0,4 = 0,2A ^ R^ = ^ = ^ = 80ft
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua TJ. = I<,„,j -1^^,^ = 0,5 - 0,375 = 0,125A.
. Taco: U - U 2 = 4 0 - 1 6 = 24V
Hi6u dien the hai dau rr. U2 = U^„,^ = 120V. ; ,
NhU vay phai mac (Ri nt Di), hieu dien the hai dau Ri:
U, = U - U 2 - U =24-12=12Vz^R, = i ^ = -i^=20Q
' ^dm 205
_ 120 B a i giai
D i e n t r d rz: = = 777:^7 . :fl :i''<itfr-t i>r.; -.fnAI:.'!*
100 .,,„, .;„, <t
^2 ^,2 'f'''^^^'-'- 240^
+ Cach 1: P, = — = =210W. dm I 100 5 ^

CiTcfng dp dong dien dinh miJc cua den 1: 1^^^^ =
. Rd.-Rd, ,37+ 240.320__ 1 udmi
î+R , 240 + 320
' " 1 ^ 2 dm 2 _
p i e n trd cua den 2: =
dnii
. C a e h 2 : P , . ^ . = = 120W
dm
i , ^ " i ^ . + Rr ^ 960 + 320 / Ci^dng dp dong dien dinh miJc ciia den 2: 1^,^^^ = ^ = - = 0,83A.
.,,,.•0/, ^ ^dm.
6
Ta thay: P 2 < Pi nen each mac thiJ 2 Icfi hdn. • ^ > •
8.11. M o t chuoi den trang t r i gom 20 bong den 6V - 3W m^c noi tiep vao nguon Ng'u ma'c vao nguon U = 120V thi cUdng dp dong dien qua m o i den la:
dien 120V. Sau do c6 mot bong bi hu". Co the khie'n den sang nhcJ each nao U 120
1= = 0,79A
sau day: Rj+Rj 144 + 7,2
a) Thao bong den hu'ra, nhet gia'y bac vao duoi den de noi mach. Ta thay: I < I<i,„ nen c6 the mac no'i tie'p hai den vao nguon 120V.
b) Noi hai dau day dien cua den bi hu" lai.Sau do, trong each l a m du'tJc chpn do !.13. De mac den vao nguon hieu dien the
sang long cong ciia 19 den con lai so vdi 20 den ban dau Idn hdn hay nlui Idn hdn gia trj ghi tren den, c6 the diing
hdn? Cac den c6 the bi chay (du't tim) d l dang khong? mOt trong hai sd do ben. Sd do nao c6
R a i giai hiû sua't cao hdn?
Ca hai each a,b deu c6 the sif dung de lam den sang: Bi6't trong hai triTdng hdp den sang binh
- Do'i vdi each a: thirdng.
+ Ne'u dien trd cua gia'y bac nho hdn dien trd den thi dien trd tU'dng du'dn?
B a i giai
cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang nen do sang tong cong ciia 19 den
Hieu suat cao hdn tiJc la cong sua't hao phi do toa nhidt nhd hdn. j j j , .y^j j
Idn hdn 20 den ban dau => den c6 the bj du't t i m de dang.
Gpi R la dien trd m^c them vao den. Ta c6:
+ N e u dien trd ciia gia'y bac bang dien trd den thi dien t r d tU'dng du'dng ciia
toan mach khong doi => cong suat khong doi nen do sang cac den khong
+ Dien trd ti/dng di/dng cua toan mach trong sd do 1: R, = ^ + —
ddi. • T,,,/'', ,„:,f„^, * ; ,
R 2
+ Ne'u dien t r d ciia gia'y bac Idn hdn dien trd den thi dien t r d tiTdng difdng
2 -v::.
cua toan mach t i n g => cong sua't giam nen do sang tdng cong cua 19 de"
nhd hdn 20 den ban dau. Dien t r d tiTdng du'dng c u a t o a n m a c h t r o n g sd d o 2: R 2 = y + R d
- D d i v d i each b: D i e n trd tU'dng du'dng cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang
nen dp sang tdng cong ciia 19 den Idn hdn 20 den ban dau nen den c6 the t"!
tha'y: R^>- -=> R2>Ri .'ui.: oad f^-Vi-
diJt t i m de dang. "' " "
8.12. Co the m^c hai den (120V - lOOW) va (6V - 5W) noi tiep vao nguon I '
120V diTdc khong?
206 ^07
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Cong sua't toa nhiet: Pj = — ; = ^ f - 6201 + 12000 = 0 => I , = 600A; I2 = 20A.

^gng suat hao phi tren day: jîyii;^
Vi Rj > R| => P2 < Pi nen each mac thi? 2 c6 hieu suat cao hdn. ^p^ = Rif = 10.6000^ = 36.10^ > 120000 (loai) '< Hi '> 1
AP = RI? = 10.20^ = 4000W = 4 kW ' ' '' ^ ' '

8.14. Co ba den, hieu dien the djnh miJc moi
p5 giam the tren day: AU = RI = 10.20 = 200V A, • j.p ,j,y^ „;,.
den la 1 lOV m^c vao nguon U = 220V.
P' 1''0000 ' 'i,'
Tim he thiJc lien he cac cong suat P i , rtigu sua't tai dien: H = —.100% = ——.100% = 96,77%.
- P 6200.20 , :
P2, P3 de chung sang binh thu'dng?
V$y: E)p giam the' tren day la A U = 200V; cong sua't hao phi tren day la
J Itai giai
= 4 kW; hieu suat tai dien la H = 96,77%.
De 3 den sang binh thu'dng thi: 1^^^^^ +1^,^^^ = Id m 3
jl7. Cin phai tang hieu dien the d hai dau nguon dien len bao nhieu Ian de
•'dm, •^dm •"dm. giam tieu hao nang lu'dng tren du'dng day 100 Ian neu cong sua't truyen den
2 _ • 1
u u u u, u . tieu thu khong doi.

dm I dm-1
' 2
Bi^t ban dau dp giam the' tren du'dng day la AU = nU, (vdi Uj la hieu dien
Ma U | = U 2 = U 3 = 1 1 0 V = ^ P i + P2 = P3
thS'ndi tieu thu, n la he so ti le). j
Vay: De cac den sang binh thu-cJng thi P | + P2 = P3.
8.15. TCr nguon U = lOOOOV, can truyen di mot cong sua't nguon P = 5000kW Bai giai
tren du'dng dai 5km. • C6ng sua't toan phan cua nguon: Pj = Pj + AP,.
Dp giam the tren day khong du'dc vu'dt qua 1% U nguon.Tinh tie't dien nho o U I , = U , I i + A P , « ( U - U , ) I , =AP,
nha't cua day dan bie't dien trd sua't ciia day p= l,7.10^^Qm. AR '
Uk—^= RI, = nUj
Bai giai
^1
P 5 10 AP,
CiTdng dp dong dien tren day: I = — = = 500A.
U 10" => ( U - U , ) = — i = n U , = ^ U = ( n + 1 ) U , (1)
^1
Dp giam the tren day: AU = RI < 1%U => p - . I < -.10000= 100. Gpi Uala hieu dien the'd hai dau nguon dien sau khi ting: ,
s 100
pll l,7.10'^5000.500 P2=P2 +AP2 O U2I2 =UiIi-l-Rl2 O U2I2 = U j I , + '
s> = 4,25.10'"* m 100 niM'
100 100
S,„in = 4,25.10"* m^ = 4,25 cm\ Taco: Ril = ^ ^^î u,-^ = U , i + ^
Vay: Tiet dien nho nhat cua day dan la S,„in = 4,25 cm^. ^ 100 2 10 MO ' ' 1 0 0
8.16. TCr nguon U = 6200V, dien nang du'dc truyen tren day den ndi tieu th^' " ^ U = i o u , + ^ = 1 0 U , + ^ (AU = RI, = n U , )
Dien trd cua day dan R = lOQ. Cong suat tai ndi tieu thu P' = 120kW. ^ ' 1 0 ' '10 ' '
Tinh dp giam the' tren day, cong sua't hao phi tren day va hieu sua't tai dief _ (n+100),, _ (n+100) U .
Bie't cong sua't hao phi tren day nho hdn cong sua't ndi tieu thu. '~ 10 10 WT^
Bai giai ^^y- Phai tang hieu dien the ct hai dau nguon dien len ^" ^ '"^^ Ian.
- Cong sua't toan phan cua nguon: P = P' + RI^. e . ]0(n-(-l)
o U I = U ' l + RI^ <=> 62001 = 120000 + 101^
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVlMU,.,,,, V,?1
8.18. M o t may bdm dien boat dpng vdi hieu dien the' U = 360V va dong I =: I H i e u suat cua tau dien khi chuyen dpng tren mat phang nghieng:
bcJm niTdc len d6 cao h = 4m qua mot 6'ng c6 tiet dien S = 0,01 m^, m6i „j!^' A =Ap +Ap = }imgS,cosa+mgS,sina
dirpc 80 l i t . '
fxmgSjCosa+mgSjSina _ mgV2(Hcosa+sina)
a) T i n h hieu suaft cua may bPm. Cho g = 10 m/s^
b) Gia stf ma sat l a m tieu hao 16% cong suat cua dpng cP va phan cong sua't h
phi c6n l a i la do hieu ufng Jun-LenxP hay tinh dien trd trong cua dpng co, ' V H2UI2 ^ . 0,8.240.50
. ' H - : : ^';r B a i giai ...^.tj ^2 ~ mg(ncosa+sina) ~ 4800.10(0,01.cos0,03+sin0,03) ~ ^
a) H i e u suat cua may bdm
Vay: V a n toe cua tau dien tren doan du'dng dau la v, = 10 m/s, tren doan
1 2 diTdng sau la V2 = 5 m/s. , • ""-^^f;;' " V"-
- Congco ichcuamaybdmCthirchientrong 1 s): A ' = m g h + -2m v .
8.20. D i e n trd R mac vao hieu dien the U = 160V khong d o i , tieu thu cong suat
V 80 10""* P = 320W.
- = 8 m/s
v d i : m = D V = 10\80.10^ = 80 kg; v = — = = 8 m/s.
St lO-ll a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R.
4
1 „„„2. b) Thay R bang hai dien trd R,, R j no'i tie'p, R, = lOQ. K h i nay cong suat tieu thu
=> A ' = 80.10.4 + - . 8 0 . 8 = 5 7 6 0 J mii
2 cua R2 la P2 - 480W. T i n h ciTdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj cua R2. B i e t
- D i e n nang tieu thu cua may bdm (trong 1 s): A = U l t = 360.25.1 = 9000J. R2 chju diTPc dong dien khong qua lOA.
- H i e u sua't cua may bdm: H = — . 1 0 0 % = ^ . 1 0 0 % = 64%. c) V d i R i , R2 bat k i , Ian (1) miCc R, noi tiepRz, Ian (2) mic R, song song v d i R2
, A 9000 roi deu mac vao hieu dien the tren.
V a y : H i e u suat cua may bdm la H = 64%. Hoi tru-dng hdp nao cong suat tieu thu cua hai dien t r d Idn hdn va Idn hdn it
b) D i e n trd trong cua dpng cP nha'tbao nhieu Ian? , , ... , .
V i hieu suat cua may bdm la H = 64% = 0,64 nen cong suat hao phi la d m iO-: :m.Hl ;"*i-»,g iXmi^, ' •
Bai giai ;
AP = 0 , 3 6 P ^ AP = 0,16P+rl2 = 0 . 3 6 P = > r = ^ = ^ ^ ^ ^ =2,88Q.
a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R
25^
Dien trd R : R = H 1 = 1 ^ = =8 08 000 .
V a y : D i e n trd trong cua may bdm la r = 2 , 8 8 Q . 320
8.19. T a u dien khoi li/dng m = 4800kg chay tren mat diTdng nlm ngang, sau^ P 320
l e n doc cd gdc nghieng a = 0,03rad. Cu'dng do dong dien qua R: I = — = = 2A.
B i e t tau chuyen dpng thang deu, tren doan diTdng dau, I , = 25A. Tren doa" U 160
*>) Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj ciia R2 - O
dirdng sau: I 2 = 50A. B i e t he so ma sat |x = 0,01, hieu d i e n the tren du'^nJ
Cirdng dp dong («en qua R,, R j : I = I , = I2 = ^
day U = 240V, hieu suat cua dpng cd H = 0,8; g = 1 Om/sl R1+R2
T i n h van toe v, va Vz cua tau dien tren m o i doan diTdng. jj2
Bai giai C ng sua't tieu thu cua R2: P~ = R , I ^ = R ,
- H i e u sua't cua dong cd tau dien: H = — = 0,8.

160^R ' ' '
A ^ 480 = ^ 0 4 8 0 0 0 + 9600R, + 480R^ = 160^R,
- V i tau chuyen dpng thang deu nen cong cd ich bang cong hao p h i . (10+1.2)'
- K h i tau chuyen dpng tren mat p h i n g ngang:

480R2 - I6OOOR2+ 48000 = 0 : ^ R2 = 3 0 0 ; R ^ = — O.
u n ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 ^
' Uljt, Ul, • ,jiing 0,01.4800.10
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22. ^^9'- '^^y dong dien I | - 1,4A di qua thi nong len de'n ti = SS^C,
Cirdng do dong dien qua R2: I j = ^ = =^ 4A .
K|4-K2 1 U+ J U khi CC OO dong I2
l^^hi I2 = 2,8A; t2
t2 = 160"C. Coi nhiet lu"dng
lu"dng toa ra moi tru
trudng xung
quanh ti le thuan vdi dp chenh lech nhiet dp giCTa day va moi tru'dng.
va i ; = ^ = = 12A > lOA : (ioai). ^ ' *
jvlhiet dp moi tru'dng khong doi. Bo qua sii thay doi cua dien trd day theo
3 nhiet dp.
Vay: Cifdng do dong dien qua R2 la h = 4 A va R2 = 30 Q . n m nhiet dp day dan khi c6 dong I3 - 5,6A di qua. •v *
c) TrUdng hdp nao cong sua't tieu thu cua hai dien trd Idn hdn Bai giai
T2 «r
Gpi A la he so' ti le nhiet l U d n g toa ra moi tru'dng xung quanh: •.i-t (
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 1: Pj = ^
AQ = A.At = A ( t - t o )
Nhiet lUdng toan phan cung cap cho day: Q = Q' + AQ :
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 2:
p _ U^CR.+R^) ^ ^ (Ri+R;)^ ^ Rf+R^+2RiR^ Rlft = m c ( t i - t o ) + A ( t , - t o ) - ( t i - t o ) ( m c + A) (1)
, Rr^z ""Pi ^1-^2 Rl2t = m c ( t 2 - t o ) + A ( t 2 - t o ) = (t2-to)(mc + A)- (2) ri. , •

f 0 7 2R,R,+ 2R,R, „ ^„ Rl^t = mc(t3 - to) + A(t3 - to) = (t3 - to)(mc + A) (3)
Taco: R?+R^ > 2R,R, => ^ > ^ - ^ ^ ^ =^P2>4Pi.
' 2 Pi R1R2
' Vay: TrUdng hdp sau cong sua't tieu thu cua hai dien trd Idtn hdn truTdng hdp La'y (1) chia cho (2): V l ! < L < ^ (M)2 = llzlcL =1
' • t2-to ' 2 , 8 ' 160-to 4
dau va Idn hdn it nha't 4 Ian.
8.21. Diing be'p dien de dun ni/dc trong am. Neu noi bep vdi hieu dien the U , = o 220 - 4to = 160 - to =:> to = 20°C. ]
120V, thdi gian nu-dc soi la t, = 10 phut c6n neu U2 = lOOV thi t2 = 15 phut. Lay (2) chia cho (3): '
Hoi neu dung U3 = 80V thi thdi gian niTdc soi h la bao nhieu? l i = !lZio ^ ^ . I ^ ^ t 3 = 060-20).5,6^ , 2 0 . 5 8 0 » C . ^
Biet rang nhiet liTdng hao phi trong khi dun niTdc ti le vdi thdi gian dun nUdc. ll t3-to 5,6^ t3-20 ' 2,8^
Bai giai Vay: Khi cd dong h chay qua thi nhiet dp cua day dan la tj = 580°C.
Goi A la he so'ti le, nhiet lu-dng hao phi trong thdi gian dun ni/dc la: AQ = A.t. 8.23. Day chi du'dng kinh tie't dien di = 0,5mm dung lam cau chi, chiu diTdc
Nhiet liTdng cung cap cho nUdc trong 3 triTdng hdp la nhiT nhau va b^ng: cu'dng dp I3 < 3A. Coi nhiet lu'dng day chi toa ra moi tru'dng ti le thuan vdi
dien tich xung quanh cua day.Hoi day chi du'dng kinh d2 = 2mm se chiu du'dc
Q' = Q - AQ = ( - A)t, = ( ^ - A)t2 = ( ^ - A)t3
dong dien bao nhieu?
=^ (Uf - AR)tj = (U^ - AR)t2 = (U^ - AR)t3 ^ 6 qua sir mat nhiet do tiep xiic d hai dau day. ' ' "' •' '
Bai giai
Ta c6: (Uf - AR)t, = (U2 - AR)t2 •
Dong dien Idn nha't ma day chiu du'dc i^ng vdi tru'dng h d p khi cd can bSng
o (120^-AR).10 = (100^-AR).15 o 120^ - AR = 15000 -1,5AR nhiet, nhiet dp day chi bang nhiet dp ndng chay cua chi. ; , v-'Vil >
<=> 0,5 AR = 600 => AR = 1200 Gpi AQ la nhiet l i / d n g day chi toa ra moi triTdng xung quanh trong thdi gian
Mat khac: (Uj - AR)t2 = (U3 - AR)t3 At: AQ = kS'At . , , , ,^

Vdi: k la he so ti le, S' la dien tich xung quanh cua day chi.
^ (U^-AR)t2^(100^-1200).15^^3^^^p^.^^
E)o can bang nhiet nen nhiet lUdng toa ra moi triTdng b^ng nhiet lifdng do
" U^-AR 80^-1200
^dng dien cung cap:
Vay: Thdi gian dun soi ni/dc la U = 25,4 phiit.
O 1 T 213
B6i dugng hpc sinh gl6i Vjt 1^ 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang V|st
Q = RIÂt = p - I ^ A t = kS'At —L = p - 1 - zz 4 p — 4 (4)

Ri =
P, S, \
+ TriTcfnghctp 1: p — I i ^ A t = kS',At
- p - ^ =4 p - ^ (5)
R2 =
P2 ^ 2 ndl
«4P^=k;:d,./.At (1) j^g'y (4) chia cho (5):
Ttdf
\}] P-2 /, d df UfP.
1-2 10\25
_ <=> =
+ T r i r d n g h d p 2 : p — l 2 A t = kS2At df '2 d\, d^ 100.220'
'1
(6)
r ^ 4p!l2^=k;td,./.At " (2) 16d^
I? dl d, I, d, ^ 4d,
Tir (3), (6) suy ra: = 64
- Lay(l)chiacho(2): ^ . ^ = - ^ o - i - = ( - ^ / 2
I6d
0,056
I2 d f I2 d^ = 0,014 mm
I2 = I , ( - f / 2 =3.(—/2 =24A.
ru-" A^-, - , '6^2/, 16.0,014^600

d / '0,5' Chieu dai h cua day toe: L = ^ = = 600 mm
dj 0,056^
Vay: Day chi diTdng kinh 62 se chiu diTdc dong dien toi da la 24A.
Vay: Chieu dai va di/dng kinh cua day toe den c6 cong sua't P2 k h i dung d
8.24. Day toe bong den cong suat P, = lOOW dung vdi hieu dien the U , = 1 lOV
hieu dien the U . la h = 600 mm va d2 = 0,014 mm.
CO chieu dai/i = 600mm va dUdng kinh tie't dien di = 0,056mni.
ho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, hieu dien the
T i m chieu dai h va diTdng kinh d2 cua day toe dbn c6 cong sua't P2 = 25W
U, cac dien trd r va r' la khong do'i, R la bien A +'
dung vdi hieu dien the U2 = 220V.
'fcl. T i m lien he giffa RQ, r, r' de cong sua't
Coi nhiet lu^cfng toa ra moi trUdng t i le thuan vdi dien tich xung quanh cua U
"Wet toa tren R hau nhu" khong ddi khi R bien R
day toe va nhiet do day toe trong hai den khi l a m viec la nhiJ nhau. ^
'hien nho quanh gia tri RQ. Tinh cong sua't Po B .1
j Bo qua su" truyen nhiet do tie'p xiic 6 hai dau day tdc.
u'ng. (Ro la phan dien trd cua R su" dung
B a i giai
'••ong mach).
Goi AQ la nhiet lUdng toa ra moi trUdng xung quanh trong thdi gian A t :
•^P dung so': U = 80V; r = r'. Ngu'di ta muon cd cong sua't Po toa tren RQ b^ng
AQ = kS'At
'OOW. Tinh Ro, r va cong sua't P, toa tren toan bp mach dien.
V d i k la he so t i le, S la dien tich xung quanh cua day chl. jr', ^' B a i giai
- Do can bang nhiet nen nhiet lifdng toa ra moi tru"dng bang nhiet lu'dng ^° U
i g do dong dien qua mach: I =
d6ng dien cung cap: r'.R^
P,At = kS;At o P, =k7idi./, (1) r +
va: PÂt = k S j A t o P^ = knd^.l^ (2) ' ' " r' + R
P d I 100 'i , U r'R r'RU
- Tir(l)va(2)suyra:-f--if = - — = 4 (3) '^"î'dien the hai dau R: =
P, dj/j 25 r;R r' + R r r ' + R ( r + r')
r +
- M a t khac, dien trd tUdng dadng cua bong den la: r'+R
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Bfii du8ng hpc sinh gi6i V§t ly 11, tap 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khana Vi^t
Cong sua't toa nhiet tren R: rliuyiiLdePj

U r'^RU^ DfNH L U A T 6 M C H OT O A N M A C H -
^ P -
l2
R [rr'+ R(r + r')J- D | N H LUAT O M T O N G Q U A T
rr + V R ( r + r')
. n ' . i 'hi.:-'' 1 5 , .
De P khong ddi khi R bien thien quanh Ro thi P phai dat gia tri ciTc t r i : ^ . T 5 M T A T KIEN THirc
I Djnh luat 6 m cho loan mach (mach kin)
E,r
rr
+ SIRU + r') > 27rr'(r + r') - ^ + V R ( r + r') > 4rr'(r + r') J , Mach kin cd ban (gom nguon va di^n trdf thuan): 1
VR 1
E 1
2,T2
r'Û r'U^
=> Pa = F
" 4rr'(r + r') 4r(r + r') (R la dien trd cua mach ngoai; E, r la sua't 1 1.
dien dong va dien i r d trong cua nguon).
Dang thiJc xay ra k h i : - yjRir + r') => R = —
r +r 2. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon di$n va may thu m a c no'i tiep \di di^n trd
VR
A p dung bang so: thuan:
E.r
IE-IE'
^ ^ i o o » 8 0 0 r = 80^ =>r = r' = 8f2 H
+ 4r.2r ^ R + I r+ Ir' I
(R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai; E, r la Nguon dien
va R„ = rr
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon; E ' , r' la E'.r'
r + r' 8+ «
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua may thu dien h
+ Cong sua't toa nhiet tren toan bo mach dien:
vdi quy u'dc: nguon khi dong dien d i vao tuf cifc am I
U' 80^
= 600W. May thu
va d i ra tiT ciTc du'dng; may thu khi dong dien d i vao
r'R „ 8.4
r +— " 8+ tir cifc du'dng va di ra tiT ciTc am).
r' + R 8+ 4 3. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon gio'ng nhau
"V"': .
( E , r) m3c thanh bo va di^n trd thudn: E, r E,r

E - — 1
1= 1 — ' H
R + r^ 1 1
E. r
E, r E,r E, r
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
(R la dien trd F r
r
tu'dng du'dng cua i E.
mach ngoai; Eb, rb E.r E, r
1
la sua't dien dong E,r 1 I H - —1
... ft;
va dien t r d trong E,r
Song song
ciia bo nguon) Hon hdp do'i xvCng
+ Ne'u n nguon gio'ng nhau m^c no'i tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb = nr.
+ Ne'u n nguon gidng nhau mac song song t h i : Eb = E; rb = —. , ', , .
217
T1 ft i
Bdi duBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin Phu B f i n g Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khan
any Vj^'l
+ N e u N ngu6n gio'ng nhau mac h6n hdp E.r E.r

y(5i mach k i n chi g o m cic nguon dien m^c noi tiep v d i dien trd ngoai thi: I =
do'i xi^ng thanh m day, m 6 i day c6 n
, . 5 ^ . ( E E la tong sua't dien dong cua cac nguon, E r la tong d i e n trd trong
nr E.r
nguon thi: Eb = nE; rb = — .
m N o i tiep cua cac nguon; R la dien trd tu'dng dU'cfng ciia mach ngoai). ,
II. Djnh lu^t 6 m cho cac loai do^n mach (tong quat) E
Vdi mach k i n g o m cac nguon dien giong nhau mic v d i nhau thi: I = ^ •
1. Doan mach chtfa n g u 6 n di$n noi tiep vofi dien trd ngoai: I = HABI^ R + r,
R +r ^ N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c noi tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb= nr.
( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien; tiT A d e n B )
U - E '
4. N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c song song thi: Eb = E; rb = — .
n
; 2. Doan mach chtfa may thu di$n va di$n trof ngoai: I = — . I N e u cac nguon giong nhau mac hon hdp d o i xiJng (m day, n nguon/day)
) R + r'
thi: Eb = nE; rb = — . (Eb la sua't dien dong cua bo nguon, rb la dien t r d
' ( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien: tir A de'n B ) m
3. Doan mach g^m nhieu ngu6n di^n va may thu di^n mac nO'i ti§p vdi trong cua bo nguon; R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
di^n trd ngoai: Vdi mach k i n g o m nhieu nguon dien va may thu mac no'i tiep nhau va mac
j _ U A B + ^ E + S E ' EE + EE'
vdi dien trd ngoai thi dung cong thiJc: I = ( E E la tong sua't dien
R + Er + Er'
R + Er + Er'
( U A B la hieu dien the' tinh theo chieu dong dien: tiT A den B ; E E la tong
d6ng cua cac nguon, E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon; E E ' la tong
sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien, E E ' la tong suat phan dien cua cac
sua't phan d i e n cua cac may thu, E r ' la tong dien trd trong cua cac may thu;
may thu dien; E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon d i e n , E r ' la tong
R la dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
dien t r d trong cua cac may thu dien).
Khi dp dun^ dinh luat Om tdn^ qudt can chu y : 1 • » ''
4, Djnh luat Kiec-xop
Chon chieu dong dien trong mach (ne'u de bai chiTa cho), theo chieu ddng
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 1:
dien xac dinh nguon dien, may thu trong mach.
T o n g d a i so cac cu'dng do dong dien tai m o i nut bang 0.
Neu mach dien ddn gian (gom cac nguon dien, m a y thu mac no'i tiep): dung
EIK = 0 ,
cic cong thii'c dinh luat 6 m cho cac loai doan mach de giai.
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 2:
N€'u mach dien phiJc tap: thu'dng diing 2 dinh luat Kie'c-xop de g i a i , luc nay
Trong m o i mat mach (mach vong), tong dai so cac sua't d i e n dong bang
c^n chii y xac dinh dung da'u cua I va E theo quy u'dc da neu. ' ' ''
tong dai so cac do giam the.
(^hiiy: ' ff'i'. '
E E k = ElkRk t.::l \.'il M ' '
giai, ne'u tinh ra I < 0 thi can d d i l a i chieu dong dien cho doan mach do.
(Ek mang da'u (+) ne'u do la nguon dien (dong dien di vao tuf ci/c diTc^ng va
Tru'dng hdp c6 n nguon khac nhau mac song song thi ta cd the coi bo nguon
di ra tiT ciTc am) va ngiTcfc l a i ; Ik mang da'u (+) neu do la dong dien di vao
'f^n tu'dng diTdng v d i mot nguon (E, r) v d i :
nut va ngUdc l a i ) . » ; ,
B . N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I' B A Ii T A P it:,. ., „i, :V3i 1 1 1 E E, E2 E„
1. Khi dp clunfi dinh luat dm cho toan mach can cMy: m r, r„ r r, r^ r„ '^'•^<"
- Chon c h i e u d o n g d i e n t r o n g mach ( n e u d e b a i chU'a cho), xac dinh n g u o n E
d i e n , m a y t h u t h e o q u y u'dc: n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tiT ciTc a m , d i r a t i f ci/c hieu dien the'giij'a hai cifc (+ va - ) cua nguon tu'dng du'dng: U =
diTdng t h i d o l a n g u o n d i e n ; n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tu" ciTc dU'cfng, d i r a t t f ci/<^
R r
a m thi do la m a y thu.
^ 1 8 219
B6i clu9ng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn I'lni D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH KhangVie^
C . cAc B A I T A P V E D I N H L U A T O M C H O T O A N M i \ C H - D | N H UjA,^ Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve: E = 12V, E,r

f s C l Q , R i = R2 = 2Q, R3 = 4Q, R4 = 4,40. D
on TONG QUAT
J fitn dien trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai. + 1 R4
1. D I N H L U A T O M CHO TOAN M A C H
9.1. Den 3V - 6W mac vao hai ciTc ac quy (E = 3V, r = 0,50). Tinh dien trd firri cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh ^
R2 Rj B
cirdng do dong dien, hieu dien the' va cong suat tieu thu cua den. va U A B -
Bai giai f i m cirdng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re va U C D
U 3^ Bai giai
Dien trd cua den: R = = — = 1,5Q 2) pign trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai
P.„.
dm 6 E, r
Ta cd: [ { R 2 nt R J V / R , ] nt R4
D
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = 1,5A. pjgn trd tU'dng du'dng cua R2 \h Rsia:
R +r 1,5 + 0,5 R, R4
R23 = R2 + R3 = 2 + 4 = 6Q
Hieu d i e n the c u a den: U = I R = 1,5.1,5 = 2,25V. Dien trd tU'dng diTdng cua R23 va R, la:j^j,j,^ ,
B
Cong suat tieu thu ciia den: P = R f = 1,5.1,5^ = 3,375W.
h -CZh
9.2. Von ke m a c v a o nguon (E = 120V, r = 1OQ) chi 119V. Tinh d i e n trd von ke, Rl23 =
R,+R23 2+6
Bai giai
Dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai la: R N = R123 + R4 = 1,5 + 4,4 = 5,9Q.
Gpi Rv la d i e n trd c u a von ke, I la ciTdng do dong d i e n qua m a c h .
b) Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va U A B
E _ „ rU 10.119
Ta c6: U = IRv = - . R „ => Rv = = 1190Q E 12
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 2A.
R+r " E-U 120-119 5,9+0,1
Vay: Dien trd c u a von k e la Rv = 11900.
Hieu dien the giffa hai diem A, B la: U A B = IRAB = IR123 = 2.1,5 = 3V.
9.3. Co 18 pin giong n h a u , m o i pin c6 e = 1,5V, ro = 0,2Q diTdc m^c thanh 2 day
c) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re va U C D "i
song song, m o i d a y 9 pin noi tiep. Dien trd R = 2,1Q m^c v a o hai d a u b o pin
Cirdng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re:
tren.
r:h ;;
a) Tinh suat d i e n dong va d i e n trd trong tufPng di/dng c u a bo nguon. I.= - ^ = | = l , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ = |=0,5A
b) Tinh ciTdng dp qua R.

Hieu dien the giCTa hai diem C, D la: U C D = U C B + U B D = U3 + U4
Bai giai
=> U C D = I3R3 + I4R4 = I2R3 + IR4 = 0,5.4 + 2.4,4 = 10,8 V.
a) Sua't d i e n dong va d i e n trd trong tiTdng diTdng c u a bp nguon
Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, bp nguon
Suat d i e n dong c u a bp nguon:
Eb = 9e = 9.1,5 = 13,5V. gom 2 day, moi day 4 pin noi tiep, moi 1 |i|i 1
9 pin pin c6: e = 1,5V, ro = 0,250, mach ngoai,
Dien trd trong cua bp nguon: Ri
' ^ i = 1 2 0 , R2 = 1 0 , R3 = 80, R4 = 4 0 . CD-
r.= ^ = ^ = 0,9Q. B
îet cirdng dp ddng dien qua Rj la \-
2 2
0>24A.Tinh: R:- R4
b) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R
R îiSt dien dong va dien trd trong cua bp nguon tU'dng diTdng.
Ta c6:1 = Eb _ 13,5 = 4,5A. ÂB va cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
R + ri, 2,1+0,9
^'a trj dien trd R 5 . '
Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien qua R la I = 4,5A.
Baigiai ;
^^t dien dong va dien trd trong cua bp nguon
221
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iiaiig
Sua't dien dong ciia bp nguon: Eb = ne = 4.1,5 = 6V. Vay: D i e n trd cua von ke la Ry = 2051 Q .
D i e n trd trong cua bp nguon: u>. i~ ~ jis 9.7. Cho mach dien nhu" Wnh ve, moi pin
II CO e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R = 6Q. T i m
r b = ^ = 1.0,25 = 0 , 5 Q ; . ^ R
cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
b) T i n h UAB va cifdng dp dong dien B a i giai

Sua't dien dong cua bp nguon: Eb = EAM + EMB
qua mach chinh V-o—^
H i e u dien the giCTa hai diem A , B la: •2 R2 R4 iTaco: EAM = ne = 2.1,5 = 3V
A M
B
UAB = U , + U 3 = I,Ri + I3R3 = I i ( R i + R3)(vi I i = I3) 'iv., EMB = n'e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V
=> UAB = 0,24.(12+ 8) = 4,8V. ' =>Eb = 3 + 4,5 = 7,5V '^^ '
D i e n trd trong cua bp nguon:
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R2 la: I2 =
R2+R4 1+4 nrg .
rb = TAM + TMB = +n r^ •rb= — + 3.1 = 4 Q
CifcJng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = I i + I2 = 0,24 + 0,96 = 1,2A. m
c) Gia tri dien trd R5 7,5
Cifdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 0,75A.
R+r, 6+4
Tir bieu thurc cua dinh luat 6m: I = R N I + Tbl = Eb
Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh la I = 0,75A.
U N = Eb - fbl = 6 - 0,5.1,2 = 5,4V. 9.8. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, moi nguon
c6: e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R, = 6Q, R 2 = 12Q,
4=3-
M a t khac: U N = U A B + U 5 U5 = U N - UAB = 5,4 - 4,8 = 0,6V. ^ R, R3
U5 0,6
R3 = 4Q. '-iv^m-
R5 = = 0,5^. T\m cufdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
I 1,2
B a i giai ' ' ' ' ^2 rf' *
9 . 6 . M a c h k i n gom nguon dien ( E = 200V; r = 0,5Q) va hai dien trd R, = iOOQ
Sua't dien dong cua bp nguon: Eb = E A M + EMN + E B C ' '' < " "
R 2 = 500Q m^c noi tiep. M o t von ke mac song song R 2 , chi 160V.
=:>Eb = e + e + e = 3e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V n• nmj,
Tinh dien trd cua von ke. t
Dien trd trong cua bp nguon: rb = TAM + TMN + TBC --
B a i giai
G p i Rv la dien trd cua von ke, R N la dien trd cua mach ngoai. =i>rb=|-+|+r„=2ro=2.1=2i^ 1 1 N R3
A H-| M
E . E,r
Ta c 6 : 1 = IRN + Ir = E r 1—
Dien trd mach ngoai: •!>!
R^+r
=>UN = E - I r (1)
R R2 R,+ R2 6+12
' I2
M a t khac: U N = U , + U2 = I.Ri + U2 (2) R2
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: IR, + U2 = E - Ir
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
43 = 0,45A.
E-Uj _ 200-160 8+2
I(R, + r) = E - U2 => I = = 0,398A I —
R,+ r 100 + 0,5 Vay: Cu'dng dp mach chinh la I = 0,45A.
Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve, moi nguon
r
R4
Ma 1 = 1, + l 2 = > I | = I - l 2 = I - —
e = 12V, ro = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, R3 = 6Q, R, = 2R4, R2 Lrl
Rj
Hv rat Idn.
160 Uv 160 R.
:=> I = 0 , 3 9 8 - — = 0,078A va Rv = — = 2051Q. V6n ke chi 2V. T i n h R,, R,.
500 0,078
223
on
B6I duany lioc siiih gioi Vai iy I I, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9
b) Thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. 56"chi ampe ke: IA = lo - I i vdi I , = ^ = ^ = 1,8A; IQ = — = 9A.
Bai giai 2
3
a) TinhRi, R 4 ,.... BV
^ I A = 9-1,8 = 7,2A.
Tac6:E. = e = 1 2 V ; r . = ^ = i n ^ I = ^ = ^ Y | y : So' chi cua ampe ke la IA = 7 , 2 A .
2 R^B ^23
9lJ< mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 30V,
R2 p R3
2
• ^ i ^ 3 Q , R, = 12Q, R2 = 36Q, R3 = 18Q, B
vdi UAB = 2 V ; R 2 3 - ' ' = = 2 Q = > I = - = 1A D
R2+R3 3 + 6 2
I
2) Tim so chi cua ampe ke va chieu dong
Mat khac: I = — => IRN + I r t = Eb
^jgn qua no. E,r
R.. t,) p6'i cho nguon E va ampe ke (ci/c du'dng cua E noi vdi G).
-CD •jfjm so chi va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke.
Bai giai
va RN = Ri + R23 + R 4 = 3R4 + R23 = 3R4 + 2
a) S6'chi cua ampe ke' va chieu dong dien qua no
^ R, = ^ ^ I L J . ^ 3 Q va R , = 2R4 = 2.3 = 6Q. V) dien trd cua ampe ke RA = 0 nen mach c6 the du'dc ve lai:
3 3
Taco: R
Vay: Gia trj cac dien trd R , = 6 Q ; R 4 = 3 Q .
Di^n trd mach ngoai: R,
b) So ciii cua ampe ke ' - Br»p-[IZHD = G
Vi RA = 0 nen ta c6 the bo R2 va R3. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach:
R2+R3 36+18
12
1= = 1,2A
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: E,r
R,+ R 4 + r ^ 6 + 3 +1
E 30 10^ ^„ 10,^ 4 0 „
Vay: So chi ampe ke la 1,2A. 1=
= = — A =>UDF = IR23= — . 2 = — V .
9.10. Co 7 nguon dien giong nhau, moi nguon c6 R^+r 24+3 9 " 9 3
2
e = 6V, ro = - Q mac nhiT hinh ve. R , = 3 Q , R. 3.18 27
R,
R2 = 6Q, R3 = 2Q, RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. R3 so' chi ampe ke chinh la cu"cJng do dong dien qua R3 nen so chi cua ampe
Bai giai 3- 20
Vi RA = 0 nen nguon giiTa hai diem ke'l^ f ^ A va dong dien c6 chieu tif D den G. , •
R,
m^c ampe ke bi noi tat. va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke' khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke
' ^ i ddi cho nguon E va ampe ke', ta c6 mach dien nhU' sau:
• 3.^
nr '2 f<AH E)ien trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
Tac6:Eb = ne = 3 . 6 = 1 8 V ; r b = - 2 - = - = 1 = I Q ; E,r
m z H —>• G
lo
^ 3.6 . „ R,+R2 12+36
R„ = R , , R „ . R , , _ a _ ^ = 2 . — =4Q. R2
Ri
^ Cu'dng dp d5ng dien mach chinh: R.
R3 B
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: 30
r= = lA D
R;^+r 27 + 3
I=_MH_ = J L = 3 , 6 A R,
Ri
r.+Rj, 1+4
225
224
86i dUSng h g c s i n h gidi V j l ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6n9 Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
=> U„D = I'RN = 1.9 = 9V =^ I , = = = 0,75A 9P-

Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve:
= R2 = 6Q, R3 = 3Q, r = 5Q,
<5> N
= 0. Ampe ke chi 0,6A. R, M R,

Vay: Khi ddi cho nguon va ampe k6', ampe ke chi 0,75A va dong dien
f inh E va so chi cua ampe ke A2.
chieu tCr F den B.
E,r Bai |;iai
9.12. Cho mach dien nhuf hinh ve:
Vi dien trd cua cac ampe ke bang 0 nen ta c6 the ve lai mach dien nhiT hinh
E = 24V,r=lQ, ^
sau[Ri//R2//R3]:
Ri = 3Q, R. = R3 = R4 = 6Q, RA = 0.
R4
Tim so chi cua ampe ke.
R3 R3
Baigiai E.r N
R
3->
M
R. R2
Ki
B -»-Â2)
V i RA = 0 nen mach diTclc ve lai nhiT sau:
So chi cua ampe ke bang tdng dong dien qua R2 va R3
R,,,.R, I
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = '^^ ^
^( A ) 1 E,r
R,24+R3 S^chi cua ampe ke Ai bang tdng I2 v^ I3:12 + I3 = 0,6A = I23
Ri
^—H^r-
^1 R2
vdi R,2, = R , + ^ = 6 - H | 4 = 8 i ^ . R4
UAB = I23.R23 = 0,6.2 = 1,2V : ^ I , = HAB =hl^ o,2A
Rj+Rj 3+6 R| 6
E,r
U 1 2
=>h= = = 0,2A va I3 = I23 - 1 2 = 0,6 •- 0,2 = 0,4A.
8+6 7 Ri Rj 6
Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: So chi cua ampe ke A2 bang tdng I , va I2: Ii + I2 = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4A.
24 168 A - E
1= Tim E: Ta c6:1 = E = I(RN + r)
R^+r 24^j 31 R4 Rn+r
R,
vdi: 1 = 1,+l2 + l 3 = 0 , 2 + 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,8A
UA3 = I R . = 1^.^ = ^ V
E,r ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 „ 3
31 7 31
RN R, R2 R, 6 6 3 3 2
Î3=HAB = 576^96^
(1) vaE = 0,8.(1,5+ 5) = 5,2V.
R. 31.6 31
V|y: Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 5,2V; so chi A2 la 0,4A.
576 75 72 144,
= > UAC = I124.R12 = ^ . 2 ^•14. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: R | = R2
va 1,24 =
R,24
= ^
31.8
=
31- 31
= —
31
V
= R3 = 40Q, R4 = 30Q, r = lOQ, RA = 0. <5>
Ampe ke chi 0,5A. A
E,r^ R4
(2)
Rj 31.6 31 T'inh suat dien dong cua nguon.
R3
^ d i cho nguon va ampe ke. Tim so chi cua ampe ke".
TO (1) vh (2) suy ra: I2 + I3 = =jpA . R2
Bai giai
D
ÛSt dien dong cua nguon
Vay: S6'chi ampe ke b^ng " ^ A .
^ ' ampe ke" c6 RA = 0 nen mach c6 the duTcJc ve lai nhU sau:
^6' chi cua ampe ke b^ng: I2 + I4 = 0,5A (1)
227
226
B6i dagng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Kharin Vipt
B a i glai ,
V i R , = R2 => l i = I2 = - r (2)
^ S^chi cua von ke 7;, 7 . ^ ;
Vi rat Idn nen mach diTdc ve l a i nhU' sau: So chi ciia von ke bang UAB >
TCr (1) va (2), ta c6: ^ + 1 ^ = 0,5A (3) E,r
p i e n trd mach ngoai:
L R
M a t khac, ta c6:13 = C, A E, r
R
123 ^ ^ ' ^ ' R,+R2+R3 3+3+3 I—
h ^2
R,R Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
v(3i R123 = R3 + _ R,
R . + R^ 40 + 40 4,8 R4
1= = ],2A
Rfj+r 3+1
R.
=> h =
(4)
60 2 = > U 4 = I R 4 = 1,2.1 = 1,2V R2 ^ R3
U I.R
Tir ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) , ta c6: 14 = 0 , 5 = > I4 = 0 , 4 A .
R. ^
0,4
D o d o : U A B = I4R4 = 0 , 4 . 3 0 = 12V va I = I4 + I3 = 0 , 4 + ^ =0,6A
vdi R23 = R2 + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6 D
R|R,3 3 6 1,2.2
M a t khac: U A B = E - I r = > E = UAB + I - r = 12 + 0,6.10= 18V.
V a y : Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 18V.
Vay: So'chi cua von k e ' l a : UCB = UCD + UDB = U 3 + U 4 = 1,2 + 1,2 = 2,4V.
b) So chi cua ampe ke I E,r
b)S6'chi cua ampe ke'
K h i do'i cho nguon va ampe k e , mach h-
I4 R4 Khi thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 R A = 0 thi mach du-dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
dien d^dc ve l a i nhU' sau: B,A
So chi cua ampe k e b a n g : I j + I3.
So chi cua ampe ke bhng: I3 + l4- R3
R R
R|2-i • R 4 Dien trd ma ch ngoa i : R N = - ^ ^ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: R N = 1-1
Rj23+R4 H, R.
R,R.
^134+^^^2
3.1
vdi R,3, = R, + J ^ i : i i - = 3 + : 3,75n = > RN = = 1Q
vai: R,3 =R , + - M ^ = 4 0 + i ^ = 6 0 ^ . 3,75 + 3 3
R3+R4 3+1
R1+R3 40+40 a
CiTcfng do dong dien qua mach chinh: ' I E,r
So v d i cau a thi R 1 2 3 khong d o i nen dong dien qua mach v a n khong doi: < —
I = 0,6A va I 4 = 0,4A Rw+r 5 . 5

+1
Ri
= 0,1A
K->n]
Bsc
R3
Vay: So chi cua ampe ke l a : I4 + I3 = 0,4 + 0,1 = 0,5A. E,r = lA

9 . 1 5 . Cho mach dien nhu^ hinh ve: R2 R^ 3 ?
E = 4 , 8 V , r = l a R i = R 2 = R 3 = 3Q, ^ '' = I - l 2 = 1 , 8 - 1 =:0,8A

R 4 = IQ, Rvratldn.
Ri HiD B _
^3= H î-RpB _ I1R3R4 _ I1R4 _ 0,8.:
= 0,2A.
a) T i m so' chi cua v o n k e . R3
R R3 R3(R3+R^) R3+R^ 3+1
b) Thay von ke' b^ng ampe ke c6 R A = 0.
^^y: So' chi cua ampe ke: I2 + I3 = 1 + 0,2 = 1,2A.
T i m so chi cua ampe k e . R2
228
6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11. tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
9.16. Cho mach dien nhiT hmh ve: E = E ^ 1 1,5

Vctng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 5A
11,5V, r = 0,8Q, R , = 4,2Q, R . = R i = R^+r 1,5+0,8
R4 = 2, I Q , R A = 0, R v rat Idn. T i m so s; r < i yay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 5A; so'chi cua von ke la: UAH = I R N = 5. | ,5 = 7^5v
chi ampe ice, von ke neu: E, r T J) K i . <iong: K h i K , , K2 dong, mach dien du-dc ve lai nhir sau:
a) K , , K2 met. , , •
U K
p j g n trd mach ngoai: ^
b) K , m d , K2 dong. ~ • 1 1 1 1 1 1I 1 1 3
—
2,1-+ 2,1 +2.1
-
_L- = — + — + -
c) K | dong, K2 md. i R2 R , R4 2,i:-..,55?j:
d) K , , K 2 d 6 n g . j ^ R N = 0,7Q ^ R4
lii 4:''"l.-!t,>> ]• >.< Baigiai

CUdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh-
B
a) K i , K2 m d ' ' , '• '> , ;.. , ' 11,5
1 = = 7,67A
Khi K | , K2 met, mach diTdc ve lai nhiT sau: Liic do, so chi cua ampe ke b5ng R^+r 0,7+0,8
dong dien qua mach chinh I ; so chi cua von ke bang hieu dien the UAH.
R,(R2+R,) Vay: So'chi ampe ke'la 7 , 6 7 A ; so'chi von ke'la: UAB = I . R N = - ^ . 0 , 7 * 5 , 3 7 V .
D i e n trd mach ngoai: RN = R 4 +
Ri+Rj+R,
9.17. Cho mach dien nhu* hinh ve: E = 1 2 V ,
, , , 4 . 2 , 2 . 1 . 2 . 1 ) r = 2 Q , R 3 = R 4 = 2 Q , dien trd cac
4,2 + 2 , 1 + 2 , 1 ampe ke rat nho. A
} CutJng do dong qua mach chinh: a) Ki md, K j dong, ampe ke A chi 3 A .
E 11,5 Tinh R2. £ ^_L
1 = = 2,3A
4,2 + 0,8 Bl b) K i dong, K2 m d , ampe ke' A , chi 2 A .
TinhR,.
H i e u dien the hai dau A , B: U.^B = I - R N = 2,3.4,2 = 9 , 6 6 V .
V a y : So chi ampe ke la 2,3A; so chi von ke la 9 , 6 6 V . c) K i , K2 deu dong. T i m so'chi cac ampe ke.
b) K | m d , K2 dong: K h i K , md, K2 dong, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Bai giai
So chi cua ampe ke bh ng I4: ^ K| m d , K2 dong: K h i K , m d , K2 dong, mach du-dc ve lai nhiT sau:
E 11,5 115
I4 = I = « 4A
R^+r 2,1+0,8 29 E,r r+R, I
115 ^ l y : Gia tri cua dien trd R2 la R2 = 2 Q . ^''^ —

So'chi ciia von kc: U = I4.R4 = I.R4 = ^ - 2 , 1 = 8 , 3 V .
B K| dong, K2 md: K h i K , dong, K2 md, mach di/dc ve lai nhu^sau:
c) K i dong, K2 md: Khi K, dong, K : md, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhi/sau: Tac(5: I , = 2 A = ^ l J u c = I | R , = 2 R , .
I4 = ^BC _ ^^1 _ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: RN -
R , + R 134 A R24 2+2 2 D
B
A
î^clng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I,
vdi R , „ = : R, + Jii:i^
=4,2+-=^^=:5,25a R4
' R,+ R 4 2.1+2.1 E,r^ ' * I i + l4 = 2 R , + ^ = 2,5R, E,r - J - R.
(I)
R2
2,1+5,25 ^ ^ t k h a c . ta c6: I = ' C

R^ + r
Bfilduang hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgip 1 - Nguyin PhCi B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVY^ Kliang Viet
R,.(R.+ R , ) Ri.(2 + 2) 4R 2.2

vdti: RN = R3 + = 2+ = 2+- Ta c6: Eb = ne = 2.1,5 = 3V; rt = ne = 2Q. Ri
Ri+R^+Rj R, + 2 + 2 4 + R, m
RN = Ri + R2 = 2 + 1 = Sa
12 12.(4+ R , )
(2) Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
16 + 8R
2. .2
4 + Ri 1= = 0,6A. R,
3+2
12.(4+ R,)
TCrCl) va (2) suy ra: 2,5R| = ::i> I , = I = 0,6A; U, = I,R, = 0,6.2 = 1,2V.
16 + 8R
Vay: Sochi cua von ke'la 1,2V. ' '
o 4 0 R , + 20Rf = 4 8 + 12R, c ^ 2 0 R f + 2 8 R , - 4 8 = 0 b) Ki md, K2 dong: Khi Ki md, K2 dong, mach dien dUdc ve lai nhu'sau:
So chi ciia von ke b^ng hieu dien the hai dau R3: U 3 = 1,5V.
=> Ri = IQ va Ri = < 0: (loai).
R3
= 0,375A
Vay: Gid tri cua dien trd Rj la R, = 1 Q . R, 4
c) K|, K2 deu dong: Khi K i , K2deu dong, machdu'dc ve lai nhu'sau:
Ta c6: Sochi cua A | bang I i ; so'chi cua A bang I . Mat khac, ta c6:13 = I = » 0,375 =
RN+2 J
R R 1—^—r
=> RN = 6Q R4
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = — O i _ 1 1 !> D
; J,, 1<2+ 1^1.M Vi: RN = R3 + R4 R 4 = RN - R3 = 6 - 4 = 2Q.
R4 ^ R,
R R 22 T Vay: Gia trj cua dien trd R 4 la: R 4 = IQ..
vdi: Rn4 = Ri + ^ = 1 + — =2Q
R3+R, 2+2 E,r -L-
-I, c) Ki, K2 deu dong: Khi K i va K2 dong, mach dien dufdc ve lai nhu'sau:
2.2 Ri Dien trd mach ngoai:

R. c Ri-
.RN= = If^ ( R i + R 2 ) ( R 3 + R 4 ) , ( 2 + i).(4 + 2)
2+2 12 R,+ R 2 + R 3 + R 4 2+1+4 + 2
Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 4A.
Rj^+r 1+2
Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
Vi Rn4 = R2 => I | = I2 = - = - = 2A . 1= = 0,75A R, Ri.

2 2 2+2 •<4
Vay: So' chi cua cac ampe ke' la 4A va 2A. Vi: R,2 = R, + R2 = 2 + 1 =3Q,
9.18. Cho mach dien nhiThinh ve: moi pin Eo = 1,5V, ro = 2Q, R, = 2Q, R2 = R34 = R 3 + R 4 = 4 + 2 = 6Q
R3 = 4Q, Rv rat Idn. =Îl2 = 2l34
a) Ki dong, K2 md. Tim so chi cua von ke". R. ® Ri. Ma 1,2 + I34 = I = 0,75 ^ 1,2 = 0,5A; I34 = 0,25A.
b) K, md, K2 dong, von ke chi 1,5V. Tinh R4. = 1,2 = 0,5A3> Uj^^ =UcA = R i I i =2.0,5= I V . H ^' i
c) K i , K2 dong. Tim so chi cua von ke.
I3 = I34 = 0,25A ^ Uj^^ = = R3I3 = 4.0,25 = 1V •
Trong cac tru'dng hdp tren, ciTc dUdng J
cua von ke' noi vdi diem nao? R2 K R4 ^ So chi cua von ke: UAB = UAC + UCB = - U C A + UCB = - 1 + 1 = 0 .
V. ây: So chi cua von ke la 0.
Bai giai D
a) Ki dong, K2 md: Khi K i dong, K2 md, mach dien dUdc ve lai nhifsau: Trong cac trUdng hdp tren ciTc du'dng cua von ke' luon noi vdi A.
So' chi cua von ke bang hieu dien the giiJa hai dau Ri.
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919
B6i di/6ng hpc sinh gioi V5t ly 11. t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu B6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVHJ<hann
9 . 1 9 . H a i dien trd R , = 2Q, R2 = E, r

E,r =6Q
R, R, = 3Q
6Q mic vao nguon (E, r ) . K h i ( 3 i a i h e ( l ) v a ( 2 ) ta diTOc: va
— h- 3Q
LR, = R2 = 6n'
Ri, R2 noi tiep, cU'cfng do trong
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd R,, Rj la Ri = 6 Q , R2 = 3 Q hoac R, = 3 Q , Rj = 6 Q .
mach IN = 0,5A. K h i R,, Rj
^21. D i e n trd R = 2Q mac vao mot bp nguon g o m hai pin giong nhau. K h i hai
song song, ci/dng do mach
pin noi tiep, cu'dng dp qua R la I | = 0,75A. K h i hai pin song song cu^dng dp
chinh Is = 1,8A. T i m E, r.
qua R la I2 = 0,6A. T i m e, ro cua moi pin.
"~" • Hai jjiai
B a i giai
- K h i [R, nt R2] RN = Ri + R 2 = 2 + 6 = 8Q.
Khi 2 pin mac noi tiep: Eh = 2e; rh = 2ro. , , .
E
•IN = 0,5 = (1)
8+r 2e
Ta c6: Ii = o 0,75 =
R + r. 2+2.r.
R R 26
- Khi [ R 1 / / R 2 ] => R;^ = ' ^ = — = i,5Q. 00,75 + 0,75ro = e (1)
R,+ R2 2 +6
E _ Khi 2 pin mac song song: Eb = e; rb = y .

(2)
1,5+ r
Ta c6: h = — ^ o 0,6 =
4 + 0,5r = E R+ru
- T i r ( l ) va (2), s u y r a : < r = 1 Q ; E = 4,5V. 2+':<^
2 , 7 + l,8r = E 2
Vay: Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 4,5V va r = I Q . <=> 2,4 + 0,6ro = 2e (2)
9 . 2 0 . Cho mach dien nhiT bai E,r E,r 0,75 + 0,75ro = e r„ = l Q
- T i r ( l ) va (2), l a c o :
tren. B i e t E = 1,5V, r = \Q, I— 2,4 + 0,6r„ = 2e e = 1,5V
h-
IN = 0,15A, Is = 0,5A. T i m
R, Vay: Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua moi pin la e = 1,5V va ro = 1 Q .
R], R2.
R, R7 -c '•22. Cho mach dien g o m hai y
R7 nguon (E, = 18V, r, = I Q ) ,
El, ri E2, r2 El, r, E2, r2
B a i giai (E2, r2) mac theo hai each l i
R R
- Khi [R, nt R2] RN = Ri + R2 nhir hinh. Biet R = 9 Q ,
E E 1 5 " ' •••• h = 2,5A, I2 = 0,5A.
Ta c6: IN = RN= — - r =— - 1 = 9 i l .
Rx,+r Ij^ 0,15 ông dien trong mach c6 chieu nhu'hlnh ve. T i m E2, r2.
Ri + R2 = 9 Q B a i giai
(1)
I
- K h i [R, // R2] => R' = ^'^^ El, r, E2, r2 El, r, E2, Tj
^ R , + R2
R R
Ta c6: Is =
F
=^ R' = — - r = — - l = 2 n .
1 5 —CD—
^ Is 0,5 Hinh a Hinhb
R,R ^ h m h a , t a c 6 : I , = - ^ i ^ o 2 , 5 = i ^ : ^ « 2 5 + 2,5r2=18 + E2
r^2 _
= 2 (2)
R,+ R2 r,+ r2+ R l+r2+9
^2,5r2-E2 + 7 = 0 (1)
234 235
Cty TNHH M T V DVVH k h a i K j Vie
Bfli dU9ng hoc sinh gi6i V3t ly 11, t^P 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
E —E 18 ~ E - r 2 = l,5r2
- CJ hinh b, ta c6: I2 = — ^ 0,5 = ^ c ^ 5 + 0,5r2= I 8 - E 2 Vi : f i l l = ^2h
r,+ R I+T2+9
<:>0,5r2 + E 2 - 13 = 0 (2)
(6)
2,5r2-E2+7 = 0
- K e t hdp (1 )va (2), ta diTdc:
0,5r2+E2-'3 = 0 E2 = 12V":.q . =' va r ' i 2 = I,5r2 + r2 = 2,5r2 (7)
Vay: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon thiJ hai la E2 = 12V va r 1 1 0,6r2
- = - + L .1/
9 . 2 3 . Nguon (E, r), dien trd R va hai ^ Tir(4),(5),(6),(7),tac6: 5 I 6

E.r E,r
ampe ke A i , A2 c6 dien trd r i , r2 ]__]_ 2,5R-
— I -
mac nhir hinh. Biet E = 6 V . K h i 4 ~ I 6
A i , A2 song song cac ampe ke chi I 38
- +0,lr2 =0,2
I i = 2A, I2 = 3A. Khi A , , A2 noi 1 3 - 8 - ^ " = - ^ ' ^ ^ ^
R
tiep I j = I2 = I = 4 A . T i m cUdng l + ^r2=0,25 r2 =A^
I 6 2 2 ,9
do dong dien qua R khi khong
Vay: D o n g dien qua mach luc do la I = 5,43A.
mac ampe ke'.
9.24. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 12V, r = 2Q,
Bai giai
RAB = lOQ, C , = 0 , 2 M F , C2 = 0 , 3 .
- K h i A , mac song song vdi A2 thi dong dien qua mach chinh la:
a) Tinh dien tich m o i tu k h i :
Is = I | + I2 = 2 + 3 = 5 A
- Kmd.
E , E
M a t khac: Is = « 5 = - K dong va C d trung d i e m A B .
R + r,2+ r R + r + r,
12 b) Tim vj t r i C de khi K m d hoac
1 R + r r,2 dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu
(1)
S E E khong d d i .
- K h i A i mile noi tiep vdi A2 thi dong dien qua mach chinh la: ••*.<j .,'1,
Bai giai
E . E ^) Dien tich tren m o i ban tu: Dong dien khong ddi khong di qua cac tu C, va C2:
IN = 4 =
R + r,'2+r R+r,'2+r
12
~ Khi K m d : I = = lA E,r
R + r r,' R^B+r 10+2
12 (2)
4 1
+ H i e u dien the'giffa hai dau bp tu: UAB = IRAB = lOV.
A, ^ iB
- K h i khong mac cac ampe ke thi dong dien qua mach la: I =
R+r + Vi[C,ntC2]nenCb6=-^^= =0,12^F. —1
• C , + C2 0,2 + 0,3 ^
1 R+r
(3) + D i e n t i c h c u a b o : Q = CbUAB = 0,12.10= 1,2 îC .
=> - =
I E | V i [ C , nt C2] nen Q, = Q2 = Q = 1,2 M C . C c2
1 1
- - - + 12 (4) R 10
5 I 6
- Kethdp(l),(2),(3)tac6: , v d i : ri2 -= ^ v a 1^2=^
'•l+'-2 W K dong: V I C la trung d i e m cua A B nen: RAC = R C B = — ^ = ^ = •
(5)
4 I 6
h c6: Uc, = U A C = I R A C = 1.5 = 5 V ; Uc2 = U C B = I R C B = 1 -5 = 5V.
237
236
Bdi duong hoc sinh gioi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - NguySn Phii D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
va Qi = C | U(.^ =0,2.5 = I nC ; Q2 = C2U^^ =0,3.5 = 1,5 • 0,2.0,2

= 0 , l n F = > Q i =Q2 = 3.0,1 = 0 , 3 t i C .
Cl2 =
Vay: Khi K md thi Q, = Q. = Q = 1,2)aC; khi K dong thi Q, = 1 yiC, Q . = \5 C,+ C, 0,2 + 0,2
b) Vi tri C de khi K md hoac dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu khong ddi Vay: Khi K md, dien tich moi tu la Q, = Q2 = 0,3 .
Goi RA( = X => R(B = 10 - x; U,-.^, U^,^ la hieu dien the giiJa Ci va khi ^ J,) Dien tich moi tu khi dong K va so electron chuyen qua K khi K dong: Khi K
md; \J[.^, U^.^ la hieu dien the giiJa Ci va C2 khi K dong. dong, mach du'dc ve lai nhU' sau:
Ci/cfng do dong dien qua mach c6 gia tri khong ddi: I = 1 A.
Ta c6: U,. = ^ = i:^ = 6 V . ' Ta c6: U^.^ = U^,j = I(R,+ R,) = 1.(3 + 2) = 5V
1 C, 0,2 R.
=i>Q; =C,U,,^ =0,2.5 = H i C ^^'^
- De dien tich cac ban tu khong ddi khi K dong hoac md thi can c6:
U,. = I L . =6V (1) vi = U^^ = IR2 = 1.2 = 2V
I -1
• V
Mat khac: U., = Ix = x (2) = CjU^,^ = 0,2.2 = 0,4nC
••1
ii N
- TiJf(l), (2)suyra:x = 6Q. _ So electron chuyen qua khoa K:
+ Khi Kmd,tdng dien tich t a i M : - Q i + Q 2 = 0. ^2
TCf do: RAC = 6Q va RCB = 4Q.
Vay: Vj tri C de khi K md hoac dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu khong ddi la + Khi K dong, tdng dien tich tai M: - Q i - Q2 = - 1 - 0,4 = -1,4fiC .
RAC = 6 n va Rc„ = 4Q. + Dien tich chuyen qua khoa K khi K dong la:
9.25. Cho mach dien nhi/hinh ve: E = 6V, r = 0,5Q, R, = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R 3 = 0,5Q, AQ = 1-1,4 - 01= l,4nC= 1,4.10^'^ C
C , = C 2 = 0,2^F.
lAQI 1,4.10 -6
+ So electron chuyen qua khoa K la: n = = 8,75.1012
Ban dau K md va trU'dc khi rap vao mach cac tu chi/a tich dien. ^-l9
e 1,6.10"
a) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi K md. E,r R3
Vay: Khi dong khoa K, dien tich moi tu la Q', = 1 , Q'2 = 0,4îC va so
b) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi dong K va so -1 1 1—1 electron chuyen qua khoa K la 8,75. l O ' l
electron chuyen qua K khi K dong.
c, M c) Dien tich tren tu C 3 ; Khi thay K bang tu C 3 , mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
c) Thay K bing tu C, = 0,4^F. Tinh dien tich
II Gia sur sir phan bddien tich nhu'hinh ve:
cua tu C 3 . Xet hai triTdng hdp: E,r R3
- K du'dc thay the' khi con dang md. ,,

Ta c6: UAN = UAM + UMN = I R . = 3 V 1 1—1 1—1
- K diTdc thay the' sau khi da dong lai. ttfu, o Up - U p =3 » =- 3
II II
Ri
B a i giai
a) Dien tich moi tu khi K md: Khi K md, mach diTdc ve lai: Q2 =_ 3 o Q , - Q 2 = 0,6 L a
(1)
Dien trd mach ngoî: ^ ^ 0,2 0,2
RN = Ri + R2 + R 3 = 3 + 2 + 0,5 = 5,5Q va: UNB = UNM + UMB = IR2 = 2V
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach: Q
C, C2 <=> U ^ + U ^ = 2 o
1 = 2 ^"3 f
R^+r 5,5+0,5 A M N
R2 2 o 2Q2 + Q3 = 0,8 ( 2 ) •'
Dien tich ciia tu: Q, = Qj = Q = UANCI2 0,2 0,4
vdi UAN= U „ = I R , = 1.3 = 3V K dirdc thay the khi dang md thi tdng dien tich tai di^m M b i n g 0:
238 239
B6i dueng hpc sinh gi6i VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6rig_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVIi
-Q, - Q2 + Q3 = 0 (3) ho + 2,5r - E = 0 E = 36V

rrir(l) va (2): r = 2,4n
Q,-Q2 =0,6 Q, = 0,65^C 24 + 5 r - E = 0
Tir(l), (2), (3),ta c6: 2Q2+Q3 =0,8 Q2 = o,05^lC. ..^ j(;hi C d M, ta bo qua Ri nen so chi cua A, bang 0. :,
-Q1-Q2+Q3 =0
jîi C d N, so chi cua Ai bang dong qua Ri va bang 3A.
Vay: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 36V va r = 2,4 Q; khi
Vay: Khi K diTdc thay the khi con dang md thi Q3 = 0,7 . H , r, CdM ampe ke Ai chi 0, khi C d N ampe ke A, chi 3A.
- K diTdc thay the sau khi da dong lai thi tdng dien tich tai M la: -1,4 îC . (,) Khi C di chuyen tuf M den N, so chi cac may do thay doi nhiT the' nao?
- Q i - Q 2 + Q3 = 0 (4) r> j^hi C di chuyen tif M den N thi dien trd mach ngoai giam, dong dien qua
•Q,-Q2 =0,6 [ Q , = 1^C
mach chinh tang, so' chi cua ampe ke tang, con so chi cua von ke' giam (vi
U = E-I.r). fK^f,S-;-;
Tiir (1), (2), (4), ta c6: 2Q2+ Q3 =0,8 =^ Q2 = 0.4^C
9,27. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: bp nguon E, r
- Q , - Q 2 + Q 3 = -''4 [Q3=O .
g6m 2 day, moi day 6 pin (e = 2V, ro = 2Q)
Vay: Khi K diTdc thay the khi da dong lai thi Q3 = 0. noi tiep, bien trd RAB = 12Q, tren moi den
R
9.26. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: RA = R^j = 0, E,r ghi 1,5V - 0,75W. Djnh vi tri con chay C
Rv rat Idn, RMN = 1 2 ^ , Ri = 8Q. Khi C d M, h-
de cac den sang binh thu'dng.
ampe ke A chi 2,5A; khi C d N von ke chi Bai giai
24V. R
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke A| khi C 6 M, N. M Ta c6: Eb = 6e = 6.2 = 12V; rb = ^ = — = 6Q
b) Khi C di chuyen tif M den N, so chi cac may R, 2 2 E,1r 1
do thay doi nhif the nao? - Cirdng do dong0,75

dien dinh muTc cua den: A
R
Bai giai Mm —
= 0,5A c/^ 'B
u dm 1,5
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke Ai khi C d M, N
- K h i C d M t a b 6 q u a R i : I = 2,5A. ?
E,r
h- ^ntrd moi den: R = = 3Q
—<8Mg
0,75
E , , E y 'i
Ma: 1 = R + r o 2,5 = 12+r I- ^ _ , _ -\^Lt
12-X (vdi x > 0 ) .
R
=> 30 + 2,5r - E = 0 (1)
M
" ^ Ahn sang binh thu'dng nen: I, = 0,5A. E,r (. •
1
'J
- K h i C d N t h i [R//R,]: t'<
Luc do, UMN bang so chi cua von ke:

=Û,e = 4.1,5 = 6V; = ^ =^ RAC
ÂC ^
UMN = 2 4 h r
1
11
C R
.,, = ^ = ^ = 3 A v a I.= ^ =^=2A ^'^^ng do dong qua mach chinh: ^

R, 8 R 12 ••mi':
I
' = I, + I, = 0 , 5 + ^ . ^.
=^r =1, + i2 = 5A
j^^^înh luat 6m, ta c6: UAB = Eb - Irb. )
RR 1 _ 12.8 =4m khac: UAB = UAC + UCB = 6 + 1.(12-x)
Mat khac: F = vdi RN =
R^+r R+R, 12+8 6 + I.(i2_x) = Eb-Irb
=> 5 = E 24 + 5 r - E = 0 (2) '^^ + ( 0 , 5 + ^ ) . ( 1 2 - x ) = 1 2 - ( 0 , 5 + ^ ) . 6
4,8+ r X X
240 241
B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - IMguySn Phu D6ng oiy ii\inn iviiv uvvH Khang Vi?t
« 6 + 6-0,5x+—-6= 12-3-— ., -+x = — U3 =6V

X X . I! , .- ' . _R_
= X
pat
ER, X = -
12^_0,5x-3 = 0 <:>0,5x' + 3x-108 = 0 " ' +- - - 3
.^3 2 3 ,^^^^,^„,,^^^,,.^
=> X, = 12f2;x2 = -18Q < 0 : loai. Y l y : Khi C s A thi von ke chi 6V.
Vay: Dien trd cua phan AC la: RAC = X = 12Q; ^29, Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. E = 6V, ^
D
dientrd cua phan CB la R(» = 12 - 12 = 0 hay C = B. ' r = IQ, Ri = R3 = R4 = R5 = la R2 = 0,8Q,
9.28. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve: khi E,r thay doi tuT 0 den lOQ. Ban dau K = 2Q. R4
C = Bvon ke chi U, = 2V, khi C tai ^1 Tinh so chi cua von ke va cong suat tieu
trungdiem AB v6nkechiU2 = 3V. i ' (y) thu cua Rx khi K md va khi K dong.
Tim Ko chi
Tim SO von ke
rhi von ke khi
khi C
C =
= A
A .. •MA'h
oiS «-h 1^ A ci b) K dong, cho R, thay doi lii 0 den lOQ, cho bie't so chi von ke" va cong sua't
fs:, . Baigiai tieu thu cua Rx tang hay giam? i, :-.|> >?
ER, Bai giai
- KhiCsB,tac6:1, = U,=I,Rv = = 2V
Ry+R + r Ry+R + r a) S6' chi cua von ke' va cong sua't tieu thu ciia R^ khi K md vS khi K dong
_ Khi K md: [R, nt R2 nt R^]:
Ry+r + R 1 Ry+r R I
— = - o ——+ = - (I) + Dien trd mach ngoai: 'A - ,S >hov,(uUu,v. < '
ER„ 2 E RV„y ER,,
^ . ^ y 2
^v
RN = Ri + R2 + Rx = 1 + 0,8 + 2 = 3,8Q
AR E
- Khi C = — , ta c6: L = E,r + CU'dng do done dien qua mach: I = = = 1,25A
2 ^ Rw+^+r ^ ^ R^ + r 3,8 + 1
© Rv
ER, 4" So' chi ctia von ke' bang UAD: UAD = UAB + UBD
^ U2 = l 2 R y = = 3 vdi: UAB = E - I r = 6 - 1,25.1 =4,75V
1^
Rw+ - + r UBD = = 0 (vi I5 = 0)
R
R = > U A D = 4,75 V
_l_Rv-^r^ R _1
+ Cong suat tieu thu cua Rx: P = Rxl^ = 2.1,25^ = 3,125W. 'M
ER, 3 ERy 2ERy 3
Khi K dong: [(R, nt R2) nt (Rx // (R3 nt R4 nt R5))]
R,(R3+R4+R,)
- KhiCsA,tac6: L = + Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R I + R2 +
Ry+r R^+R3+R4+R5
1- Rv+r
(3) R.= l + 0 , 8 + ^ ( ' " ' " ' ) = 3 Q
Ry+r U3 ERy 2+1+1+1
1 R 6
CU'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 1,5A.
U3 -+-E.Ry 2 Rj^+r 3+1
- Thay(3)vao(l)va(2),tadirdc:
1 R
UcB=IR345x= 1,5.-^ = 1,8V
U3-+-2E.Ry
949
B6i du9ng hgc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khany Viel
^l^ = l^^l^= ^ = 1A= o,6A ag suat tieu thu tren Rx:

R3+R^+R, 3 U 18x
CB _ 18
•ac6:P= I x R x vdi Ix =
- = > U 5 = I,R5 = 0,6.1 = 0,6V. :..L..,
R^ (8,4 + 5,8x)x 8,4 + 5,8x
+ So chi cua von ke: UAD = UAB + ^BD
18^
vdi UAU = E - Ir = 6 - 1,5.1 - 4,5V; U^n = -UDB = - U 5 = -0,6V. P= -.X = 324x I"
(8,4 + 5,8x)^ 70,56 + 97,44x + 33,64x^ ^ X ;

= ^ UAD = 4,5 - 0,6 = 3,9V.
V
I K:hix = 0 = ^ P = 0.
+ Cong suat tieu ihu tren R^:
324
Ta c6: Ix = I - 1 3 = 1,5 - 0,6 = 0,9A = R^ = 2.0,9^ = 1,62W. Khi x 5^ 0, bieu thiJc cua P c6 the viet thanh: P =
:• :^''rv>:f: , , 70,56
+ 97,44 + 33,64x
Vay: Khi K md, so'chi von ke la 4,75V, cong suat tieu thu ciia R j la 3,125\y. X
khi K dong, so chi von ke la 3,9V, cong sua't tieu thu cua R^ la 1,62W. J« xet: P dat cifc dai khi mau so' dat cifc tieu, tuTc la: '''' I
b) So chi von ke va cong suat tieu thu cua Rx tang hay giam? Goi dien trd CQ
70,56 70,56 • ....
gia tri la x. Khi K dong, ta c6: + 33,64x + 97,44 + 33,64x
r^.. •> , , ^ r. x(R,+ R , + R.) 3x

Dien trd doan mach CB: RCB = ^ = •
r • X + RJ+R^+RJ 3 + x Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta c6; ^ ^ ^ + 3 3 , 6 4 x > J"^^'^^ .33,64x
3x 5 4 + 4 8x
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R12 + RCB = 1,8 + 3 + x 70,56
3+x => = 33,64x
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh:
j _ E 6 6(3+ x) Dau xay ra khi x = = 1,45.
Rfj+r 5,4 + 4,8x ^ ^ 8,4 + 5,8x V 33,64 :••
3+x ^
Vay: Cong suat tieu thu tren Rx c6 mot gia trj ciTc dai khi Rx = 1,45Q.
Hieu dien the hai dau A, C:
9.30. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve: bo nguon gom ba pin giong nhau ghep noi
UAC = I R . = 1.8. ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ , 3 2 , 4 + l 0 , 8 x tiep, moi pin e = 1,5V, R, = R3 = 6Q, RA = 0, R y rat Idn.
8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
>>) K md, ampe ke chi - A, von ke' chi I &
Hieu dien the'hai dau C, B:
4V. Tinh R2 va ro moi pin.
R, R3
UcB = IRCB = - ^ . - ^ ^ ^ = ( 2 ) ^'^ K dong, ampe ke chi 0. Tinh R4. A B
3 + x 8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
^' ^ K dong, ddi cho bp nguon va ampe
So' chi cua von ke' bang UAD, vdi UAD = UAC + UCB R4
cho nhau. Hoi ampe ke', von ke
T i r ( l ) va(2), suyra:
chi bao nhieu?
32,4+ 10,8x 18x 32,4 + 22,8x D K
UAD= + = (*) Bai giai
8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
c6:
De xet sir bien doi cua UAD theo x, ta c6 the lam nhiT sau: Difa vac dao ha^'
Sua't dien dpng cua bp: Eb = ne = 3.1,5 = 4,5V. "i'
ta c6: U : , ( x ) = ^ ^ ' ^ • ^ ' ^ - ^ ' ^ • ^ ^ ' ^ = ^'^ ' Dien trd cua bp: rb = nro = 3ro.
(8,4 + 5,8x)^ (8,4 + 5,8x)2
Tinh R2 va ro moi pin: Khi K md, so' chi cua ampe ke bang dong I2 qua R2, so
Ta thay U]^p(x) luon Idn hdn 0 vdi moi x nen ham UAD luon tSng khi x tang *^hi ciia von ke bang UAB:
vay: Khi Rx thay ddi ttr 0 den 1OQ thi so chi cua von ke luon tSng. = UAC + UCB = U ^ ^ + U ^ ^ = U ^ ^ + U ^ ^ (1) " '' '.A
244 'A^rK, 245
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
i duano hoc sinh gioi vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
^ UAU = 0 va IA = 0.
..(2) -<v> Yay: So' chi von ke v^ ampe ke deu bang 0.
x \ Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: r = I Q ,
Ii R, g, = I Q , R2 = 4 Q , R:, = 3Q, R4 = 8Q,
A >-»-
L j ^ , = 1,5V. T i m E.
=>I, =
u ^2 _ ^21^2 _ 3 ^ _ ^2 Bai giai i
R, R, R, 18
U=3 hr K
Ta ''"O- '--'MN = U M A + UAN = - U A M + U M N
- , U M N = - I | R I +I2R2 = - I l . l +12-4
^ 1,5= - I , + 4l2 , . , I (1)

R9 ^
2R.
-+2 ^ Matkhac: I | ( R | + R^) = l2(R2 + R4)
Thay (2) va (3) vao (1): U A » = - ^ + - ^ + 2 0 1,(1 + 3 ) = l 2 ( 4 + 8)z:>l2 = ^ I , (2) A
Ma U M , = 4V 1 + 2 = 4 =^ R^ = 3 ^ .
2R, 1 1
- Thay (2) vao (1), ta diTdc: 1,5 = - 1 , + - I , . 4 - - I ,
M a t k h a c : UAn = E b - I . r b
:^ I i = 4 , 5 A ; l 2 = 1,5A=:>I = I , + I 2 = 6 A
vdi: i = l , + l , = : i ^ + l = A + l=o,5A
18 3 18 3 (1 + 3 ) . ( 4 + 8)
- Mat khac: I =
R^+r R,+ R 3 + R 2 + R 4 1+3+4+8
=:> 4 = 4 , 5 - 0 , 5 r j , r^, = I Q o Sr^ = 1 = .
06 = E = 24V.
3+ 1
V a y : R2 = 3 Q , d i e n trd ciia moi pin la to = ^ f i .
Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon la E = 24V.
b) Tinh R4: K h i K dong, ampe ke chi 0, do do mach la mach cau can bang, ttfc la:
^•32. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = R.i =
R, _ R , R,R2 _ 6.3 20Q, R, = lOQ. K h i R4 = 5,5Q, mac mot
= 3n
R3 R, R, von ke (Ry rat lotn) vao C B , von ke chi
V a y : R4 = 3 f i . 6,75V. K h i R4 = 20Q, mac mot ampe ke
c) So chi ampc k c , von ke khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke: K h i K dong, doi ci ( R A = 0) vao C B , ampe ke chi 0,875A.
bo nguon va ampe ke'cho nhau, ta c6 mach: Tinh cu'dng do dong dien qua mach
<^hinh trong hai truTdng hdp tren.
* % u 6 n du-clc tao nen bdi m day song song, m o i day c6 n acquy giong nhau
•â'c noi tiep. B i e t suat dien dong va dien trd trong m o i acquy la e = 2 V , fo =
R, ^ R'> R, R2
m, n. E, r
B a i giai — H-
cirdng do dong dien qua mach chinh
I B
R, R4 •""•^"g hdp R 4 = 5,5Q, Ucii = 6,75V.
X R4
D ^c6: UcB = UrM + U M u = U „ +U„
R3 B R4 R3
I,
U,^^ = i ^ R 3 = 2 0 1 , ; U , ^ = I R , = 5,51
Vi nen mach bay g i d cung la mach cau can bang
R2
R3 R4 247
B6i duSng hoc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11. t j p 1 - IMguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khar.g Vi?!
= 2OI3 + 5,51 (1)

^ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
Mat khac: I,R, = I,(R: + R.O =^ 201, = 301,, =^ I , = l,5h
va: I = ! , + ! , = 1,51, + I , = 2,5l3
=> Ucu = 2OI3 + 5,5.2,51, = 33,751., o 6,75 = 33,75l3 0,5 = — 8,75 + 0,5— = 2n (7)
= ^ I 3 = 0,2A; I = 2,5.0,2 = 0,5A. 17,5+"-
m
- Tri/dng hdp R 4 =^ 20i2, mach dien di/dc ve lai: Xru-dng hdp R 4 = 20Q:
E, r E, R R
r
+ Dien trd mach ngoai: R^ = — ^ '^"^ ,
R2+R,34
I, I, 'i' M
-* 1 1 BE,
vdi:Rn4 = R, + - ^ = 2 0 + ^ = 3 0 J ^
—
R3+R4 20+20
I4 R4
X ^ R ^ . - ^ . 7 , 5 Q
c
R, ^ ^ '2 R2 ^ 1 0 + 30
- So chi cua ampe ke: IA = I2 + I3 = 0,875 (2)
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I ' = —
R R 20 20
- Mat khac: I2R2 = Ii(Ri + o IOI2 = I|.(20 + — : )
^ R
" 3 + R" 4 20 + 20 2n
o 1= — o 7,5 + — = 2n (8) :f;J •
n m
o 101, = 301, ^ I , = ^ (3) 7,5 +
3 m
Ta lai c6: I3R3 = I4R4 o 2OI3 = 2OI4
8,75 + 0,5— = 2 n
(4) - Tir(7) va (8), tacohe: m
Ma: l3 + l4 = I| ^ I , = l4= — = 213 (5) 7,5 + — = 2n

2 m
..I../ ' f j r
n =5
- TLr(3),(5)suyra:2l3= =>U = ^ (6) 8,75 + 0,5k = 2n
Datk = — , ta diTdc: •
3 o m 7,5 + k = 2n k = - = -=> m = ,.W„.,i;:|,i-t-*
2 ,
m 2
- Tir (2), (6) suy ra: h+ — = 0,875 => ^ = 0,875
6 6 Vay:m = 2 v a n = 5. ^ »
'^•33. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 18V,
=> L = 0,75A ; I , = ^ = 0,25A; I ' = I , + = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 A.
r = IQ, R , = 3Q, R2 = 5Q, C, = 2 M F ,
Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua m-ach chinh trong hai tru'dng hdp tren la O,'^ C2 = 6 îF . Ban dau K, md, K2 dong. r ^^^.j., |,
va l A . Tinh UMN trong hai tru'dng hdp sau: 'S- >
b) Tim m, n , urifi, : E>6ng K, tru'dc, md K2 sau.
^ K2 trirdc, dong K, sau.
Ta c6: Eb = ne = 2n; r^ = = — (e = 2V; TQ = 1 Q )
m m Bai giai
- Tru'cJnghdpR4 = 5,5Q:
^Îu6nc6:l= ^ = 2A c > y*v-^.^
+ Dien tra mach ngoai: R . = ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ + R , = ^ ^ l i l ^ , 5,5 = 17,5^^ Rj + R j + r 3+5+1
R, + R , + R , 2 0 + 1 0 + 20
249
24?
B6i duSng hoc sinh gidi V5t ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyen Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang ViOt
UcN = = IR, = 2.3 = 6 V ; UNB = = I R ^ = 2 . 5 = lOV

^ - 2 U ^ ^ , + 6U^-2 (4)
=^ UcB = UcN + U N B = 6 + 1 0 = 1 6 V . Tif ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) , ta c6:

- Ban dau K i m d , K 2 dong, ta c6 mach nhiT sau: U' =4,5V
=UNB = 10V:=^Q2 =C2U,.^ = 6.10 = 60^C
^2u;;.j + 6u;.^ = 6o U' = 11,5V
a) Dong K i triTdc, m d K 2 sau:
- K h i dong K|, ta c6 mach nhu" hinh a 1: :z> U M N = U M C + U C N
= - U ; , ^ + UcN = - 4 , 5 + 6 = 1 , 5 V . ,
Vay: K h i m d K 2 tru'dc, dong K| sau thi U M N = 1 , 5 V . i

04. Ba dien t r d deu bang Ro, mdc theo cdc each khdc nhau va Ian lU'cft no'i vao
mpt nguon dien khong d d i xac dinh.
Khi ba dien trd mac no'i tiep, cUdng dp dong dien qua m o i dien trd bhng 0,2A.
_ Khi ba dien t r d mac song song, cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d cung
bang 0,2A.
a) Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien trd trong cac tru'dng hdp con l a i .
b) Can bao nhieu dien trd Ro va m^c the nao de khi no'i vao nguon dien khong
Ta c6: = U^,.^ =6W => Q^= C , U , = 2.6 = 12^C ddi noi tren, cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d deu bang 0,1 A .
- K h i m d K 2 ta c6 mach nhi/ hlnh a2: Bai giai ,
Taco: U ' +\J' = U ^ . = 16V a) Cifdng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d trong cac tru'dng hdp c6n l a i : G p i E, r
(1)
Ian liTpt la sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: ••• '
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c ndî tiep:
Ro Ro Rfl
-Q;+Q2 = -Q1+Q2 = - 1 2 + 60 = 4 8 » -C,U;.^ + CjU^.^ = 4 8 B
Ta c6: RAB = 3Ro
o - 2 U c j + 6U;,^ = 4 8 : (2) E E
=> 1 = o 0,2 = I—
3Ro+r 3Ro+r E,r
U' +U' =16 U' =6V
^1
- T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , taco: o 0,6Ro+0,2r = E (1)
U' =lOV RO'
-2V' + 6U' = 48
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c song song:
Ro
=> UMN = UMC + UcN = - U f j + U c N = - 6+ 6= 0. B
T a c o : RAB = I' =
Vay: K h i dong K i trUdc, m d K 2 sau thi U M N = 0. R. Ro
-+r
b) M d K 2 trirdc, dong K| sau: K h i m d K 2 tru^dc, dong K, sau thi mach dien du't*^
ve l a i n h u h i n h b l : ' «^ ^1 3 dien t r d d e u bKng nhau nen dong
T a c 6 : U;,^ + U c 2 = U ( . , j = 16V =i H« î6n qua m o i dien trd la: E, r

' I.
E E
Do m d K 2 trirdc r o i m d i dong K, nen tdng dien tich tai d i e m M b^ng dien t'c'' o 0,2 =
3
ban dau cua C 2 : (^+r).3 (^+r).3
- Q ' l + Q 2 = Q 2 = 60 o - C , U ^ j + CjU^^ = 60
^ 0,2Ro+0,6r = E (2)
OCA 25]
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
B6i duBng hoc sinh gidi V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
0,8R„
0,6R„+0,2r = E [ E - 0 , 2 r = 0,6Ro J E = 0,8]^ <=> 0,\ 0.1= R ° ^ n = 7
T L r ( l ) va ( 2 ) , ta c 6 :
0,2Ro+0,6r = E [E - 0,6r = 0,2Rp [r = R^ " (^+r)n (—0-+r)n
n n
n ( ^n+ R o ) n
- Cac each mac con lai: y | y : Can 7 dien trd RQ va m^c noi tiep hoac song song nhau.
I Ro Ro 935. Co n acquy (E,r) giong nhau noi vdi dien trd mach ngoai R. Tim dieu kien de
Ro
A,-
^-ciD-c:
Ro
ciTdng do dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau.
A,- Ro - C D - B a i giai
j^jii n acquy no'i tiep, ta c6: Eb = nE va rb = nr. ' '
nE
1= (1)
R + r^ R + nr
E,r E,r
Khi n acquy song song, ta c6: Eb = E va rb = - .
Hinh a Hinh b
_ 3Ro n
'AB 2 " 2 = > I ' = RT +r ^
R+ - (2)
b r, = —
0,8Ro = 0,32A n
3R. 3R„ - De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau thi:
-+ r 2 ° I = I ' o nE <=> nR + r = R + nR => R = r.
vai, =I2 = i = ^ =0,16A. R + nr „ r
R+ -
2RnR. -^^=0,48A Vay: De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhu" nhau
+ Vdi hinh b: RAB = = - R . => I =
" ' " 2 R o + R o ~ 3 ^ ^ ° ' - 2R^ 2R. -+R. thi R = r.
+r 9.36. Co N = 80 nguon giong nhau, moi nguon c6 e = 1,5V, ro = I Q mac thanh x
Vi I2 = 21, va I2 +1] = 0,48 =^ I2 = 0,32A va I, = 0,16A. day song song, moi day y nguon noi tiep. Mach ngoai la dien trd R. Tim x, y
b) Can bao nhieu dien trc! Ro va mac the nao? de cirdng do qua R Idn nha't.
Vi ci/dng do dong dien qua moi dien trd deu bang nhau va b^ng 0,1 A nen chi X6t khi R bang: a) 5Q. b) 6Q.
CO the mac cac dien trd noi tiep hoac song song.
Goi n la so dien trd RQ: Tac6:Eb=:yE=:i,5>;rb=^ = - ( i ) R
- TrUdng hdp mile noi tiep, ta c6: RAB = "Ro X X
-c
0,8Ro xy = N = 80 (2)
o 0,1 = => n = 7 .
nRQ+ r nRQ+ RQ , .,1 n V Cu6ng do dong dien qua dien trd R:
X day
R E (3)
Trirdng hdp mac song song, ta c6: RAB = — => I = R+
n Rr
+r X
Vi CO n dien trd Ro mac song song nSn dong dien qua moi dien trd la: ^Tây(2)vi.o,-,; ta dtldc: I = - 1 ^ ^ ^ = y nguon
Rx 4 y Rx + y
y = y-nax thi M (Rx + y) dat aic tieu. ''
• 'J'?:,
253
Bi5i diOng hpc sinh gioi Vatjy 11. Ijip 1 - IMguygn Phu"D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
- VI X, y deii diTdng nen Iheo bat ddng thiJc Co-si, ta c6:

^ Thay (1) vac (2), ta difdc: 99 < 21780
^ ,2, < 121 9,8 < X < 16,5
Rx + y > l^R^y o (Rx + y),,,,„ = 2 ^ ^ ^
Da'u xay ra khi Rx = y (4) Vi X la so nguyen nen so'den ciTc dai la x = 16.
9 38. Cho cac mach dien c6 sd do nhii sau:
Rx = y 80 ;y = R j ^ = V80R
- Ket hdp (4) vdi (2), ta c6: E
+,r
=> X =
xy = 80 R R 1" K
1
80 = 4 M i C
c
X= II 1 ^
a) Vdi R = 5Q II CII B
2R 1
^, ,, [y = 78a5=20 „ i;, „;.; „.4n:. R 2R
1 1 ' 1
Vay: Vdi R = 5Q thi bo nguon gom 4 day va mSi day c6 20 acquy. 1 1 1 ^
Hinh 1 Hinh 2
80 R
b) Vdi R = 6Q X= = 3,65 &nX'^^S'' Nguon CO sua't dien dpng E va dien trd trong T = —. Cac tu dien c6 dien
y = %â6 =21,9 dung C ban dau chiTa tich dien. Dien trd cac day no'i va khoa khong dang ke.
•••••
Vi X, y nguyen va xy = 80 nen suy ra x = 4; y = 20. a) Tinh dien liTdng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien cho tren.
Vay: Vdi R = 6Q till bp nguon gom 4 day va moi day c6 20 acquy. b) Tinh nhiet lu'dng toa ra tren dien trd R trong mach (2). ; ,
9.37. Nguon E = 180V, r = 2Q dan dien den ndi tieu thu nhd di/dng day dan dien ; ~ Bai giai
trd R = 4 Q . Ndi tieu thu c6 mot so den 1 lOV - lOOW mac song song. Tim so E,r .E,r
+ l~ A K
den ciTc dai c6 the th^p sang sao cho hieu di$n the hai dau den sai lech
1
khong qua 10% hieu dien the' dinh mtfc. C M M C
Bai giai C
1! B
R 2R 2R
- Ta c6: U^,., = 1 lOV; R^ = = ^ = 12m. 1 1
N N
Fr-i 100 Hinh 1
Goi X la so" den mile song song (x nguyen, dUdng): Hinh 2
aljDien lu'dng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien
R 121 |Vdihinh(l):
- Dien trd cua bo den la: —^ = . V Khi K md: q, = 0, qj = 0 q = 0.
X X E
- 1CUdng .180x Khi K dong: Dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = ,'.>A i\u
= dp dong dien qua mach ngoai:
121 + 2^ 6x+ 121
E E +r 4
A
+ —
180
X X Vdi:RN = R + 2R = 3R;-r= - 1 =
' ~ 7R
- Hieu dien the giCTa hai dau den la: 2 2
U = I- 180x 121 21780 (1) 2F 4F
X 6X+121 x 6x4-121 UAM = IR = ; UMB = I.2R =
—
- De hieu dien the giffa hai dau den sai lech khong qua 10% (10% = 0,1) h'^^' 2EC 4EC
dien the dinh miJcthi: 110-0,1.110 q, = C U A M = - ^ ; q 2 = c u M B = -—.
o 99 Q ^ ^ = - C E ^
+ Tong dien tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi d i e m M la: Q'M = - q i + q2 = —
2CE khac: QR + Q2R = Q A M = C E ' (3)
+ D i e n liTdng truyen qua M N la: Aqj^^^ = ' 1 M " 1 M ' = Q 2R

^ [ R / / 2 R ] nen: - ^ = — =2
•' . 2CE ^2R
Vay: O hinh 1, dien li/dng truyen qua M N la A q ^ ^ = va truyen t(r M
(4)
den M . r
- V d i hinh (2): r *' Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: 2Q2R + QZR = - C E ^
+ V i dong dien khong chay qua cac tu dien nen: U M B = U N B = E.

=:>Q2R = T 7 C E ' ; Q R = 2 . A C E ^ = AcE^
=>q;=CU^B=CE;q^=CU^3=CE
21 21 21
+ T o n g dien liTdng d i qua A la: q'A = q ' l + q'2 = 2CE. 1
vay: Nhiet liTdng toa ra tren R la: Q,^ = 2\
+ G o i dien lu'dng truyen qua A M la A q , , qua A N la Aq2 .
2 DINH L U A T O M C H O C A C L O A I D O A N M A C H
A q , + A q 2 = 2CE Aq, = j C E
9.39. Nguon dien (E, r ) , khi dien trd match ngoai la R i = 2 Q thi ciTcfng dp d6ng
Ta c6: Aq
dign qua R i la I , = 8A. K h i dien trd mach ngoai la R2 = 5 Q thi hieu dien the
Aq, R Aq, = - C E
hai dau nguon la U2 = 25V. T i m E, r.
Bai giai
+ D i e n lU'dng truyen qua M N la: IAq^j^l = l - C E - C E l = - C E .
- Khi R = R, = 2Q, ta c6: I = =— =8A
Rj+r 2+r
Vay: 6 hinh 2, dien liidng truyen qua M N la JAqj^j^j = - j C E va truyen tCr M
:i>E-8r-16 = 0 (1)
denN.
- Khi R = R2 = 5Q, ta c6: UAB = IR2 = ^ ^ R . = — = 25
b) Nhiet lifdng tea ra tren R trong mach (2): Rj+r 5+r
- Ta c6: D i e n li/dng truyen qua nguon la: q ' = 2CE 5E-25r-125 = 0 (2)
=^ Cong cua nguon dien la: A = q'E = 2 C E I
'E-8r-I6 =0 E = 40V
- M a t khac: NSng lu'dng cua hai tu dien la: T t r ( l ) va (2), t a c o :
5E-25r-5 = 0 r = 3n
W = W, + W2 = - C E 2 + - C E ^ = C E ^ , pi ^ Hy: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 4 0 V ; r = 3 Q .
2 2 ' •
- Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng liTdng, ta c6: Q = A - W = 2CE^ - CE^ = CE^ Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve:
E = 170V, r = 5 a R, = 195Q,
Qr + Q A M = Q = C E ' (1)
^2 = R 3 = 200Q, von ke c h i
O r R R 2R 2
- V i r nol tiep R A M nen: ^ = , vdi: r = - va R A M = — — - = - R ' ^ V . T i m dien trd von k e .
ÂM ^ K+ZK 3
B a i giai
R
^Pdung dinh luat 6 m cho doan mach chiJa nguon, ta c6: R2
(2) ^ C B = E - I ( R | + r ) = 1 7 0 - 1 ( 1 9 5 + 5) (1)
ÂM -R
khac, so chi cua von ke bhng lOOV nen: j
3
U c B = 100 (2)
257
256
uty n
- T i r ( l ) va (2) suyra: 170-2001 = 100 : nm UAD: Ta c6: UAD = UAC + U C D = IR3 + I 2 R 2
=:>I = 0,35A
CiTcJng do dong dien qua R 2 va R3 la:
'
Ma h= U^n = 1,125.2 +^
2 +6
.2 = 2,7V .
- R2+R4
100 Vay: Dien trd R 4 = 6 Q , hieu dien the giffa A va D la UAD = 2,7V.
I2 = = 0,25A
R2+R3 200 + 200 So chi cua ampe ke ^ Qj, !
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua von ke la: Iv = I - I2 Khi K i , K 2 deu dong, mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhu"sau: *,
=>Iv = 0,35-0,25 = 0 , l A |, Ta c6: IA = I2 + I4 -j : ,3, ;^.s; fv v '•~' ^'

R,R,
- Dien trd cua von ke: Ry = ^ = — = lOOOQ, R,23= R,+ ' ' = 2 + ^ = 3 Q ^
R2+R3 " 2 + 2
R,
Vay: Dien trd cua von ke la Rv = lOOOQ. R,„.R, 3 6 * D,A B
R N = R,234 = „ ' = = 2fl
9.41. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve: •<v> R,23+R4 3+6
«
E, r R4
E = 6,3V, r = 2Q, R, = R 2 = R 3 rdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
= 2Q, R A = 0, Rv rat Idn. ' ' 6,3 I4
R3
= 1,575A
a) Tim so chi von ke khi K | , K 2 deu md. RN + T 2+2
b) K| md, K 2 dong, von kechi 4,05V. ::> U^3 = E - I r = 6,3-1,575.2 = 3,15V
Tim R 4 va U A D . R,
(6) / _ U 4 _ 3,15
c) Tim so chi ciia ampe ke' khi K | , K 2 R4 4a: U 4 = UAB = 3,15 => L = = 0,525A
- • - R , 6
deu dong. D
Bai giai I3 + I2 + I4 = I =^ I3 + I2 = I -14 = 1,575 - 0,525 = 1,05A.
a) So' chi von ke' khi K|, K 2 deu md Mat khac, vi R , = R 3 nen 1. = L = -1^ = 0,525A .
Khi K|, K 2 deu md, mach ngoai chi gom [R3 nt RJ:
E 6,3 IA = I2 +14 = 0,525 +0,525 = 1,05A. .'i^^^',':,^^ ,
CUdng do dong dien qua mach: I = = 1,05A
R,+R3 + r 2+2+2 Vay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 1,05A.
''•42. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, bo
So chi cua von ke: UAB = E - Ir = 6,3 - 1,05.2 = 4,2V.
R. R. R,
nguon gom 8 pin, moi pin c6 e = 2V,
Vay: So chi von ke'khi K,, K 2 deu md la 4,2V.
To = 1 0 mic thanh 2 day song song
b) Tim R 4 va U A D : Khi K, md, K 2 dong, ta c6: R3 nt [ R i / / ( R 2 nt R 4 ) ] (hmh ve):
moi day 4 pin. Dien trd R , = 24Q,
, Taco: UAB = E - I r
1^2= 12Q, R 3 = 8Q, R4 = 2Q, R A = 0,
'=>I = i ± M = « ^ = ,.,-25A Rv rat Idn.
R4
r 2 A Tim so' chi cua cac ampe ke. . D
Mat khac: UAB = UAC + Uce = IR3 + UCB R, B
Tim so chi ciia von ke'. Dau du'dng \ If
o 4 , 0 5 = 1,125.2+ UcB=ÛcB= 1,8V . R3
i p von ke'phai no'i vdi diem nao?
R2 R4
Bai giai
I 1,125 D Wchi cua cdc ampe ke: V i dien trd cua cac ampe ke b i n g 0 nen mach c6
2.(2+ R , ) ^hl du'cJc ve lai nhu'sau:
<=> 1,6= - — - — — .R4 =6a »
R,+ R 2 + R 4 2 + 2 + R.
25 )
_B6i dusng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann ViSt
Ta thay: U D C > 0 = ^ V D - Vc > 0 = ^ V D > Vc.

Vay: So' chi von ke' la I V , ciTc difdng cua von ke no'i vdi d i e m D ( V Q > Vc).
'3 Rj
9 43. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. C
R4
®
M o i nguon e = 2V, r = I Q , dien
I: R, trd R i = 1 ^ , R2 = 12fi, R3 = 6Q,
= 2 Q , tu C = 0,8 M F , R A = 0 , . R2 R3
D
R,
R4
Rv rat Idn. Tinh:
D Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong
cua bp nguon.
Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon: b) So' chi cac ampe ke va von k e .
Eb = 4e = 4.2 = 8 V ; fb = — = — = 2Q c) Dien tich cua tu dien.

2 2 B a i giai
a) Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon
D i e n trd mach ngoai: R N = R123 + R 4 = + R4
- V i dien trd cua cac ampe ke bang 0 va R y ra't Idn nen mach dUdc ve lai nhiT sau:
R2.R3 „ 24.4,8 C
vdi: R23 = = 4,8V => RN = + 2 =6Q
R2+R3 12 + 8 24 + 4,8
8
R, R, R4
R3 N
Cu-dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh; I = -Rj^
— +2 —r, = _6 — _ = 1A .
+ 2
M
1
U A B = IR12.1 = 1.4 = 4 V z:>I, = - J ^ = — = - A D
R, 24 6
— f i y
=Î2 + I3 = I - I , = 1-7 = | A
1 1
(1) 1 1
6 6
E
M a t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 o I 2 I 2 = 8 I 3 (2) 1
Tir(l)va(2)suyra: I 2 = -l A
A ;;il33 = -iA .
3 ^ 2 Sua't d i e n dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon:
Vay: + So'chi cua ampe ke' 1 bkng: I = l A .

Eb = 2e = 2.2 = 4V; rb = = r^ = I Q
+ So chi cua ampe ke 2 b^ng: I2 +13 = - A.

6 S6' chi cac ampe ke va . ^ .c
+ S6' chi cua ampe ke' 3 b^ng: I i + I2 = ^ + j = 0,5A . Ta c6: [ R , nt (R2 // R3) nt R 4 ] = ^ R23 = - ^ ^ ^ ^ = = 4Q
R2+R3 12 + 6
b) S6' chi cua v o n ke: So chi cua von ke' bang do Idn cua U D C - '=^RN = RI234 = R I + R 2 3 + R 4 = 1 + 4 + 2 = 7Q •>
Taco: UDC = UDA + UAC
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = = 0,5A
U D A = - I . R 4 = -1.2 = - 2 V ; U A C = 2 e - - . 2 r „ = 2 . 2 - - . 2 . 1 = 3 V 7+1
2 " 2
=Î2 + I3 = 0,5 (1)
r:>UDt' = - 2 + 3 = I V .
^•1t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 < ^ I 2 I 2 = 6 I 3 (2)
261
260
Bfii duang hpc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu E)6ng Cty INilll MIV DVVH Khang Vigt
1 E 18
Tu-(l)va(2)suyra: = - A; I , = - A . Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = ^— = = l 8A
R^+r, 7,5 + 2,5 '
So chi cua ampe ke 1: U i = I3 = ^ = 0,33A . =1=1,8 [ l , + I =1,8 f l , =0,45A
Ta co: •
[I,(R,+ Rp) = l2R2 [301,-1012=0 [l2 = l , 3 5 A ' ,
So chi cua ampe ke 2: IA2 = I = 0,5A.
So chi cua von keco gia tri bang do Idn cua UDF,: Vay: Cir5ng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh la • '' -
1= 1,8A, I | = 0 , 4 5 A , l 2 = 1,35A.
Ta c6: VDE = U D A + UAH
0,5 [,) Dp sang den thay doi ra sao
I
vdi: U i M = - I R i --0,5.1 =-0,5V; UAH = e - --TQ = 2 - 4 - . 1 = 1,75V _ R^CRi+R,,) ^ R2(Ri + 12)
Ta c6: RH = = , (,l)
=>UD,.; = - 0 , 5 + 1 , 7 5 = I,25V. Rj+Ri+R,-, R2+R, + 12
' Vay: Cac ampe ke chi 0,33A, 0,5A; von ke chi 1,25V. it;) E
Ci/ctng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
c) Dien tich ciia tu dien
Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau tu dien bang UAM:
E E
Hieudienthe haidau A , B : UAB = I R N = =
UAM = U A C + U c N = IRi + I2R2 = 0,5.1 + -.12 = 2,5 V.
6
Dien tich ciia tu dien: q = C U A M = 0,8.2,5 = 2 = 2.10 *C.
E,
9.44. Bo nguon gom 20 pin gio'ng nhau, moi Cirdng dp dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ (2)
— I I - - 1
pin CO e = 1,8V, r,, = 0,5Q mac thanh 2 day ^'""^^ ( i + ^ ) ( R , + i2)
song song, moi day 10 pin no'i tiep. 1 1
^N,,,
- I I --
Den thuoc loai 6 V - 3 W . T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , tadiTdc:
Ban dauR, = 18Q, R2 = lOQ. i E. Eb
1
I, = (2')
a) Tun cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh V—y ^^(R.+R, + 12)r,
N
.(R. + 12) R, + 12+,,+ ^ ^ i ^ ' ' ^ ' ^
va moi nhanh. R2(Ri+I2) R2
i
b) Tang R2 hoac R|, dp sang den thay doi ra sao? 1
Ta tha'y, neu Rj giff nguyen con tang R2 thi mau so cua bieu thufc (2') giam
c) Ri = 18Q. Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh miifc. R2
nen dong qua den se tang, den se sang hdn.
d) R2 = lOQ. Tim R| de den sang dung dinh muTc.
Neu R2 khong doi, tang R| thi mau so cua bieu thiJc (2' se tang nen dong qua
B a i giai
den giam, den giam sang.
a) Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh mile
Taco: Eb = ne= 10.1,8= 18V ThayR| = 18fi vao (2') ta diWc:
r.= ^ = lM^=2,5Q I,= _ = (3)
m 1
18+12 + 2 , 5 + ( ^ ± ' 2 ) : M 32,5R,+ 75
RD = = 12Q A
P 3 '
R, ^
E)edensdngbinhthi/cJngthiI, =Id,„: gj- i .r Ji>-:6g
Dien trcl mach ngoai: I2' N
i li = Ic:,„= ^ - 7 = 0,5A (4) '
_ R ; ( R | + R , ) ) _ 10.(18+ 12) _
RN = = 7,5fi U, 6
R 2 + R , + RD 10+18+12 R2
0^0
B6i doBng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
18R. + TCr (5) va (6) ta c6: - I = 1,5 + 0,51

hay (4) vao (3) ta diTcJc: 0,5 = => R , - 21,4n
32,5R2+75 I = - 1 A: d6ng dien thiTc te nguWc chieu ta chon. ^ :,v> « I :.M > •
+ So chi cua von ke la U A B = - ( - 1 ) = I V , ciTc du-dng cua v 6 n kS' n o i vdi A
Vay: Be den sang diing dinh miirc thi R 2 = 21,4Q.
(VA>VB).
d) T i m R i de den sang diing dinh mtfc
9 4 6 . Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve, E j = 6 V , rj = I Q ,
Thay R2 = lOQ vao (2') ta diTctc: Ei, r, E2,
' E2 = 4 V , T2 = 2Q, R A B = Vf2, Rv rat Wn.
J ^ 18 ^ 180
Tim so chi cua von ke neu: ^
^ ' ^ . . 1 2 . 2 , 5 . ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^
' 10
_
_
C triing A .
C d vi tri R A C = 1 ^ - J
®
D e den sang binh thiTdng thi I , = Id,,, = 0,5A:
180
b) Tinh R A C de von ke chi 0; chi I V .
A
CD-
0,5 = R , = 14,8f^. Bai giai
12,5R,+175
6 + 4
Ta cd: Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach: I = = lA.
Vay: D e den sang dung djnh rnHc t h i R , = 14,8Q . 7+1+2
9.45. Ba nguon giong nhau, moi nguon c6: e = 1,5V, r = 0,5Q va mot von k- a) So'chi cua von ke'
(Rv ra't Idn) Ian liTdt mac theo ba scf do nhiT hinh ve. T i n h so chi von ke i; Ei,r,
- Khi C = A : R A C = 0, R C B = 7Q.
moi sd do. Ta c d : U c M = E , - I r , = 6 - 1 . 1 = 5 V .
Vay: So' chi cua von ke b^ng 5V, ciTc dUdng
cua von k e n o ' i vdi C.
- K h i C d v i t r i RAC=
=^ UcM = E , - I(r, + R A C ) = 6 - 1.(1 + I ) = 4 V .
Vay: So chi cua von ke bKng 4 V , ciTc du'dng cua von ke' noi v d i C.
b) Tinh R A C
- Ta luon cd: U C M = E , - I(ri + R A C ) = 6 - (1 + R A C ) = 5 - R A C ^ R A C = 5 - U C M
Hinh a - De von ke chi 0: U C M = 0 = > R A C = 5Q.

Hinh b Hinhc
- De von ke chi 1V: U C M = ± 1 V (dau " + " i^ng v d i ciTc du'dng no'i v d i C, dau " - "
Gia suf dong dien trong mach c6 chieu n h i / h i n h ve:
\ing vdi ciTc du'dng no'i vdi M ) .
- Hinh a: Nhanh tren: U A B = 2e - I.2ro (1)
R^^ = 5 + 1 = 6Q
N h a n h d i r d i : UAB = - e + Iro (2)
R^^ =5-1 =4^ •
1,5
+ TCf (1) va (2) ta c6: 2e - I.2ro = - e + Iro = — = — = 3A
To 0,5 Vay: D e v o n ke chi so 0 thi R A C = 5Q; de von ke chi I V thi R A C = 6Q hoac
+ So chi cua von ke: U A B = 2.1,5-3.2.0,5 = 0. RAC = 4Q. ^ Ei,r, E2, r2

- H i n h b : N h a n h t r e n : U A B = - 2 e + I.2ro = -3 + I (3) > 9 . 4 7 . Cho mach dien nh\i hinh ve:
— I— — I —
Nhanh dirdi: U A B = - e - I . r o = - 1 , 5 - 0 , 5 1 (4) E, = 6 V , E2 = 3V, r, = r2 = I Q ,
+ TCr (3) vh (4) ta c6: -3 + I = -1,5 - 0,51 I = 1 A; U A B = -3 + 1 = - 2 V . R, = 5Q, R2 = 3Q, R v rat Idn.
+ So chi cua von ke la 2V, ciTc difdng noi vdi B . ^) V o n ke V chi 0. Tinh R3.
B
^) Dao vj t r i cac cifc cua mot trong D
- Hinh c: Nhanh tren: U A B = -I.2ro = - I (5)
Nhanh diTdi: U A B = e + I.ro = 1,5 + 0,51 (6) hai nguon. T i m so chi cua von ke.
265
B6i di/Sng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguygn PhO £)6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
B a i giai UAB > 0: Tii (2), de UAH > 0 thi:

a) Tinh R 3 : Ta c6: E,,r, E2, rj
P r
— I_ B
3R.
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R , + (R + r2)E,-E2r, > 0 ^ E, > ^
''^R2+R3 3+R3
Ei, r, E2, I
b)
C pg' UAB < 0: TCr (2), de UA„ < E^r,
0 thi:
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach: I = (R + r2)E,-E2r, < 0 =:>E, <
6+3 = 9(3 + ^ 3 ) ^ e ' UAH = 0: TiT (2), de UAB = 0 thi: (R + r2)E, - E.r, = 0
=i> I = - R,
IOR3+2I 1
J
D' ^ => E, =
3 + R3
R. ' R+r,
Ta c6: UDC = UDB + âc = IR23 - E2 + hj = ICRj.i + rz) - E2 E r
9.(3 + R3) Vay: De UAB > 0 thi Ej > —
R ^+ -r.^ ; de UAB < 0 thi E, < R + r, ; de UAB = 0 thi
-+ 1 - 3 = 4R3+3 -3
IOR3 + 2 ! 3 + R^ IOR3+2I
E - - ^
De von ke chi so 0: UQC = 0 <=> -
' ~ R + r.
•2 fiOcN -7
-.(4R3+3)-3 = 0
iOR3 +21 El, r,
9.49. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R = lOQ, r, = r2 = I Q .
h-
36R3 + 27 - 3OR3 - 63 = 0 R3 = 6 Q . RA = 0. Khi xe djch con chay bien trd Ro, so' chi ampe R«
E2, r2
Vay: R3 =6n. ke'khong doi va bang l A . — I—
b) So chi cua von ke khi dao ci/c cua mot nguon: Gia suT dao ciTc cua nguon E2, ^mEi.Ej.
cirdng do dong dien qua mach la: B a i giai
R
3.(3 + 6) ^ _1_^ - Vi khi xe dich con chay Ro, so'chi cua ampe
1= ^'-^2
R^+rj+r^ 10.6 + 2! 3 ke khong ddi nen khong CO dong dien chay El, ri
qua nguon E|. h ; . 5 1 Jy.,.;? ~
1
Ta c6: U m = - E, + I(ri + R,) = -6 + - . ( 1 + 5) = - 4 V ^ UDC = 4V. Ro
- Taco: UAB = IR = 1.10= lOV. ; E2, r:
B
+ Vdi nguon E,, ta c6: UAB = E , => E , = l O V . { ; ^
Vay: Khi dao cifc cua mot nguon thi so chi cua von ke bang 4V, ciTc du'dng I,
no'i vdi D. + Vdi nguon E2, ta CO: UAB = E2 - Ir2
=>E2 = UAB + I r 2 = 10+ 1.1 = I I V . 'ki:MA>
9.48. Cho mach dien nhirhinh ve. Tim E , de: R
E,,r, E2, r2 Vay: Sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien la
a) U A B > 0 . B Ei,r, ^
— h- — h- ^ E , = 10V,E2= I I V .
b) U A B < O . ; :
R Ii Ro
c) UAB = 0. ' " E2, h
'•M •* !• B a i giai
Ta c6: !\
+ 1=
E, + E , •tf'J.rui ^ '1 , i i
R
K5>
R + r, + (I)
+ n,,-P.-T.,-F. (E.-Ê,)r. _ ( R + r , ) E , - E , r ,
(2)
^' R+r,+ r2 R+ r^ +
266 267
B6i du8ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjit 19 11, tjtp 1 - Nguygn Phii P 6 n g Cty TITOTTIgrrVTiWH Khang Viet
9.50. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 2R2, R R2 0 2I, +3213= 12 (3)
' M
R4 = 2R3, E, = 12V, ri = r2 = 2Q, RA = RG I, =
'
2A
3
= 0, Rv rat idn. 101, - I O I 3 - E 2 =0
a) K md, von ke chi lOV, ampe ke chi Tir(l). (2), (3): 51, - 2 O I 3 + E 2 = 0
1/3A. TinhR|,R2, R3, R4. 21, +32I3 = 12
b) K dong, dien ke chi 0. Tinh Ej. E . = 10 = 3,33V
c) Thay khoa K bang tu C = 3|aF va ddi
ciTc nguon E2. Tinh Q cua tu va xac djnh Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon E2 la E2 = 3,33V. : .
dau dien tich tren cac ban tu. E, c) Tinh Q cua tu va xac dinh da'u dien tich tren cac ban tu
Bai giai Khi thay khoa K b5ng tu C, do dong dien khong chay qua tu C nen cac dong
a) Tinh R,, R2, R3, R4: Khi K md mach dxidc ve lai nhiTsau: dien trong mach bay gid giong nhufd cau (a). R
R, Ta c6: UNM = UNA + UAM = -I3R3 + IiRi 1 1
Ta c6: U A B = lOV; l 3 = ^ A . M
=>UNM= ~ . 1 0 + | . 1 0 = ^ V ^ C
Mat khac: UNM = -E2 + Uc Ê2
'3
3 IT TT c 10 10 20,, R3 R4
oR3 + 2 R 3 = 30Q = > U C = UNM + E 2 = — + — = — V I3
1—1
. , N
= lOQ va R 4 = 2R3 = 20Q.
A h ^ — I < ] ^1^ \ I B
= > R3
Mat khac: UAB = EI - Iri E, IP 3 3 3

Vay:
vaQ =Dien
CUctich
= 3cua
. —tu=20^C
la Q = 2.10^^ C va ban noi vdi M tich dien Sm (vi Uc> 0).
=2.10-'C.
^ 1 = E, - U
AB _ 12-10
= 1 A=Î, = I - L = 1 — = - A Chu y: Neu chiing ta tinh ra Uc < 0 thi ban diTdng cua tu di/dc noi vdi N.
' - ^ 3 3
9.51. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh: E , = 4,5V, E l , r, >»i
UAB = Ii(Ri + R2) = - . ( 2 R 2 + R 2 ) = 2R2 E2=1,8V, r, = 1Q, RAB = 8Q, RA = 0. — I

a) Tim vi tri con chay C de ampe ke'chi 0. ,B
R,= ^ ^ = —
]0 =5Q vaR, =2R2= lOQ. ^) Mc them R = 3Q song song vdi doan
2 2 mach chiJa E2 va ampe ke'. Tim vj tri
Vay: R, = lOQ; R2 = 5Q; R 3 = lOQ; R 4 = 20Q. son chay C de ampe ke chi 0. E2,r2
b) TinhEj W Bai giai
Khi K dong, dien ke' chi 0 nen khong c6 dong ^) Vi tri con chay C de ampe ke chi 0 Ei,r,
dien qua nguon E2, mach du'dc ve nhi/ sau: Vi ampe ke' chi so 0 nen khong c6 dong qua E2: — I —
Chon cac vong nhiT hinh ve, ta c6: =ÛAC = E 2 = 1 , 8 V
,B
+ V6ng(a):I,R,-E2-l3R3 = 0
Mat khdc: I = 4,5
o 101,-10l3-E2 = 0 (1) 8 + 1 = 0,5A.
+ V 6 n g ( b ) : I i R 2 - l 3 R 4 + E2 = 0
o 5 I , - 2 0 l 3 + E2 = 0 (2) ^R -I^ = M=3,6«. E2,r2
+ V6ng (c): IJCRJ + R 4 ) - E , + Ir, = 0 I 0,5

o 13.(10 + 20) - 12 + (I, + h)-2 = 0 Vfiy: Vi tri con chay de ampe ke chi 0 Ik R^c = 3,6 n .
269
268
801 guang ngc'înrrgiot vatTT- I I, LJ^J I - iMguymi tiuiig
Cly TNHHMTV DV'! i
b) Vj tri con chay C de ampe ke' chi 0 khi mac them R'
i;'),;nfi V:?!
UAB= E,^ = 2x = 2 . ( 1 6 - y ) (2)

Khi mac them R, mach diWc ve kii nhiTsau:
VI ampe ke' chi so' 0 nen: U,^, = U ^ ^ = E2 = 1,8V . E|, r, + Tir(l) va (2): 2.(16-y)= o 2y^ + 28y - 4 8 0 = 0
— I —
^ 15+y
3 y = 10 va y = -24<0(loai) vax = 1 6 - 1 0 = 6.
^ R' R AC RrCB
Mat khac: UAC + UCB - E, + lii = 0 Vay: De cu'dng do qua mot day bang 0 thi so nguon cua moi day la 6 va 10.
ol,8 + IRni-4,5 + l = 0
E2. ^ 53, Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: Ei = 6V,
' S2 = 4,5V, r, = 2Q, R = 2Q, R A = 0.
oKRcH + i)-2,7 = 0
oI(8-R,u + 1)-2,7 = 0 Ampe ke chi 2A. Tinh rj.
I2'
o 1(9-R.vr)-2,7 = 0
Bai giai
(1) Gia su" dong dien c6 chieu nhi/hinh ve, ta c6:
vaI = I, + I,= ^ + 1 , = - 1 ^ + 0 , 6 (2) U A B = I R = 2.2 = 4V. a,r
R AC R AC
Xet nhanh tren, ta c6: UAB - E | + I|ri = 0
Thay (2) vao (1): ( - 1,8
^ + 0 , 6 ) . ( 9 - R ^ ^ c ) - 2,7 = 0 E„r
ÂC
16 2 ' Xet nhanh du'di, ta c6: U A B - E 2 + I2r2= 0
o 0 , 6 R ^ c + 0 , 9 = 0 o 0,6R^f, - 0 , 9 R ^ c -16,2 = 0
= > l 2 r 2 = £ 2 - U ^ B = 4 , 5 - 4 = 0,5
JÂC
0,5
=> R ^ c = 6 Q ; R^^, =-4,5Q < 0: loai. = I. (2)
Vay: Vj tri con chay de ampe ke chi 0 trong triTdng hdp nay la RAC = 6 Q .
9.52. Co 1 6 nguon giong nhau, moi nguon e = 2V, FQ = IQ, mac thanh hai day latkhac, tai nut A: I = I, + I2 => Ij = I - I , = 2 - 1 = lA
song song, moi day x va y nguon noi tiep. Mach ngoai la R = 15Q. Tim x, y Thay vao (2) ta diTdc: T2 = 0,5Q. Vay: r2 = 0,5Q.
de cirdng do qua mot day bang 0. X nguon ' 9.54. Mot day kim loai dong cha't tiet dien deu chieu dai d va dien trd R. Hai
Bai giai cho tie'p xuc di dong Ci va C2 c6 the di chuyen doc theo AB. Mot pin mau Pi
Ta c6: X + y = 1 6 i CO sua't dien dong ei da biet diTdc noi ciTc diTdng vdi A, ciTc am vdi Ci qua
\ xe = 2x; r,^ = xr^ = x mot dien ke' G. Mot nguon dien P2 can do suaft dien dpng e2 diTpc no'i ciTc
= y e = 2y;rb^ =yro = y y nguon dircfng vdi A, ctfc am vdi C2 (hinh ve). Dien trd cac day noi va cho tiep xuc
Gia suT dong qua day chiJa x nguon b^ng 0, khong dang ke. Chpn vi tri cua Ci va C2 sao cho dien ke G chi so" 0.
ta c6: '! ' R
^) Tinh ti so ^ theo cac do dai di = AC, va dz = AC2 neu dien trd trong r2 cua
+ CUcfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 P,
P2 la nho CO the bo qua diTpc.
1= 15+y pinh ti so — theo di, d2 ne'u r2 , C2
-B
c,
+ Hieu dien the hai dau bo nguon: UAB = IR = = (1) ^hong the bo qua dU'dc. + -
-|l
15+y 15+y * 2
+ Mat khac, dong dien khong qua day chiJa x nguon nen ta c6: Ngi/di ta dung sd do tren de do sua't dien dpng 62, hay tnnh bay each do do.
270 271
B6\g hpc sinh gi5i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
d) De do sua't dien dong diTdc de dang hdn, ngiTdi ta chon them mot nguon
CO suat dien dong > ej. Trinh bay each do nay.
Bai giai '/ e, d, r, R
V a V N e u khong bo qua r2 thi — = — v d i ro = — .
a) Ti so — theo d i , 62 neu dien t r d trong r2 cua P2 c6 the bo qua dufdc e, dj d,ro , d
Cich do suat dien dong e2

Ta c6: AC, = d , ; AC2 = d2; C1C2 = d2 - d,. c)
, ^ , . ^7 * r,
Tif ket qua cau b, ta co: — = — + — , trong do CO hai an 62 va r2 chufa biet
Tir cong iMc: R = p - ta diTdc: d, d,ro
•'1
s pgn chiing ta can l a m hai Ian thi nghiem, tCr do c6 du'dc hai phu'dng trinh, giai
he phu'dng trinh nay ta t i m du'dc ej va r2.
R.c,=R,=pi4R;R.c,=R.=p| = i.R J) Cach do 62 khi dung them nguon P3: De do e2 khi diing them nguon P3 ta lam
R
„
= R„ d , - d,
= p ^ L = d~ - d,
_2 LR nhiTsau:
AC3 3 K g ^
, Noi ciTc du'dng cua P3 v d i A, ciTc am vdi B, ciTc di/dng cua nguon P, noi vdi A,
K h i do, mach c6 the dufdc ve l a i :
ci/c am v d i dien ke' G, ciTc con lai cua dien ke' noi con chay.
V i IG = 0 nen suy ra dong dien qua mach chinh:
- Thay nguon Pi bdi P2.
1= 9.55.
R, R3 p - Mot nguon dien mot chieu cd suat dien dpng E va dien trd trong r khong d d i ,
C, chu'a biet gia trj cua E va r.

Bo qua r2 (r2 = 0) nen: I= - +- - Mot ampe ke' va mot von ke' c6 so chi chinh xac nhu'ng khong biet dien trd
i.R "^^^ cua chung.

- Mot bie'n t r d khong biet gia trj. < .
- Cac day noi cd dien t r d nho khong dang ke. .„
' d2R d d2
Xay difng cac phiTdng an thiTc hanh vdi cac dung cu da cho de xac dinh gia trj
Mat khac vi dong qua Ci bang 0 nen U . p = e, = —

^2 _ ^2 cua sua't dien dong E va dien trd trong r?
Bai giai
1 dj e, d, Chiing ta cd the bo tri cac dung cu theo sd do sau:
Vay: Neu bo qua r2 thi — = — . * Tacd: UcD = E - I(r + RA) Rv
e, d, E>ieu chinh bie'n trd Rb 3 Ian, khi dd ©>
chi cua ampe ke va von ke' tifdng
©>
+ -
b) Ti so' — theo d i , d2 neu dien trd trong r2 ciia P2 khong the bo qua diTdc
— h - D
•Jng l a I , , U , , l 2 , U2,13,
U3. E,r
Neur2 ;^0,tac6: U . ^ =IR, = - U, = E - I , ( r + R^) ' r

1 d U2 = E - l 2 ( r + RA)
2 R + r. -CD
U3 = E - l 3 ( r + R^) Rb
d2R
tren c 6 3 an la E, r, RA-
Mat khac: U , ^ = e , = 2 .^.R ^2 _ d îai he ta tim du'dc gia tri cua E va r.
' ' -^.R d, + r, d kR
272 273
doOng hoc sinh gi6i v a t ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH_Khang Vi^t
9 . 5 6 . Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: E, = E2 = 6V, E,, r, O l + Il-l =0

r, = 1 r2 = 2Q, R , = 5Q, R2 = 4Q. V i l , + I2 = I = > I , = I - l 2 = I - - o I + I 1 = 0 o 1= - A
V o n ke (Rv rat ld(n) chi 7,5V. ,3 3
0 1A
Tinh: , , ^t, ,
va U A C = I R A C = - - 8 = — V ,
a) U A B . A
b) R . + M a t khac: U A C = E2 - I2r2 = 6 - - r , o — =6- -r, r2 = 2 Q .

3 ^ 3 3^
Gia suf chieu dong dien trong mach nhiT hinh ve. Vay:E2 = 6Vvar2 = 2 Q .
- X e t theo vong (a), ta c6: 9.58. Bp nguon g o m ba acquy 12V - 3Q mic song song. M a c h ngoai 1^ mot bong
-I2R2 + U M N - E , + I , r , =0 den 8V.
nil ^ ^ i 2 + 7,5_6 + I, = 0 a) D e n sdng binh thudng. Tinh cong suat den.
o I 1 - 4 I 2 + 1,5 = 0 (1) b) N6'u mot nguon bj dao ciTc thi cong suat den la bao nhieu?
- X e t theo vong (b), ta c6: B a i giai E,r

I—
+E2-l2r2 + I , R i + U N M = 0
0 6 - 2 1 2 + 51,-7,5 = 0 a) Cong suat cua den '

3 :;;(V:J ;>t
0 5 I 1 - 2 I 2 - 1,5 = 0 (2)
Ta c6: Eb = E = 12V; tb = - = I Q .
• TCr ( I ) va (2) siiy ra: I , = I2 = 0,5A.
a) T i n h U A U : Ta c6: UAB = E2 - hiri + R2) = 6 - 0,5.(2 + 4) = 3V. Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach:
b) T i n h R : Ta c6: UAB = I R = ( I i + h)^ = (0,5 + 0,5).R = R o R = 3Q. E. 12
1 =
V a y : UAB = 3 V ; R = 3 Q . RD+1
9 . 5 7 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh: E, = 8V, r, = I Q , 12R,

H i e u dien the giffa hai dau den; U = I R D =
RA = 0, R A C = R i , RcB = R2, R A B = 15Q.
RD+1
- K h i R , = 12Q, ampe ke chi 0. 12RD

V i den sang binh thiTcfng nen: U = 8V <=> 8 = => R „ = 2Q
Rp+l
- K h i R , = S n , ampe ke chi ^ A .
U^ 8^
T i n h E 2 , r2. .•v,;.;i.p Cong suat cua den: P = = 32W.
B a i giai Rt
- K h i R, = 12Q, ampe ke chi 0 nen khong c6 dong qua nguon E2. V a y : Cong sua't cua d ^ n la P = 32W.
8 ^) Cong suat cua den khi mot nguon bi ddi cifc
=>! = = 0,5A
RAB+I-I 15+1 Ne'u mot nguon bi dao ci/c, mach c6 the ve lai nhif sau: j E,r
I—
va E2 = U A C = I I R A C = 0,5.12 = 6V. Gia sijr dong dien c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve, ta c6:
+ Nhdnhtren: I R D - E + Iiro = 0
- K h i R, = 8Q, ampe ke chi ^ A :
+ Nhanhgiu-a: I R D - E + l2ro = 0 ^ I '
+ X e t theo vong k i n (a), ta c6: + Nhanh dift3i: IRp + E + hô = 0

IRAc + IiRcB + I i r i - E , = 0 21- 12+31, = 0
0 8 I + 7 1 , + 1 , - 8 = 0 0 81 + 8 1 , - 8 = 0 021- 12 + 3l2 = 0 i
N
275
974
B6i diBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viet
21+ 12 + 3l3 = 0
B a i giai
Mat khac: I = I , + Ij + I 3 , thay vao he, ta diTcJc: VI dong dien khong qua C nen: E,,r, E2,r2
'51, + 2 I 2 +2I3 = 12 Khi K d vi tri 1 thi: Uc = E, = 8V.
28 , , 28 . , 44 .
21, + +2I3 =12 ^q = CUc = 2 . 8 = 16^lC
R
21, + 2 I 2 +51, = -12 R.
va c\ic am cua C n6l \d\.
, 28 28 44 Khi K d vj tri 2 thi: U^. = Ej = 12V .
9 3
^q' = CU'^ =2.12 = 24^C va ciTc dU'dng cua C noi vdi R.
va: P = I % = ( - ) ^ 2 - 3,56W. i'' Gpi Aq la dien lu'dng chuyen qua R, ta c6:
Vay: Cong sua't cua den khi mot nguon bj ddi ciTc la P = 3,56W. -16 + A q = 24 => Aq = 2 4 + 16 = 40|.iC = 4.10"'*C
9.59. Co n nguon giong nhau (e, r) mac song song. Co mot nguon m^c ngiTOc vdi Vay: Dien lu'dng chuyen qua R la 4.10''^C. E:,ri Ri
cac nguon khac. Tim ciTdng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon. 9.61. Cho mach dien nhu^hinh ve: Ej = 12V,
E2 = 6V, r, = rj = IQ, R, = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, E2, r2
E,=e v-_
C =5HF. I —
Trong (n - 1) nguon m^c dung, ta c6: Tim dien lu'dng qua E2 khi K dong. R2 K
B a i giai
Xet theo mot vong kin: -e + Ir - Eb + Irb = 0 +
7 1 - Khi K md: Dong dien khong chay du'dc qua tu C nen:
<=> I(r + fb) = e + Eb UAB = El = 12V E„r, R,
2(n-l)e Ma UAB = E2 + Uc => Uc = 12 - 6 = 6V.
<^ I(r + - ^ ) = 2e (Eb = e) o I . "'^ = 2e => I =
n-1' ' n-1 nr Dien tich tren tu: q = CUc = 5.6 = 30|aC . E2, r2
2(n-l)e I —
Suy ra: Dong dien qua nguon mac ngiTdc bang I = Khi K dong, ta c6 d6ng dien qua mach:
nr K
1 =
12 R2
Trong ( n - 1 ) nguon mic dung thi dong dien deu bhng nhau va b^ng: = 2A
R,+ R 2 + r j 2 + 3+1 -{Z>
I _2(n-l)e^2e
=ÛAB = IR2 = 2.3 = 6V. Ei,ri
n-1 nr(n-1) nr — I —
Mat khac: U A B = E J + U ; .
2(n-l)e (n-2)e
Hieu dien the cua moi nguon: UAB = -e + Ir = -e + E2, r2
=> = UAB - E2 = 6 - 6 = 0. — f—
Vay: Ci/dng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon la: nguon mdc ngift^c ^'en tich tren tu: q' = C U;. = 0 .
R2 K
^^y: Khi dong K, dien liTdng chuyen qua Ej la:
I = , cac ngu6n con lai la I ' = ^ va U = -r-C
nr • nr n ^q = q - q ' = 3 0 - 0 = 30nC = 3.10-^C.
E|, r . E2, r2 Ei,r, E2,r2
9.60. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: ' ^no mach dien nhu" hinh ve. E, = 6 V ,
1
E, = 8 V , E 2 = 12V,C = 2 n F . ^2 = 3V, r, = i n , r2 = 2Q, R, = 4 ^ , Rj = 1 1'
2
Tim dien liTcJng qua R khi K ^ ' C , = 0 , 6 ^ F , C2 = 0,3^F. Ban dau + 11- B
chuyen dong tir (1) sang (2). — i r - D "
sau do K dong.
R, R2
L-o——CI]—'
276 oil
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi;t
Boi duoiig lioc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyen P t i j S6ng
(2\io mach dien nhur hinh ve: E| = 2E2 = 3V;

a) Xac djnh chieu va so luTdng electron qua K khi K dong. ,63.
^ 2r2 = 2 Q ; R, = R 3 = 3 Q ; Rj = 6 Q ; C =
b) T i n h UDF k h i K m d va k h i K dong. > J •)•$
0 ^ 5 n F ; R v r a t l d n ; R A = 0.
Bai giai
i - — I .*-—-•«••
a) Xac dinh chieu va so liTdng electron qua K k h i K dong ^,fn so' chi cua von ke, ampe ke" vh. dien
- K h i K m d : [C, n t C j ] : t f c h c u a c a c t u luc:
E,.r, E2, r2
=> qi = q2 => qo = - q i + q2 = 0. gatidaukhi K m d . ^ >,
- K h i K dong, ta c6 dong dien qua mach: 5au khi K dong. , ,^ ,^
6 + 3 Bai giai
1 = = lA
4+2+1+2 Tri^cfng hdp ban dau khi K m d :
R,+ R 2 + r,+
Khi K m d , ta c6 [R, nt R J :
::ÛAD = UAC = E , - I r , = 6 - l . l =5V.
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach la:
UDB = U c B = E 2 - I r 2 = 3-1.2= IV. 3 U:J 'a :•:,)]
3 +
=>q; =U^DCI = 5.0,6 = 3^C E1+E2
Kmd
1 = = 0,5A
va q 2 = U D B C 2 = 1.0,3 = 0,3nC E|, r, _ E2, r2 R j + R j + r j + rj 3 + 3 + 2+1
=^q'D=-ql+q'z = - 3 + 0,3= -2,7HC , So chi cua von ke'bang: .:.V-;i:,
- D i e n liTcJng chuyen qua khoa K khi K dong la: E i - I r , = 3 - 0 , 5 . 2 = 2V. vV ri,,^.,
- Dien tich cua t u : q = C U A M •

Aq = |-2,7 - 0| = 2 , 7 H C = 2,7.10'^C
vdi UAM = UAN = IR3 = 0,5.3 = 1,5V z:> q = 0,5.1,5 = 0 , 7 5 ^ 0 . -J :,
- So electron qua K k h i K dong la:
-6
Vay: K h i K m d , so chi ampe ke la 0,5A; so chi von ke la 1,5V; d i e n tich cua
Aq 2,7.10 13
n = = 1,6875.10 cactu la 0 , 7 5 n C . ••rpir^ ;„ _ • » t < -i
^-19
e 1,6.10"
b) Trirdng hdp sau khi K dong: K h i K dong, ta c6: [ R 3 nt (R, // R 2 ) ] :
V a y : So electron qua K la n = 1,6875.10'^ va c6 chieu tCf C den D.
R,R
r^2 3.6
b) T i n h UDF k h i K m d va khi K dong - Bien trd mach ngoai: R N = R3 + = 5^
3+ 6
Ta c6: U D F = U D A + U A F = - U A D + UAF-
~ CiTcJng do dong dien mach chinh: El, r. E2,r2
- K h i K m d . t a c o [C, n t C z ] :
— I—
_ Cf^ _ 0,6.0,3 3+^
= 0,2^C 2
c.+q 0,6+0,3 = 0,5625A
R ^ + r . + r^ 5 + 2+1 B
va UAB = I ( R I + R2)=1.(4 + 2) = 6 V
cua von ke'bhng: if.;)-
=> q, = q2 = U A B C , 2 = 6.0,2 = 1,2 nC
^ i - I r , = 3 - 0 , 5 6 2 5 . 2 = 1,875V. R3
U A D = U.^ =2V cua ampe ke:

U.
0,6 0.2
Tac6. f l i + l 2 = I = 0.-'5625 ^ | l , + = 0,5625
Ta c6: U A F = I R , = 1.4 = 4 V UDF = - 2 + 4 = 2V.
- K h i K dong, ta c6: UAD = 5V (cau a); UAF = 4V UDF = - 5 + 4 = - I V .
= 0 , 1 8 7 5 A , I , =0,375A so chi ampe k e b a n g I , = 0,375.A
V a y : K h i K m d , U D F = 2 V ; k h i K dong, UDF = - I V .
tich cua tu dien:
^ « Co: Uc = UAB = IRAB = 0,5625.5 = 2,8125V
27«
B6i du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjtt ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng CtyTNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
^ q = C U r = 0,5.2,8125 « l , 4 n C . o65' mach dien nhu'hinh ve: Ei = 4 V , C

Vay: K h i K dong, so' chi ampe ke' Ih. 0,375A; so' chi von ke' la 1,875V- ' £2 = I V , Ri = lOQ, R2 = 20Q, R3 = 30Q,
tich cua cac tu la l , 4 | i C . •' r, = r2 = 0 , C = l M F . R2 R4
9.64. Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve: Ei = E2 = 1,5V, Tfnh d i e n lu'dng qua R 4 khi K dong. B A
r, = 0,2Q, r2 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,2(aF, C2 = C 3 = B a i giai
0,3|aF, R = 0,5Q. iChi K m d , mach du'dc ve l a i :
T i m dien tich cac tu khi khoa K chuyen tu" 1 sang 2. + V i dong dien khong qua tu nen: C
-J1+
B a i giai •2
1=
20+10 15
Taco: I = ^ i ^ = 2 , 5 A R4
R + Tj +
=>UDA = I R I = —.10= - V R7 R.
- Ban dau khi K d vi tri 1, ta c6: [C, nt C j ] : 15 3 B
D
+ M a t khac: U A D = E2 + Uc
C^+C^ 0,2 + 0,3

>UC = U A D - E 2 = |-1 = ^ V
va U , = U A B = I R = 2,5.0,5 = 1,25V.
D i e n tich cac tu: qi = q2 = C12U12 => q = CUc = 1 = ^\iC va ban du'dng cua tu noi v d i R 4 .
=^q, = q 2 = 0,12.1,25 = 0,15nC = 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C .
i K dong, gia suf dong dien c6 chieu nhu'hinh ve:
- K h i K chuyen sang vj tri 2:
•f X e t vong (a), ta c6: -I2R2 - E2 + I3R3 = 0
Ta c6: U , . , = U A M = E , - Ir, = 1,5 - 2,5.0,2 = I V .
o -2OI2 - 1 + 3OI3 = 0
=>U^, +U^,^ = 1 V (1)
hay-2OI2 + 3OI3 = 1 (1)
Mat khac, theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: q[ + q'^ = - = - 0,15 + X e t vong (b), ta c6: I i R , + I2R2 - Ei = 0
o-C,U' +C,U' = -0,15 o 101, + 2012-4 = 0

hay 101,+2012 = 4 (2)
o-0,2U' +0,3U' =-0,15 (2)
0.; + T a i n i i t B : l3 + l2 = I i
'^l ^^3
U' + U' =1 U'^^ = 0 , 9 V o I , -12 - 1 3 =0 (3)
T i r ( l ) v a (2):
0,2Ucj - 0 , 3 U ^ ^ = 0 , 1 5 U' =0,1V 1, =
'^3
-2OI2 + 3OI3 = 1
q'l =C^V[. = 0,2.0,9 = 0,18^C = 0,18. lO^^C
+ Tir(l),(2),(3): 10I,+ 20l2 = 4
10
q;, = C3U(.^ = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03nC = 0 , 0 3 . 1 0 " X . 1,-12-13=0
13 =-LA
i 1, , ' 10
va q^ = q 2 =0,15.10-^C. 5
Vay: Sau khi chuyen K tif vi t r i 1 sang 2 thi dien tich cua tu C2 khong doi U k D = I i R . = 5 ' ' 0 = 2V
b^ng 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C ; con dien tich cua C, la q[ = 0,18.10"^C; cua C 3 la 1
va U : , ^ = E 2 + U ^ =U' - E , =2-1 = IV
C ~ ' - ' A D "^2
0,03.10~'^C.
q' = C U ^ = 1.1 = IfiC va ban diTdng cua tu n6'i vdti R 4 .
280 281
i dUBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguyin Phu D6ng Cty TI\JHH MTV UVVH Khang Vigt
- D i e n li/dng chuyen qua R 4 la: Aq = q - q 1-- = |nC=|.10-^C. r, = i l A

3 I 1 + 0 , 4 1 = 1,5 106 'A .,()
V a y : Khi K dong, dien lu^dng chuyen qua K la Aq = - . 10 ^ C . ^ Tir(5),(6),(7): (A) 4. Thay cac gia tri viTa nhan di/dc vao (4), ta diTdc:
K h i K m d ampe ke chi 0,1A. B
i l . ( R , + 6 ) - l , 5 + 0 , 4 . — = 0 =>R2 = 3 Q .
K h i K dong ampe ke chi 0. 106 53
TinhR2,R5. J, A Vay:R5 = 2 f i ; R 2 = 3 Q .
1 Baigiai 967. Cho mach d i e n n h i f h i n h ve: R, = 2 f i , R A = 0, Rv ra't Idn. 7,. t
- K h i K m5, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Khi K m d , ampe ke' chi 1,5A, von ke' chi 6V.
E,r
+ Xetv6ng(a): I.R, + I 3 R 3 - E + I.r = 0 Khi K dong, chiing chi 3A, 4V.
o I , + 213-1,5 + 0 , 4 1 , = 0 Tinh E, r, R2, R3. R,
<:> 1 , 4 1 , + 213= 1,5 (1) B a i giai
+ X e t vong (b): I5R5 + I5R4 - I3R3 = 0 - K mcl, ta CO mach dien nhiT hinh a: R2
V.
o IsCRj + 6) - 2I3 = 0 Ta c6: (R, nt R2) ^ I , = I2 = I = 1,5A. K
R3
V d i I 5 bhng so chi cua ampe ke'bang 0,1 A.
UMB = I 2 R 2 ^ R 2 = = — =4Q 1 1
=> 0,1R5 + 0 , 6 - 2 1 3 = 0 (2) I 1,5
+ X e t tai nut C, ta c6:15 + I3 = I|
^ 1 , - 1 3 = 15 = 0,1 (3) Ma 1= o 1,5 =
R , + R2+r 2 + 4 + r
[ l , 4 I , + 2l3 = 1,5 f l , =0,5A
=>9+l,5r = E (1) R2
+ Tuf ( 1 ) , (2), (3): • 0,1R5 - 2I3 = - 0,6 =^ I2 = 0,4A
- K dong, ta c6 mach dien nhiT hinh b:
i iî -^3 =0'' [^5 =2Q
Taco: r = r = = 1 = 1A E,r
V a y : R 5 = 2Q. ^^'^ ' 2 R2 4
, ll 1
- K h i K dong, vi ampe ke' chi 0 nen ta c6 mach nhif hinh ben:
=5. i ; , = i ' - i ; = 3 - 1 = 2 A ff' t.
+ X e t vong (a): I2R2 + I2R4 - E + Ir = 0 R,
D
B
Mat khac: U A B = I ; ( R , + R2) = • -(2 + 4) = 6 V
o l 2 ( R 2 + 6 ) - 1 , 5 + 0,41 = 0 (4) M
+ X e t vong (b): I | R i + I i R 3 - E + Ir = 0 [, Hinh a
=Û,3=U^B=6V=^R3 = ^ = ^=3Q
oI,(l + 2 ) - 1,5 + 0,41 = 0 E, r U R4
E,r
I B
o 31,+0,41=1,5 ' (5)
vÛAB = E - I r o 6 = E - 3 r (2)
+ Xet v6ng(c): l 2 R 4 - I | R 3 = 0
'l,5r-E=-9 [ r = 2Q R2
o 6I2 - 21, = 0 T i r ( l ) v a (2):
3r-E= -6 E = 12V
0 1,-312 = 0 (6) M
R, Vay: E = 12V;r = 2 Q ; R 2 = 4 Q ; R 3 = 3 Q .
+ T a i n u t B , t a c 6 : I , + I2 = I (7)
R3
282
Cly TIMHH MTV D W H Khang vig
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t 1 ^ 1 . t^p 1 - Nguygn Phti D6ng
4
9.68. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = 4Q, Vi I ' = I B + I2 + (4)
3 3Ry 3R2
R A = 0, Rv rat Idn, hai den giong nhau
va c6 hieu dien the' djnh mufc 6V, R2 la 9 45
1,5= Rj3 = 12Q
bie'n tret. Khi hai den ciing sang, von ke Rp R2
Ttf (3) va (4), ta c6:
"lU chi 4,5V, ampe ke chi 1,5A. Khi t^t bdt 16 16 R2 = 6Q
3Rp -+- 3R2
' mptddn, chungchi ^ V va ^ A . ^
V $ y : E = 1 2 V ; r = 1 Q ; R 2 = 6 Q ; R D = 12Q.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den. I,) n m R2 de den sdng binh thu'dng
b) Tim R2 de den sang binh th^dng. f)i den sang binh thu^dng thi hieu dien the giffa 2 dau den phai b^ng hieu
Bai giai (jien the djnh mffc: UAB = 6V.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den
- Khi 2 d^n ciing sang, so chi ciia v6n ke bang 4,5V nen UAB = 4,5V. Cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den: 21^ = 2 . ^ ^ ^ = 2.— = 1A .
Rp 12
- Ta c6: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 o 1,5.4 + 4,5 - E + 1,5r = 0
. Matkhac: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 <=>4I + 6 - 12 + I . l = 0 => 1= 1,2A.
« E - l , 5 r = 10,5 (1)
- CiTdng dp dong dien qua R2 la: I2 = I - 2ID = 1,2 - 1 = 0,2A.
16 4
- Khit^tmotden:UAB= Y V , I = ^ A .
E,r T 0,2
' - E + rr = 0 o - . 4 + — - E + - r = 0
I ' R , + U'AB — h-
3 ?$y: De den sang binh thiTdng thi R2 = 3 0 Q .
„ 4 32 9.6S^ Cho mach dien nhff hinh ve:
o E--r= — (2)
3 3 E = 120V, r = 5Q, R, = 15Q,
J^2
E - l , 5 r = 10,5 = lOQ, R3 = R 4 = 20Q,
E = 12V
- Tir(l)va(2): c 4 32 => C = 0,2^F. Khi khoa K md,
T=\n
3 3 v6n ke V c h i 60V.
- Matkhac: ^) Khi K dong von ke chi bao nhieu? Cffdng dp dong dien qua khoa K la bao nhieu?
+ Khi 2 den sang: cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den la: tinh dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong.
4^ Bai giai
I. =
R. R. R, Ta c 6 : K h i K m c ( :
Gia sur R V = oo : mach ngoai gdm [R2 nt R3 nt R 4 nt R i ] :
V I I = I2 + 2 I D = * 1,5= — + ^ (3) =>RN = R 2 + R 3 + R 4 + R |
= > R N = 15+ 10 + 20 + 20 = 65Q.
+ Khi mot den t^t, mot den sang:
120 U
\6
^1 =
Rj^+r 65+5 7
U ' AB
_ 3 _ 16
• Dong dien qua den: IL =
Rr Rp 3Rp ^6'chi cua vonke:
16 ^ A B = I ( R 3 + R 4 ) = y .40 = 68,57V.
• Dong dien qua R2: I 2 = -
Ro 3R.
% t khac, theo de bai: UAB = 60V, tifdo suy ra Rv ciia v6n ke c6 gia tri huTu han.
285
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng" Cty TNHH MTV DVVI
Taco: IR2 + UAB + I R i - E + I r = 0 101 + 6 0 + 1 5 1 - 120 + 51 = 0 ^_70. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: Cac
=>I = 2A dien trd thuan deu c6 gia tri la R,
UAR 60 ^ ngu6nE= 15V,r = R. ,
- Ci/cfng do dong dien qua R34 la: 13 = — ^ = = 1,5A.
A
Zu+zu 1 BietUAB = 3V.
- Cirdng do dong dien qua Rv la: Iv = I - 1 3 = 2 - 1,5 = 0,5A. A Tim so chi cua von ke" V.
. Bai giiii M
- Dientrdcua v o n k e l a : Rv = — = = 120n. , Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:
ly U,J
IR + UAB + IR - E + Ir = 0 -CD-
a) So" chi cua von ke' va dong dien qua khoa K: Khi K dong, ta c6 the bo qua
Vi r = R=>3IR + 3 - 1 5 = 0
khi do mach diTcfc ve lai nhiT sau: E,r
1=1 7...
X
- Dientrclmachngoai: Rj^ = R , + R
Ry+Rj+R^
=>R,.,5+i^^:^?^=45Q
[at khac: L = ^
^ R
=
R
- (2) •
I
120 + 2 0 + 2 0
M
- Cu'cJng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: R R R .
E , 120 hfk IR + I,R + UMN + IiR + IR - E + Ir = 0 (vdi r = R)
1= =>I = = 2,4A
45+5 3IR + 2I,R + UMN - E = 0 ti.fi,! , { J ) 01:
Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien qua khoa K bhng 2,4A.
[ O 3 . 4 + 2 . - . R + U M N - 1 5 = 0 ^ U M N = IV.
- So" chi cua von ke": E,r
Ta c6: UAB + IRi - E + Ir = 0 /ay:S6"chicuav6nkela IV.
o UAB + 2,4.15 - 120 + 2,4.5 = 0 =^ UAB = 72V. 9.71. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E = 6V, '
Vay: Von ke" chi 72V. r = 3,2Q, Ri = Sn, R2 = Rj = 4Q, UDC = 0,6V.
b) Dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong rimR4. R,
Ta c6: Hieu dien the" giffa hai dau tu C: Uc = UDB = U ^ Bai giai
- Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:1,(Ri + R 3 ) - E + Ir = 0 R2
D
R4
- Khi K md: UAB = I4R4 = I3R4 = 1,5.20 = 30V.
0 1 2 1 , - 6 + 3,21 = 0 (1)
Dien tich cua tu: q = CUDB = 0,2.30 = 6îC . 4 ' '
~ Mat khac: UDC = UDA + UAC = - UAD + UAC
- Khi K dong: '-i
O U D C = -I2R2 + IiRi = 0,6 = - 4 I 2 + 81, E,r
+ Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua R34 la: "IM"^
vai l2 = I - I , 3>0,6 = - 4 . ( I - I , ) + 8I| — I—
r -r - -^-22=Y8A. 0 0 , 6 =-41+121, (2)

R3+R4 40
' l = 0,75A
^ TLr(l)va(2):-
i : ^ U ; , = I ; R 4 = 1,8.20 = 36V R>
41-121, = - 0 , 6 ^ I , =0,3A A
+ Dien tich cua tu: q' = CU'^^^ = 0,2.36 = 7,2^C. '' r
=> I2 = 0,75 - 0,3 = 0,45A. R,
D R4
Vay: Dien tich cua tu C khi K md la 6 ^C ; khi K dong la 72 îC . Mat khac: UDC = UDB + UBC = UDB - UCB = I1R4 - I1R3
0 0 , 6 = 0,45R4 - 0,3.4 R4 = 4Q.
ma Vay:R4 = 4 n .
286
9.72. C h o mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 2 4 V , E, r = > E = 4 I , + 3I (2)
r = 1,6Q, R| = 4 a R2 = 16ri, R3 = 8Q. M a t khac: Uc D = UCA + UAD = - I , R , + I2R2 = - I , + 3I2
B i e t dong dien qua day C D chay tit =i> 1,2 = - I , + 3I2 (3)
C den D va c6 cUdng do 0,5A. T h a y ( l ) v a o ( 3 ) : 1,2 = - I , + 31, = 21,
TimR4. R, R3
I =^ I , = 0,6A; I2 = 0,6A; I = I , + I2 = 1,2A.
r
Baigiai ^ h-J Tir (2) suy ra: E = 4.0,6 + 3.1,2 = 6V.
D
R2
- X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: R4
i K dong:
I , R i + I3R3 - E + I r = 0 u^^, = - i ; R , + i 2 R 2 = - i ; + 3 r ,
o I i R , + ( I i - 0 , 5 ) R 3 - E + Ir = 0 E,r
<^0,75=-i;+3i^ IK;
0 4 I , + ( I , - 0,5).8 - 24 + 1,61 = 0
vi i ; = i 2 o 0,75= - i ; + 3 i ; =21;
o 1,61 + 1 2 1 , = 2 8 (1)
- M a t khac: I = I , + I2 1^ _^ 0 7 5 ^ Q 375^. J, ^ o,375A .
R, R3
M a I,R,, = I2IS.2 o
- I2R2 W ^ It iil = I6I2 I2 = - I i
+ X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: I ; R , + l2R3+rR5 - E + I ' r = 0 '
4 D
R2 R4
1 , 5, « 0,375.1 + 0,375.3 + 2 , 5 r - 6 + 0,51' = 0 ^ l ' = 1,5A oi^ / ( l :
=>I = Ii + - I , = - I (2)
1-4^1
• 4 + CiTdng do dong dien qua Rc l a : k.•
- Thay (2) v a o ( l ) , t a d i r c f c : 1 , 6 . - I i + 121, = 28 => I , = 2A. I3 = I ' - 1 2 ) = 1,5-(0,375 + 0,375) = 0 , 7 5 A . ' r ^ . . .

4
I^(R2+R4) 0,375.(3 + 1)
+ M a t khac: I^Rg = I 2 ( R 2 + R 4 ) =>R6 = = 20.
v a l 2 = - . 2 - 0 , 5 A ; 13 = 1 , - 0 , 5 = 2 - 0 , 5 = 1,5A; I4 = I2 + 0,5 = 0,5 + 0,5 = lA, 0,75
4 I.
I Vay: E = 6V;R6 = 2 Q .
Ta c6 : I3R3 — I4R4 => R4 - \ - —;— -
I4 1 ^•m Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e : D , , D2
*Vay:R4= 12Q. E,r CO cung hieu dien the dinh miJc, den D ,
R5
9.73. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve, trong 1 1 1 CO cong suat djnh miJc P, = 60W.
do r = 0,5Q, Rv rat Idn, R, = R4 = I Q ,

1 1 ~ A h i K , , K2 m d von ke chi 120V.
R| C R3
~mmi K , dong, K j m d von ke chi 1 lOV.
R2 = R3 = 3 Q , R5 = 2,5Q. r^ i T —1
1—I
1
J
~ * h i K|, K2 deu dong, von ke chi 90V.
- K h i K m d v o n k e c h i 1,2V.
(V)
A 1 1*—
Biet Rv rat Idn.
- K h i K dong von k e c h i 0,75V. R4
t Tim cong suat dinh muTc cua den D2.
Tinh E va R(,. 1 1 r
1
B a i giai
B a i giai J
" Rv rat Idfn nen khi K , , K2 m d thi khong c6 dong dien qua mach:
* Nhan x6t: Ta c6: R, + R3 = R2 + R 4 = 4 Q
P>E = U A B = 1 2 0 V
=>I|=l2 (1)
^ Khi K| dong, K2 m d , ta c6: .> *
M a t khac: R2 > R, =:> V Q < Vc nen so chi cua von ke b^ng UCD-
ÂB - E + Ir = 0 « 110 - 120 + Ir = 0
- K h i K met:
Îr=10 (1)
+ X e t t h e o m o t v o n g k i n , t a c d : I j R , + I1R3 + IR5 - E + I r = 0
o I , + 31, + 2,51 - E + 0,51 = 0 o 41, + 31 - E = 0
288 289
Boi dijgng hoc sinh gidfvjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhO D6ng^ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
'^Tac6:UAN + L r N u - E + Ir = 0 ; R3
- Matkhac: I = - (2)
R, R, i. " ^ I 2 R 2 + I 4 R 4 - E + Ir = 0
^ R 2 + l4.6- I I +4.0,5=0
- Thay(2) vao(l)^ (3): <:S>R2 + 6l4 = 9 V d i I4 = l2 + l5 ;
<j:>R2 + 6.(l2 + !,,) = 9 R4

- Khi K i , K2 deu dong: - E + I'r = 0 (I la dong dien qua mach chinh)
^ R 2 + 6.(l+I,) = 9 N
, o 9 0 - 1 2 0 + r r = 0 => I r = 30 (4) oR2 + 6h = 3 (1)
- Mat khac: n ,•. \j j • ^. „ ^ Mat khac: U^M + UMN + UNA = 0 E, r
<::>I,R| + I5R5 - I2R2 = 0 o 3.1 + I,.3 - 1 .R2 = 0
R, R, Ri R2 _ C:>R2-3l5 = 3 (2) :j
Thay (5) vao (4): R2+6I5 =3 R2 =3Q

^ Tir(l)va(2):
'90 90^ R2-315=3 15=0 ,
.r = 30. ^ . ^ = 1 (6)
Ri R2
Vi I5 = 0, do do ta CO mach cau can bang:
R, R. R, 1
- Thay (3) vao (6): — + — = 1 o — = — = > - i = ^ = ^ R , = —!-.R,=-.6 = 2n :
11 Rj R2 11 R, R. R ^ -
2 '^4 '^2 'J
R 2 _ 33 Way: R2 = 3Q; R 3 = 2Q.
(7)
9.76. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve:
R E = 6V, r = 1Q, R, = 2Q, R2 = 5Q,
- Tir(3)va(7): 1 = ^ (8)
R. 3 R3 = 2,4Q, R4 = 4,5a R5 = 3Q. „ *?
Tim ci/5ng dp dong dien qua
- Gpi U la hieu dien the dinh miJc cua 2 den thi: R, = — ; R- = mach chinh.
1 D ' 2
Bai giai
(9)
R. P, •âch 1: Chung ta chuyen mach tam giac A M N thanh mach sao:
Ta c6: - • •• •, r
- Tir(8) va (9): - = ^=:>P2 = - P , = - . 6 0 = 160W. . R,R2 2.5
3 3 3
R,+ R2+ R, 2+5+3
Vay: Cong sua't dinh miJc cua den D2 la 160W.
R, 3.2
9.75. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 11V,
r = 0,5Q, R, = IQ, R4 = 6Q, R5 = 3Q.
1 1 R , + R,+ R2 3+2+5
Cu'dng dp mach chinh I = 4A, cu'cJng dp R2R5 5.3
R5
dong dien qua Ri la Ii = 3A. ^ R2 R4 R2+R5+R, 5 +3+2
Tinh R2, R3. 1—1
"•hi do mach ngoai gom:
Bai giai nt [ ( R ^ n t R j ) // ( R ; n t R j '
\
Gia sijf dong dien c6 chieu nhU' hinh ve, ta c6:

E,r + Dien trd mach ngoai: rj
1 = 1,+ I2=>I2 = I - I , = 4 - 3 = lA
290 29 l i
B6i diiSng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vjgt
^ (R^.R3)(R;.R,) ^ ( 0 . 6 . 2,4).( 1,5.4,5) ^ 3 ^ f a i M : 11 = I , + 15 = 13 + 0,2 (1)

^ Rj+R^+Rj+R^ 0,6 + 2,4+1,5 + 4,5 TaiN: I , = I4 - U = I4 - 0,2 (2)
j(et theo cac vong kin:
+ Ci/cing do dong dien mach chinh: I = = 1,5A ^ Vong a: U A M + U M N + UNA = 0
3+1
o l , K i + lsRs--l:R2 = 0
Cach 2: Chon chieu dong dien nhU'hinh ve:
R, R3
0 2 0 1 . +0,2Rs-60l2 = 0 (3)
- T a i M : I , = I,, + l 5 (1) M I3
3 + Vong b: 1 \ , H + U | , N + UNM = 0
-
-
Tai N: I2 = I 4 - I5
Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:

+ Vong a: U A M + U M N + UNA = 0
(2)
10 R4
<^ h R .
o 201,
- l,R4-l5R5 = 0
201, -~ O.2R5 = 0 (4)

Vong c: U \ + U ^ H - E + Ir = 0
o I , R | + IjRs - I2R2 = 0
N o I2R2 + 1 , R 4 - l i + ( I 3 + l4).r = 0
c>21, + 3 l 5 - 5 l 2 = 0
c
(3)
o 6OI2 + 2014-38,8 + ( I 3 + l4).2 = 0
+ Vong b: U M B + U B N + U N M = 0
0 601: + 221,+ 21, = 38,8 (5)
<=> I3R3 - I4R4 - IjRs = 0 _ Thay (1) va (2) vao (3) va (5), ta dUdc:
<^ 2,4l3 - 4,5l4 - 3I5 = 0 (4) E,r (3) => 20(l3 + 0,2) + 0,2R5 - 60(l4 - 0,2) = 0
+ Vong c: UAB - E + I r = U A N + UNB - E + Ir = 0
o 2 0 l 3 - 6 0 l 4 + 0.2R5 = -16 (6)
o I2R2 + I4R4 - E + ( I , + l2)r = 0 ( V I I = I i + I:)
(S) => 60(1, - 0,2) + 22I4 + 2I3 = 38,8
<=>5l2 + 4 , 5 l 4 - 6 + ( I , + I2).I = 0
c:> 21,+ 8214 = 50,8 (7)
o 6 l 2 + 4,5l4 + I , = 6 (5)
2OI3 - 2 0 l 4 - 0 , 2 R 5 = 0 13 =0,8A
- T h a y ( l ) , ( 2 ) v a o ( 3 ) v a ( 5 ) , tadu-dc:
- Tu'(4), (6), (7): j 201, -601^+0,2R5 = - 1 6 ^ ^ 14 =0,6A
(3) 2.(13 + 15) + 3 1 , - 5 ( l 4 - l 5 ) = 0
02I3-5I4+1015 =0 (6) 2I,+ 82l4 =50,8 R, = 20Q
(5) 6{U - 1 5 ) + 4,5l4 + (I3 + I5) = 6 V a y : R 5 = 20Q.

0I3+10,514-515 =6 (7) !^.78. Cho mach dicMi nhU hinh ve: r = lOQ,
'2,413 -4,514-315 = 0 13 = lA Ri = 300Q, R2 = 190Q. Khi K md, von
- TLr(4),(6),(7): 2 I 3 - 5 I 4 + IOI5 = 0 14 = 0,5A ke chi 90V; khi K dong von ke chi 60V. A
I 3 + 10,51^ -5I5 =6 15 = 0,05A Tinh:

a) E.
- CUdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 = I3 +14 = 1 + 0,5 = 1,5A.
Hieu dien the giffa hai cUc nguon dien
Vay: CUdng do mach chinh la 1,5A.
khi K md va khi K dong.
9.77. Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh ve.
' liai giiii
Biet E = 38,8V, r = 2Q, R, = R 3 =
Tinh E
R4 = 20Q, R2 = 60Q, cu-dng do
Cioi Rv la dien trd ciia von ke,
dong dien qua R5 la 0,2A. /
khi do mach dUdc ve lai nhUsau:
Tim R5.
Taco: UAH = E - I(R2 + r) (1)
Bai giai
IJ AH 90
Gia suf cac dong dien c6 chieu nhuhinh ve, ta c6: Khi K mcf, ta c6: 1 = 1.,
R, R„
292 293
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Mguygn Phu D6n9
90 ^ , ^ s o c h i c u a v o n k e V2.
- Thay vaoCOtadu-dc: 90 = E .(190+ 10)
Coi Rv la dien trd cua cac von ke'. r J U . » .
18000
o90 = E- (2) c6:UAB = E-lr
E - U , , 150-110 , 150 . ' - - . 1 1 —
1= K
- K h i K dong, ta co: I ' = I > I , = Hk.H- = = • R
-^R
R. R R„ 300 R, 15
a M k h a c : U A u = liRv
- Thay v a o ( l ) , tadirdc: 60 = £ - ( — + - ) . ( 1 9 0 + 1 0 )
I'v
(2)
^ 12000 • 0 RV
<=>60 = E 40
U AB
12000
(yi^.u A va I , =
R(2R+Rv)
o 100 = E - (3) 2R+ «, I2
RV K R + 2R + Rv
7'
110.(3R + R v )
18000
90 = E -
E = 120V 6R^+ 2RRv+R(2R + Rv)
TO (2) va (3):
12000 Ry = 600n ^ _ iio.(3R+Rv) , i ,11- ' ~!Mt^,M),lr
100 = E -
R, 8R'+3RR,
Vay: Sua't dien dong ciia nguon la E = 120V. IP' 110 110.(3R + R v ) _ 150 '05; a .
b) H i e u dien the' giiJa hai ciTc nguon dien khi K m d va khi K dong.i - Taco: I , +I2 = I <^ +
Rv 8R^+3RR R
90 90 i l l
- KhiKmd,tircaua,tac6: I = Iv = — = =0,15A^ o 880R2+ 3 3 0 R R v + 330RRv + l l O R ; = i 2 0 0 R R v + 4 5 0 R i '1^1^. ' :^

^ Rv 600
o 340Ri+540RRv-880R^ = 0 o 17R^v+27RRv " 4 4 = 0
- H i e u dien the'giiJa hai ci/c ngu6n dien la:
U„,c = E - I r = 1 2 0 - 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 = 118,5V -27R + 61R „ (4)
K h i K dong, ta c6: I ' = — + - = = 0,3A

Rw 5 600 5 110.(3R + R) ^ 440 _ 40
Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: I2 =
- H i e u dien the giiJa hai cifc nguon dien la: 8R2+3R.R "R R
UAc = E-rr= 1 2 0 - 0 , 3 . 1 0 = 117V. 40 , M

fl.+ l . = L 13+14 =
13+14=12.
V a y : K h i K m d , hieu dien the giiJa hai cifc nguon dien la 118,5V; khi K dong- Matkhac: R
I3.R=I4.3R
hieu dien the giffa hai ciTc nguon dien la 117V. I3 = 31,
9.79. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: I / 40
Cac dien trd thuan dcu c6 gia tri ., o3I,-.I, = -=^l4 = ^
B 10
la R, nguon E = 150V, r = — R, E,r' /ay: So chi cua von ke V2 bhng ^ R v = = •
15 D
cdc von ke c6 ciing dien trd. B i e t

v o n k e V , Chi l l O V . 295
294
Ml duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vjl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
9.80. Cho mach dien nhiT Wnh ve, hieu

Vdi I = - A, thay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
dien the' U A B ' u o n diTdng, dong dien E, r d) 4
mach chinh c6 chieu tijf A den B, ^ 1

1 I = - —A
R, = 15Q, R2 = 4 0 Q , E = 2 0 V , 6 ^ U A B = I2R2=-?-.40=^V
r = 5 Q . Circ cua E noi v d i B cd the
1^ cifc dU'dng hoac a m .
L 3 = -' ^ 12
T i n h U A B , chieu va ci/dng do cua I i , I2 neu: Dong I : CO chieu n g i T d c vdi chieu da chon,d6ng h cung chieu vdi chieu da
a) I = 2 A . chpn. -J
b)I= lA. c)I= -A. d ) I = - A. E|,ri
2 4 ^81. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E | = 1 , 5 V ,
B a i giai E2 = 2 V , Rv ra't Idn, von ke chi 1 , 7 V . 1
Gia suT cdc dong dien cd chieu nhU' hinh ve. Hoi khi dao ci/c nguon E i , von ke chi bao
' Ta cd: I , + I2 = I (1) nhieu?cd can dao l a i cifc von ke'khong?
I—
U A B = I2R2 (2) \ B a i giai E2, h
U A B = I i R i + E + I,r (3) .I2 _ Ban dau (khi chu'a dao ciTc nguon E i ) , ta cd:
Tir(l),(2),(3): R, U„A = E,+Ir, (I) :
fl,+ I , = I , I,+ l 2 = I va U B A = E2 - Ir2 (2)
<=>
I2R2 = I , ( R , + r) + E (R, + r)I, -R2I2 = - E (I5 + 5)Ii-40l2
o E i + I r i = E 2 - I r 2 = > 1= ^~ '
lL-î2=J I,+ l 2 = I
(4)
2 0 1 , -4OI2 = - 2 0 I,-2l2 = - l E2, rj
Tir ( 2 ) suy ra: U B A = E2 - ]
a) V d i I = 2 A , lhay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
I, = l A (3)
UAB = I2R2= 1.40 = 4 0 V .
1,-21, = - 1 |l2 = 'A
dao ciTc nguon E i , ta c d :
Chieu ciia I| va I2 nhif da chpn ban dau.
b) V d i I = 1 A, thay vao he ( 4 ) , la diTdc: ^ ' " " ^ ^ ^ U ' - E -I'r - E
r,+ r2
E2, r2
I,+ l2 = I 80,
• '2 =_ 0 , 6 = > U ' 3 ^ = 2 - ( 2 + 1,5).0,6= - 0 , 1 V
IÛAB = I2R:= - . 4 0= — V Ma
[l,-2l2 = - l
Vay: So chi cua von ke bang 0 , 1 V va ta can phai dao ciTc cua von kg'.
Chieu cua I , va I2 nhu'da chon ban dau. ^•82. Cho mach dien nhir hinh ve: cac
El, Ti E2, r2
Von ke' cd dien trd ra't Idn.
c) V d i I = ^ A , thay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
^ K h i K m d , von ke V , chi 1,8V, V2 chi 1,4V. ;
I, = 0 " K h i K ddng v o n ke V , chi 1,4V, V j chi 0 , 6 V .
1
I = > UAB = I2R2 = - . 4 0 = 2 0 V Hoi neu dao ciTc cua nguon E2 thi cac von
I,-2l2 = - I ^ e ' se chi bao nhieu khi K ddng? K h i nay cd
Dong Ii bj triet l i e u , dong I2 cd chieu nhu'da chon. Hi^lndaocirc v o n k e ' n a o k h o n g ? ^ K R
296 291
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Vi§t
Bai giai I, R.
=>3l2 = 6 I , = i > I i = y
- V i v o n k e c 6 d i e n t r d ra't I d n n e n k h i K m d t h i k h o n g c 6 d o n g d i e n q u a m a c h '
^ E , = U | = i , 8 V ; E2 = U 2 = 1 , 4 V ..., ^ ;v , ., y • . I 6+E2 > • E|,r| E l , r2
C
M a : I i + l2 = l ^ I | = - = A B
- K h i K d o n g va chu'a d a o ciTc: ' 15
E l , r, Ej,
E,+E, E ,1-^^-2
+ E B 21. 2.(6+E2)
J. A
Tac6:I=—! ^ U , = E, - Ir, = E,-
r
R+r, +r2 ' R+rj+r/' =>I2 = R,
3 15
D
_ E,-U, _ 1,8-1,4 (V, va Uc-D = U c B + U i i D
= 0,125 6 + E-, 6 + E, ^
R + r , + r2 E , + E2 1,8 + 1 , 4 = E 2 - I r 2 - I , R 3 = E2 ^.1 ^-3 •
5 15
E, + E . K
va U2 = E2 - hi = E2 - R ^ I 2 + 2E2 _3E2-12
R + r , + r2 => U c u -
5 5
h E2-U2 _ 1.4-0,6 _ Meu d i e n t h e d C c a o h d n d D t h i U C D = ' , 5 V , c o n n e u d i e n t h e d D c a o h d n d
= 0,25 E|, r, E2, r.
R + r, + E , + E2 1,8+1,4 C t h i U c D = - l , 5 V , thay v a o ( 2 ) , tadu'ctc2tru'dnghdp: ,
- K h i K d o n g va d a o cifc n g u o n E2:
1,5 = E2 = 6 , 5 V
E.-E,
Taco: I' ' _= 1
R + r, + r2 E2 = 1,5 V
UAB=E,-I'r,=E,-(E,-E2).
I R
R + r, + r2 + V d i E2 = 1 , 5 V , t h a y v a o ( 1 ) , ta diTdc: 1 = = 1,5A
= ^ U A B = 1 , 8 - ( 1 , 8 - 1,4).0,125 = 1,75V
Cong sua't c d a m S i ngu6n: P, = E , I = 6 . 1 , 5 = 9 W ; P2 = E2I = 1 , 5 . 1 , 5 = 2 , 2 5 W .
vaUBc = - E 2 - r r 2 = -E2-(E,-E2). H i e u suaft c u a m o i n g u o n : , , - -

R + r, + T2
UBC = - 1 , 4 - ( 1 , 8 - 1,4).0,25 = - 1 , 5 V . E, 6 b, 1,3

V a y : So c h i c i i a V , la 1 , 7 5 V ; c u a V2 l a 1 , 5 V va p h a i d a o cifc V2.
6 + 6,5
9.83. C h o m a c h d i e n nhir h i n h ve: E, = 6 V , ^ + V d i E2 = 6 , 5 V , t h a y v a o ( 1 ) , ta diTdc: I = — = 2,5A
r, = 2 Q , r2 = I Q , R, = R j = R3 = 3Q, von
' Cong suat c i i a m o i n g u o n : P, = E , I = 6.2,5 = 1 5 W ; P2 = E2I = 6,5.2,5 = 16,25W.
El, ri E2, rj
ke V (Rv r a t Idn) chi 1,5V. , . / C
A H i e u sua't c u a m o i n g u o n :
T i n h E2, c o n g s u a t v a h i e u s u a t m o i n g u o n .
. B a i giai H,= l-^^' ^ = 16,67% ; H 2 = 1 - ^ = 1 - — = 6 1 , 5 4 % .

E, 6 ' •- 6 5
R, R
- V i v o n k e c 6 d i e n tret r a t I d n n e n k h o n g c 6
D ''•H Cho m a c h d i e n nhiThinh ve: * , .,1
dong dien qua von k e . E,,r,
E, = 9 V , r, = l a R i = 2 Q , R2 = 6 Q ,
- D i e n tra mach ngoai: R , = M^lhl = l ^ l l ^ ) ^ 2a K = 0. " '
— f-
R 2 + R , + R3 3 + 3 + 3
Khi K m d , a m p e ke chi 0 .
_E2,
I - ^1+^2 _ 6 + E2 _ 6 + E2 ^ Khi K dong, ampe ke chi 8 , 4 A . ^2 Ri
(1) r2
R N + r , + r2 2 + 2 + 1 ~ 5
T i m E 2 , r2. ,..,..„ .,
Ta cd:l2R2 = Ii(Ri +R3)
299
298
B6i diiSng hqc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng
}Chi E : song song vdi E i (hinh c), ta c6:

- K h i K m d , la CO the ve lai mach nhirsau: ( LJAB = E | - I , r i (3)
1,
+ V i ampe ke'chi 0 nen khong CO dong qua nguon E i : UAB = E 2 - l 2 r 2 . (4)
E„r,
E, UAB = I R (5)
=> I = = lA
R,+R2+r, 2+6+1 1 +12 = 1 = 1 (6) • ^ , ^ ^
' => = r I R 2 = 1.6 = 6 V + Thay(5) vao(3):IR = E , - I | r , . ' R
B => l . R = 1 5 - l , r , (7) Hinhc

+ M a t khac: UAH = E , E . = 6V.
+ Thay (1) vao ( 7 ) : 1 5 - r i 1 5 - I , r , = > r i = l , r i =::>I, = l A . ,,. -
- K h i K dong, ta c6 the ve lai mach nhu* sau:
+ T i f (6) suy ra: 1 + I2 = 1 =^ I2 = 0. , • 1, iîii. :
+ T a c 6 : U A c = E | - I r , <:^0 = E , - I r ,
+ Ket hdp (4) va (5): 1 .R = E . => R = E2 = l O Q . nnui<::.i
E|. r.
+ TCr (1) suy ra: r, = 1 5 - 10 = 5a . ; -
V a y : R = lOQ; r, = 5Q; r2 = lOQ.
I2 = I - IA = 9 - 8,4 = 0,6A.
9.86. M o t so nguon d i e n nhU' nhau ( m o i nguon c6 suat dien dong e, dien trd
=:> UAB = I2R2 = 0,6.6 = 3,6V.
trong r) m^c noi tie'p lhanh mach k i n , dien trd cac day noi khong dang ke.
+ V i A va C CO the chap lai vdi nhau nen: r-.
a) Tinh hieu dien the'giffa hai d i e m ba't k i trong mach. .
•i D) Hoi nhu" tren nhifng e cac nguon khac nhau con r moi nguon ti le thuan vdi e
UcB = UAB = 3,6V :=>! = ^ = ^ = 18A
,,„.,, , ' R, 2 cua nguon do. ni
+ CiTcJng do dong dien qua nguon E2 la: I ' = I , + 1. = 1,8 + 0,6 = 2,4A. c) Hoi nhu" cau a nhUng so nguon la chftn va hai nguon d canh nhau c6 cac ciTc
cung ten noi vdi nhau.
+ Ta l a i c6: U A B = - l'r2 =>r, =
Co n hp nguon khac nhau mac song song.
I' 2,4
Hay chiJng minh bo nguon nay lu^dng du'dng vdi mot nguon (E,r) c6:
Vay: E2 = 6 V , r 2 = I f i .
E E, E, E.. 1 1 1
9.85. D i e n trd R mic vao nguon ( E | = 15V, r,) se c6 dong dien l A di qua. Diiny
-+....+- va - = — + — +....+ —
them nguon (E2 = lOV, r2) mac song song hoac no'i tie'p vdi nguon trift'c ' r r.
ciTcf.ng do dong dien qua R khong d o i . Tim R, r i , r2. B a i giai

Bui |>iai a) H i e u dien the giiJa hai diem bat k i trong mach (\) 'C
El, r.
- K h i chi CO nguon E | (hinh a): - Gia su" CO n nguon mac noi tie'p tao thanh mach k i n nhiT hinh ve:
E,^1 15 - Ta tim liieu d i e n the giiJa hai d i e m A , B bat k l : v.^^^.^

Ta c6: I _= o 1=
R+r, R + r, „ Eu ne e ^
Ta cd: Eb = ne; rb = nr => I = — - —
R r
R + r, = I 5 Q nr
(I)
Hinh a
Gia siV trong doan A B c 6 ^ nguon no'i tie'p:
- K h i E2 no'i tie'p vdi E | (hinh b), ta c6: I =
R + r,+ E , r, E,, r: UAB = me - I(inr) =:> UAB = me - - .(mr) = me - me = 0
I
+ V i cadng do dong dien qua R khong ddi nen:
R
+ Thay (1) v ^ o (2), ta du-dc: 15 + r2 = 25 => r. = lOQ. Hinh b
300
B6i_dL0ng hpc sinh_gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
T a c 6 : E b = e , + e2 + + e„; R h = ri + r2 + + r„ ^ p d u n g c o n g thiJc: A '

_ E , _ e|+e,+...+e„ kr, + k r , + . . . . + k r
I = E , _E ,
-J 2 n. EH = ( -
r,+r2+...+r„
I =>UAB = (ei + e 2 + . . . . + e , „ ) - I ( r i + r : + + r,,,) V2

1 = 1 . . ' -=> ""b =
UAB = (ei + e 2 + . . . . + e , „ ) - k ( r i + r 2 + + r,„)
UAB = e i + e 2 + ....+ e , „ - e i - e 2 - . . . . - e , „ = 0 ,E, E ,
V a y : T r i / d n g h d p suat d i e n d o n g c a c n g u o n k h a c n h a u t h l U A B = 0. -- •-.-•I— r
Ta c 6 : U ^ g = ^ ^ = -.R =
c ) T r U d n g h d p so' n g u o n l a c h i n v a h a i n g u o n d c a n h n h a u c 6 c a c ciTc c i i n g ten R+n R+n
no'i v d i n h a u
- C a c n g u o n c 6 c i l n g s u a t d i e n d o n g n c n k h i h a i n g u o n g a n n h a u c 6 cac cuc .R
(E,r2+E,r,).R
c u n g t e n no'i v d i n h a u t h i suat d i e n d o n g c u a b o h a i n g u o n d o se t r i e t t i e u . 2'1-
Rr,+ Rr2+ FITJ
- V I so' n g u o n l a c h a n n e n s u a t d i e n d o n g c u a b o n g u o n se b h n g 0 => I = 0. R + ^ f--
D o d o , h i e u d i e n the' giiJa h a i d i e m m a so n g u o n giiJa h a i d i e m d o la c h a n thi
se b a n g 0 , c o n n e u so n g u o n giCfa h a i d i e m d o l a l e t h i se b a n g sua't dien - E2 l a m a y p h a t k h i d o n g I2 > 0 ( c u n g c h i e u d a c h o n ) :
d o n g c u a m o t n g u o n e. Taco: U A B = E2 - I2r2 *" c
E l , r.
- Tru'dng h d p n n g u o n khac nhau mSc song song: , =Î2>0<Ê2-UAB>0=Ê2>UAB. H?)nftr '1
1 1
+ Vdihinha:I = Ii+I2 + + I„ - E2 l a m a y t h u k h i I2 < 0 (ngUdc c h i e u d a c h p n ) : E2 E2 = U A B -
'1 Vay: U , „ = ( E ^ T J J K E J I ^ X R _ ^^^^ ^
E7 E „ 1 1 1 Rr,+ Rr2+r,r2
1
— + + - ^ ) - U A B ( - + - + . . . . + - ) ( 1 )
thu t h l E2 < U A B ; d e E2 k h o n g p h a t , k h o n g t h u t h i E2 = U A B - ,(,„£.,,: 1
Hinh a
9.88. C h o m a c h d i e n nhu" h i n h v e . T a t ci c a c d i e n trd c u a m a c h n g o d i d e u g i o n g
E - U . A „B _
E U
A B
+ V d i hinh b: I = (2)1 n h a u v a b a n g R Q = 2 Q , b o n g u o n g o m n p i n m ^ c n o i tie'p, m o i p i n c 6 suat
r
d i e n d o n g e v a d i e n t r d t r o n g r = I Q . B o q u a d i e n tret c a c d a y n o i .
E, E , 1 1
+ Tir(l)va(2): - - ^ -= r ( —
^ + — + . . . . + — ) - U , „ ( - + - + . . . . + - ) 5 ) T i n h d i e n t r d ti/dng diTdng cQa m a c h
n g o a i v a ciTdng d o d o ' " " - c 1

+ D o n g nha't h a i v e , ta du'dc: E,r n g u o n , bi *'t r h n g ci/r' j u n g dien
+ D
E E . E , E „ A •- f- qua n h a n h D^" b u i . ^ .-,5A.
^) N e u n p i n i n ^ c s o n g s o n g v d i n h a u
Hinhb
1 1 1 1 thl cirdng d o d o n g d i e n qua nhanh
- =— + — + . , .+ — B
D B b K n g 0 , 3 A . T i m so p i n n v a sua't
9 . 8 7 . C h o m a c h d i e n nhiT h i n h v e . T i m dien dong e cua m c ipin. j .
b i e u thtfc t i n h U A B - K h i n a o E2 l a : ^) M a c l a i b p n g j o ^ h a n h ha^ r h d n l i , m o t n h a n h g o m m o t p i n , n h a n h thtJf h a i

E , , r , ^ g o m c a c p i n c o n 1; 1 m a c n o i tio'p, c ic dMng c u a cac nhanh quay ve c u n g m o t
May phat? M d y thu? Khong phdt,
k h o n g thu? p h i a . T i m c u d n g c ) d c n g die n qua . i h . i n h A C v a c a c n h a n h c u a b o n g u o n .
B a i giai B a i giai
302
i A • • 3031
a ) D i e n t r d tiTdng diTdng c u a m a c h n g o a i v a cir6ng do dong d i e n qua bo ngu6n V = 0,3 + i ; + i ; = 0,3 + 0,15 + 0,15 = 0,6A
- D i e n t r d t i r d n g du-dng:
^^'AH = U k D + Kli = I'Ro+ 0'6 = 0.6.2 + 0,6 = 1,8V .
+ T a CO t h e v e l a i m a c h n h u - s a u ( h i n h a ) : ' t ,t >
+ D o t i n h cha't c i i a m a c h c d u n e n m a c h t r e n tiTdng d i / d n g v d i m a c h s a u ( h i n h b] M a t khac: U;^,j = Ej, -1'r^ =^ 1,8 = e - 0 , 6 . - (3)

n
3 = ne - n
ne-n = 3 ^1 n = 3 1
T i r { 2 ) va (3): 0,6 <^
l,8 = e- ne - 1 , 8 n = 0.6' e = 2V
B
D
D
ay: So' pin la n = 3, suat dien dong cua moi pin la e = 2 V . j, $
CVdiig do dong dien qua nhanh AC va cac nhanh cua bp nguon
0,5A
c Mach bay g i d c6 the du'dc ve lai nhi/sau: ^^^^ ^l^.-^^
—JK- , Ta co: V,n = IRN = 31 (4) ' ; ' '
va n , H = H , - I , r , = 2 - I , (5)
R' 2Ro 2R, R 2
0
UAH = E . - I2r2 = 2.2 - 1 2 . 2 = 4 - 2I2 (6)
vdi 1 = I , + I2 (7)
= > R N . = RO+R' = R „ + : ^ = ^ = 3 ^
^ TiJf(4),(5),(6),(7):
- Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon 31 = 2 - 1 , I, =-0,18A
Ta c6: IDB = 0,5A => U D B = 0,5Ro = 0,5.2 = 1V. A C B
31 = 4 - 2 1 - I , =0,91 A
D
I = I,+ l / I = 0,73A
2.2 ^ 2Ro
Vay : - U c = I = 0,73A.
I = 0,5 + I , + I2 = 0,5 + 0,25 + 0,25 = 1 A.
Dong d i e n qua nhanh gom 1 pin la
Vay: D i e n trd tiTdng di/cfng cua mach la =3Cl; ciTdng do dong dien qua
Ii = 0,18A,
bo nguon la I = 1 A.
chieu nguTdc v d i chieu da chpn.
b) So' pin n va suat dien dong e cua moi pin
Dong d i e n qua nhanh con lai la I2 = 0,91 A.
- Tri/dng hdp n pin m^c no'i tiep d cau a, ta c6: U A B = E b - I r b (1) ^•89. Cho mach d i e n nhiThinh ve: E, = 6V,
vdi UAB = UAD + UDB - IRo + UDB = U + 1 = 3V. E l , r, E2, r2
E2 = 9 V , r, = r2 = 0,5Q, R, = R3 = 8Q, D
va
Eb = ne
= nr = n . l = n
R4 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,5
12V- 18W.
, C2 = 0 , 2 , den
V.
Thay vao (1), ta diTdc: 3 = ne - n • (2) Ban dau K m d va khi chu'a m^c cac
=e "guon, ca hai tu deu chiTa tich dien.

M
- K h i n nguon m^c song song, ta c6: Tinh d i e n t i c h cac t u .
R3
n n * ^ dong, d e n D sang binh thiTdng. Tinh
R2
+ M a t khac: IQB = 0,3A UDB = 0,3.Ro = 0,3.2 = 0 6 V ^2 Va d i e n liTdng do cdc tu phong qua
N
' ^ i ' Rj va n o i ro chieu chuyen dong cua C2
^ , ; = ^2R.
. M , 2.2
O . , 5 A ; , ; = 2R.
M.M=O,,5A' i ^ , electron.
2.2
+ Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon:
304 305
BCi clu3ng hpc smn'gioi vai ly 1 1 , IJJD i - iviguyen h-nu uong Cty TNHH M T V D W H i < h , p j vi§t
Bai giai ^ ^ 240+15.16
a) Dien tich cac tu: Khi K md khong c6 dong dien qua mach: •Ma I = =2A
Tac6:U,.^=UMP=E, =6V 88 + 9,5.16 ,, .
^ UAD = 6 - 2.0,5 = 5V; U M D = -12 + 5 = -7V.
=> q, = C^l]^.^ = 0,5.6 = 3|iC ciTc diTdng cua tu noi vdi Ri. ^ U D M = 7V.
: ^ q , = C , U D M - 0 , 5 . 7 = 3,5 nC. "

va U , . ^ = U N B - U ^ „ + U o 3 =Uc^+E2 = 6 + 9 = i5V , ,
gay gid ciTc am cua tu no'i vdti R| thl dien lu'ctng chuyen qua R i la:
q2 = ^'2-' ^ ^ diTdng cua C2 noi vdi N . -3,5 - 3 = 6,5nC va chieu tii M den D.
' Vay:qi = 3^C;q2 = 3nC. Vdi tu C 2 : U , . = = U ^ ^ +U^,, = +Uj
b) Tinh R2 va dien lu-cfng do cac tu phong qua R , , R3 ^
Ji UR^=I3R3 =I2R3 ( V l l , = l2)
- Khi K dong, den sang binh thi/dng:
Taco: U A M = U D = 12V , = I - I , = 2 - 1,5 = 0,5A. J ,
P.„. 18 I U R ^ = 0,5.8 = 4V ; U ^ ^ = I R ^ = 2.0,5 = I V ; U^.^ = 4+1 = 5V .
_ dm _
I, = = — = 1,5A (1) , IS' • f-
=> q2 = C2U^, = 0,2.5 = 1 nC va ciTc du-dng noi vdi diem N.
va L = — (2) Aq2 = I 2 " I 2 = 1-3

'~ = 2MC va chieu tCr M den N .
R2+R3 R2+8
ffiy: R2 = 16Q; Aq,= 6,5nC (chieu tiT M den D); Aq2 = 2^C (chieu tii M
i Matkhac: 1= ^1 + ^2
Rf^ + r,+ r2
hn N).
9.90. Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh: E, = 9V, Ej = 6V,
Rp,(R,+R,)
vdi R^ = R 4 + - ^ ^ ^ ^ r, = 0,8Q, r2 = 0,2Q, den D: 12V - 6W, bien
^ ^ R^+R.+R
^ Rb C O gia tri thay doi tuf 0 den 144Q, C| =
8(R,+8)
= 0,5+-^ 2
72+8,5R. <l«F,C2 = 3 n F .
8+R2+8 16+R2
^tn sang binh thu'dng. Tinh R, va UPQ.
6+9
240+15R. |o N di chuyen deu tiT dau A den dau B cua
=^ 1 = (3) A
In trd trong thdi gian t = 5s. Tim chieu va do
16+R2 cu'dng do dong dien tiJc thdi qua ampe ke
^ng thdi gian tren.
Vi I = I , + I2 nen t i r ( l ) , (2), (3) ta c6: Ei,r, E2, r2
i ! Bai giai
240+15R, 12
— ^ = 1,5 + Tinh R, va UpQ -X^
~ + 9,5R, R2 +
12^
o 360R,+ 15R, + 1920 = 246R,+14,25R, + 1056 + 1056 + 114R, la c6: I = = — = 0,5A ; R,, = = 24n
dm , j 12 ' ' D p z:
^dm ^dm "
« 0 , 7 5 R ^ - 1 9 2 = 0 =i>R2 = 16^
^ ' den sang binh thu'dng nen: Ii = Ij,,, = 0,5A (1)
- Dien lu'Ong do cac tu phong qua R i , R 3 :
^D = Uj,„=12V
Taco: U M D = U M A + UAD I,(Rf,+ R,) 0,5.(24+ R , )
vdi U M A = - U A M = - U D = - 1 2 V ; U A D = E , - I r , Ta lai cd: L = i i ^ ^ l ^ = (2)
R. 144
306 307
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viftt |
E,+ E , C, M k M o t day dong chat, tie't dien khong doi, c6 dien trd R, dUdc uo'n t h i n h
' Mi/c>ng tron va chia thanh ba phiin bhng nhau bdi ba pin. M o i pin c6 sua't dien
R. ( R „ + R , ) |j0ng E va dien trd trong khong dang ke, cac pin m^c cijng chieu. ,
vdi: R^, = ^
h A N
B (jiffa hai d i e m xuyen tarn do'i A, B ngiTcfi ta
a)
bhng day noi khong dien trd mot tu
144.(24+ R,) _ 144.(24+ R|)
(jjen dien dung C. T i n h dien tich cua t u . Ban
144 + 24 + R 168+ R
R, ^ j o tich dien diTdng?
/^
9 + 6 15.(168+ R j ) [,) Thay tu dien bang mot von ke' c6 dien trd
!1 -
144(24-HR^;;^ = 3624+145R, E|, r. Ro.Tinh:
2' ^2
168+R CU'dng do dong dien qua von ke va so' chi B
cua von ke. B
15.(168+ R,) ^ 0 , 5 . ( 2 4 + R,)
V l I = I , + I2 <::>
3624 + 145R 144 Ci/dng do dong dien qua hai nilfa difdng tron
1 va2.
o 362880 + 2 1 6 0 R , = 260928 + 10440R, + 4 3 4 8 8 + 1 8 1 2 R i + 1 7 4 0 R i + 7 2 , 5 R 2
c) Suf dung ket qua cau b tlm lai ket qua cau a (giCfa A va B la l u ) .
o 72,5Rf + 11832Rj - 58464 = 0 =:> R, = 4,8n B a i îai
- T i m UPQ: Ta c6: UPQ = Upc- + UCQ, vdi Upc = - U D = - 1 2 V ; UCQ = E , - Ir, a) Dien tich ciia tu
A A
3624+145.4,8 R R
UCQ = 9 - 0,6.0,8 = 8,52V U,xj = - 1 2 + 8,52 = -3,48V. „ , R „ 3E R K

'AH
V a y : R|= 4 , 8 Q ; U p Q = - 3 , 8 4 V . ... - R 2
b) Chieu va do Idn cu'dng do dong dien tiJc t h d i qua ampe ke

B
- K h i N d d a u A , t a c 6 : U^. = U ^ ^ = 0 q, = 0 . B
CE
=^ q = C U ^ = va ban du'dng noi vdi B.
= U N B = l 2 R b = ( ' - I i ) R b = ( 0 . 6 - 0 , 5 ) . 1 4 4 = 14.4V
=^^2 =C2^C2 = 3.14,4 = 43,2^C CE

Vay: D i e n tich cua tu la q = , ban no'i vdi B tich dien du'dng. 'J
Tong dien tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi d i e m M l a : Q = qi + q2 = 43,2fiC .
Cirdng do dong dien ,,j!..u,.
- K h i N de'n B t h i : U^^ = l 2 R b = 14,4V ^ q[ = C,U^^ = 2.14,4 = 2 8 , 8 ^ 0 .
Khi thay tu bang von ke' ta c6 the ve lai mach nhi/sau:
Tacd: U ^ 3 = - I ^ R o (1)
1, R/2
T d n g d i d n tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi M\h: Q ' = q j + q^ = 28,8^C (2)
- D i e n l i f d n g c h u y e n qua ampe ke la: A q = | Q ' - Q = 2 8 , 8 - 4 3 , 2 = 14,4fiC Iv

^ .A«B = - 2 E + I , . | (3)
- Cirdng dp dong dien qua ampe kd' la: I = ^ = = 2,88Â .
At 5 'i=Iv+l2 (4)
V a y : Dong d i e n ttfc thdi c6 chieu tii M de'n N va c6 do Idn I = 2,88 fiA • E, E: R/2
^ a y (1) vao (2) va (3), ta diTdc:
308 309
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
.u0enJllOi
^ " ' c d N G VA C d N G SUAT CUA NGUON DIEN
-I^R„=2E + I , . | (6) ',11!^!:'^ VA MAY THU DIEN
- Thay (4) vao (5) va (6), ta diWc: osv- ^ X 6 W T A T K I E I N THtrC
1. Cong, cCmg sua't va hieu suat cua nguOn diC'n , ,
-(I.-I,)R„=E-I,.| ^ I , ( R o + | ) - I . R o = E (7)
, C6ng cua nguon dien: A = EIt. : rr,.„ f i e i jAjft ,! <n «
-(I,-ipR„ = -2E + I , . | => l 2 R o - I , ( R o + f ) = - 2 E (8) , Cong sua't cua nguon dien: P = — = E I . .'..in u, J . . i , > ,
«, . m W!P'«|rt>.l»* _ H i e u suat cua nguon dien: H % = —.1007f = - ^ . 1 0 0 7 f = ).100%.

- N h a n h a i ve cua (8) vdi — ta difdc: ' ; E R +r E
(E, r la sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon; R la dien trd mach ngoai).
2. C o n g , cong sua't va hieu sua't ciia may thu dien
- Cong tieu thu cua may thu dien: A ' = U l t = E ' l t + r ' l ' t . " 5,},,
- Cong suat tieu thu cua may thu dien: P' = — = U l = E ' l + r ' l l
- L a y (7) trir (9) Iheo ve: ^rrv^rMlii&'l^''' t • i. ; r j
- Hieu suat ciia may thu dien: . ^j... ^ , „ . . ; . . ; •
(Ro+^' 2E.(R, + | )
H'%= —.1007c = ^ .10070 = ( 1 - — ) . 1 0 0 %
U E' + r'l U
^^0 'ô I
(E', r' la sua't phan dien va dien trd trong cua may thu; R la dien trd mach
^ 4 E ( 3 R ^ • , (10)'
ngoai).
' R 4R,)+R
2E 6Rn+R li. N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
- Ttiay vao (7), ta di/dc: I2 = — • — (11) - Be giai cac bai tap ve cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu
can chu y:
4E 3Rn+R 2ERf,
Thay (10) v a o ( 6 ) , t a d i r d c : - l y R o = - 2 E + — . " - " + Cac cong thiJc tinh cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu.
R 4Ro+R 4Ro+R
Nhd rang cac dien trd (dien trd, bong den, ban la, bep dien...) cung la may
2E , ^ 2ER„ _ 2E
thu dien: may thu chi tda nhiet.
4R0+R ^ " 4R0+R R + Pho'i hdp vdi cac cong thiJc dinh luat O m da bie't, cac cong thufc ve bo
4+-
Ro •H.' nguon mSc vdi nhau (noi tie'p, song song, hon hdp do'i xiJng...).
c) K h i thay von ke d cau b) bang tu nhiT cau a) thi Uv - > Uc; Ro - > Rc ^ V d i acquy khi phat d i e n thl ddng vai tro la nguon dien; khi nap dien thl
Luc do: dong vai tro la may thu dien.

^ o i vdi cac bai toan ciTc tri ciia cong sua't thu'dng difa vao he qua ciia bat
^ ^ R 2 2 âng thufc C o - s i nhu'da bie't hoac tarn thiJc bac hai de giai.
^ Vdi bai toan tlm so nguon hoac so den thoa man dieu k i e n cho tru'dc can chu
S la so den hoac so nguon phai nguyen, du'dng nen neu gia tri t i m du'dc khtJng
Ke't qua hoan toan dung nhiT each giai c( cau a).
•Nguyen thl ta chon cac gia tn nguyen Ian can, lap luan va chon gia t n dung-
310 311
Bdi dugng h o c sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu 06ng _Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH K h j n g Vi$t
C . C A C B A I T A P Vfe C O N G , C O N G S U A T C U A N G U 6 N DifN VA iv^^

V ^^V^^"
loan m ach c
mach cluVa m o t n g u o n sua't d i e n d o n g 1 2 V d a n g pli.it d i e n , d o n g dien
T H U OIEN I • P o nng
g ddoan
o a n m;
m a c h c l i a y tii" A d e n B c 6 d o I d n b i i n g 2 A va I ' = 8V.
1 0 . 1 . I f i n h b e n l a sd d o n a p d i e n c h o a c q u y ( E , i ) b h n g n g u o n h i e u d i e n th j j ^ p o a n m a c h chiin n g u o n 1 2 V d a n g p h a t d i ( - n , d o n g d i e n c h a y iijf A de'n B c 6
U A B = 2 , 4 V . B i e t E = 2 , 1 V , I , , = 2 A , R,, = 0, R = 0 , 1 Q . lid I d n b h n g 2 A va L'HA = 8 V .
a) T i n h r. T r o n g m o i t r i r d n g h d p h a y g i a i t h i c h si/ c h t - n h l e c h g i i l a d i e n n a n g t i e u t h u va
b) D u n g lu'dng cua acquy la lOAh E-r n h i e t lu'dng t o a r a t r o n g d o a n m a c h .
(36000C), linh ihdi gian n a p va nang Bai giiii - -
liTdng c u n g c a p c u a n g u o n . itiifîi Tru'cfng h d p d o a n m a c h c 6 m o t d i e n t r d R •
c) T i n h n h i e t lu'dng l o a ra t r o n g s u o t thcJi P i e n nang ma d o n g d i e n cung cap: A = H i t = 8 . 2 . 6 0 0 = 9 6 0 0 J . ' '
gian n a p . N h i e t l i f d n g t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h : Q = A = 9 6 0 0 J . , i ;"::>)<
d) T i n h phan dien n.lng bien t h a n h hoa li) T n f d n g h d p d o a n m a c h c o m o t a c q u y 6 V d a n g d i f d c n a p d i e n ' '
n a n g t r o n g thcli g i a n n a p . D\cn n a n g m a d o n g d i e n c u n g ca'p: A - l i l t = 8 . 2 . 6 0 0 = 9 6 0 0 J .
Hui niai N h i e t h r d n g l o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h : Q = ( I J - U ' ) I t = ( 8 - 6 ) . 2 . 6 0 0 = 2 4 0 0 J .
a) T i n h r c) Tru'cfng h d p d o a n m a c h chiâ m o t n g u o n d i e n d a n g p h a t d i e n
CUdng dp dong dien trong nuich: Dien nang ma dong dien cung cap: A = U l t = 8.2.600 = 9 6 0 0 J . u'ji'-
N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h :
U - H
1 = :> R + r -
R + r 1 E--U 12-8
Ta c 6 : 11 = l i - r l => r = =^2n =>Q = rlh = 2 . 2 l 6 0 0 = 4 8 0 0 J .
U 1-; 2,4-2,1 1 2
=> r = -R = - 0 , 1 -0,n5i2
I 2 + 10.3. A c q u y c 6 r = 0 , 0 8 Q . K h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y la 4 A , n o c u n g c a p c h o m a c h
V a y : r = 0,05 Q . ~ A B n g o a i m o t c o n g sua't b a n g 8\V.
b ) ThcJi g i a n n a p va n a n g lu'dng c u n g c a p c i i a n g u o n H o i k h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y la 6 A , n o c u n g ca'p c h o m a c h n g o a i c o n g s u a t

bao n h i e u ? , . ,
T h 5 i g i a n n a p ac q u y : t = y = ^ ^ ^ ^ = 18000s ^ 5h .
B a i giai
Hieu dien the'mach ngoai: U = E - r l .
N a n g liTdng c u n g c a p c u a n g u o n : A = U l t = 2,4.2.18(X)0 = 8 6 4 0 0 J ^ 86.4kJ
C o n g suii't c u n g c a p c h o m a c h n g o a i : P = U l = ( E - r l ) l .
V a y : T h d i g i a n n a p a c q u y la 5h; n a n g lu'dng c u n g c a p cu:i n g u o n la A = 86,4U
+ Vdi 1= 4A P = ( E - 0,08.4).4 = 8 :::> E = 2 , 3 2 V .
c) N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r o n g t h d i g i a n n a p
+ Vdi I ' = 6 A = > P ' = (2,32-0,08.6).6= 11,04W.
T a c 6 : Q = R l ' t = ( 0 , l + 0,05).2-. 18000 = 1 0 8 0 0 J = lO.SkJ.
V a y : K h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y l a 6 A , n o c u n g c a p c h o m a c h n g o a i c o n g sua't
V a y : N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r o n g t h d i g i a n n a p la Q = 10,8kJ.
la P' = 1 1 , 0 4 W . . i . -
d) P h a n d i e n n i i n g b i e n t h a n h hoa n a n g
' M . D i e n t r d R - 8 Q m a c v a o 2 ci/c m o t a c q u y c 6 d i e n t r d t r o n g r = I Q . S a u d o
T a c 6 : A ' = A - Q = 8 6 , 4 - 10,8 = 7 5 , 6 k J .
ngu'di ta m a c t h e m d i e n t r d R song s o n g v d i d i e n t r d c u .
V a y : P h a n d i e n n a n g bie'n t h a n h h o a n a n g t r o n g thcJi g i a n n a p l a A ' = 75 fi^^
H o i c o n g sua't m a c h n g o a i t a n g h a y g i a m b a o n h i e u Ian? , j „ v
1 0 . 2 . T i n h d i e n n a n g m a d o n g d i e n c u n g c a p c h o d o a n m a c h A B va n h i e t lu''^"-
B a i giiii
t o a r a trcMi d o a n m a c h t r o n g t h d i g i a n 10 p h u t t r o n g c a c trU'dng h d p s a u :
a) D o a n m a c h c 6 m o t dicMi t r d R, cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n qua R la 2 A , h i e u d i e n t'^ Cu'dng d p d o n g d i e n b a n d a u t r o n g m a t

' R+r
dau la 8 V .
b) D o a n m a c h c 6 m o t a c q u y 6 V d a n g dUdc n a p b h n g d o n g d i e n 2 A . H i e u J ' ' ' RE:-

C o n g sua't m a c h n g o a i : P, - R l ? =
(R+ir
14
t h e h a i d a u d o a n m a c h la 8 V .
313
Boi duSng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng
E 2E Cong suat mach ngoai: P = UI = (E - rl).l = EI - rf.

Cufdng dp dong dien sail khi mac them R: I , = R R+2r 135 = E.15-r.l5^ 15E-25r= 135
ITa c6: .E = 12V;r = 0,2Q.
64,8 = E.6-r.6^ 6E - 36r = 64,8
Cong suat mach ngoai: = —Ij = ivay: E = 12V;r = 0,2Q.

2 ' 2 (R+2r)2
|0 7- Nguon E = 6V, r = 2Q cung cap cho dien trd mach ngoai cong suat P = 4W.
P2 _ 2RE^ (R + r)^ _ 2(R + r)^ _ 2.(8 + 1)^ a) Tim R. ' s
= 1,62
Pi (R + Irf ' RE^ (R + Irf (8 + if , ^,) Gia si^ luc dau mach ngoai la dien trd R, = 0,5Q. Mac them vao mach ngoai
Vay: Cong suat mach ngoai tang len 1,62 Ian. ^ ,, dien trd R2 thi cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai khong ddi. Hoi R2 noi tiep hay
10.5. Dien trd R = 25Q mac vao bo nguon la 2 acquy giong nhau, dien trd tiono song song Ri va c6 gia tri bao nhieu?
moi acquy la r = lOQ. * Bai giai
Hoi trong hai tru^dng hdp acquy no'i tiep, song song, cong sua't mach ngoaj o a) TimR ' '" ' ' ' ''a,, ,j,'=: ,S -
Cong sua't mach ngoai: P = U I = (E - rl)l = EI - rl^
tru'dng hdp nao Idn hdn va Idn hdn bao nhieu Ian?
„Aih . f , ! r , ••.•r,f't: ll^l giî ,;;.„.,! ' l = 2A ,
o 4 =6I-2IôI^-3I +2=0
- Neu 2 acquy mac noi tie'p: Ei = 2E, ri = 2r. 1= l A
E. 2E
+ Cudng do dong dien trong mach: I , = — = . Matkhac: P = RI^ R= —
;;,-0;.M ' ' ' R + i^ R + 2r v^,^^,^ 3 KV i'/iji^
J 4E^ ' + VdiI = 2 A ^ R = — = IQ.
+ Cong suat mach ngoai: P. = R l f = R. .
(R + 2r)2
- Neu 2 ac quy mac song song: E2 = E, rj = —. + V d i l = 1A=> R = 4- = 4 i ^ -

1^
2 •('uohh.
Vay: R = 4Q hoac R = IQ.
E E 2E
+ Cqdng dp dong dien trong mach: L = — — = = . b) Cach mac R2 vdi R,
:: ' ^+-2 R^>- 2R+r t
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: I
2
F
4E^ S li
P = Rl2 = R ( _ ) 2 =
+ Cong suat mach ngoai: = RIj = R. R+r
(2R+r)^2 • • ''ff,
VR VR VR
_^ Pi _ 4E^R (2R + r)^ ^ (2R + r)^ ^ (2.25+10)^ _ 16
loi R3 la dien trd tuWug duting cua Ri va Rj, ta c6: P, = P3. : +
P2 (R + 2r)2' 4E2R (R + 2r)2 (25 + 2.10)" ~ 9 '
r^ r^
- o R,+2r+— =R,+2r+-
Vay: Cong sua't mach ngoai trong trirdng hdp 2 acquy mac noi tiep Idn hdn R R,
16
— Ian cong suat mach ngoai trong trUdng hdp 2 acquy mac song song.
n,2
R1-R3
10.6. Acquy (E,r) khi c6 dong I , = 15A di qua, cong suat mach ngoai la P, = 135^- Ri - R 3 = r ^ o R,R3 = =^ R3 = — = 8Q > R
khi h = 6A, P2 = 64,8W. Tim E , r. R,R3 ' ' ' 0,5
Bai giai I Vay: Phai mac R2 noi tiep R, va R2 = R3 - Ri = 8 - 0,5 = 7,5Q.
Hieu dien the' mach ngoai: U = E - r l .
314
Boi di/ong hpc sinhji6[_V§t ly 11. t j p 1 - Mguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Viet
10.8.a) K h i dien trd mach ngoai ciia mot nguon dien la R, hoac R2 thi cong su- j0,9-a) M ^ c h k i n gom acquy E = 2,2V cung ca'p dien nang cho dien trd mach
mach ngoiii CO ci:ing gia tri. Tinh H, r ciia nguon theo R i , R2 va cong sua't p ngoai R = 0,5Q. Hieu sua't cua acquy H = 65%. Tinh cudng do dong dien
b) Nguon dien tren c6 dien trd mach ngoai R. Khi mic them R, song song R „^ trong mach.
cong suat mach ngoai khong doi. Tinh R,. Khi dien trd mach ngoai thay do'i tir R| - 3Q de'n R: = 10,5Q ihl hieu sua't ciia
l i a i giai acquy tang ga'p d o i . Tinh dien trd trong cua acquy.
Baigiiii ^'^ a^'',:-;:>'i..-' :
a)TinhE,r '-•A^--.-:
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: ,« ' ^ ^) CiJ'c'ng do dong dien trong mach
i:- r2 r2
P = R l 2 = R . ^' 't Xa cd: H i e u sua't cua ac quy la: H = = — = 0,65
VR VR VR
V d i R, = R2 thi P , = P2 o
Vay: Cu'dng do dong dien trong mach la I - 2,86A. fr• /^î. • :.
b) Dien trd trong cua acquy
RI Ii R1E RI
Khi R = R, thi H , = - U - ^ i - i
E E ( R , + r) R, + r •'wc .::y:-': •
Khi R R2 tW H , = =^ . ^2 'Zu'
=> r = 7 R ; R ; va E=(^+-L.)VP=(7R;+7R7)7P , ^ Rj+r Hj Rj R ^ + r
r, ^R,
ol^.^±JL=2o^:^ = i « 2 1 + 7 r = 4 2 . 4 r = . r = 7Q.
Vay: E = (^+7R^)VP ; r= ./R^R^ . 3 10,5+ r 10,5+ r 7
b) Tinh R , Vay: D i e n trd trong cua acquy la r = 7 Q . AUt?
V i cong suat mach ngoai khong ddi nen tiT cau a, ta c6: 10.10. M o t dong c d dien mac vao nguon dien hieu dien the U khong do'i. Cuon
E^ ^ day ciia dpng c d cd dien trd R. K h i dpng cd hoat dpng, cu'dng dp dong dien
chay qua dpng cd la I .
a) Lap bieu thu'c tinh cong sua't hii'u ich cua dpng cd va sua't phan dien xuat hien
X
trong dpng cd.
R+R,
^) Tinh I de cong sua't hiJu ich dat ci/c dai. K h i nay, hieu sua't cua dpng cd la bao
^nhieu?
R R + R, RR, R R + R ^ R^ R " B a i giai
O RR^(R + R J = R R 2 + r^R + r^R^

^) Bieu thuTc tinh cong sua't hii'u ich cua dpng c d va sua't phan d i ^ n xua't hien
trong d6ng cd '
o R 2 R ^ = r 2 R + r2R^ o R , ( R ' - r ^ ) = r ^ R , v d i R > r => R^ = -. Cong sua't c6 ich cua dpng cd: P = U I - RI^. .^â'!, .
Sua't phan dien ciia dpng cd: U = E + R I => E = U - R I .
Tinh I de cong sua't hCTu ich dat ciTc dai ,
Vay.R, = j f ^ , v d i R > r .
R^-r^ U^R
Cong sua't c6 ich: P = RI^ = R.
316
BBi du9no hgc sinh giAi V$l ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu P6ng
U^R
Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi: (R + r)^ > 4Rr P < c6: PN = R l ' = R-
4Rr 4r (R + r ) ' (VR+-"=)' '
VR
U
Khi R r thi cong suat mach ngoai ciTc dai: P^^,^^ = => 1 = y-j E = const, r = const nen P N = PNCMUIX) khi R -r
4r R +r 2R
2 ^ = r = R, c> =2=^R2= ::l

Hieu suat cua dpng c&. H = = 0,5 = 50% .
R +r 2R 2 + R, +1
U R.
•'..u;yx.
Vay: De cong sua't hilu ich dat cifc dai thi I = — , luc do hieu suat cua dpng
16'
LliC do: Pwdnax) — - = 32W.
cd la H = 507o.
10.11. Nguon E = 16V, r = 2Q noi vdi mach ngoai gom Ri = 2Q va R2 mac song
song. Tinh R2 de: Vay: De cong sua't mach ngoai c\ic dai thi R 2 = 00 va Pwdnax) = 32W.
a) Cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai. d) De cong suat tieu thu tren Ri ciTc dai s"iH:r , ,i ' )
b) Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai. •If ^.-'i
c) Cong sua't mach ngoai ciTc dai. Taco: P , = R , I i =

d) Cong suat tieu thu tren R| ciTc dai.
2R. 2R2E
e) Cong sua't tieu thu tren R2 cifc dai. vdi U = RI = R.
R+r 2+R2 2 R 2 2 R , + r ( 2 + R 2 ) ' y*> 3n*'i"s^'->: •<>'^ '
Tinh cac cong sua't ci/c dai tren. +r
2+R,
B a i giai
R|R2 2R2 I 4/
Ta c6: Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua Ri va R2: R
2+R, _^1+R2,
2R,.16 'SR. 64R 2 32
P, =
a) De cong sua't cua nguon ci/c dai 2R2+2(2+R2) I+R2 R, 2(1+R2)^ ( , + J )2
R2
Ta c6: Cong sua't cua nguon: P = EI = E.-
R +r R +r => P i = Pl(max) khi R 2 = C O .
Vi E = const, r = const nen P = P„,ax khi R = 0 => R2 = 0. jj^jj, ...yrf)
Liicd6:P,(,™x,= ^ ^ = 3 2 W . *
16^ (1 + 1 ) 2 i . ?: 2 ;, . ..;.J^ri^.
Luc do: P„,;,x = = 128W.
0+2 00
Vay: De cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(niax) = 128W. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tren Ri cifc dai thi R 2 = <» va Pi(„,ax) = 32W.
b) De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon cufc dai ^) De cong sua't tieu thu tren R2 cifc dai
Ta c6: Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon: Php = rl^ = r- T&co: P 2 = R2I2 = — , v(3iU = R I = 7 - ^ (nhiTcaud).
(R+r)' R. 1+R.
Vi E = const, r = const nen Php = Php^nax) khi R = 0 => R2 = 0.
^8R ^
16^ T+R, 64R
Luc do: P,hp(niax) = 2.- = 128W. (for istiii 2 64
(0 + 2^ P2 = ^ — = ,
^2
R, (i+R2r
(\+RA^ (. 7f^.
^+ •1 ) '^2
Vay: De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(max) = 128W
V'^2
c) De cong sua't mach ngoai ciTc dai
318 11 319
BUI UUBng nui; mim yim ^^gi ly 11 mt) i - mguyen HHU uung Cty TNtiH MTV DWH K h ^ ^ , | M
De P2 = f2„„„, Ihl R: = 1 il (liV bfit dang tlu'fc Co-si). j j j j 3 . Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve, cac
64 •' E, r
Luc do: P2„n.u, = — = 1(,W. ^jgn trd thuan deu c6 gia trj bang R.
v..V. (l-V' , J Tim he thdrc hen he giffa R va r de cong
suS't tieu thu mach ngoai khong ddi khi
Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tien R^ circ dai thl R; = 1 Q va i\.,„,,,, - i6W. B
jC md va dong.
10.12. Nguon B = i 2V, r = 4il diMc dung de thap sang den 6V - (AV.
E = 24V. Tinh UAB khi: ,
a) ChOrng minh rhng den khong sang binh ihu'dng.
b) De den sang binh thiTdng, phai mac IhC'in vao mach mot dien tic) K^. Tinh ^ Kdong. ' ' >l -C3- i
va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^.
' B a i giai
Hai ^lai
3) He thilc lien he giOra R va r
V] 6'
Ta c6: + Dien trd cua den: R , = = — = 6Q Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P = RI^ = R-
6
dm
p ^
+ Cudng dp dong dien djnh muTc cua den: Ij^j^ = — ^ = — = i A . , KhiKmd:
a) ChiVng minh den khong sang binh thu'cJng R 2R 5
+ Dien trd tiTdng diTdng mach ngoai: R, = R+ R+2R
' = 3- R .
E 12 \9 =•
Ta c6: CuTdng dp dong dien qua den: I = = = 1,2A
Rj+r 6+4
+ Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P. =
Vi I > I,i,„ nen den khong sang binh thUdng.
b) Tinh Rx va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^
- Khi K dong: E,r
- Neu mac them R, noi tiep vdi den, de den sang binh thufdng tW:
+ Dien trd tu'dng dUdng mach ngoai: h-
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = Id,,,
1^
R.(R+~) , rCZh
= 0,6R R
= > R , = - ^ - ( R , + r ) = ^ - ( 6 + 4) = 2Q R 2,5
R+R+ -
2 R
+ Cong sua't tieu thu cua R,: Px = Rxl' = 2.1^ = 2W.
- Neu mac them R, song song vdi dea, de den sang binh thu'dng thi: Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P, =
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R^: = U,, = 6V.
E-U. 12-6
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach: I = = = 1,5A.
VlP, = P j « ( ^ ^ + ' f = ( ^ + ' f oR^ +ll+2r = R2+—+2r
r 4
+ Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua R^: I2 = I - Idm = 1,5 - J = 0,5A.
R, - R
U. 6 R, - R 2 = r^(-^^r^) o r^ = RjR^ = | R . 0 , 6 R = R^ => r = R.
+ DientrdRx:R = —^ = — = 12Q. R,R2
" K 0,5 p y : De cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai khong do'i khi K md va d6ng tW r = R.
+ Cong sua't ti6u thu tren R,: P^ = R = 12.0,5^ = 3W.
320
Bfii dLfflng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vist
- Khi K md: <^ 3R^+9,6R + 7,68-20R = 0 3R^ - 10,4R + 7,68 = 0
+ CiTcfng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I , = ^ = 2,4a R , . ( R , + 2) - - . ^ - 0 . . . ^

R,+r 5„ 16 (vdiR=^?— '-)
1 -R+r R=—a 2Rj+2 , , ,
+ Hieudienthe 2dau A B : =IIRAB

RI + 2R. ,
E R.2R E 2^ E 24 , Trudng hap 1: = 2,4 R^ - 2,8Rj - 4,8 = 0 R^ = 4Q
2R^+2
- R+r - R
LUC do: R = = 2,4Q ^ I = = . 5A
2.4 + 2 R+r 2,4 + 1,6
- Khi K dong:
+ Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - rl = 20 - 1,6.5 = 12V.
+ Cirdng do dong dien trong mach chinh: =
Rj+r 0,6R+r
+ Cir5ngd6 dongdienquaden 1: I . = — = — = 3 A
rE
+ Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - r ^ = E -
0,6R + r + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 1: P, = RÎ^ = 4.3^ = 36W. ;
rE + Cirdngdod6ngdienquaden2:l2 = I - I | = 5 - 3 = 2A.
E-
U 0,6R + r + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 2: P2 - = 4.2^ = 16W . 4 /
+ Cirdng do dong dien qua A B : =
R 1,5R
R + U 12
+ Hieu sua'tcua nguon: H = — = — =0,6 = 60%.
rE 24R E 20
E- 24-
R^+2R 16
+ Hieu dien the' 2 ddu A B : = I^R = = , ' / ^ = 6V. * Trudnii hap 2: ^ " = — « 1 5 R ^ - 2 R ^ - 3 2 = 0 => R^ = 1,53Q
1,5 1,5
Vay: Khi K md, UAB = 6V; khi K dong, UAB = 6V.

ûcdo: R = l ^ ^ = i ^ Q ^ I = ^ = - ^ = 7 , 5 A
10.14. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: 2.1,53+2 15 R+r 16 , ,
+ 1,6 ..O'f:.
E = 20V, r = 1,6Q, R, = Rj = IQ, 15
hai den giong nhau. Biet cong sua't + Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - rl = 2 0 - 1,6.7,5 = 8 V .
tieu thu d mach ngoai bang 60W.
Tinh cong sua't tieu thu cua moi + Cu'dng do dong dien qua den 1: Ij = — = — ^ = - ^ ^ A .
Rrf 1,53 153
den \h. hieu suat cua nguon. •
B a i giai + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 1: Pj = R ^ l f = 1 , 5 3 . ( Y ^ ) ^ = 4 1 , 8 3 W .
R..(Rd+Ri+R2) Rd-('^d+2)
+ Cirdng do dong dien qua den 2:12 = I - 1 , = 7,5 - =^ A.
- Dien tra ttTdng dtTdng mach ngoai: R= ^-.^-^^ = ~ ^ V ^
- Ci/cJng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I = + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 2: Pj = R ^ I ^ = 1,53.( — ) 2 = 7 , 8 9 W .
R+r
306
U 8
- Cong sua't tieu thu cl mach ngoai: P = RI^ = R + Hieu sua't cua nguon: H = — = — = 0,4 = 4 0 % .
(R+r)^ E 20 ,
<::^ 60 = ^-^"^ o (R^+ 3,2R + 2,56).60 = 400R

(R+1,6)^
• • , . . . 323
3i du8ng hgc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, tap 1 - Mguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi$t
10.15. Cho mach dien nhu" hlnh ve: cac den c6 1576
= 1576
4
•n r
CLing dien trd R, nguon c6 r = J ^ ^ - Cong
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai:
(h
E, r
suat tieu thu cua den 6 la 6W. (X) '(X)
Tinh cong suat tieu thu cua mach ngoai, i = UI= \ = 165P^ = 165.6 = 990W
R
cong suat va hieu suat cua nguon.
P P
Bai giai Cong sua't cua nguon: P' = E I = E.15^ = 1 5 ^ / 6 . - ^ = 15N/6.15V6 = 1350W
R
Ta c6: Mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhu'sau: ..CiKt.i:: tilt
Hieu sua't cua nguon: H = — = = 0,733 - 73,3% .
I ' • P 1350
MxWx>-(x Vay: Cong suat tieu thu mach ngoai la P = 900W; cong sua't cua nguon la P'
4
= 1350W; hieu suii't cua nguon la H = 73,3%.
10.16. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve,
I4
E = 9V, r = IQ, bien trd M N c6
-(x>
dien trd toan phan R = lOQ, dien A
E, r
trdR, = IQ, RA = 0,Rvra'tldn.
a) p i C d chinh gii?a bien trd, tinh so chi
tren v6n-ke va ampe ke.
- Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 6: = Rr^ => - \
b) Dinh vi tri C de cong sua't tieu thu trong toan bien trd la Idn nhat. Tinh cong
sua't nay.
- Hieu dien the 2 dau C D : Uco = ISR^T = j^'^R = S^/RPS • liai giiii
Dien trd tu'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 4: = = — - = 3 j - ^.
R. R R
x + 10-x 10
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 2: I 2 = I4+I5 =^^^"^^^ "^J'jf ' Cirdng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I =
R+r
- Hieu dien the 2 dau AB: So chi cua von ke' va ampe ke': Khi C d chinh giiJa:
UAB = I2R23450 = 4 ^ ^ . ( 2 R + ^ ^ - ^ 10 2,5 + 2
^ U A N = I R I = 2.1 = 2 V ; U N H = 1 R = 2.2,5 = 5 V . '

UAR P,
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 1: Ij = = 1 \J~^- | S o chi cua von ke la: UAM = UAH = UAN + UNB = 2 + 5 = 7V. ^
R V R ^ '
11,'-^+4, I So chi cua ampe ke la: I , = = - = iA . ' '
1 = 1,+I2 = \ \
Hy: Von ke'chi 7V va ampe ke chi I A. •' '
E E E E
Ma 1= ' tri C de cong sua't tieu thu trong toan bie'n trd la Idn nha't
R +r 2,75R.R 11 4 „ "R
R.r i ' R+~-R 'Ta c6: Cong sua't tieu thu tren bien trd:
2;75R + R 15 15 15
325
324
B6\g hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, t5p 1 - IMguygn Phil D6ng
RE
p = Rr = (R+r)^
P = R'I^ =
i ^ ^ ' f (Ti^-f)^
VR' VR VR VR
^ P = P,„,„ c> R' = R , + r = 1 + I= 2Q. Vi E = const, r = const nen P = Pn,ax khi R = r.
va P = 10,125W hay R , + 22.8
+!
= 4 =:> R = 2,4^ .
'max
11 I.
Vay: De cong toa nhiet d mach ngoai Idn nha't thi R^ = 2,4 Q. '
^) So chi cua ampe ke
Luc do: R' = =2 o - lOx + 20 = 0 = > x, = 7,24Q; X2 = 2,76Q, Dien trd tu'cfng dUdng mach ADB: :
Vay: Vi iri cua C de cong sua't tren bien trd Idn nha't la
xi = 7,24Q hoac X2 = 2,76Q va P,„„ = 10,125W. R = At +R = 58,4 = 60i^
10.17.a)Neu Ian lu'dt mac dien trd R| = 2Q va R2 = 8 Q vao mot nguon dien mot ÂDB R^+R^ 3 2 + 8
chieu CO suat dien dong E va dien trd trong r thi cong suaft toa nhiet tren cac
Dign trd tu"dng dU'dng mach ngoai:
dien trd la nhiT nhau. Hay tinh dien trd trong cua nguon.
b) Ngu'di ta mac song song Ri va R2 roi P,R= ^ ^ - ^ A D B , 60.60 ^ 3 Q ^
D
mac no'i tiep chung vdi dien trd R^
de tao thanh mach ngoai cua nguon
X ± R3 R,
• R4+RADB
Cifdng
Cifdng do
dp dong
dong dien
60 + 60
dien qua
qua mach
ampe chinh:
ke: U =I I=- RIi-+ r 30 +
68
4
= 2A,
dien tren. Hoi R^ bang bao nhieu thi
A
E, r
X => UAB = E - rl = 6 8 - 4.2 = 6 0 V
cong suat toa nhiet d mach ngoai la
Idn nha't? Cirdng do dong dien qua R3: I3 = = 7^ = •
c) Bay gid ta lai ma'c nguon dien tren va Ri, R2 vao mach dien nhiT hinh ve, RAB 60
Trong do R3 = 38,4Q, R4 = 60Q, ampe ke A c6 dien trd khong ddng ke. Hoi Hieudienthe'2dauR,: U, = I3R12 = 1.1,6= 1,6V.
ampe ke' chi bao nhieu, bie't rhng suat dien dong cua nguon dien E = 68V.
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ri: I, = — = -^^^ = 0 , 8 A . ^ 'if.
a) Dien trd trong cua nguon So chi cua ampe ke: IA = I - Ii = 2 R,

- 0,8 =21,2A.
- Vi cong suat toa nhiet tren cac dien trd la nhu" nhau nen: P | = P2. Vay: Ampe ke chi 1,2A. i
Hai acquy (E, r,), (E, fz). Cong suat mach ngoai cifc dai cua moi acquy la
« R, E^ o R , ( R 2 +2R2r + r^) = R2(Rf +2R,r + r^) 20W va 30W. Tinh cong sua't mach ngoai cifc dai cua bp hai acquy:
2
(R,+r)^ (R^+r)^ Noi tiep. b) Song song.
o r^ =RiR2 =^ r = JR,R2 = VZ8 = 4 i l . , Baigiai
Vay: Dien trd trong cua nguon la r = 4 Q. Ta c6: Cong sua't mach ngoai cua ac quy: P = R
b) Gia tri R^, de cong suat toa nhiet d mach ngoai \h Idn nha't
R,R
Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach ngoai: R = R^ + ,1x2
R,+R2
MS = VR + 4 = ^ 2Vi^ => MS„,i„ khi R = r va P,„,, =
Cong sua't toa nhiet d mach ngoii: VR
BOi du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
'max 4 '1r = 20W; P,Snax 4r

^'2
= 30W .
a) Tri/dng hdp 2 acquy m^c no'i tiep: Khi 2 acquy m^c noi tiep:
1^ ^ 1,2R^-102R,+480 = 0
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
150.80
20 + 80
R, = 80i^ => U , =150.5 = 120V
= 30V
Eb = 2E; Fb = r i + r2 nen: . " Vay: Hieu dien the djnh mu'c cua den la 120V hoac 30V.
p (2E)^ ^ 4E^ ^ 4 ^ 4 j,) Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
4(r,+r2) 4(r,+r2) 4r, 4r2 1 Vdi den c6 U, = 120V; R,, = 80Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: Ij = 180 = 1,5A.
U 120
""^ 20 + 30 + Cu'dng do dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = lb = 2.1,5 = 3A.
b) TriTdng hcJp 2 acquy mac song song: Khi 2 acquy mac song song: ; E = ,3 0 150
o 1= =3 R,=8Q.
F
bb -- bF, Fb
r =- '•''•2
nen: R, + -^-'^+r Rb+40 + 2
" 2
(E)' E'(r,+ r,) E^ , Vdi den c6 U, = 30V; Rd = 5Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
P
ii\ax 4( ^'^2 4r,r2
— + — = P, + P, = 20 + 30 = SOW P 180
) 4r, 4r.,
+ CiTdng do dong dien qua den: I . = - - = ——= oA
Vay: Khi 2 acquy mac noi tiep thi P,„ax = 48W; khi 2 acquy mac song song thi
j+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua bien trd:150
I = lb = 2.6 = 12A. , 0 !(i (,.< [ • ^
P,„„x = 50W. o 1= = 12 = 12 =>Rb = 8 ^
Mach dien gom mot nguon E = i50V, r = 2Q, mot den D c6 cong suat R. R^+2,5 + 2
10.19. Rh + + r
dinh miJc P = 1 SOW va mot bien trd Rb mac noi tiep nhau. Vay: De 2 den
a) Khi Rb = i8Q thl den sang binh thu^dng. Tim hieu dien the dinh muTc cua den. ^ sang
2 binh thiTdng thi Rb = 8Q., aph " s i j i^tfnrdniT
c) So nguon toi da c6 the th^p sang
b) Mac song song vdi den D mot den giong no. Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
c) Vdti nguon tren, c6 the thap sang toi da bao nhieu den giong nhifD. Hieu suai - Vdi loai den c6 = 120V; Rd = 80fi: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the thap sang
cua nguon l<.hi do la bao nhieu? binh thu'dng. VI cac den sang binh thudng nen: j |
Bai giai ' T P 180 , ^ . A.
+ Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi den: ~ "[J ~ ~ ' X
a) Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den + Cu'dng dp dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = nid = 1,5n. , 1 i -
Cudng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
1 =
E ]50 150 o 1= = l,5n o E = l,5nRb+ l,5Rd+ l,5nr
..pi.)
R,+ R,+ r i8 + 2 + Rj Ô + Rj ft60 KMii v m n >«.':>
E-1,5R,
Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den: Uî - lR,i = 20+ R, => n = l,5(Rb+r) => n = ni„ax khi Rb = 0.
P 180
Matkhac: U . = - = — . ( 2 0 + R . ) = 1.2(20 + R . ) ' 150-1.5.80 = 0,8 = 80%
I 150 '
1,5.2
« 150Rj = 1,2(20+ R J ^ o 150R. =480 + 48R,+ 1,2R^ Vay: So'den to'i da loai Ud= 120V; Rd = 80Q la 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc
36 la H = 80%. ; = io<ai„,=>H=Hi =i l|
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328
- Vdi loai den c6 Va = 30V; R,, = 5Q: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the th^lp Iiay (3) vao (1): U, + 2U| = E - Ir
binh thiTdng. V i cac den sang binh thir&ng nen: ^ ,3U, = E - I r (4)
P 180 ^£f(3),tac6:2U, = E - r r (5)
-, •! + CiTdng do dong dien qua moi den: •'d ~ " j j ~ ~ • jâtkhac: I = l 3 = I i + I2 = 2I, (6)
+ Ci/cfng do dong dien qua bien trd: I = nl,, = 6n. ^
I ' = l3 + I> = l 3 + y = (7)
E 1' \
» 1= = 6n o E = 6nRb + 6R n = n = n,„„x khi Rb - 0. 2U, + - I , r = E = 30 :)''''>^:'û
6(Rh+r) 2U.=E-^.r
U, = 6 V v a l 3 r = 12V W ,^f'
va n„.„, = 119:^ = 10 (den) => H = - = — = 0,2 = 20%
6.2 E 150 -:Û2 = U , = 6 V ; U 3 = 2U, = 12V.
Vay: So den toi da loai U<, = 30V; R j = 5 f i l a 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc E)e' biet mic theo each nao idi hdn, ta duâ vao hieu suat cua tiTng each m^c.
do la H = 20%.
10.20. Nguon E = 30V, dien trd trong r dung de th^p sang dong thcJi hai den D,,
D2 giong nhau va den D 3 . De ca 3 den sdng binh thiTcJng, c6 the m^c: Vay: Hieu dien the dinh mCire cua moi den la U, = U2 = 6V, U 3 = 12V va each
- (D,//D2)ntD3. mSe thiir 1 (hinh a) Idi hdn. _
- (DintD2)//D3. b) Cdc gia tri djnh muTc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon
a) Tinh hieu dien the' dinh mifc moi den. Cho biet each mic nao c6 Idi hdn. P _ 6 0 ^ . _ rT _ I
mu each 1 c6 P = 60W thi I = - = ^ = 2A ^ I3 = 2A, I , = I2 = ^ = 1 A.
b) Mot trong hai each ma'e tren, eong suat cua nguon la P = 60W. Tinh eac gia E ~ 30
E 30 • ^
tri djnh miJc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon. . P, = U i l , = 6.1 = 6W D,: 6V - 6W.
Bai giai P2 = U2I2 = 6.1 = 6W =^ D2: 6V - 6W.
I'l
P3 = U 3 l 3 = 12.2 = 2 4 W = ^ D 3 : 1 2 V - 2 4 Wr. ' '< ^ ^'
Theo (8):l3r= \2 => r = ^-^ = ^-^ = 6^.
P 60 '
~ Ne'ucaeh2e6P = 60Wthi I ' = - = — = 2 A
r E 30
E,r
Hinha Hinhb
Theo (7): I ' = l l , =013 = | l ' = f = => I , = I3 = I ' - 1 3 = 2 - | = f A .
a) Hieu dien the' djnh mile moi den
Gpi U , , U2, U 3 la hieu dien the dinh miife eiia cdc den; I , , I2, I3 la ddng die"
f = > Pi = U , I , = 6 . | = 4 W r > D , : 6 V - 4 W v a D 2 : 6 V - 4 W . ,
dinh mtfc cua cde den.
- Tif each miCc 1 suy ra: U | = U2; tiJeach m^c 2 suy ra: 1] = I2. P3 = U3I3 = 1 2 . - = 16W => D 3 : 12V - 16W va r = ^ = Y = 9".
- V i cac d^n sang binh thi/dng nen ta c6: --s 3 ^3 2
+ Hinha:U,+ U3 = E - I r (1)
U Hinhb: U , + U 2 = U 3 = E - I r (2) Vay: Vdi each m^c 1 thi D „ D2: 6V-6W, D 3 : 12V-24W, r = 6 Q ; vdi cdch
- Tir (2) suy ra: 2U, = U3 = E - I'r (3) m^c 2 thi D „ D2: 6V-4W, D 3 : 12V-16W, r = 9 Q .
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330
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguyin Phil D6ng
10.21. Nguon E = 24V, r = 2Q dung de thap sang dong thdi ba den: Di(6V-3W)
D2(6V-6W), D3(6V-9W). Cac den sang binh thiTdng nhcJ m^c them mot die^
trd R vao mach. B R
A
a) Ve ta't ca cac scf do c6 the c6 va tinh R trong moi sd do. •
D2 R
b) Sd do nao CO hieu suat Idn nhat? Tinh hieu suat nay. î t
a) Cac sd do ;.i6V (D otv ^ ^
E,r E,r
Ta c6: 1,.,,,, = = | = 0,5A;
Ki) I,) Tinh hieu sua't
Hinh c Hinhd
T _ ^2diii _ 6 _ , . . 1, B R
mm - — 2dm - — - i^,
D Ta c6: Hieu suat: H = — , trong do: U la hieu dien the giOra hai cifc cua nguon.
P3
o
l3d„.= ; ? ^ = 7 = l,5A. V1 E = 24V = const nen H = H„„x khi U = Un^x-
Vi
0 U, + U , + UR 6 + 6+1,5.6 _
I Cach 3 CO hieu suat Idn nhat la: H = g = — = 0,875
=>
E,r
U i d m = Uadm = Uadii, = 6V. Chu y: Vdi each tinh tren thi ta xem cong cua dong dien san ra d mach ngoai la
Hinh a
Cach 1 (hinh a): [(D, // D 2 // D,) nt R]. Hldng CO ich, tiJc la bao ham ca cong san ra tren dien trd R. Neu chi xem cong
•.rtofl is (Ifsfrf; I i ' .
Ta c6: I = I , + I . + I3 = 0,5 + 1 + 1,5 = 3A. D,
san ra tren cac bong den la c6 ich thi:
UAB = E - I(R + r) 6 = 24 - 3(R + 2) •P^ .V, ,,. E 24
=>R = 4Q. r mi. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 28V, r = 2Q, den D,: 6V-3W, den D2:
Cach 2 (hinh b): [(D, // D 2 // D3) // R]. 12V-12W,denD3: I2V-3W,Rbla bientrd. .,
Ta c6: UAB - Ir 6 = 24 -1-2 P3
= E a) Co the dieu chinh bie'n trd de ba
4-
I = 9A. den sang binh thiTdng khong? Vi
IR = I - ( I , + 12 + 13) = 9 - 3 = 6A sao? '•-••••v;::'':,}M
R
^) Ma'c them R| vao mach. Tim gia 1
[ -B
tri Rb, vi tri va gia tri Ri de cdc " ^
R„
' , i.^ ,^.,„A?>. den sang binh thi/dng. ;
Hinh b
c) Ba den va dien trd R2 c6 the mac theo cdch khac vao AB de cac den sang
Cach 3 (hinh c): [(D, // D 2 ) nt D 3 nt R ] .
binh thudng. Tun Rb, vi tri va gia tri R2. So sanh hieu suaft ciia hai each mic.
Ta c6: 1 = 13= 1,5A; UAB = U , + U3 = 6 + 6 = 12V.
B a i giai
Mat khac: UAB = E - I ( R + r) D,
=> 12 = 24 - 1,5(R + 2) =^ R = 6Q. ^) Ba den c6 the sang binh thi/dng khong?
Cach 4 (hinh d): ([(D, // D 2 ) nt D3] // R } . Taco: I , = - = 0 , 5 A ; l 2 = — = l A ;

Ta c6: UAB = U , + U3 = 6 + 6 = 12V. 6 12
Mat khac: UAB = E - Ir o 12 = 24 - 1 . 2 I = 6A. I , = — = 0,25A. '

Rb
IR = I - I 3 = 6 - 1,5 = 4,5A: mTheo sd do 12thi I , = h + h- E,r
I 4,5 3
33
332
B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Mguyen Pliu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Klijiig Viet
Theo gia t n dinh miJc thi I i I 2 + I 3 .

V a y : Khong c6 gia trj nao cua Rb de ca ba den sang binh thiTdng.
b) Gia trj R b , vj t r i va gia tri R i de cac den sang binii thiTdng
V i : I2 + I3 = 1,25 > I i = 0,5 => R , diTdc mSc song song vdi D , .
Ta c6: I = l2 + l 3 = 1,25 I, + = 1,25 => Ij^ = 1,25 - 0,5 = 0,75A m ^
U, 6
^ R, = = 8^
I, 0,75
va U A B = U , + U2 = 6 + 1 2 = 18V. 1—' Mat khde: P„ = U I = ( E - I r ) I = (48 - 31)1 = 481 - 3 l ' (2)

R, , T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) : 3 I ^ - 4 8 I + 3N = 0 » I ^ - 1 6 I + N = 0 (3)
M a t khac: UAB = E - I ( R b + r)
i va I = mid = 0,5m (4)
28-18
-2 =6Q
4- 11 — 1 f - Thay (4) vao (3) ta diTdc: (0,5m)^ - 16.0,5m + mn = 0
-r =
I 1,25 E,r Rb
o m(0,25m - 8 + n) = 0 o 0,25m - 8 + n = 0
\ . 1<
V a y : De cac den sang binh thiTdng thi Rb = 6Q; R , phai mac song song vdi D,
o m = 32-4n (*)
va R i = 8Q.
1 2 3 4
c) T i m R b , vj t r i va gia t n R2 de cac den sang binh thiTdng
m 28 24 20 16 12
- Ta thay: U i < U2 = U 3 va I2 I | + I3 nen chi c6 each mac duy nhaft de ca ba
- TCf bang ta tren tha'y c6 ta't ca 7 each mac va each mac gom 16 nhanh, m o i
den sang binh thiTdng la [ ( D , nt R2) // D2 // D 3 ] .
K h i d 6 : I = I , + I2 +13 = 1,75A; UAB = U2 = 12V. A nhanh 4 bong la c6 tdng so den nhieu nhat (64 bong).
Chu y : N e u chi can t i m so bong den nhieu nha't thi tiT phu-dng trinh (3):
Ma UAB = E - I ( R b + r )
I^ - 161 + N = 0 ta t i m d i e u k i e n nghiem: A > 0 o 8 ^ - N > 0 = > N < 6 4
28-18
-2 =7,14Q => N,„„x = 64 bong va I = 8A.
I 1,75
I 8 N 64
- M a t khac: = U o +U Ma I = ml,, => m = — = 16 (nhanh); n = — = - — = 4 (bong).
AB '1
B3
0,5 m 16
=>U^2 = U A B - U . = 12-6 = 6V
~ Cach mdc c6 cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon nho nhat?
+ Cong sua't t i e u hao trong nguon:
= \2Q. E,r N2 _ n nc^2
P = I^r c:> P = ( 0 , 5 m ) l 3 = 0.75m^ <=> m„„„
I, 0,5
+ T i r bang tren ta thay k h i ' i ! ..,„„„ = 4 thi n = 7.
V a y : De cac den sang binh thuTdng thi Rb = 7,14Q; R2 phai mac noi tiep v4
V a y : Cach mac g o m 4 day, m o i day 7 bong se c6 cong suat tieu hao trong
vaR2= 12Q.
nguon nho nha't: P,„i„ = 0,75.4^ = 12W.
10.23. Nguon E = 48V, r = 3 Q diTdc diing de thap sang binh thiTcJng cac de"
y : D e t i m mn,in ta cung c6 the bilt dau tif bieu thuTc (*): m = 32 - 4n.
giong nhau, tren m o i d6n c6 ghi 6 V - 3 W . H o i c6 bao nhieu each mac deC'
Eîû k i e n : m > 0 => 32 - 4n > 0 n < 7 (ne N * )
Cach m^c nao c6 so den nhieu nha't? Cach m^c nao c6 cong suat tieu ha"
=> m = m,„i„ (Jng v d i n,„ax = 7 => m = 32 - 4.7 = 4.
trong nguon nho nha't? T i n h gia tri nho nhat nay.
^'••24. N g u o n E = 36V, r = 4n diTdc dung de th^p sang 36 den giong nhau, mo
B a i giai
d6n3V-3W.
G o i N la tong so bong den; m la so' day; n la so bong tren m o i day.
Co bao nhieu each mKc de cong sua't tieu thu m o i den b i n g nhau?
Ta c6: mn = N (m,n € N ' )
^ i m each mic de cac den sang binh thU'dng.
- Cong suat mach ngoai: P „ = N P ^ = 3 N (1) (Pa. cong suat cua 1 den)
w
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Kha
B6i duSng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
... R,
c) T i m each mac de eong suaft tieu thu m o i den Ictn nhat. T i n h cong suat Ig (R^n + mn),„i„ khi Ron = mr => — =
n r (1)
nhaft nay va hieu sua't nguon i<hi do. '
B a i giai jvlat khac: mn = 36 (2)
a) So' each m^c de cong suat tieu thu m o i den bang nhau T t f ( l ) v a (2): n-6
Ta c6: Cong suat tieu thu ciia den: P = I^RD. 'R,
V i cac den gio'ng nhau nen de cong suat tieu thu m o i den bang nhau thi do
Vdir = 4,rD=3=> n = 6 J - * 6,9gN.
dien qua m o i den phai bang nhau.
- X e t trUdng hcJp cac den du'dc mê theo k i e u hon hdp do'i xiJng: G o i m la VI tri/dng hdp nay n khong phai la so' nguyen, nen ta chpn n nguyen Ian can
day, n la so bong tren m o i day, v d i : mn = 36 (m, n e N * ) gia tri 6,9 thoa man: mn = 36 n = 6 va m = 6.
3 12 18 36 36
Khi do: = = - A ^ P = ( - ) - . 3 = 2,204W .•Sir;
m 36 1 8 1 2 9 6 4 3 2 1 3.6 + 6.4 7 7
Tir bang tren ta tha'y c6 tat ca 9 each mac: (n = 1; m = 36); (n = 2; m = \gy V , X, U , Ir , , , 6 36 .
(n = 3; m = 12); (n = 4; m = 9); (n = 6; m = 6); (n = 9; m = 4); (n = 12; m = 3); jUeu suat cua nguon: H = — = 1 , vdi I = mid = 6. - = — A .
E E 7 7
( n = 1 8 ; m = 2 ) ; ( n = 3 6 ; m = 1).
36
Vay: Co 9 each mac cac den de cong suat tieu thu tren m o i den bang nhau. 1 • =_ 0,4286 = 42,86%
H= 1-
b) Cach mac de cac den sang binh thu'dng 36
- De den sang binh thu'dng thi dong dien qua m o i den phai bang dong dien Vay: Caeh' mac de cong suat tieu thu m o i den Idn nhat la mac 36 nguon
dinh mtfc Id,,, = l A . thanh 6 day, m o i day 6 den; cong suat Idn nhat la P„,ax - 2,204W va hieu sua't
Ta eo: Cong suat eiia mach ngoai: P„ = 36?,, = 36.3 = 108W. nguon khi do la H = 42,86%.
Mat khac: P„ = U I = ( E - I.r)I = (36 - 41)1 = 361 - 4f 10.25. Nguon dien E = 12V, r = 2Q. M a c h ngoai la cac den loai 3 V - 3 W mac hon
o 361 - 41^ = 108 o - 91 + 27 = 0 tap. Xac dinh so den va each mac den de chiing sang binh thu'dng.
- V I phi/dng trinh tren v6 nghiem nen khong c6 each mac nao de den sdng binh Bai îai
thirdng. Goi m la so'day, n la so'bong tren m o i day, tdng so'bong den la: ^ '
e) Caeh mac de cong suat tieu thu m o i den Idn nhat N = mn (m, n e N*)
- Cong suat tieu thu cua m o i den: P = I j R j . ~ Cong sua't mach ngoai: P„ = NPd = 3 N = 3mn (1) rt .
V i R, = const nen P = P,™, khi I,, ' ' ' ~ Mat khac: P„ = UnI = ( E - I r ) I = ( 1 2 - 2 1 ) 1 = 121-21^ (2)
T i r ( l ) va (2): 3mn = 121-21^ (3) ,wr.„„
- Ta c6: I . = — (I la dong dien qua mach chinh, la dong dien qua m o i den)
Ma: I = mld = m ^j,^^^. (4)
m
Thay (4) vao (3) ta diTdc:
M a t khac: 1 = , ( R w = ^ ) 12-3n
m ^'Tin= 1 2 m - 2 m ^ < = > 2 m = 1 2 - 3 n m =
E E
n 1 2 3
m
+ r
R^n + mr
Suy ra: Id,„ax k h i (Ron + mn),„in.

I m 4,5 3 1,5
y: So den la 6; each mac: 3 day, m o i day 2 den.
Nguon E = 24V, r = 1,5^ di/de dung de thap sdng binh thi/dng 12 den 3 V -
- Tir ba't dang thiJc C o - s i , t a c o : R ^ n + mr > ^ R ^ n .mr cimg v d i 6 den 6 V - 6 W .
337
336
uui UUlJIiy'lUJL biiiii giui u<ji ly r i , L<l^J i - niguygii rMu-pprrg- Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQ'
a) T i m each mSc den. 18 18m 18m 3m

=> 1 =
b) Tinh cong sua'l va hieu sua't cua nguon. 6m+3n 6m^+3mn 6m-+3.12 m^+6
B a i giai
a) Cach mKc den
V i 6 den 6 V - 6 W tiTdng di/dng vdi 12 den 3 V - 3 W nen coi nhu" c6 tat ca 2 [Cong sua't tieu thu tren R: P = RI^ = 6.( f = 6.
m^+6 6
den3V-3W. ^ m +—
m )
Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day (mn = 24).
- Cong suat mach ngoai: Pn = 24.3 = 72W (1) De P = Pn,.x thi (m+ —) . m = —
m m
- M a t khac: ?„ = U I = (E - Ir)I = (24-1,51)1 = 241-1,51^ (2)
, V I m nguyen nen: m = 2 = > n = 6 ; m = 3 = > n = 4.
; o 1,5I^-24I + 72 = 0 = > I = 1 2 A h o a c I = 4A. » i^r*
+ V d i m = 2 = ^ P , „ „ = 2,16W.
" l 2 = m.l
- M a : I = mld O m = 12; m = 4. + V d i m = 3=^P,„ax = 2,16W.
4 = m.l
Vay: D e cong sua't tieu thu tren R c\ic dai thi phai mac nguon thanh 2 hoac 3
24 day va P„,„ = 2,16W.
* V d i m = 12 day n= = 2 bong: Tru'dng hdp nay chi c6 1 each mac duy
j p C a c h mac de cong sua't tieu hao ciia moi nguon nho nha't
nhat la tren moi day chi c6 1 bong 6 V - 6 W hoac 2 bong 3 V - 3 W . _ Cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon: ..nhugo Bl*
24
* V d i m = 4 day n= bong: Tru'dng hcfp nay tfng vdi 5 each m^c (bang
= 3 ( - ^ ) ^ P' = P„. khi ( m ' + 6)„,„,
m
each hoan vi giOra cac bong loai 3V - 3W va 6V - 6W).
Vay: Co tat ca 6 each mac de cac den tren sang binh thi/Sng. Ma mn = 12 = 0 m,„,,x = 12 va n„,in = 1-
b) Cong sua't va hieu suat cua nguon Vay: D e cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't thi phai m^c nguon
thanh 12 day va: ; j jj
- V d i m = 1 2 = > P = E I = 24.12 = 288W va H = - = — = 0 , 2 5 = 2 5 % .
E 24 P,nin =3.( ' f = 1,2.10'-^W = 0,0012W
12^+6
- V d i m = 4 ^ P = E I = 24.4 = 96W va H = - = — = 0,75 = 7 5 % .
10.28. Cac nguon giong nhau, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 1,5Q mic thanh bo doi
E 24
^xu-ng thap sang binh thUdng den 12V - 18W.
Vay: Cong sua't va hieu sua't ciia nguon la 288W; 25% hoSc 96W; 75%.
1m each mdc nguon.
10.27. Co 12 nguon, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 3Q. Cac nguon m^c thanh bo
^) Cach mac nao c6 so nguon it nha't. Tinh cong sua't va hieu sua't moi nguon luc
nguon doi xiirng roi noi vdi dien trd R = 6Q.
ido.
a) T i m each mdc nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't. Tinh cong sua'l XA)
b) T i m each mdc de cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't. Tinh cong suat n ' ' ' B a i giai
B a i giai Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day (m, n e N * ) .
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 12. l,5n
va Eb = nEo= l , 5 n ; r b = =
- c 1 c nr^ 3n m m
• va Eb = nEo = 1,5n; tb = — = — .
m m
12^
a) Cdch in^c nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't ^ B i e n trd cua den: Ra = = — = 8Q.
8
E. in _ 1,5nm
'~ Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach c'.inh: I =
R + r, 3n ~ 6m + 3n Cirdng do dong dien dinh mufc cua den: Id = = ^ = 1,5A
6 +
m
338 339
B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu S6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
a) Cach m^c nguon

90"
^ Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P = RI" =
Ta c6: Eb = Ud + Ifb <=> l , 5 n = 1 2 + 1 , 5 . — i , 5 n . ( l - — ) = 12
m it
3 24
]f. 0.{2 )+ - ^ . Xi , if ,
pe P = Pnmx thi (m+ — ) „,in <=> m = 6 (diTa vao bat dang thOfc C o - s i ) .
2-1 2-1
90'
'.< m M m Luc do: n = l O v a P = P,,,,,^ = = 56,25W. lUu Vi)b
V i m , n la so nguyen dUdng nen (2m - 3) la iTdc cua 24, m ^ (2m - 3) la so

6
m = 2 n = 32
nen (2m - 3) c6 the bhng 1 hoac 3: o Vay: K h i cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai Idn nha't thi m = 6; n = 10 va P,„„ =
m = 3 n=16
56,25W.
V a y : De den sang binh thu'dng, ta can 64 nguon mac thanh 2 day hoac 48
90
nguon mac thanh 3 day. M Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: P = —— .
b) Cach mic c6 so' nguon it nhat , 36 ^2
(m+^ r
- Theo cau a) thi each mac thanh 3 day, moi day 16 nguon la each c6 so nguon
90 m
36
it nhat: 48 nguon. - ' • ' • • '' De P > 36W o > 36 <=> m + — < 15
36,2 m
(m+' )
- Cong suat cua m o i nguon: P = E j , . ^ = 1 , 5 . ^ = 0,75 W. m
o m ^ - 1 5 m + 36 < 0 =>3 < m < 12.
P' ' ^ 0 ^ r I 15 15 * m 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- H i e u suat ciia nguon: H = — = — ^ = - 5 - = l j ± l r i = o,5 = 5 0 % . 60 15 20 60
P P I 3Eo 3.1,5 n 20 15 12 10 6 5
7 2 3 11
^"-3
Vay: De P > 36W thi m = 3. 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 va n = 20, 15, 12, 10, 6, 5: 6
V a y : Cong suat va hieu sua't cua moi nguon urng v d i each m i c c6 so' nguon it
t r u i n g hdp. • (..^frf ubiHi ffis a*.'
nhat la 0,75W va 507o.
IfiM. Co mot so nguon, moi nguon e = 4.5V, r = 3Q.
10.29. Co N = 60 nguon dien giong nhau, moi nguon E = 1,5V, r = 0,6Q ghep
a) Phai mdc noi tiep bao nhieu nguon de lha'p sang binh thudng hai den loai
thanh bp gom m day song song, moi day n nguon noi tiep. M a c h ngoai la
120V-60W iTicIc song song.
dien trd R=\Q. Tinh m, n de:
b) Dung 60 nguon tren mac thanh bp, mach ngoai la day dan p = 1,26.10 'Qm,
a) Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai Idn nha't. Tinh cong sua't nay.
/ = 2m, S = 0 , ! m m l r i m sd do mac nguon de dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1 A .
b) Cong suat tieu thu mach ngoai khong nho hdn 36W.
B a i glai Hiii îui
G o i m la so day, n 1^ so' nguon tren moi day: mn = 60 (m, n e N*). ^) So nguon can mac noi tiep de thdp sang binh thqdng hai den loai 120V-60W
va Eb = nE = l,5n; Fb = — = .
mile song song
m m • m ,„, , d p i n la so' nguon can mac noi tiep, ta c6: Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb = nr = 3n.
Ci/cJng dp d6ng dien qua mach chinh:
Cu-dng do dong dien qua den: I = =r — = 0,5 A .
1= ^ l,5n ^ l,5mn ^ 90 _ 90m _ 90_
Uj,„ 120 dnulûu
R + r, j ^ O ^ m + 0,6n^ " ^ , 0.6.60 " m ^ + 3 6 " ^ ,
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 = 2I.t = 2.0,5 = 1 A . , •
m m m
Hieu dien the 2 dau cua den: U , = Eb - fbl o l 2 0 = 4,5n - 3n = l,5n => n = 80
341
Bfii du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Vay: Can 80 nguon mac noi liep de thap sang binh thU'dng hai den tren.bjs^ Vi T i la so' nguyen nen (6n - 4) phai la vide so' cua 4 n = 1 va m = 3.
do mac nguon de dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1A Yay: Co 3 nguon mac noi liepnhau. ^ , ,, , . , ,
Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 60 (m, n s N*). Q32- BO nguon gom m day, moi day 5 acquy loai 2V-0,8Q. Mach ngoai la
nr 3n l,6ng den 2V-25W va dien trd R mSc song song.
va Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb =
m m f i m gia tri nho nhat cua m va gia trj R tirdng uTng de den sang binh thiTdng.
Bai îai
Dien trcTcua day dan: R = p -!_ = 1,26.10"^.
S 0,1.10 -6 5.0,8 4
Tac6:Eb = 5.2= 10V;rb:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua day dan: m m
270 p 25 VW^*^
4,5n 4,5m.n Ci/cJng do d5ng dien qua den: Iî = — — = — = 12,5 A. ,
R + r^ 25 2 + ' ^ " 25,2m+ 3n 25,2m + 3n
m U2 ^2
270 270m Dien trd cua den: R,, - -f^- = — = 0,16Q . ri ,

o 1=
25,2mf3.^° 25,2m^l80
m Cu'dng dp dong dien qua dien trd R: IR = = —.
R R
De dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1 A: I = >| 2
25,2m2 + 180 Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = III + IR = 12,5+ —. ' (;,
<=> 25,2m--270m+180<0 =:-0,714<m< 10. R
Hieu dien the hai dau cua nguon: IJ = U,i = Eb-rbl. ,,,
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
o 2 - 10-—.(12,5 + - ) o 2m = 12,5+-
60 60 60 m R R
n 60 30 20 15 12 10
7 8 9 2
Vay: De I > 1A liii m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; n = 60, 30, 20, 15, 12, 10: c6 6 cachTmac VI m nguyen nen (12,5 + —) phai chia het cho 2. Vdi m nho nhat thl
10.31, Can to'i thieu bao nhieu nguon 6V-1Q de mac thanh bo va tha'p sang binh
R
thu-dng bong den 6V-24W. Neu each ma'c bo nguon nay.
Bai giui (12,5 + - | ) nho nhat: 12,5 + - | = 14 m = 7 va R = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ =
- Ta c6: I„ = = ^4 ^ ^ 6;^ ^ ^ 4
U .(till
.. 6 P,.,, 24 Vay: De den sang binh thu'dng thl gia trj nho nha't ciia m la 7 va R = - Q .
dm
10.33. Co 32 pin giong nhau, moi pin e = 1,5V, r„ = 1,5Q mac thanh bo va thSp sang
Gpi m la so'day, n la so'nguon tren moi day, ta c6:
binh thU'dng 12 den loai 1,5V - 0,75W mac noi tiep. Tim sd do mac bo nguon.
mr _ m
Eb - mE = 6m; rb = Bai |>iai ,
n n
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, la c6: mn = 32. ;
E. 6m
- Mat khac: I = — ^ - vaEb = n e = l , 5 n ; r b = ^ = - ^
m m m j ,
1,5 +
- De den sang binh thi/dng thi I = Ij = 4A. Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ = 0,5 A.
o 4 = — — — <=> 4m + 6n = 6mn z:c> m = 1 + ^ ^dm ''-^

m 6n-4
1,5 +
Dien trd cua m6i den: R^=-^ = -^=m.
343
Bfli du9ng hpc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D i n g Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigi
H i e u d i e n t h e ' 2 d a u c u a bo n g u o n : U = E h - r b l
• p i e n trcf c u a d e n : Rî = =:4Q.
<=> 1 2 . 1 , 5 = l , 5 n - — . 0 , 5 c i > 1 8 m = 1,5m.n - 0 , 7 5 n dm
G p i m la so d a y , n la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y . ta c 6 :
, o l8m + 0,75n-48 = 0 o 18m + 0,75 — - 4 8 = 0 ' ' + H i e u d i e n the' 2 d a u bo d e n : U = n.4 = 4 n .
+ Ci/dng d o d o n g d i e n qua b p d e n : I = I . m = m .
o 1 8 m ' - 4 8 m + 24 = 0 m = 2; m = - (loai). 4n
+ D i e n t r d tifcfng du'dng c u a b o d e n : R = — .
V a y : P h a i m ^ c n g u o n t h a n h 2 d a y , m 6 i d a y 16 p i n . ' " m
10.34. C o n a c q u y (e = 8 V , r,, = 2 Q ) ma'c t h a n h y d a y s o n g s o n g , m o i d a y x q , - - i , U = Eb - Tbl <=> 4 n = 32 - 8 m c:> n = 8 - 2 m .
no'i tic'p. V i m , n n g u y e n du'dng n e n (8 - 2 m ) > 0 => m < 4.
m 1 2 3
a) M a c h n g o a i la R = 2 Q n o i t i e p \ d i dc-n I 2 V - 2 4 W . T i n h so a c q u y it nhat v.
n 6 4 2
e a c h m a c de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'etng.
N - mn 6 8 6
b) M a c h n g o a i la cac d e n 4 V - - 4 W , bo a c q u y m a c n h u - c a u a. T i m so d e n toi da
V a y : So d e n to'i da la 8 va du'dc m a c t h i i n h 2 d a y , m o i d a y 4 dbn.
va e a c h m d c d e c h u n g s a n g b i n h thu-dns:. . -
10.35. C o m o t so d e n 3 V - 3 W va m o t so n g u o n e = 4 V , TQ = I Q .
M IJai iiiai
a) C h o 8 d e n , t i m so n g u o n it nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g b i n h
T a c o : Eb = x e = 8 x ; rb = — = —; v d i x y - n : l o n g so a c q u y . # thu-dng. C a c h n a o c6 I d i nhd't?
y y b) C h o 15 n g u o n , t i m so' d e n n h i e u nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g
a) So a c q u y it nha't va e a c h ma'c d e d e n sang b i n h thiTdng b l n h thufdng. C a c h n a o CO I d i n h a t ? i t n
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = — = 2 A.
a) So n g u o n it nha't va e a c h mc^c d e n , n g u o n de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'dng
<- • • 7 • i'. %
G o i X la so d a y , y la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y : x y = 8; g p i m la so d a y , n la so
19-
D i e n trd cua d e n : R , , = = 1 ^ ^ 6Q . nguon tren m o i day: mn = k.
P 24
' dill
P 3
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h c h i n h : .H Cu'dng d p d o n g d i e n d j n h m i l e c u a d e n : = — ^ = - = 1 A.
U dm
t^h 8x 8x , 2x ^ 2
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h : I = xl^t = x.
~ VT^ ^ T~ = = o4x = 8+— =^ x = 2 + — -
i ^^^^^'^ 2+6+-^ 8 + 2^ y 2y-l n.r n
H i e u d i e n t h e h a i d a u b o d e n : U = y U t = 3y va Eb = ne = 4 n ; rb = — = —
y y m m
V i X la so n g u y e n n e n { 2 y - l ) la iTdc so c u a 2: , U;.
'2y - 1 = 1 Ta c 6 : Eb = U + rbl o 4 n = 3y + — . x <=> 4 m n = 3 m y + nx
^ 2 y - l = 2 "^^"''^"'"^^^''•'^ 1:Vi:
m
3 m y + nx > 2-y/3iTiy.nx = 2\/24m.n => 4 m n > 2\/24mn => m n > 6

Vdti y = 1 = > X = 4 v a n = 4. j^,
12
V a y : C a n it n h a t 4 a c q u y ma'c n o i t i e p d e d e n sang b i n h thi/dng. Tir do: k = k,i,in = 6 k h i 3my = nx = = = 12 n =
b) So d e n t o i da va e a c h m d c de c h i i n g sang b l n h thu'dng
X 1 2 4 8
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n c u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = - = ] A y 8 4 2 1
n 12 6 3 /
, ,,,, ,, „. , ,,, ,, tr«h i'lffi f.)",' o j .
m 0,5 1 2 /
344 ' • • 345
Bdi duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
Vay; den sang binh thU'dng, ta c6 the mac: I liai f»iai 1

+ Mot day 6 nguon va 2 day den. , Qg\ la so day, y la so den tren moi day, ta c6: xy = 6; goi m la so day, n la
+ Hai day, m6i day 3 nguon va 4 day, moi day 2 dhn. , nguon tren moi day, ta eo: mn = k. -. , ... • •
Hieu suat trong 2 tru'dng hcfp: t .^
riTdng <39 dong dien dinh mure eua den: 1^ =
30
4n 4.6 .
Qiidng do dong dien trong mach: I = x.I^, = x.
3^
= 0,5 = 507c j^jgu dien the hai dau bp den: U = y.Ud = 30y.
4n 4.3:
,Ê, = n e = 1 2 n ; r b = - = -
Vay: Hieu suat trong 2 each la nhif nhau. m m
b) So den nhieu nha't va each mac den nguon de den sang binh thiTdng 2n
Ta c6: Eb = U + Tbl o 12n = 30y+ — . x
TiTdng tif cau tren, ta eo: 4mn = 3my + nx
m
o 3my + nx > 273mynx =273.15xy = 2745xy
O 12mn = 30my + 2nx o n(6m - x) = 15my
o 4mn > l^JASxy o 4.15 > 2745xy -r- •••./.fi^^. f^.i:,
=> n = ]5my 15y r
f|ji.p:>L = xy <20 =>L„,„, = 20 >iH|.,fi5i:<
6m - x 6-A
m
Liic do: 3my = nx = 4m n
4.15 30 15
= 30 => X = — .
Tru'dng hdp 1: X = 6, y = 1 n =j
2 6-A
n 1 3 5 15
m 15 5 3 1
Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so ciia 15.
X 30 10 6 2
m
y / 2 / 10 6
6- — 15 5 3 1
m
+ 1 day 15 nguon va 2 day, moi day 10 den m / 6 2 /
+ 5 day, moi day 3 nguon va 10 day, moi day 2 den. / 3 5 /
n
Hieu sua't trong hai tru'dng hdp: 30 -1'
U, 3y 30 Tru'dng hdp 2: x = 3, y = 2 => n =

_ ^1 _
H, =
4n 4.15
= 0,5 = 50%:; 1 6-A .1 ,f
m
= 0,5 = 5.0% Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la u'dc so ciia 30.

' 4n 4.3 ' T' ^
Vay: Hieu sua't trong 2 each la nhiT nhau.
6-1 30 15 5 3 2 1
10.36. Cac nguon 12V - 2Q mac thanh bo, dung de thap sang binh thirdng 6 de m
m / / 3 1 / /
30V-30W.
n / / 6 10 / /
- Neu cdc cdch mic nguon va den.
- Cach nao silr dung it nguon nha't ? 45
rrirdng hdp 3: X = 2, y = 3 => n =
- Cdch nao c6 hieu suait cao nhat ? i -*« <* »; i 6-A
m
346 347
B6i dddng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t§p 1 - Mguygn Phu D6ng
,. Nguon
1 cong sua't khong doi P = 12kW, dien trd trong r = 2Q cung ca'p dien
Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 45.
m ^ho mot so den giong nhau 120V - 50W mac song song, dien trd diTcJng day
, 2 tai la 4 n .
6 45 15 9 5 3
m §6 den la bao nhieu de cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%
m / / / 2 / c6ng sua't dinh mu'c.
n / / / 15 / Vdi so' den tren, sua't dien dpng cua nguon thay do'i trong khoang nao ?
Bai giai
90
TrUdng hdp 4:x = l , y = 6=> n =
Gpi m la so'den mac song song. '-^ "
6-1 Ta c6: Cong sua't cua nguon bhng tdng cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai va
m
cong sua't hao phi d trong nguon: ^> . i 1, • ^
VI n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 90. P„ = mP, + IXR + r) (1) ; .^.j
m .
6.-L 90 45 30 18 15 9 6 3 2
vdi: I = m l , i ^ P„ = m P . + m ^ - ^ ( R + r) o 12000 = m P . + m ^ - ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^
m ., , . 288
m / / / / / / / / /
^.m^+Pj.m-12000 = 0 (2)
n / / / / / / / / /
h cong suat tieu thu ciia moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%> cong sua't dinh
+ Cach 1: Mac 6 day, moi day 1 den; mdc 6 day, moi day 3 nguon. mure nen:-(50-0,04.50) < Pj < (50 + 0,04.50) o 48 < < 52
+ Cach 2: MSc 6 day, moi day 1 den; mac 2 day, moi day 5 nguon. + Thay P,, = 48Wvao (2), tadu'dc:m^ + 4 8 m - 1 2 0 0 0 = 0
+ Cach 3: Mac 3 day, moi day 1 den; mSc 3 day, moi day 6 nguon. => mi = 88,14; m2 =-136,14 < 0 ( l o a i )
+ Cach 4: Mac 3 day, moi day 2 den; mdc 1 day, moi day 10 nguon.
+ Cach 5: Mdc 2 day, moi day 3 den; mic 2 day, moi day 15 nguon. + Thay P., = 52W vao (2), ta diTdc: ^ + 52m - 12000 = 0
TCf ket qua tren ta thay: Cach 2 va each 4 su" dung it nguon nha't la 10 nguon.
I m; = 83,9; m^ =-131,9 < 0 ( l o a i ) >| • A1 =
Tinh hieu suat: Ta c6: H = - = ^ . H => 83,9 < m < 88,14
E )2n
% m nguyen nen m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88. ' ' '
30.1
+ Cach 1: Hj = = 0,83 = 83%. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qud 4% cong sua't dinh
12.3
mu'c thi m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88.
30.1
+ Cach 2: = = 0,5 = 50%. ^) Sua't dien dong cua nguon thay ddi trong khoang nô? ^•
12.5
+ Cach 3: H 3 =
30.2
= 0,67 = 67%. Ta c6: P„g = E I = ^ E = ^VV^, vdi RN = R + ^ . '
15.6
30.2 288
+ Cach 4: = = 0,4 = 40%. 1 2 0 0 0 . ( 4 + ^ + 2 ) « 336,4V.
15.10 ^^ydim = 8 4 = : > R ^ = 4 + — = : > E = ^
30.3 288
+ Cach 5: = = 0,4 = 40%. -^dx m = 88 R . = 4 + ^ =^ E = , 12000.(4 + ^ + 2) « 333.6 V.
15.15 Tl. 88 V 88 '
Vay: Cach c6 hieu sua't cao nhat la each 1. ^Viy : Sua't dien dong ciia ngu6n thay ddi trong khoang: 333,6V < E < 336,4V .
I 349
10.38. Dung mot acquy Ian lu'dt Ihip sang cho hai den D|, D2 c6 cting cong s^, p, „ p;
dinh mUc. K h i dung den D i , cong suat cua acquy la P| = 6 W ; k h i diing ,3^ K h i do: P„„x = —
4r , v d i E = - L P„.^^ = 4 l f r
D2, cong sua't cua acquy la P2 = 4W. Trong ca hai truTdng hdp den deu
g2
binh thiTcJng. , „ , . . , „ ! , ,,,, i„. , ' ^ TCr (4) d cau a, ta c6: i f r = P, - Pd = 6 - 2,4 = 3,6W P„„, = - _ = 2,5W
4.3,6
a) T u n cong suat dinh rniJc m o i den.
Vay: Cong suat Ictn nhat ma acquy c6 the cung ca'p cho mach ngoai la Pnîx = 2,5W
b) T i m cong sua't Idn nha't ma acquy c6 the cung cap cho mach ngoai.
10.39. Cho mach dien nhiThinh v e : r i = r2 = 0.
B a i giai
Khi khong c6 nguon E2 (R2 song song R 3 )
, G p i R|, R2 Ian lufdt la dien trd cua den 1 va den 2; I|, I2 Ian liTdt la dong dj^^^
cong sua't nguon E| la 55W. Con khi khong
ji^y dinh mufc cua den 1 va den 2; r la dien trd trong cua acquy.
CO nguon Ei (Ri song song R 3 ) thi cong sua't
- T a c o : P, = P,, + i f r (1)
nguon E2 la 176W. B i c t R2 = 2R,, R,, = SR,.
P2 = P d + I ^ r (2)
H o i khi CO ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet
tren toan mach la bao nhieu? cong suat
- M a t k h a c : I^R, = I^R2 ^ll=l^^^.
R2 may phat la bao nhieu? So sanh gia tri hai
cong sua't nay va giai thich tai sao chung
- Thay vao (2), ta dMc: P. = Pd + i f r . — i - (3) bang nhau (hoac khac nhau).
R2
Bai giai
- T i r ( l ) s u y r a : i f r = P, - Pd (4)
^ ^ i ^ i khong CO nguon E2, mach ngoai gom [ R | nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon Ei
- Thay vao (3), ta 6MC: PJ = Pd + (Pi - Pd) — "1

P. = E , I , = oP,=
^2 R,R, 2R,.3R"
R,+ '
' R2+R1 ' 5R,
• o 4 = Pd + ( 6 - P d ) | ^ o 4 = Pd + 6 - ^ - P d : ^ : ^ P d = E1
=>P, = =_ 55 (1)
2,2R,
R2 khong CO nguon E,, mach ngoai g o m [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon E2
- M a t k h a c : I^R, = I^R2 o ( ^ ) ^ R i =( — ^^2 " E

P2 = E2I2 = OP2 =
R.R, R,.3R,
2R,+ '
' 4R,
R, P,' 4' 4 "^-^Q
=^ = ^ = — = - =>Pd= ^ = 2,4W.
R2 P,^ 6^ 9 ,_4 ' ^2 ..Li
= 176 (2)*
P2 =
9 2,75R,
V a y : Cong suat dinh mufc cua moi den la Pj = 2,4W. E] _ 176.2.75

L a ' y ( 2 ) : ( l ) , ta diTdc: = 4 E , = 2EJ (3)"
b) Cong sua't Idfn nha't ma acquy c6 the cung cap cho mach ngoî 55.2,2
E
- Cong sua't cua acquy: P = U I = (E - Ir)I = E I - r l l
- K h i c6 ca 2 nguon, gia su' dong dien trong mach c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve:
r + R^ (T + R^f r + R^ (r + R ^ ) ' (r + R N ^ i Ta c6: I (4)

R.
=> P = Pmax <=> r = R N ( R N la (Jien trd mach ngoai)
351
350 V •:,,-••„>•::•;,;••
de 11:
DONG DIEN TRONG C A C M 6 | TRl/dNG
I -ILlB (6) r
' ~ R3
. fdn T A T K I E N THCTC ^
ma : I | + l : = l3<::>^'"'"'^'U^'^ I pong di^n trong kim loî

R. R, J, Ban chS't: Dong dien trong kim loai Id dong
1 1 1 E, E, chuyen ddi c6 hiTdng cua cac electron ngUdc
)= + o U AB-
R, R, R, R| R. 6R, R, 2R, R, chieu dien trU'cfng ngoai.
2. D^cdie'm:
+ Hat tai dien trong kim loai la Electron.
• mm + Dong dien trong kim loai tuan theo dinh luat 6m (I = — ) .

Thay (7) vao (4), (5), (6), ta diTdc: I , = " R
R 1IR,
+ Dien trd cua kim loai phu thupc vao nhiet do theo cong thuTc: j, y,
12 12 R = Ro(l + at)hoac p = Po(l + at). • »
E,
II, Dong di$n trong chSt di$n phSn
2R, IIR, ' ' 3R, 11R,
1. Ban cha't: Dong didn trong cha't dien phan la
Cong suat nhiet tren toan mach: P = R| + R 2 + R.i dong chuyen dcJi c6 hxidng cua cac cation (ion
72 du'dng) cung chieu dien triTcJng va cdc anion (ion
+—) am), electron ngU'pc chieu dien tru"cJng.
121R 121R 121Rf Ri 121 121 121
2. Dac diem:
_ E;^ 99 + Hat tai dien trong chat dien phan la ion diTdng, ion am vd dlectron.
P=
R, 121 + Dong dien trong chat dien phan tuan theo dinh luat 6m (I = — ) . „
R
Tir(2),tac6: = 121 => P = 1 2 1 . — = 9 9 W . + Dien trd cua chat dien phan giam khi nhiet do cHS't dien phan tdng va
Rl 121
ngu'dc lai. ' < "
Cong suat cua may phat: P2 = E2I2 = 2 E , . — = — = —.121 = 1l o w . 3. Djnh luSt Faraday: Kh6'i lU'dng cua chS't thodt ra cl didn ciTc dUdc xdc
1 R, 11 R, 11 1 A
Ta thay I , < 0 nen phai doi chieu dong I , , vay nguon E , \h mdy thu, E2 \k may dinh b^ng cong thuTc: m = — . — . I t
I
F n
phdt. Do do 2 gia trj cong suat nay khac nhau.
(F = 96500 C/mol Id h^ng so Faraday; A, n Id nguyen tuf khdi vd h6a tri
Vay: Khi c6 ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet tren toan mach la P = 99W;
ua cha't thodt ra; I , t la. cirdng do dong dien vd thdi gian ddng di?n qua
cong sua't may phat la P2 = 1 l o w .
H ifong
chatdi$n
dientror;^
phan).chat ban d§n
I' Ban d§n tinh khiS't: Dong dien trong chat bdn dan tinh khiet la ddng
chuyen dcfi c6 hu'dng cija cdc electron ngi/dc chieu dien tru'dng va cac lo
trong cung chieu dien truing. p,?}?; 'i- ? ;
^53
B6i du9ng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11. t§p 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
Bai giai
2. B a n d a n t a p c h a t :
Gpi: m la khoi lutJng k i m l o a i , V la thi tich khoi k i m l o a i , i
- Ban dSn loai n: Trong ban dan loai n, elecron la hat tai dien chu yeu
i|p la khoi li/dng rieng cua k i m l o a i . \
16 trong la hat tai dien khong chu ye'u (ne » n+).
la nguyen tiir lu'dng cua k i m loai, ^ i' ' ' . '
- B i n dan loai p: Trong ban dan loai p, lo trong la hat tai dien chii ye'u
la so' electron tu" do chila trong khoi k i m loai.
elecron la hat tai dien khong chu yeu ( n + » He). < jjit^!*
N ' . :
- Cac dung cu ban dan thu'dng gap la diot ban dan va tranzito. Iât do electron tif do trong k i m l o a i : UQ = — . ^l/ri - r
B . NHONG C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
/. Khi îdi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n tr()nf> kim loai can chii y cac he thi?c VI moi nguyen tuf k i m loai giai phong n electron t\i do nen: N = n . N . —
chuyen dong c6 hU'dng cua cac electron trong k i m loai v d i cac dai liTctng khac ^ A
n.N..m ^ m N..n.D '
nhiT: D o d o : n„ = vdi D = - ^ n^ =
N N _ _N_
#
+ M a t do e: no = ( N la so e trong the tich V ) .
SI ~ Sv.At , Mat do electron tU' do cua nhom:
V
J i '
nN^D ,23 o 2,7
6,02.10^\3.
hay no = n N ' = n . N ,A-. " m -6 r i.
^ AV A no = — — = 1,8.10^^ (electron/m^). ^
(n, A la hoa tri va nguyen tuT kho'i cua k i m l o a i ; N A la so' Avogadro; D la 11.2. Do lu\ dong cua cac electron tu" do trong mot k i m loai dUdc djnh nghla nhU'
kho'i lu'dng rieng cQa k i m loai).
sau: v = nE
D i e n tich truyen qua tiet dien thang ciia day dan trong thcJi gian t:
( V : van to'c trung binh cua cdc electron tiT do; E: do Idn cUdng do dien triTdng
Aq = I.At = N e . At = noS v. At.e
trong k i m loai).
D p luti dong cua cac e:
Hay thiet lap bieu thuTc cua n theo cac dai lu'dng sau: '
v _ . , ( v a i E = H = £ ) .
~ I II I
^ E nnSeE
•0^^"" nQSeU n.SeR d / Ho: mat do cua electron tuf do. afS ftft
2. Khi gidi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n trong chat di$n phdn can chu y : e: dien tich nguyen to. /: chieu dai cua day dan k i m loai.
+ Sur dung diing cong thiJc cua dinh luat Faraday, nhd k h i F = 96500 C/mol S: dien tich cua tiet dien day k i m loai.
thi m tinh bang gam (g), t tinh b^ng giay (s). R: dien trd cua day.
+ K e t hdp v d i cac cong thiJc khac nhuT: m = D V (cha't r ^ n ) ; Bai giai >,
V(/) _ V
aa c 6 : v = Ê=>(4.= —. .; -
m = . (dktc: chat k h i , n la phan tuf khoi cua k h i thoat ra);
22,4 E
X e t trong khoang thdi gian A t , cac electron tiT do truyen qua tiet dien S diTdc
P2V2 m
PV = — R T , T ( K ) = t(°C) + 273 (chat khi)...
chiJa trong hinh tru day S, dUdng cao AS = v . A t . |
1, 12 F
D i e n tich truyen qua tie't dien S trong khoang thdi gian At l a : f,| i;
+ D d n v i : l a t m = l , 0 1 3 . 1 0 ¥ a ; H = 1000ml...
C . CAC B A I T A P v i DOPJQ D I $ N T R O N G c A c M 6 I TRUdNQ Aq = Ne = n^Ve = n^-SvAte ,i : ^ , j'- :
I. D 6 N G DICN TRONG K I M LOAI irdng do dong dien l a : I = = n^Sv-e => v = — ^ — > u .

I I . 1. M o t day nhom c6 nguyen t\! khoi la 27 va k h d i liTdng rieng 2,7g/cm\ At n^Se
trd suat 3,44.10~^Qm. B i e t nhom c6 hoa tri 3 va thifa nhan mSi nguy^"
0 liTu dong: H = = — v d i E = ^ = y , R = Y . ^ ,,;f ft.
nhom giai phong 3 electron tiT do, hay tinh mat dp electron tiT do cua nh^r" E n^SeE d / I -
355
B6i diiBng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang yi§t
1/
= = /
noSeU n^SeR nêSR
^ ~ rioSeU npSeR
RS
Vay: Bieu thiJc cua \i = Ia:R = p - ^
UocSR
1
11.3. Dong c6 nguyen tuT khoi 63,5, khoi liTdng rieng 8,9g/cm^ va dien trd = 4,6.10"'(SI)
^-19
nêp 8,44.10^ll,6.10"'M,6.10"
1,6.10'Qm. Hay tinh: ^
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong (coi moi nguyen tit dong giai phong VSy: Dp lufu dong cua electron tiT do ben trong kim loai dong la
electron tiT do). H = 4,6.10"^ (SI).
b) Do liTu dong cua electron tuT do ben trong kirn loai dong. 2. D O N G D I | ; N T R O N G C H A T D I E N P H A N
Bai giai jl,4. Khi dien phan dung dich muoi an trong nu'dc, ngiTdi ta thu dufdc khi hidro
Goi: m la khoi liTdng kirn loai, V la the tich khoi kirn loai, tai catot. Khi thu diTdc c6 the tich V = 1 lit d nhiet dp t = 27°C, ap suat p = 1
D la khoi liTdng rieng cua kim loai. %tm. Tinh dien lufdng da chuyen qua binh dien phan.
A la nguyen tu" lU'dng cua kim loai, Bai giai ''j
N la so electron t\i do chiJa trong khoi kim loai. ac6: ' ~
N = 1 lit = 10'^ m ^ t = 27''C ^ T = 27 + 273 = 300K; P = latm = l,013.10^Pa.
- Mat do electron tuf do trong kim loai: np = — .
eo dinh luat Faraday, khoi lU'dng hidro thu diTdc d catot la:
- V i moi nguyen tuT kim loai giai phong n electron m do nen: N = n . N . — . 1 A^ 1 A F.m.n
m = -.—.It = -.—.q q= — — (1)
^ A F n F n A
nN^m m N.nD - Theo phiTdng trinh Claperong - Mendeleep, ta c6:
Do do: n^ = — ^ , vdi D = — . => n^ = —
° AV V ° A PVu
PV = —RT m = — - (2)
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong ii RT
6,02.102ll. ^'^ FnPVî 96500.1.1,013.10^10-^2

- T i r ( l ) v a (2)suyra:q = = 7842C
Tac6: = i^=8,44.10^^(electron/m^). ART 1.8,31.300
63,5
^Sy: Dien lU'dng chuyen qua binh dien phan la q = 7842C.
b) Dp liTu dong cua electron tu" do ben trong kim loai dong
5. Mot nha may dung phifdng phip dien phan de san xuat hidro. Hieu dien
_ V
Ta c6: V = uE => u = — . Ihe d hai ciTc binh dien phan la 2V va san lU'dng cua nha may la 56m^/h (d
^ ^ E
p i e u kien chuan). Tinh cong suat dien can thie't cho san xuat va gia thanh ciia
Xet trong khoSng thdi gian A t , cac electron tiT do truyen qua tie't dien S
flm^ hidro neu gia tien dien nSng la lOOOd/kWh.
chtfa trong hinh tru day S, du'dng cao AS = v.At.
< Bai giai
- Dien tich truyen qua tie't dien S trong khoang thdi gian At 1^:
1 A
Aq = Ne = UoVe = ngSvAte Choi lU'dng hidro giai phong d dien ciTc: m = — . — I t .• , ,
F n
Fmn
- CUong dp dong dien la: I = — = n^Sve V= ^ 1 = (1)
At " noSe "AT
leo phiTdng trinh Claperong - Mendeleep, ta c6:
A"
irN-^ 1 ^ ^ I ^- U U Lii,'
- Do liiu dong: u = — = , vdi E = — = — .
E n^SeE d /
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B6i du9ng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t^p 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng
Dien trd cua binh dien phan:
PVM,
m - (2) _4_
U5
RT
R5 = — = = 2on -<A>-
h 0,2
- Thay (2) vao (1) ta diTdc; I = Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien qua R3
RTAt R2
binh dien phan la 0,2A; dien
96500.1.1,013.10-\56.2 R.
1= = 134057A trd binh dien phan la 2 0 Q .
8,31.273.1.3600 R5
R4
bl S6' pin va cong sua't moi pin
- Cong suat dien can thiet cho san xua't:
Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach ngoî:
P = UI = 2.134057 = 268II3W * 268 kW
(R,+ R3)(R4+R,) ^ (9 + 3).(4 + 20) ^
- Cong do nha may sinh ra: A = Pt = 268113.3600 = 9,652.lO^J = 268 kWh R = R,+
R2+R3+R4+R5 9 + 3 + 4 + 20
- Gia tien de mua 268 kWh dien la: T = 268.1000 = 268000 dong.
968000
l,5n
_ Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 0,6.
- Gia thanh ciia I hidro la: T' = = 4786 dong. R + r^ 10 + 0,5n
56 ^
<:> l,5n = 6 + 0,3n=>n = 5.
Vay: Cong sua't dien can thici cho siin xua't la P = 268 kW; gia thinh ctia Im^
- Cong suat cua bp nguon: P = Ebl = 1,5.5.0,6 = 4,5W.
hidro la 4786 dong.
P 4,5
11.6. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Bo nguon gom n pin mic no'i tiep, moi pin c6: - Cong sua't cua moi nguon: P' = — = - 3 - = 0,9W .
e = 1,5V, ro = 0,5Q. Mach ngoai R, = 2Q, Rj = 9Q, R4 = 4Q, den R3: 3V - 3W,
Vay: So' pin la 5, cong sua't moi pin la 0,9W.
R5 la binh dien phan dung dich AgNO,cd du'dng ciTc tan.
c) So' chi tren von ke hai dau bp nguon
Biet ampe ke A, chi 0,6A, ampe ke A2 chi 0,4A, RA = 0, Ry rat Idn. Tim:
a) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien <5> Ta c6:
So chi cua von ke hai dau bp nguon: U = - rÎ = 1,5.5 - 0,5.5.0,6 = 6V.
phan va dien trd binh dien phan.
•<A>-
b) So' pin va cong sua't moi pin. Kho'i lu'dng bac giai phong d catot sau t = 16p5s = 965s ,
c) So' chi tren von ke' hai dau bp nguon. ,^ , 1 A , 1 108
R3 Ta c6: m = - . — . I t = — — - • — .0,2.965 = 0,216g
d) Kho'i lu'Png bac dUdc giai phong d F n 96500 1
5d
catot sau 16 phut 5 giay dien phan. f Vay: Khoi li/dng bac giai phong d catot sau t = 16p5s la m = 0,216g.
R5
e) Dp sang cua den R3? e) Dp sang cua den D 3 ?
Bai giai P.„, 3
Ta co: + V d i bp nguon: Eb = ne = 1,5n; rb = nro = 0,5n. - Cirdng dp dong dien djnh miJc cua den: = - p - = - = 1A
dm 3
U Y - Ta thay: l2 = 0,4A<Id,„: den D 3 sang toihdn binh thirdng.
+ Dien trd cua den: R 3 = R^ = — ^ = — = 3Q UK*.!,
dm 1.7. Cho mach dien nhir hinh ve: E = 9V, r = 0,5Q, B la binh dien phan dung
a) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan va dien tr6 binh dien phan
- Hieudienthe'2dauR4,R5: U45 = l2(R2 + R3) = 0,4(9 + 3) = 4,8V
f dich CUSO4 vdi cac dien cifc bhng dong.
D la den 6V - 9W, Rb la bien trd.
M N
® N
B
- Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: Rb
a) C d vi tri Rb = 12Q thi den sang binh thiTdng.
I4 = l5 = l i - I 2 = 0,6-0,4 = 0,2A Tinh khoi lu'dng dong bam vao catot binh dien J
- Hieudienthe 2dauR4: U4 = I4R4 = 0,2.4 = 0,8V. phan trong 1 phut, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
- Hieu dien the' 2 dau R5: E, r
ngoai va cong sua't cua nguon.
U 5 = U45 - U 4 = 4,8 - 0,8 = 4V.
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poi_nugng~ngc sinn gioi v a i ly n , igp T - ivguyen PW Dong Cty TNHffWrVTJWH Khan,
b) Tir vi tri tren cua con chay C, ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cfla den j g , Cho m a c h dien n h U hinh ve: E i = 6 V ,
IiTdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phut thaydoinhir the nao? I g2 = 3 V , r i = r2 = 0 , 5 Q , den R,: 2 V - 1,5W,
B a i giai
Sen R2: 4 V - 3 W , R3 la dien t r d , R 4 la binh
U îen phan dung dich CUSO4 c6 cdc dien ciTc
Ta c6: + D i e n trd cua den; = dm
= 4Q.
''dm b^ng dong, tu C, = 1 , C2 = C 3 = 2 M F .
Bie't cac den sang binh thi/dng. . ' ^
1. + Cirdng do dong dien dinh mu-c cua den: L = = - - i <; A
Tinh kho'i liTdng dong diTPc giai phong d
dm
catot binh dien phan trong thdi gian 1 6 phut
a) K h o i li/dng dong bam vao catot, cong suat tieu thu 6 mach ngoai va c6
5 giay va dien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi
sua't cua nguon „ ,t
gian tren.
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua bien trd: 1^, = ^ ^ P ^ A = O , 5 A b) Tinh R3 va R4.
12
Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu no'i v d i N .
- Cirdng do dong dien qua binh dien phan: I = Id„, + lb = 1,5 + 0,5 = 2A. B a i giai
- K h o i lirdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phiit = 60s la:
^dmj _ 2 8
+ D i e n trd cua den 1: Rj = = -Q.
.2.60 = 0,0398g = 39,8mg 1,5 3
F'n' 96500'2 '^dm,
- Cong sua't tieu thu ciia mach ngoai: Pj^ = U I = (E - r l ) l = (9 - 0,5.2).2 = 16W
_ 4'
- Cong suat cua nguon: P = E I = 9.2= 18W. + D i e n trd cua den 2: R2 = = 1^Q.
'dm. 3 3
V a y : K h o i liTdng dong bd m vao catot la 39,8mg, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
ngoai la 16W, cong suat cua nguon la 18W. Rdrnj 1,5
+ Ci/dng do ddng dien djnh miJc qua den 1: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
b) Dp sdng cua den va lu'cJng dong bam v i o catot thay doi nhiT the nao? Udmi 2
- Ne'u con chay C sang trai thl Rb tSng => RNP tSng => d i e n trd mach ngoai tang
E Rdm2 _ 3
+ Cirdng do dong dien djnh miJc qua den 2: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
. => I = giam nen li/Png dong bam vô catot g i a m . 4
Udm^
R+r
- H i e u dien the hai dau den 1^: .i.. - - + H i e u dien the 2 dau A , B : UAB = U , + U2 = 2 + 4 = 6 V . >
Rd^b ERdRb
||F CUdng do ddng dien qua mach chinh: Ta c6: UAB = (Ei - E 2 ) - ( r i - r 2 ) I .
- IRNP =
R+_Â_ Rd+Rb Rd(R + R b H R R t
Rd+Rb 0,5 + 0,5 •(Id fei-:,,M'',:0;=:
ER, + Cirdng dp dong dien qua R4: I4 = I - I^tn^^ = 3 - 0,75 = 2 , 2 5 A . i ( « •
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I . = =
R,, R,(R+R,)+RR^ RRd ÛCho'i li/dng dong diTdc gia i phdng d catot binh dien phan va d i e n nang binh
R+R.+
B ^ u thu >. }
RR
K h o i liTdng dong giai phong d catot trong thdi gian t =16p5s = 965s la:
- K h i R b t a n g = > ( R + Rd. + - T — ) giam n6n Id tang, nghTa Ih do sang cua dbn tang'
'^b 1 A , 1 64
ni=-.—.It = .2,25.965 = 0,72g ; i. •
V $ y : Ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cua den tSng v^ liTPng d6ng bam I F n 96500 2
vao catot g i a m . ien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi gian tren: A = U l t = 4.2,25.965 = 8,685kJ
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Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
b) Tinh R i va R4
Bai giai
- Dien trd cua binh dien phan: R4 = — - = ^ Ci^cfng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: ^ ^
^4 2,25 9
" y-, = 0 nen mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu" sau:
- Cu'dng do dong dien qua R3:13 = I - 1 dm, = 3 - 0 , 7 5 = 2,25A. 1 A R,
f heo dinh luat Faraday, ta c6: m = p ~^2^ '
2 A B
- Dien trd R3: R 3 = ^ =
2,25 9 _ mFn _ 0,48.96500.2 ^ ^ R3
I " ^3
c) Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N "^^2" At ~ 64(16.60 + 5) ' I2
R2 ~z—
- H i e u d i e n t h e 2 d a u A M : UAM = E l - r , I = 6-0,5.3 = 4,5V.
Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan la 1,5A. R4
- Hieu dien the 2 dau MB: UMB = E2 - FJI = 3 - 0,5.3 = 1,5V.
1,) Dien trd binh dien phan ' " ''
- V i El > E2 nen ban cua Ci noi vdi M la ci/c am, noi vdi N la ciTc du'dng.
R R 44
- Tai N: qi - q2 + q3 = 0 Hieu dien the'2 dû AB: UAB = I 2 ( R 2 + - ^ ^ - ^ ) = ^'^^î + J—^^ = l'5(R2+2)
R-j+R^ 4+ 4
« C , U N M - C 2 U A N + C3UNB = 0
Cirdng do dong dien qua R,: I , = ^ = ''^''^^"^^^ = CSRj+l
o UNM - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0
- Matkhac: Cifdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: ^tWrnr, ,
UNM = UNA + UAM = UNA + 4,5 = 4 , 5 - U A N (2) I = Ii + I2 = 1,5 + 0,5R2 + 1 = 2,5 + 0,5R2 / ,,
- Thay (2) vao (1): 4,5 - UAN - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0 Ta cd: UAB = E - r l = 13,5 - 1 -(2,5 + 0,5R2) = 1,5(R2 + 2)
» 3 U A N - 2 U N B = 4,5 (3) o 11-0,5R2= 1,5R2 + 3=>R2 = 4Q.
- Mat khac: UAB = UAN + UNB = 6 Vay: Dien trd binh dien phan la R2 = 4Q. ^
C ^ 2 U A N + 2UNB = 12 (4) c) So chi cua ampe ke
- Lay(3) + ( 4 ) : 5 U A N = 16,5 Ta cd: I , = 0,5.4 + 1 = 3A.
=0 UAN = 3,3V; UNB = 2,7V; UNM = 4,5 - 3,3 = 1,2V. Hieu dien the 2 dau R3: U3 = U 4 = l2R34= 1,5.2 = 3V. . , ^
- Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N:
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R3: I3 = ^ = = 0,75A.
Q , = C , U N M = 1.1,2= l,2fiC. R3 4
Q2 = -C2UAN =-2.3,3 =-6,6 M C . a, So chi cua ampe ke: U = 3 + 0,75 = 3,75A. if,
Q3 = C3UNB = 2.2,7 = 5,4 j i C . Vay: Ampe ke chi 3,75A. ):;ofc-;;
11.9. Cho mach dien nhiT hmh ve: E = 13,5V, r = I f i , R , = 3Q, R3 = R4 = 4^ d) Cong suaft tieu thu d mach ngoai
fi. 1
RA = 0, R2 la binh dien phan dung djch C U S O 4 c6 cac dien cure b^ng dong. Ta c6:U = UAB = 1,5(R2 + 2) = 1,5.(4 + 2) = 9V
Biet sau 16 phiit 5 giay dien phan, kho'i E,r va I = 2,5 + 0,5R2 = 2,5 + 0,5.4 = 4,5A. i,r*ji:
li/dng dong du'dc giai phdng d catot la =^ P = U I = 9.4,5 = 40,5W. I*! . .

0,48g. Tinh: , Vay: Cong suat tieu thu d mach ngoai la P = 40,5W. , v
a) Ci/dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan.
b) Dien trd binh dien phan.
c) So'chi cua ampe ke.
R3
d) Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai. R2
V R4
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B6i di^ng hgc sinh gi5i vat ly 11, t^p 1 - Nguy6n Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viet
PhdntMba 3. Tuf trufcfng cua dong d i ^ n trong 6ng dSy dSn dai:
Vectd cam tfng tif B do dong dien gay ra c6:
- Phifdng: Song song vdi true
ong day. ^-^
Chuven de 12: TUf T R l / d N G - Chieu: Tuan theo quy tac ^
A . T 6 M T A T K I ^ N TiiCrc "Cai dinh oc 2".
I. Cac dinh nghta
fe.- Do Idn: B = 4 7 t . l 0 - ' . n l . (n = — la
1. Tuf trifcfng la dang vat cha't t6n tai xung quanh dien tich chuyen don?
, (dong dien, nam cham) va tac dung life tijf len hat mang dien khac chuyen mat do vong day; N, / la so" vong va
dong trong do (dong dien khac, nam cham khac). Hu'dng cua tif trU'dng tai If,"! ; f s'.
chieu dai cua o'ng day).
moi diem la hu'dng Nam - Bac cua kim nam cham dat tai do. NguySn h' chdng chS't tijf trufcfng:
2. DifoTng cam tfng tuf (du'dng stfc tiT) la nhffng
Goi Bp B 2 , . . . la cac cam iJng tif do cac dong dien I i , I 2 , . . . gay ra tai diem M .
dU'dng cong ve trong khong gian c6 tif truTdng
am iirng tiJf tdng hdp tai M la:
sao cho tiep tuyen d moi diem triing vdi hifdng
= B,+B2+...
tiJf tri/dng tai diem do. \ ,^
Chu y : Co the xac dinh chieu cua vectd

I I . Tuf trtfoTng tao hdi cac dong di$n
cam iJng tif B do dong dien trong
1. Tuf trtfcfng cua dong di$n trong dfiy dSn thang dai v6 h^n: Vectd cam
khung day hoac ong day gay ra theo
i^ng tii B tai diem M ciia tif trU'dng do dong dien gay ra c6:
quy tac "Nam tay phai" nhiThinh ben:
- Diem dat: Tai M .
- PhUdng: Tiep tuyen vdi difdng cam iJng tiT
B. N H O N Q CHtJ t K H I GlAl B A I T A F
tai M .
- Khi giai cac bai toan dang nay can chd y:
- Chieu: Tuantheoquyt^c"Cai dinh oc 1".
+ Xac dinh hinh dang day dan (thing v6 han, thing hffu han, tron, 6ng day)
- Dp Idn: B = 2 . 1 0 ' . - . (r la khoang each tif de xac djnh diing cac dac diem cua cam ufng tir do dong dien chay trong
r
day dan do gay ra.
day dan den M). ^ • ^ .n^-^hu - r
TrU'dng hdp khung day tron c6 N vong day thi cam uTng tif do dong dien trong
CM y: Vdi doan day dan Al (hiTu han) tM:
,-7 NI
khung day gay ra tai tam khung day c6 do Idn B = NBo = 2 7 t . 10
B = 1 0 ^ - ( s i n a , + sina,) » B ,-' R
r
0 + Can phoi hdp vdi cdc cong thufc hinh hoc, liTdng giac va he qua cua bat
2. Tuf trUcfng cua dong di^n trong khung dSy dSn t r o n :
dang thiJc Co-si de tinh cam O'ng tuT va giai quye't cac van de ve cifc tri.
Vectd cam iJng tif B do dong dien gay ra c6:
Trudng c6 nhieu day dan mang dong dien gay ra cac cdm drng ivi B,, B 2 , . "
- Diem dat: Tai O (tam khung day).
tai diem ta xet thi cam tfng ti^ tdng hdp tai diem do difdc xac dinh theo
- Phi/dng: Vuong goc vdi mat phang khung day.
- Chieu: Tuan theo quy t^c "Cai dinh oc 2". nguyen l i chong cha't tif trifdng: B = B, + B2 + . . .
,-7 I ^C»o dd can diTa vao cac quy t i c "Cai dinh oc" hoSc " N i m tay p h ^ i " d l xdc
- D6 1dn:B = 27t.lO
djnh diing chieu cua cac vectd cam ufng tif thanh phan tiT do xdc djnh diing d6
(R 1^ ban kinh khung day). •dn cua B.
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vijt
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu DSng
C . C A C B A I T A P Vfe Tir TRUCMSG C U A DONG D I E N Bai giai

12.1. Dong dien c6 ciTcfng do I = 2A chay cung chieu qua hai day dan thing c\\^^ = 2000 (v6ng/m)
ivlat dp vong day: n =
lai. Tinh cam drng tif do hai day gay nen tai ndi each chung 5cm. 0,5.10'^
Bai giai Cam iJng tCf trong 6'ng day: B = 47t. 10"'.nl = 4TI . 10 ^2000.0,4 = 0,00IT.
I. h
- Cam ufng tuf do I i , I2 gay ra tai A: j2,5. Hai dong dien thing dai v6 han, Ij = lOA, I 2 = 30A vu6ng g6c nhau trong
. 2 ®® kh6ng khi. Khoang each ng^n nha't giila chung la 4em. Tinh cam tfug tijf tai
• B, = 6 2 = 2.10-'.- =2.10"^ = 8.10"'^T
0,05 di^m each moi d6ng dien 2cm.
- Cam ufng tCr tong hcfp tai A: B = B, H-Bj Bai giai
; V i Bi cung chieu vdi B^ nen B = B | + 8 2 = 8.10"^+ 8.10"'^= 16.10"'^^. Gpi M la diem each moi dong dien 2cm.
^ Cam i^ng ttr do dong I i gay ra tai M la: I.
Vay: Dp Icfn cam ufng tuf do hai day gay nen tai ndi each chung 5em la B =
10
le.io^T. B i = 2.10-'.^ =2.10"^
r 0,02
= IQ-'^T
B,
12.2. Cupn day tron ban kinh R = 5cm (gom n = 100 vong day qua'n ndi tiep each
. Ca m lifng tCf do do n g l 2 gay ratal M i a :
dipn vdi nhau) dat trong khong khi c6 dong dien I qua moi vong day, tii
trifcJng d tam vong day la B = 5.10"^. Tim I . B, = 2 . 1 0 - \ ^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ , = 3.10"''T
^'^ r 0,02 ,,,
Bai giai
Cam dfng tiT do cupn day gay ra d tam vong day la: - Cam ufng tiT t6'ng hdp tai M : B = B j + B j
B.2..10-.1 = 1 ^ ^ I = ^ - ^ ° " Q ' " ^ = 0 , 4 A V i Bj I B 2 nen B = ^ B f + B ^ = 7(10"*)^+(3.10"^)^ = >/io.lO-^ - 3,16.10-^T.

R 100 100.271.10"' 12.6. Hai day dan thang song song dai v6 han dat each nhau d = 14cm trong
Vay: CU'cJng dp dong dien qua moi vong day la I = 0,4A. *^^kh6ng khi. Dong dien ehay trong day I , = I2 = I = 1,25A. Xac djnh vectd cam
12.3. Mot 6'ng day thang (xolenoit) chieu dai 20cm, dU'dng kinh 2cm. Mot day
• tfng tCr tai M each moi day R = 25cm trong trifdng hdp hai dong dien:
dan CO v6 bpe each dien dai 300m dU'dc quan deu theo chieu dai 6'ng. Ong
a) Cung chieu. b) Ngifdc chieu.
day khong c6 loi va dat trong khong khi. Cu'dng dp dong dien di qua day dan
f
f)<* B a i giai
0,5A. Tim cam ifng tiT trong ong day.
= 10-^T
Bai giai
Ta c6: Chieu dai cua moi v6ng day la ehu vi cua 6'ng day thing.
S6' vong day diTdc quan tren 6'ng: N = = — — = 4775 (v6ng)

27ir 3,14.0,02 I 1 25
N 4775 • - Cam
Cam ijfng
ufng tiT
ttr do dong
to'ng hdpdien
tai MI ,: gay
B =raB,+B2
tai M : B, = 2.10-'.-|- = 2 . 1 0 " ' ' . - ^ -
Mat dp vong day: n = — = = 23873 (v6ng/m) O,R H
H 0,25
O2
/ 0(2 a) Hai d6ng dien chay ciing chieu: I 1 25
Cam li-ng tiif trong 6'ng day: B = 47c.l0''.nl = 47t .10-'.23873.0,5 = 0,015T. Cam ufng tiTdo dong dien I2 gay ra tai M : B2 = 2.10"'.-^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ - ^ = lO'^T
Gpi a la goc hdp bdi B i , B 2 , ta cd: R 0,25
12.4. Mot day dan di/cJng kinh tiet dien d = 0,5mm diTdc bpc b^ng mot Idp ca'^''
a = 9 0 ° - p ; O^MOj = 9 0 ° - p
dien m6ng quan thanh mot 6'ng day (x61en6it). Cac vong ciia ong
diTdc quan sdt nhau. Cho dong dien c6 cirdng dp I = 0,4A di qua 6'ng
Tinh elm lifng tiT trong 6'ng day. j
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Bfli duang hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t^p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Sm ti-ng ttrdol, gay ra tai M: B, = 2.10 ' . ^ = 2 . 1 0 " ^ - ^ =4.10'"^T

a 2 = MH = Judfo^H^
Ta c6: c o s - = — . ,, ,
2 Bj M O j MO2 ' I . .(
r, 0,05
CamiJ'ngtirdol2gayra tai M: B2 = 2 . 1 0 ' . ^ = 2 . 1 0 " ^ — =8.10"'^T
2 B , > 0 ^ 0 , H ^ _ 2.10-^ A25^-0,07^ _ , . ^ - e ^ "
I MO2 0,25 T20,05
' Vay: Cam iJng tif tdng hc(p tai M c6 do Idn B = 1,92.10"'T, c6 phuTdng song ;:am ijrng tCr tong hdp tai M: B = Bj+Bj . A... B
song O1O2. 3oi P la goc hdp bdi Bi va B^: p = 180°-2a ' ' ' B, /^'/yf ^2
b) Hai dong dien chay ngiTdc chieu: ^
Taco: B = V B ^ - , , . • (j) i cosa = - = > a = 3 6 , 8 7 ' ' ^ P= 106,26". ,'\
0 — - o -©- I
ir
Chidu (1) len phiTcfng cua B,^ : = ^Bf -i-B^ +2B,B2.cosP
y''-
O
- Iv'fv'.B,
1 I2
=> B = Bjcosa + Bjcosa = 2BjCosa (vi B, = B2) r = 7(4.10"'* )^ + (8.10"^ )^ + 2.4.10"^8.10"^ .cos 106,26° =>B = 9,9.1 O^^T.
A-fx.iu^ n n 0 , H 0,07 M Vay: Cam itng tir tdng hcJp tai M c6 do Idn B = 9,9.10^^T.
Mat khdc: a = B => cosa = cosB = —-— = —— x/3
=>B= 2 . 1 0 - ^ . — = 0,56.10"^T 0 , M 0,25 2A Vong day tron cd R = 3,14cm cd dong dien I = 0,87A « ^ A di qua va dat
0,25
.; B c6 phiTdng vuong goc vdi O1O2, chieu hu'dng tuT M den H. song song vdi duTdng cam ifng cua mot tif triTdng deu cd B2 = lO'^T. Xac djnh
Vay: Cam ufng tCr tong hdp tai M c6 do Idn B = 0 , 5 6 . 1 0 ^ , c6 phi/cfng vuong Ik-
goc 0 , 0 2 , chieu tCr M den H. M tai tam O vong day.
12.7. Hai day dan th^ng song song dai v6 han dat each nhau d = Scm trong khong m Baigiai
khi. Dong dien chay trong hai day la I, = lOA, I2 = 20A v^ ngiTdc chieu nhau. fam ling tuf do vdng day tron gay ra tai tam vong tron la: \
Tim cam ilng tCf tai: B, = 2 7c.lO-^-=27t.lO-^ X1_^ = V^.IO-5T 1 5 (• f—
a) O cdch moi day 4cm. b) M each moi day Scm.
Baigiai #1 R 2.3,14.10-2 I \, /
a) Cam tfng tiT tai O 9dm iJng tir tdng hdp tai tam O: B = Bj+Bj
- Cam drngtiif doll gay ra tai 0 : B i = 2.10-1^ = 2 . 1 0 ' " ' . — =5.10"^T Bi IB2 nen B,
r, 0,04 B = ^Bf+B^ = V(V3.10-^)2+(10--^)2 = 2.10-^T
- CamtogtCr do I2 gay ra tai O: A ^ Goc hdp bdi B , B^: tana = ^ = — =^3 =^ a = 60° ^
62 = 2 . 1 0 - ' . ^ = 2 . 1 0 - l — = 10.10-^T B,.^Bj B2 . 1
h 0.04 I, ' ,3
Vay: CamtogtiT tdng hdp tai O cd do Idn B = 2. lO'T va a = (B , B^) = 60°
- CamurngtiirtonghdptaiO: B = B,+B2. "' o Hai vong day tron ban kinh R = 10cm cd tam trung nhau dat vuong gdc
au. Cirdng do dong dien trong hai day I, = I2 = I = ^/2 A. Tim B tai tam O
Vi Bi, B^ cung chieu nen B = B, + B2 = 5.10"^ + 10.10'^ = IS.IO'^T.
a hai vong day.
b) Cam (Jng tiTtai M Baigiai
368 A tog tif do moi v6ng day tron , gay ra d tam vong day la: 369
B6i du9ng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt iy 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TWHH TvrrvTJwn i^nang -yrgt
Xac djnh vi tri nhCTng diem c6 vectd cam iJng tCr gay bc(i hai dong dien b^ng
B, =B2= 2n.\Q'\^ =2N/27t.lO"^T Ichong.
Bai giai ^ .jiy^;/; /
- Cam ling tuT tong hcJp tai O: B = B,+B2 ^) Cam ijrng tCr gay bdi hai d6ng dien tai M
VI +Bi nen B = ^Bf+B^ I 2
=> B = V(2V2n. 10"^ f + (lyjln. 1 f = 12,56.10"^T V7 Cam iJng tiT do I, gay ra tai M: B, = 2.10"'.^ = 2.10 ^ 0,04 = IQ-^T.
+B, = B 2 = > a = ( B , B^) = 45° Cam tfng tif do I2 gay ra tai M: B2 = 2.10"'.^ = 2.10"''. 10 = 4.10-^T
0,05
VSy: Cam li'ng tiT tai tam O ciia hai vong day la
Cam urng ttr tong hdp tai M: B = Bj+Bj AI2 B,
B = 12,56.10'T, a = ( B , B^) = 45°. B,
12.10. Bon day dan thing dai dat song song, tiet dien Vi: +Bi, B2 ngirdc chieu nen: B = Bj - B j
A(^- -^1
ngang ABCD tao thanh hinh vuong canh a = 20cm. B =10-^-4.10'^ =3.10-^T
Trong moi day c6 dong I = 2A di qua theo chieu nhiT X
+B2 > B| nen B etlng chieu vdi B2. O
. hinh ve. Tinh B tai tam hinh vuong.
-®c Vay: Cam tfug ttr tai B c6 dp Idn B = 3.10^^ T va cting chieu vdi B2.
Bai giai
b) NhiTng diem c6 vectd cam iJng ttr gay bdi 2 ddng dien b^ng 0 >'
- Cam ling tur do m6i vong dong dien gay ra d tam hinh vuong: Ta eo: B = B^+ B^ = 0 B, = - B 2 V'
.-7 I
B, = B2 = B3 = B4 = 2.10-'.- ,vdi r = Nhir vay, nhCTng diem do thupe gdc phan tiT thiJ nha't va thu* ba. -
r 2 LB, = B 2 « 2 . 1 0 - ^ ^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ ^ ^ }Lj±=L:^r, =0,2
.B, = B 2 = B3 = B4 = 2.10^. 0,2^^ «2,83.10"^T I î h h h 10
»,2r.
deo hinh ve cua de bai: r, = y, rz = x => y = 0,2x. ; ,H ; C>
- Cam uTng tCf tong hdp tai O: B = B,+B2+B3+B4 = B,3+B24 J Vay: NhuTng diem thupc diTdng thing y = 0,2x se c6 B = 0. -f-
12.12. Hai day dan thang dai v6 han dat song song trong khong khi each nhau
Vi +Bi, B3 Cling chieu nen B.j = B, + B3 = 2,83.10^ + 2,83.10"* = 5,66.10 khoang d = 6cm cd cac dong I, = lA, I2 = 4A di qua. Dinh vj tri nhiTng diem
' : +B2, B4 cung chieu nen B24 = 62 + 64 = 2,83.10^+ 2,83.10-^ = 5,66.10^' CO cam urng ttr tong hdp bhng 0. Xet hai triTdng hdp:
+ Bi3 1 B24 nen B = = yjlXSM lO'^f =8.10"^T a) Ii.Ijctingehieu. b) Ii, I2 trdi chiû.
Vay: Cam iJng ttr tong htJp d O hiTdng den AB, vuong g6c vdi AB, c6 do 1^ Bai giai j;
B = 8.10'*T. Ta cd: NhiTng diem cd vectd cam li'ng ttr tong hdp h\ng 0 thoa: ^
12.11. Hai day dan thing dai v6 han dat trong khong B = B^+B^ = 0 =^B^= -B^ '
khi vuong goc nhau (each dien vdi nhau) va nSm >B, = B2 0 2 . 1 0 " Î.^ _=2.10. - 7 ^2 => 1-2 =
I2 r2 4
trong cung mot mat phing. Cirdng do d6ng dien v r, r2
4) Trirdng hdp I,, I2 Cling chieu: Dc B,, B2 ngiTdc chilu thi diem M phai n\m
qua hai day I| = 2A, h = lOA.
a) Xic djnh cam i?ng tiT gay bdi hai dong dien tai M ~ Q trong doan noi giiTa hai day nen: r2 = 4.(6 - r2) o 5r2 = 24
trong mat phang cua hai dong dien, c6 toa do (x, r2 = 4,8cm va r, = 6-4,8= 1,2cm. ''
y) nhu"hinh ve, vdfi x = 5cm, y = 4cm.
371
370
BUI uuuiiu \m biiiii giui vgi ly 11. I^CTT - Nguyen pnu uong" Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
V a y : Nhffng d i e m c6 cam (Jng tii tong hcJp bang khong n i m tren di/cfng th| j
cdch day 1: 1,2cm, day 2: 4,8cm. ^
b) TriTcJng hdp I i , h ngiCdc chieu: De B,, ngiTdc chieu thi d i e m M phai i
ngoî doan no'i giffa hai day. V i T2 = 4ri nen M phai nhm ve phia I i : Cim u-ng tii do I3 gay ra tai M : B3 = 2.1 ^ = 2.10"^.
r + 0,12 r + 0,12
=>T2 = 4.(T2 -6) O 3T2 = 24 r2 = 8cm va r i = — = 2 c m . <" -
V i B i , B2 c i j n g c h i e u n e n : B , 2 = B , + B2 = 2 . 1 0 " ' . I ( ^ + - ^ ; - ^ ^ )
4
V a y : NhiTng d i e m c6 cam tfng tii tdng hdp bling khong n h m tren difcJng t h l ^
-7 . J 1 . 7 21
each day 1: 2em, day 2: 8cm. Re' B = 0 thi B|2 = B 3 « 2 . I 0 ' ^ I ( - + ) = 2.i0
r r + 0,06 r + 0,12
12.13. Day dan manh, thang dai c6 d6ng I = lOA di qua dat vuong goe v d i ductng
cam i^ng tii cua til tru'dng deu c6 Bo = 5.10~^T. T i m nhffng d i e m c6 cam iJng tff 2r + 0,06 ^ 2 o (r + o,03).(r +0,12) = r(r + 0 , 0 6 )
tdng hdp b^ng khong. r(r + 0,06) r + 0,12
Baigiai . . . .
< : > r ^ - r ^ + 0 , 0 9 r + 3,6.10""* = 0 = > r < 0 : khong phii hdp.,)
NhiJng d i e m c6 cam iJng tii tdng hdp bKng khong thoa:
Trrf(/ng hdp 2:
B = Bj+ BQ = 6 => B, = -BQ
Neu M nhm ngoai I3 thi B i , B 2 ciing chieu; B3 ngiTdc chieu vdi B i , B 2 :
M
B, = B o O 2 . 1 0 " ^ - = 5 . 1 0 " ^ ®'
Taco: B = B . + B , + B , = B , , + B 3 . . 6
Cam iJngtLr d o l l gay ra tai M : '••(v-£L;i|i " v-dO.,()/
2.10-^10
=> r = = 0,04m = 4em B, = 2 . 1 0 - ^ ^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ — I. '2 I3 B,
••i + ® ^ ^ - M
V a y : Nhufng d i e m c6 cam i^ng tii tdng hdp bang khong nhm tren difcfng th3ng
Cam urng tir do I2 gay ra tai M : •• • > * * •
A song song v d i day dan, each day 4cm, A trong mat ph^ng chiJa day va
vuong goc v d i BQ . | ^B2 = 2 . 1 0 ^ i l = 2 . 1 0 - . - ^
'2
12.14. Ba day dan th^ng song song dki v6 han eung n ^ m trong mat phdng, hai
day l i e n tiep cdch nhau doan a = 6cm, ciTdng dp I , = I2 = I , I3 = 21. Day I3 n^m C a m d r n g t i r d o l a g a y r a t a i M : B3 = 2 . 1 0r ^
' ' .. Î l =
= 22.10"
. 1 0 -.. ^
ngoai I i , I2 va dong I3 ngiTdc chieu I | , I2. T i m v i t r i M c6 cam i^ng tH tdng hdp
b^ng khong.
. V i B i , B2 c u n g c h i e u n e n B , 2 = B, + B 2 = 2.10~'.I( L_+_! ).
Baigiai ' m r + 0 , 1 2 r + 0,06
C a m urng tCf tdng hdp tai M : B = B, + B j + B3 = 0 fce B = 0 t h i B , 2 = B3 0 2.10-\l( ? + ? ) = 2.10-' —

^ r + 0,12 r + 0,06 r
TriTcTnghj/p 1:
2r + 0 18 2
N e u M nhm ngoî I i thi B i , B 2 ciJng c h i l u ; B3 ngi/dc chieu v d i B i , B 2 • o • = - o r ^ + 0 , I 8 r = r 2 + 0 , 1 8 r + 7 , 2 . 1 0 ~ ^ v6 nghiem.
(r + 0,12).(r + 0,06) r
Ta eo: B = B i + B 2 + B 3 = B , 2 + B 3 0^
ftfcfngh<;p3:
- Cam iJug t t r d o Ii gay ra tai M : M J ^ ^ ^
- N e u M nhm giOra I 2 , 1 3 thi B i , B 2 , B3 cung chieu nen khong the cd tri/dng
B, = 2 . 1 0 - ^ l l - = 2 . 1 0 - ^ 1 '
r r hdp B j + B j + B ^ = 6 . . . ,
- C a m tfug tCr do I2 gay ra t a i M : § ofng hgfp 4:

N e u M nam giffa I , , I2 thi B i , B3 cilng chieu; B 2 ngifdc chieu v d i B i , B3 :
373
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
B6i du8ng hpc sinh 9i6i V^t l» 11. tjp 1 - Nquygn PhO Bflng
Ta c6: B = B,+ 3^+ = B,3+ B, h

iam u - n g t i r d o I s g a y r a t a i M : B2 = 2.10-'.-^
-7 =2.10
, . - 7 '. I
2x
- Cam lifng tif do I, gay ra tai M: I 21
-7 I .-7 I ( 2 > - - ® ^ C^m Ung tCrdo I3 gay ra tai M: B3 = 2.10 = 2.10"^
B, =2.10 =2.10"\ M 0,12-r
- Cam ufng tu" do I2 gay ra tai M: vdi: 8,3 = 8 1 + 8 3 (2)
82 = 2.10 ^ - ^ =2.10~^ Chieu (2)len phu^dng 8,3 ta diTdc: 8,3 = 8,cosa+ Bjcosa = 2BiCosa
T2 0,06 - r MO 2 _
jvlat khae: cosa = 8,3=28,.
- Camij'ngtirdol3gayrataiM:B3 = 2.10"''.-^ =2.10"^
21 VaW a^x^
0,12-r I
^di 8,3 = 82 2.2.10"^ = 2.10^
Vi Bi, B3 cungchieunenBn = B, + B 3 = 2.10"^.I(-+
.-7-1 2 2x
^ 0,12-r )
=> 0 , M =± aVi .
2x 1 aV3
De B = 6 thiB,3 = B2 0 2 . 1 0 " ' ' . I ( - + — - — ) = 2.10"^ ^
^ 2 2 2
a ^ x ^ 2x <=> 4x = a + X =i> X = 3 ^ 3
r 0,12-r' 0,06-r
1 2 Vay: NhiJng diem tren true O2X vuong goc vdi mat phang chufa ba day vdi
<=> 0,12-r + 2r
<=> r-+-0,12-r 0,06-r r(0,12-r) 0,06-r aV3 ,
03M=± ^ • se 8 = 0.
«(0,12 + r).(0,06 - r) = r(0,12 - r) o 7,2.10^^ - 0,06r - r^ = 0,12r - r^
12.16. Mot day dan rat dai du^dc gap lai d giiJa thanh
«0,18r = 7,2.10'=^r = 0,04m = 4cm.
goc vuong nhuf hinh. Trong day dan c6 dong dien
Vay: Diem M tren diTcJng thang song song vdfi 3 day, trong khoang day 1 va 2,
4 = 20A di qua. Xac dinh vectd cam i^ng tif B do
each day giffa 2em (each day 1 la 4cm).
day gay ra tai A each O doan a = 2cm, tren
12,15. Ba dong dien thdng song song nhiT hinh
du'dng keo dai cua mot canh day nhiT hinh ve. o
ve: I, = I3 = I, I, = - , O1O2 = O2O3 = a,
B a i giai
2
dong I2 ngi/dc chieu vdi I,, I3. I, - ,Cam ling tif gay ra bdi dong dien chay
Tim tren true O2X vuong goe vdi mat 0 | 0- ®-- eIrong doan day dan thang:
phang ehiJa ba day nhilng diem eo B = 0. | B = i!:oi(^QgO,+cos6,)
B a i giai O
^ Tij- trirdng tai A chi do 1 eanh goc vuong gay ra, con tCr triTdng do doan day
Goi M la diem tren O2X ed cam ijng tif tong hdp b^ng khong, ta c6:
dan thang gay nen tai mot diem tren true eua day la bhng khong.
B = Bj+Bj+B, = B,3+B^ = 0 Theo quy tic nim tay phai," B hiTdng ra tru-dc, vuong goc vdi mat phdng hinh
=^B,3 = -B2 (1) Ve. Ta c6: 6, = 0, 62 = - => 8 = 10'^—-(cosO + c o s - ) = 10"^T , ^
- Cam ling tCr do I| gay ra tai M:
y: Vectd cam ilng tif 8 do day gay ra tai A c6 do Idn 8 = 10"^, hiTdng tCr
B, = 2.10 7 I. =2.10"'.
_
(vdi X = O2M)
ia sau ra phia trufde.
375
B6i dii3ng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyen Pliu Oouti Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vijt
12.17. Mot hinh thoi lam bhng day dan dong chat, tie't dien
TiT triTdng do canh A B gay ra d O: B^^ = ^ ^ ^ ( ' ^ ° s a i + cosUj)
deu diTcJc noi vdi mot nguon dien ct xa qua hai day dan
dai nhu'hlnh ve. I
=> B A B = T ^ - 2 c o s a (a, = a 2 = a )
a) Xac dinh cam uTng lit B tai tSm O cua hinh thoi. 471OM
b) Xac djnh hu'dng cua B ne'u nhanh ACB b^ng dong,
2} a' a
nhanh A D B b5ng nhom. Vdi: + O M = V O H ^ + H M ^ = — + =
B a i giai.yyb a ,U nnbi' 4 4 7^
a
a) Cam \ing ttr B tai tarn O cua hinh thoi /yt^t MB
MB 2 _ 2 _ 1
+ cosa =
Tac6:B,,=B,-HB„^,vdi: '^^'^ I^^T '' 'yT^^ ^
OB VoM^MB^ la^ ^ , ^
+ B|^g = 0 : V I nguon d rat xa. " •'•'1'
+ B j = B , + B 2 + B 3 + B 4 = (B,+ B3) + ( B 2 + B 4 ) = 0 .
BAB -
Vay: Bo = 0 .
b) Hu'dng cua B neu nhanh ACB bhng dong, nhanh ADB b^ng nh6m B
Vi dien trd sua't cua dong nho hdn dien trd sua't cua nhom nen RACB < RADB. et BABtheoOy thl: B^^^ = B^g.cosP = B^3COS(90''-M6H)
Do do dong dien qua day dong (day ACB) c6 cu'dng do Idn hdn dong dien
qua day nhom (day ADB), lii do suy ra cam iJng tiT tdng hdp tai O se c6
hi/dng tir phia sau ra phia triTdc.
12.18. Mot hinh lap phiTdng lam bang day dan dong chat, tiet dien deu, hai dinh I Do tinh doi xiTng nen: B, = 4BABy = 4 ^ • '^
doi dien cua hinh hop du'dc noi vdi mot nguon dien cl xa bhng hai day dan dai
C O phi/dng qua tam hinh lap phiTdng. Tinh cam iJng tiT d tam hinh lap phi/dng. TiTdng t./: Ba = B 3 = =^ Bo = J B J + B ^ + B ^ = B,^/3 = ^ , r,
B a i giai ^'vo a.. y:>
f/
Vay: Cam ifng tiT d tam hinh lap phiTdng la Bo =
A
/A / i 1
. 7ca
1.19. Ngu-di ta mile vao hai diem bat kl cua mot
G J o vong day dan hai day dan th^ng dai hu'dng theo
E 6 H phu'dng ban kinh cua vong day. Hai dau cua hai
De ddn gian, ta c6 the xem trong mot canh khong c6 dong dien se ti/dng day dan th^ng du'dc no'i vao nguon dien d xa.
diTdng nhiT c6 2 dong dien c6 ciTdng dp ngiTdc chieu di qua canh do. Tinh cam Ung tCr d tam vong day.
TiT hinh ve, ta tha'y se c6 3 mat cua hinh lap phiTdng c6 dong dien ciTdng B a i giai
chay qua. Do do tiT truTdng do 3 mat gay ra d tam O la: B = B,+B2+B3 VI O nam tren true cua 2 day dan thang A M va B N nen tiT triTdng do chiing
gay ra tai O deu bhng khong.
( B , , B2, B3 Ian liTdt la cac vectd cam ilng tiT gay ra tai O bdi cdc mSt A E F ^ '
TiT tru'dng do 2 phan AEB va AFB cua vong day tron gay ra tai O c6:
FEHG, ADHE).
+ Phufdng: vuong goc vdi vong day.
Xet Bi = BAB+BEF+BFB+BAE
+ B, do AEB gay ra hiTdng tiT sau ra triTdc mSt ph^ng hinh ve, c6n B2
376 AFB gay ra hiTdng hiTdng tiT triTdc ra sau mat phdng hinh ve. 377
B6i du8nq hgc sinh giai Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
Cty TMHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
- Tir trirdng tong hdp tai O: B = B,+B2 ^ B = B a i giai

M
Xa chia dong dien ra cac phan
vdi: B, = 2 7 t . l O - ^ ^ . - i i - = — . 1 , 1 ,
ti( I d l . M o i phan tijr nay gay ra
|tai M tCr trutfng ma vectd cam -<iB,
R, iJng tijrdB CO gia t r j :
^0 MlsinO
10-' u,„s 471 r

10-' U^BS
ndn B , =
i,4 l.> P'l r ^ V i dl va r vuong goc nhau nen sinO = 1.
10-' U,„S
, dB CO phUdng vuong goc vdi mat phang chifa d l va r tiJc 1^ n^m trong mat
- TUdng tir: B , = A B ^ =_ B , .
phang chila O M va r , eo chieu xac djnh bhng quy t^c van niit chai.
P
, Xet 2 phan tiJT dong d i e n l d l i va I d h ed cung dp Idn dat do'i xu'ng nhau qua
V a y : B = B i - B 2 = 0.
tam O, ta thay vectd cam ufng tiJf do chiing gay ra tai M la d B i va dB2nam
12.20. D a y dan dai v6 han c6 mot doan uo'n hinh _
nuTa dirdng tron ban k i n h R nhiT hinh ve. tren cung mot mat phang d o i xu'ng vdi nhau qua true O M , c6 gia tri nhuf nhau,
fO
Xac djnh B d tam O cua nuTa di/dng tron. do do vectd cam tJng tiT tdng hdp ( d B i + d B i ) c6 phUdng O M .
B a i giai - L i luan tifdng tiT bKng each xet tiTng cap phan tuf dong d i e n doi xufng v d i nhau
- Tuf trurdng tdng hcJp tai O: B = B j + B j + B ^ . qua tam O, ta thay vectd cam li'ng tiT toan phan do dong dien tron gay ra tai
M la vectd c6 phu'dng trimg vdi true O M . NhU' vay cam iJng tiT B cua ca dong
V I B i , B 2 , B 3 cung chieu nen B vuong goc vdi m5t ph^ng day, hiTdng ra
,dien bKng tdng cac thanh phan dB theo phu'dng O M .
sau mat phang hinh ve.
t dB„ = dBeosp = ^ B = fdB„ = ^ fd
dl
- C a m iJng tuT do nuTa day dSn dai v6 han gay ra: B = —.^^sina. ' 47C ( 4n.r^
4n
(vdi L = 27tR: chu vi dong dien tron).
: Vi: ALsina = r => B , = B , = I 1 îoI.27tR^ _
R
f V d i cosp = - = B =
- Cam uTng tuf do nufa vong tr6n day ra: V R^+x^
I |Vay: Vectd cam iJug ttr d d i e m M tren true cua mot dong dien tron c6 phiTdng
I B , =-.271.10-'.-=71.10-'.-=
2 R R 4R [vuong goc v d i mat ph^ng vong day, c6 hiTdng ra xa vong day v^ c6 dp Idn
- Cam ufngtCr tdng h d p d O : B = B i + B2 + B3 ÔIR2
2(R2+X^)^/^ '
• 471 • R 4R 27tR 4R
V a y : Cam tfng tCr B d tam O cua niJa diTdng tron c6 hurdng tif trirdc ra sau, c6
do Idn B = HQIC-
27tR 4R
12.21. T i m vectcf cam li'ng tiJf d mot d i e m tren true cua mot dong dien tron, each
tam dong dien doan x. CiTdng dp dong dien la I , ban kinh la R.
378 379
B6i diiSng hpc sinh gi6i V$l ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Chieu: Tuan theo quy t^c "B^n tay trai": chieu ngdn cii choai ra neu q > 0
Chuxen de 13: LUTC TOr va nguWc lai neu q < 0. vtti .M-r •
Dp Idn: F = IqlvBsina (a = [v, B]).
A. T 6 M T A T K I E N THlfC ' '
f 1. Ltfc tijf tac dung len myt doan day dSn mang dong di^n dat trong ISHIJNG C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P . .
tri/c/ng deu: Life tiT F do tif tru'dng B tac dung len doan day dan thang; Xac djnh liTc tif tac dung len mot doan day dan cd ddng dien chay qua: Chii y
CO dong dien I chay qua c6: xac dinh dung chieu (theo quy tac "Ban tay trai") va dp Idn (chii y xac djnh
- Diem dat: Tai trung diem doan day. diing gdc a giiJa B va I ) . Ke't hdp vdi viec suf dung djnh luat II Niu-tdn va
- PhU'cfng: Vuong goc vdi mat phdng (B , /). tieu kien can bang khi giai quyet cac bai toan ve chuyen dpng va can b^ng
- Chieu: Tuan theo quy tac "Ban tay ^ ;ua doan day dan.
trai": Dat ban tay trdi dual thang sua
cho cac dUcyng cam ling tU dam vao _ :ac dinh life tUdng tac giila hai day dan thang song song cd dong dien chay
long ban tay, chieu tit cd tay den cac qua: Chu y cac dac diem ve chieu (hut, day) va dp Idn life tdc dung len mot
ngon tay chl chieu dong dien thi [doan day dan. Ket hdp vdi phep tong hdp life khi cd nhieu dSy dan song song
chieu ciia ngon cdi chodi ra chl chieu lang dong dien tu'dng tac nhau.
cua luc tif. ac dinh life tif tdc dung len khung day cd ddng dien: Chu y xdc dinh dung
' ' - Dp Idn: F = BI/sina (a = [B,I]) jdc a giffa phap tuye'n ii va B trong cong thilc tinh momen ngau life tif. Ket
hdp vdi dieu kien can bang ciia vat ran ( E M = 0) khi giai quyet cac bai toan
2. L\ic txidng tac tH giffa hai dSy dan thang ve can b^ng va chuyen dpng quay cua khung day.
song song c6 dong di^n chay qua: Xac djnh life tif tac dung len dien tich chuyen dpng (life Lorenxd): Chii y cdc
Li/c tif tac dung len mot doan day dan c6 chieu dai / c6: dac diem ve chieu khi ap dung quy tac "Ban tay trai" khi q > 0, q < 0 va dp
- Diem dat: Tren cac day dan. Idn cua life Lorenxd (gdc a giffa v va B). Trifdng hdp dien tich chi chiu tac
- PhU'Png: Vuong goc vdi hai day dan trong mat dung cua life Lorenxd thi nd se chuyen dpng tron deu vdi ban kinh:
phSng chiJa hai day dan. mv va. chuu ki i ^TT= 2jcm
- Chieu: Life hut neu hai dong dien cClng chieu; life R =
IqlB IqlB
day ne'u hai dong dien ngiTpc chieu.
- Dp Idn: F = 2 . 1 0 ' . ^ . ! (d la khoang cdch giila cAc BAI Tyip LVC Tir
hai day dan). d L ^ C T t / T A G DVNG L E N DOAN D A Y DAN THANG
3. Lufc tuT tac dung len khung dSy dan kin co dong di^n: Momen cua ngau i.L Doan day dan / cd dong dien I di qua dat trong tif trifdng deu B nhif cdc
liTc tif tac dung len khung day kin cd dong dien chay qua: hinh ve sau: _ 1
M = IBSsina ( a = [ti, B], S la dien tich khung day)
4. Li/c tuf tac dung ISn hat mang di^n chuyfe'n dpng: Life tCf tdc dung 1^"
hat mang dien tich q chuyen dpng vdi van toe v trong tif tri/dng (•'/''
Lorenxd)cd: Doan day dan va cac vectd difdc ve n^m trong mat ph^ng hinh ve.
- Diem dat: Tren dien tich.
a) 1B = 0,02T, I = 2A, / = 5cm, a = 30°. Tim F . >
- PhUdng: Vuong goc vdi mat phang (v, B). b) ]B^, 0,03T. / = 10cm, F = 0,06N, p = 45°. Tim I, phifdng, chilu cua F .
381
380
uiy I i v i II I i f i I V u
c) B thdngdu'ng, I = 5 A , / = 10cm, F = 0 , 0 I N . T i m B . B a i giai

d) B ^ 0 , 1 = 3 A , 1 = 15cm, F = O . T i m B.
Baigiai
a) Lire tiJf tac dung len doan day dien thang:
F = B l l s i n a = 0,02.2.0,05.sin30" = 10"^N
*' Theo quy tic ban tay trai, F hiTdng lit tren xuong.
b) T a c o : F = B l l s i n a (1) (2)
F 0,06
1= = 28,3A
Blsina 0,03.0, l.sin45"
sn. Theo quy tac ban tay trai, F hiTdng len tren.
c) T a c 6 : F = B l l s i n a . + + +
F 0,01
B = = 0,02T + + +
Ilsina 5.0,1
(5)
(4)
- Theo quy tic ban tay trai, B hiTdng len tren.
V a y : (1): hiTdng len; (2): hiTdng qua phai.
d) Ta c6: F = B l l s i n a
I (3): hiTdng tuT triTdc ra sau; (4): hi/dng qua phai; (5): hifdng len. ^
V d i : F = 0,B;^ 0 => sina = 0 => a = 0° . l3.3. Hai thanh ray nam ngang, song song va each nhau / = 10cm dat trong tilf
V a y : B hiTdng doc theo day, do Idn bat k i . trirdng deu B thang dufng, B = 0,1T. M o t thanh k i m loai dat tren ray vuong
13.2. M o t day dan c6 dong dien chay qua dat trong mot tii trurdng deu nhir hmh g6c vdi ray. N o i ray v d i nguon dien E = 12V, r = I Q , d i e n trd thanh k i m loai,
Trong hinh (1), (2) day dan vuong goc vdi mat phang hinh ve. Trong h m h (3) ray va day noi R = 5Q. T i m life tiT tac dung len thanh k i m l o a i .
day dan song song vdi mat ph^ng hinh ve. Trong hinh (4), (5) tif trirdng B B a i giai
vuong goc mat ph^ng hmh ve. Trong tifng tru^cfng hdp, hay xac djnh hifdng Cirdng do dong dien chay qua thanh k i m loai:
A/
cua life tii tac dung len day dan.
1
E 12
1 = = 2A
R+r 5+1
e' Lire tiT tac dung len thanh k i m l o a i :
S
F = B l l s i n a = 0,1.2.0,1 = 0 , 0 2 N
tB
V a y : Lire tCr tde dung len thanh k i m loai la 0,02N.
(1) J.4. M o t day dan th^ng M N chieu dai /, khoi

(2) (3)
liTdng cua mot ddn v i dai eua day la D =
0,04kg/m. Day diTdc treo bang hai day dan nhe © B
B0 . . . + + + B thang dtj-ng va dat trong tii trufdng deu c6 B
vuong goc v d i mat phang chiJa M N va day treo,
+ + N
B = 0,04T. Cho dong dien I qua day. M
+ + + D j n h chieu va do Idn cua I de lire c&ng cua cac day treo bhng khong.
+ + + Cho M N = 25cm, I = 16A CO chieu tir N den M .

(4) (5) Tinh lire cang cua moi day.
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uui UUUII!} mm mini giUI V j l ly n , t j p 1 - NguygtTPlurDgng" Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Baigiai B.n.Il 0,002.200.0,5.0,1

a) Chieu va do Idn cua I mg = B.n.Il.sina => m = = 2 . 1 0 - \ = 2g
g 10 iAu.
- De lUc cang cua day treo bhng khong thi trpng li/c va liTc tit tac dung len da
!^y: De can thing bang phai bdt d dia can ben kia mot khoi li/dng 2g.
dSn thang M N phai bang nhau va liTc tif phai hU'dng len tren. Theo quy tj'^,
Thiet lap thi nghiem nhiT hinh ve, khung
ban tay trai thi cUcJng dp dong dien I phai c6 chieu tiJf M den N :
igy gom 100 vong, canh a = 5cm. Cho
P+F = 0 F=P o Bllsina = mg
'ddng dien I = 5A chay qua khung day, d
Dg 0,04.10 la can ben kia dat qua can m de can thang
c^BIl =Dlg=>I = = lOA
B 0,04 ng. Sau do ngiTdi ta quay nam cham 180°
Vay: Dong dien I phai c6 chieu tiC M den N va c6 dp Idn I = lOA. ^ doi chieu tiT triTdng thi phai them v i o
b) Life cSng cua moi day J i a can ben kia 200g can mdi trd lai thing
Li/c ttr tac dung len M N : / B ^ n g . Tinh cam ling tif cua nam cham. -
F = Bllsina = 0,04.16.0,25 = 0,16N • Bai giai
©B
Khi M N nlm can bang thi: F + P + 2 1 = 0 Jfcdc life tac dung vao khung day:
Chieu (1) len phiTdng cua P: F + P - 2T = 0 Trpng life P cua khung day. 70
^ F + P ^ 0.16 + D i g ^ 0,16 + 0,04.0,25.10 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M N Li/c tiT F tac dung vao canh difdi cua khung. >
2 2 2 ' K t i c dau, life F hifdng len nen dieu kien can bing cua thanh la: '
" V a y : L i r c c 3 n g c u a m 6 i d a y l a T = 0,13N. • Tn,g = P-B.nI.a (1)
13.5. Mot khung day dan hinh vuong canh a = Chi quay nam cham 180°, liTc tu" F hU'dng xuong du'di nen dieu kien can b^ng
• 10cm c6 n = 200 v6ng day. Khung diTdc 1 s
:ua thanh la:
treo th^ng durng di/di mot dia can. Canh
m, + 0,2)g = P + B.nl.a (2)
di/di cua khung nKm ngang trong tif trifdng f 0,2g 0,2.10
deu cua nam cham chu" U va vuong gdc vdi i Lay (2) triT (1) ta di/dc: 0,2g = 2B.nLa = ^ = 2.100.5.0.05 = 0.04T
ij diTdng cam iJng nhif hmh ve. Sau khi thie't J
Vay: Cam uTng tiT cua nam cham la 0.04T. 1 ^ ^ . / f.v
lap can b^ng cho cdc dia can, ngi/di ta cho t
13.7. Mot day dan la nuTa di/dng tron ban kinh 10cm c6 dong I = 5A di qua. Day
dong dien c6 cu'dng dp I = 0,5A qua khung. *
dat trong mat phing vuong goc vdi B cua mot tiT trufdng deu, B =0,1T. Tim
Biet cam tfng tijf ciia nam cham B = 0,002T. Hoi phai them hay bdt d dia can
ben kia mot khoi lifdng bao nhieu de can thing b^ng? lire tiT F t i c dung len day.
Bai giai Bai giai

- C^c Ii/c tdc dung vho khung day: fchia nufa vong tron AB thanh hinh bac thang nhiThinh ve:
Tong life tac dung len cac canh song song vdi A B :
+ Trpng life P cua khung day (hi/dng xudng).
F = 2ÎB.A1 = BIl (c6 phiTdng vuong goc vdi AB)
+ Life tCr F tac dung vô canh du'di cua khung (hi/dng len) v^:
F = B.(nI)l.sina. Cac life tac dung len cac canh vuong goc vdi AB tiTng c i p
B
mot triet tieu nhau nen life tiT tac dung len day dan cong
- De can thing b^ng thi phai bdt d dia can ben kia mot kh6'i li/dng sao cho
,AB va day dan thdng ARdeu la:
trpng lufdng cua n6 b^ng li/c tuf F: P = F. ^ , , . ^
^ = B I / = B . U R = 0,1.5.0,2 = 0, I N
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B6i duSng hpc sinli gi6i vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DV\ '• KII.HM;
13.8. M o t day dan c6 dong dien chay qua nam trong mat phang vuong goc 1,10. M o t thanh dan dien du'dc treo nam ngang tren hai day dan nhe thang
vectd cdm iJng tif ciia mot tCr triTdng deu. duTng. Thanh dat trong mot tii tru'dng deu, vectcf cam iJng tif thSng dufng hudng
ChtJng minh rang li/c tac dung len mot doan day nhm giiJa hai d i e m c6' (j j x u o ' n g va cd do Idn B = I T .
, khong phu thuoc vao hinh dang cua doan day do. Ijhanh cd chieu dai / = 0,2m, khoi lifdng = lOg, day dan cd chieu dai /i = 0,1m.
B a i giai H ^ ^ e vao cac d i e m giCf cac day dan mot tu C = 100 jiF difdc tieh dien tdi hieu
Chia day dan cong A B thanh hinh bac thang nhu: hinh ve: ® i Blien the U = lOOV. Cho tu phdng dien. Coi ring qua trinh phdng dien xay ra
- Tong li/c tac dung len cac canh song song vdi A B : •pong thdi gian rat ngan, thanh ehifa kjp r d i vj t r i can bang ma chi nhan difcJc
F = ^ I B . A 1 = B I l (c6 phi/dng vuong goc vdi A B ) ^•
B plheo phifdng ngang mot dong lifdng p nao do. T i n h van toe thanh khi r d i vi tri
- Cac life tac dung len cac canh vuong gdc vdi A B tufng cap m o t triet tieu nha pan bang va gdc lech cifc dai cua day khoi vj tri can b^ng.
nen life tif tac dung l e n day dan cong A B va day dan thang A B la BU. B a i giai
V a y : Life tac dung len mot doan day nhm giifa 2 d i e m co dinh khong pi^ f ' •'
thuoc vao hinh dang cua doan day do. a
\
13.9, Doan day dan A B c6 chieu dai / = 20em khoi lifdng m = lOg difdc treo nam .M
ngang trong mot tif trifdng deu cd veetd cam ifng tif thang duTng. H a i day treo
thang dufng, manh va nhe, chieu dai m o i day / = 40em.
. Cho dong dien I = 2 A qua day A B , A B bi day lech sang mot ben v^ cd vi tri
If
' can b^ng khi day treo lech gdc a = 30°. Life tif tac dung len doan day eung cap cho day mot gia toe a, vdi:
Tinh do Idn cam iJng tiJf B va van toe A B d vj t r i can bang. B o qua m o i ma sat Aq Av
F-BI/ = m a o B ^ l=m o B q l = mv
va life can cua m o i trifdng.
At t
B a i giai
- M = B C U l ^ 1.100.10-^100.0,2 ^ Q 2 m/s
=> V
I m m 0,01 / :' :
^ l e o djnh luat bao toan cd nang, vdi goc the nSng d A ta cd:
0,2'
WA = WB O
mv = mgl{ 1 - COSOQ) COSUQ = 1 - = 1- = 0,98
2gl 2.10.0,1'
P'i',
- Cac life tac dung l e n doan day A B : P, F , hai life cSng day T . ^> a, = 12^
V a y : V a n toe ciia thanh khi r d i v i t r i can bhng la 0,2 (m/s) va gdc lech eifc dai
Doan day A B can b^ng nen: P + F + 2 1 = 6 .
cua day khoi v i t r i can bang la 12°.
X e t mat cat ngang cua doan day, ta cd:
f 3 . l l . Trong hinh ve, A B la mot thanh kirn loai chieu dai 1 = 10cm cd dong dien
F BIl mg.tana ^ 0,01.10.tan30" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
tana = — = —
P mg II 2.0,2
! l a y cho biet phifdng hifdng va A —>
Theo djnh luat bao loan cd nSng, vdi goc the nSng d A ta cd: >
do Idn cua life tiJf dat l e n A B se ^
I
,.2
mv = m g l ( l - c o s a Q ) bien thien nhif the nao k h i thanh
1 —*
WA = Wn O B
/
quay d i 180° t i f v i t r i ban dau >
=> V = ^ 2 g l ( l - c o s a o ) = ^ 2 - 1 0 . 0 , 4 ( 1 - c o s 3 0 ° ) * 1,1 m/s. theo hai each: —>
iÂB quay trong mat p h l n g cua hinh ve.

V a y : D o Idn c a m ifng tijf B = 0,14T; van toe A B d vj t r i can bKng ]h\=\A^^
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Bfii diflng hpc sinh gi6i Vjl ly 11. tap 1 - IMguygn Phu D6ng
I.yC T U O N G TAC G I O A C A C D A Y D A I \G S O N G MANG D O N G
b) AB quay trong mat ph^ng vuong goc vdi hinh ve.
Bai giai PIEN
LUc tir tac dung len thanh khi thanh chUa quay: ,13. Ba day dan thang, dai dat song song trong cung
F = BIl.sina = 0,03.5.0,1.1 =0,015N inpt mat phang thang dufng cd khoang each a = 5cm
a) Khi AB quay trong mat phang cua hinh ve j\M hinh. Day thi? nha't va thu" ba di/de giu" co dinh,
I3
- Khi thanh chiTa quay life tii hi/dng len tren theo phi/dng vuong goc vdi hlnj, ted dong I i = 213 = 4A di qua nhiThinh ve. Day thiJhai
> t « ve,dpldnla0,015N. jjtir do, CO dong I2 = 5A di qua. Tim chieu di chuyen
Iciia day hai va liTc tac dung len 1 met day hai khi no .n- l2
- Khi thanh quay tif 0 den 90° trong mat phang hinh ve, dp Idn cua liTc tii g\^^
ttr 0,015 xuong 0 (khi thanh quay du^dc 90°). •>^t dau chuyen dong neu I2 cd chieu:
- Khi thanh quay lii 90° den 180°, dp Idn cua life tif tSng tCf 0 den 0,015, khi mi len. b) Di xuong. '>"•>''- '
quay dufdc 180° liTc tijf hu'dng xuong di/di theo phiTdng vuong goc vdi hinh vg I Bai giai
CO dp Idn la 0,015N. ^ i f c til tac dung len mot m6t day thiir hai: , s
-7 I , l 2
4.5
b) Khi AB quay trong mat phang vuong gdc vdi hinh ve = 2.10"'' = 8.10"'^N
a 0,05
Khi AB quay trong mat phang vuong gdc vdi hinh ve, dp Idn life ttr khong doi
0,015N, hu'dng len tren vuong gdc vdi hinh ve, sau do doi thanh hiTdng xuong ,-7 hh = 2.10"'' 2.5 = 4.10"-'^N
Do I3 gay ra: F32 =2.10
diTdi. ) 0,05
a
13.12. Mot vong kim loai cd khoi liTdng m, tich dien Q phan bo deu, I5n khong ifc tCr tdng hdp tac dung len mot met day thiif hai: F2 - F,2+F32
tri/dt tren mot mat phang nam ngang each dien va khong ma sit Dat he
\ii2diien:,, •riv •
thong tren vao mot viing tuf trifdng deu, c6 vectd cam ting tiT B vuong goc
F12, F32 ngiTdc chieu nen:
vdi mat phang cua vong kim loai thi life nen cua vong len mat phing nam F3.
ngang giam di mot nufa. Xac dinh van toe cua vong kim loai. 8.10-'*-4.10"^ = 4.10-'*N
'F2 =
F:
Bai giai
ii F j cung chieu vdi Fj2 nen day 'I2
- Xet mot doan nho A A cd dp dai Al tren vanh thi:
thi? hai se di chuyen sang phai.
m Al
+ Kkhoi lufdng doan A A ' la: Am = 27iR
' Khi I2 di xuong: ' ' '
Q.Al ^ 1 F , 2 , F32 ngiTdc chieu nen: " F3.

+ Dien tich doan A A ' la: AQ =
27tR
F2= F,2-F32
8.10"-^-4.10"'* = 4.10"^N
F.
- Khi chiTa dat he thong vao tit tru^dng: N = P. (N la life nen cua v6ng day) ii3
1 'I2
p va F2 cung chieu vdi F,2 nen ^f* •
Khi dat he thong vao tiT triTdng thi:' N = — do cd luTc tuT F : day thi? hai se di chuyen sang trai.
„ Am.g Q.Al ^ 1 m.Al mg 14. Bon day dan thang dai v6 han, nam dpc theo bon canh cua mot lang tru
= > F = AQ.vB = -o——.vB= .g = > v = ^
2KR 2 2nR 2QB diJug, trong khong khi, cd tiet dien thSng la hinh vuong canh a = 2cm. Bon
day dan cung cd dong dien I = 2A chay qua, hai dong theo mot chieu va hai
Vay: Van to'c cua vong kim loai la v = J B ^ . dong theo chieu ngiTdc lai. Hoi phai bo tri cae dong dien the' nao de liTc dien
2QB
ttr dat len moi m6t day la nho nhat, tinh life nho nha't neu tren.
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B6i duSng hoc sinh gi6i V{it ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
Bai giai
- LiTc tCr tac dung len mot m^t day thuf nha't: R a
I I
R a
+ Dolzgay ra: =2.10"^-!-^ ^2A0~\—. De I4 nam can bang thi I4 phai dat d lam tam giac: •
'-^^=2.10-^-
+ D o l j g a y ra: F3, =2.10

+ D o l 4 g a y ra: F^, =2.10 = 2.10''. — .
a a
- Life tiT tong hdp tac dung len mot met day thi? nhat: Fj = F21+ F 3 , + F^j. , Thay (2) v a o ( l ) : L = ^ = I = 5A.
* a IP? . •
- De F| nho nha't thi hdp life cua hai liTc phai ngi/dc chieu vdi liTc thuT ba nen I2
Vay: De he 4 dong dien d trang thai can bang, ta phai dat dong I4 = 5A qua
I4 va I i , I3 ngu'dc chieu nhau.
. T2
I tam tam giac, song song ngu'dc chieu vdi dong dien d cac dinh.
=> F41 + F21 = F' F ' = Fjj V2 = 2.10-^ i. R H U I N Q D A Y C 6 D O I N G D I E N T R O I N G T 0 T R U 6 N G D E U
a 1 I . I 6 . Khung day hinh chiJ nhat kich thu'dc AB = a = 10cm, BC = b = 5cm gom
T2
- V I F , F3, ngu'dc chieu nen Fj = F ' - F 3 j = 2 . 1 0 - ^ - N = 20 vong noi tiep c6 the quay quanh canh AB thang diTng. Khung c6 dong
a 4~2 I = l A di qua moi vong day va dat trong liT tri/dng deu c6 B nam ngang,
o2 (B, n) = 3 0 ° , B = 0,5T. Tinh momen life liT dat len khung.
F, = 2 . 1 0 " ' . ^ = 2,82.10"^N
' 0,02 ^2 liai giai
Vay: De Ii/c tu" nho nhat thl bon dong dien phai xen ke nhaO, Fn,in = 2,82.10 \ . Ta c6: M = NIBS.sina.
13.15. Ba dinh lam giac deu ABC dat ba day dan thang dai vuong goc vdi ABC, => M = 20.1.0,5.0,1.0,05.sin 30° = 2,5.10"' (N.m)
CO cac dong I = 5A cung chieu di qua. Hoi can dat mot dong dien thing dai Vay: Momen liTc tCr dat len khung la
CO dp Idn va hu'dng the nao, d dau de he bon dong dien d trang thai can M = 2,5.10"^ (N.m).
bhng. 17. M p l day dan bang dong, khoi lu-png rieng p , dien lich tiel dien thang S.
Bai giai Day diTdc uon thanh ba canh AB, BC, CD cua mot hinh vuong canh a. Khung
Vi vai tro cua I , , I2,13 nhu" nhau nen de he 4 dong dien d trang thai can bkng, CO the quay quanh mot true n\m ngang 0 0 di qua A, D va dat trong mot tCf
ta chi can xet su" can bSng ciia I3 va I 4 . tru'dng deu B thdng du'ng. Cho dong dien I di qua day, day bi lech, mat
- Life tu" do 1|, I2 tac dung len mot met chieu dai dong I3: j phang day hdp vdi phiTdng thang du'ng mot goc a . Tinh a .
F,3=F23=2.iO-\:^=2.10-^- Bai giai

Cac canh AB, BC, CD deu chiu tac dung cua trong life va liTc tiT:
Vi ( F , 3 , F 2 3 ) = 60"
+ Cac lire FJ^, ^ cung gid, ngu'dc chieu, cung dp Idn nen chiing triet lieu nhau.
F' = 2 . ^ = F , V J
Lire F2 vuong goc vdi BC, cd phi/dng nam ngang tao ra momen doi vdi
- De dong I3 nam can bang thi: +
true quay AD: M2 = F2.LM - BIa(a.cos a ) = Bla^.eos a
+ Trong lire cua ba canh AB, BC, CD c6 phiTdng thing dufng^hirdng xuong
F43 = - F' =:> I4 phai ngu'dc chieu vdi I3 va F43 = F . lam cho khung cd xu hiTdng quay ngu'dc vdi chieu quay do F2 gay ra.
391
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguySn Phu Dfing Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
- Momen cua c a c trong liTc: -6 ,0

IBNSa,, _ 0,1.10--\G, 1.100.40.30.10"^.!
.^1NBS= ^ .a => a = = 12°
Mp = P.AN + P.LR + P.DQ M, 10
,-7
=> Mp = P.(^sina+asina+^sina) = 2Pa.sina 2 ' 2

Cong suat tieu thu cua dien ke: P = RI = p - . I
- Dieu kien can bang cua khung q u a y :
Chieu dai cua day: / = C.N = (40 + 30).2.100 = 14000mm = 14m.
M2 = Mp
(vdi C la chu vi cua khung).
o Bla^.cosa = 2Pa.sina = 2mga.sina
a
tana =
Bla Bla BI
NBS Y
^0
2mg 2pSag 2pSg
-7
14 10 12
, BI P = 1,7.10" f =3.10"'W.
,-6
=> a- arctan( ) (0,1.10-')^ 1 100.0,1.40.30.10
^ 2pSg'
Vay: Goc hdp giffa mat ph^ng day va phUdng thang diJng la a = arctan(—-) Vay: Goc quay a cua khung \k 12° va cong suat tieu thu cua dien ke la 3.10"^W.
2pSg .19. Khung day hinh tam gidc ABC dien tich S c6 dong I di qua. Khung dat
13.18. Mot dien ke tiT dien, khung day c6 dien tich S = a.b = (40.30) mm^ tren trong mot tif tru"cJng deu B , B song song vdi mot canh khung day. Tim
CO qua'n N = 100 vong day dong du'dng kinh d = 0,1mm. Khung du'dc treo nhd momen M cua life tiT tdc dung len khung. f * :; _
mot sdi day ma khi day bi xoa'n mot goc OQ = 1*^ thi xuat hien mot momen
' Baigiai^ ,„,, l,;,,,^,^,^,,, ^ , g
xocCn Mox = lO^^Nm. Khung du'dc dat trong tiT tru'dng cua mot nam cham vTnh
'a cd: M = NIBS.sina (a la gdc hdp bdi B va n )
V cijfu du'dc bo' tri sao cho B luon vuong goc vdi true quay ciia khung va phap
di: N = 1; a = 9 0 ° = > s i n a = 1 . A ^ ' / i v r r i . v
tuyen cua khung, B = 0,1T. Cho dong dien I = 0,1mA chay qua khung. Tinh
:> M = IBS.
goc quay a cua khung va cong suat tieu thy cua dien ke. Biet dien trd sua't
/ay: Momen cua life ti^ tac dung len khung la M = IBS.
cua dong la p = l,7.10"^nm.
aM N A M C H A M D A T TRONG T l / TRl/CfNG I
Baigiai ^ 0 . Mot day dan thang dat nhm ngang song song vdi BQ cua Trai Dat, Bo =
- Khi c6 mot dong dien chay qua khung, life tif tac dung len khung tao ra mot
[2,5.10"'T. DU'di day la mot kim nam cham nho dat song song vdi day each
momen quay M c6 do Idn:
day R = 2cm. Kim cd the quay quanh true thang difng. Tim gdc quay cua kim
M = INBSsinp =BP,„sinp.
25
(vdi p la goc giiJa phap tuyen cua khung va veetd cam iJng tiT; P,„ la momen khi cho dong dien I = 1,4A = -)=^
^3 A qua day.
tCr cua khung). Bai giai
- V i cam ifng tii' vuong goc vdi phap tuyen cua khung nen P = 90° => sinP = • •
- Khi khung quay mot goc a, day treo tac dung len khung mot momen xoati:
.a
a0
- Khung day d vj tri can bling khi momen liTc tiT bhng momen xo^n cua day Tacd:
treo:M = Mx + Tif trifdng eua dong dien tai vj tri dat nam cham hifdng tif ngoai vao trong.
+ Tif trifdng to'ng hdp d kim nam cham g6m tif trifdng Trai Dat va tif trifdng
I dong dien:
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5i d U B n g h p c s i n h g i 6 i V $ t ly 1 1 . I j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty T N H H M T V D V V H K h a n g Vi?',
B = Bo+B, 5,23. Vong day dSn tron dat thing difng, song song vdi BQ cua Trai Dat. Tai
+ Khi can b^ng kim nam cham c6 phifdng cua B . I tSm vong day treo mot kim nam cham nho. Khi cho dong I qua vong day, kim
2^ I quay goc a - 30°. Hoi phai quay vong day quanh true thing diJng qua tarn
S I mot goc p bao nhieu de kim nam cham lai nam trong mat phang vong day.
.-7 I -7
2.10-''^ 2.10"'.
B, 2.10"^ _ _L Bai giai
r _ a = 300
+ TCr hinh ve, ta c6: tana =—i- =
o 2,5.10 f Ban dau kim nam cham lech vdi phu'dng cua BQ mot goc a vdi:
Vay: Goc quay cua kim la a = 30^. B, B
tana - — (1)
10 B o-
13.21. Mot vong day dan tron ban kinh R = 10cm c6 dong I = 3,2A = — A di
B.
qua. Vong day dat thing diJng song song vdi BQ cua Trai Da't, Bo = 2.10 '^x e sau khi quay khung kim nam cham lai nam trong mat phang vong day thi
Tai tarn vong day, treo mot kim nam cham nho. Tim goc quay ciia kim nam ^tCr truing tdng hdp B phai song song vdi khung day B 1 B j . ,
cham khi ngat dong I . B, .
Bai giai
I Ta c6: sinp = — ( 2 ) 'DOM]/.;
BQ
Goc quay cua kim nam cham khi ngat dong dien:
- Tfir (1) va (2) suy ra: sinP = tana = arcsin(tana) = arcsin(tan30°)« 35°.
10
'ay: Goc ma vong day phai quay la P=:35°. '"''^
27t.l0-^- 2;t.l0-^-'^
_
B,
" I r 01 _ 1 _ • D I E N T I C H C H U Y E N DONG TRONG Ttr TRl/OfNG
r - tana = =1
B -5
o 2.10 l|.24. Hat a chuyen dong trong tiT triTdng c6 cam uTng tCr B = 1,2T theo quy dao
\
•6n CO ban kinh 0,45m. Hay tinh van toe v, chu ki quay T, dong nang W cua
=>a = 45'
\a.t trong lii trUdng va hieu dien the U can thiet da diing de t i n g toe cho hat
Vay: Goc quay cua kim nam cham khi ngat dong I la a = 4 5 ° .
jtru-dc khi di vao tCr tri/dng. Biet hat a la hat nhan nguyen tuf heli c6 khoi
13.22. Mot xolenoit dai / = 20cm gom N = 100 vong n^m ngang trong khong khi,
jliTdng bang 4 Ian kho'i liTdng proton, c6 dien tich +2e, khoi liTdng proton ga'p
true ong vuong g6c v<3i B ^ cua Trai Dat, BQ = 2.10^-'T. Trong long ong c6
840 Ian khoi lUdng electron.
treo mot kim nam cham, khi c6 dong I chay qua xolenoit, kim lech goc a =
Bai giai
45". Tim I . Cho - ^ 0 , 3 2 . Life tijf tac dung len hat a : F = vB.sina = vB ( V I a = 90°)
Bai giai hat chuyen dong theo quy dao tron nen life F dong vai tro la liTc hiTdng tarn:
TiTdng tir nhu-bai 33.3, ta c6: BR

vB = m — = > V =
V
r = ma = m — o
R R m
4;r.l0-^Î
_ Bj _ 4n.l0"^nl N ; Trong do: q = +2e = 2.1,6.10"'' = 3,2.lO'^C; m = 4mp = 4.1840me
tana = vdi n = — . o tana =
Bo B. / B. |=> m = 4.1840.9,1.10"^' =6,6976.10""kg. m o/
0
^ BQ.tana 2.10.tan45'
= « 0,032A = 32mA. k = . v = M d O : ; ! i a-27« » 2 , 6 . 1 0 '
6,6976.10
4..10-.^ 4..10-.1°^
/ 0,2 27rR 2.3,14.0,45^^^^^^,7^
-hu ki: T =
Vay: CuTcIng do dong dien qua xolenoit la I = 32mA. 2,6.10^
395
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B6i diiSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KIKUKI ViOt
- Dong nang: Giai doan 1: chuyen dpng diTdi tac dung cua liTc tCr trong khoang chieu dai /,.
Giai doan 2: chuyen dpng thang theo phiTPng cua vectP van toe ngay sau khi
W = - m v ^ = -.6,6976.10"".(2,6.10^)2 = 2,26. lO'^J = 14. lO'eV = 14 MeV,
di het chieu d a i / i - ; .
(Liruy: l e V - 1,6.10"''^J) ng giai doan 1: 0 =A /

> X
- Ap dung dinh li dong nang ta c6: AWj = A . , Vx = Vox = Vo (1)
Vy = Voy + at, = 0 + atl (2)
W
• W - 0 = qU::> U = Xl = Vot, (3)
q 2.e
13.25. Electron chuyen dpng trong mot tCf trUdng deu c6 cam uTng tCf B. Tai th5i ia^^ (4)
2
diem ban dau electron d diem O va van toe cua no vuong goc B . Tim
Thay (3) vao (4), ta di/pc:
khoang each tiT O de'n electron tai thdi diem t. Khoi lu'Png m, dien tich e va
xf 1 F xf F^
van toe V cua electron coi nhiT da biet.
Bai giai
- V i van toe v vuong goc vdi B nen hat chuyen dpng theo quy dao tron vdi 2W
vdi F= VoB.sin90° = V Q B ; Vo = — (do W = —mv„) va X; = /,
, , ,, , „ mv ^ i , v eB ~ m 2 "
Bl 2
ban kmh: R = va tan so goc: co = — = — .
eB ^ R m 1 Bl 1
(5)
- Tif do, g6c ma ban kinh noi tCf tarn den hat 2 jm 2 V2mW
eB m
quay diTpc trong thdi gian t la: cp = cot = m
m Vectd van toe cua electron tai diem vifa ra khoi tiJr tru'dng hdp vdi phU'dng
Ta c6: OH = 201 = 2R.sin^ = — . s i n ( — . t ) ngangmptgoc a vdi:

eB 2m
X,
Vay: Khoang each tif O den electron tai thdi diem t la: / = - ^ ^ . s i n C — . t ) . a.-
V at, VQ _ axj _ a/,
eB 2m tana = = —J- = (6)
13.26. Trong o'ng phong dien tuT ciia may thu ^0
v6 tuyen truyen hinh, electron thoat ra tCf ong giai doan 2: '4
catot K diTpc tang toe va thoat khoi anot ^ _ y2
Ta c6: tana = (7)
A vdi nSng liTpng W = 3keV. Sau do
electron di vao tijf triTdng B cua mot
v.B
cupn day: B vuong goc vdi phUdng ban B/j/j e B/,/2
dau cua electron, B = 1,6.10^T va tac Tir (6) va (7) suy ra: = - m
rav„ 2W
dung trong khoang chieu d a i / ; = 5cm. m
m
Sau khi ra khoi tiT tru'dng, electron chuyen dpng trong ong trong khoang h *
BV2
30cm roi dap vao man huynh quang. Tinh dp lech x cua electron tren ma"- y2 = (8)
Biet lev = 1,6.10 " j . V2mW
I Tir (5) vk (8), ta cd dp l e c h t h e o phU'dng b a n dau eiia electron khi d e n man
Bai giai
Chuyen dpng cua electron tinh tij" sau khi thoat khoi anot dUdc chia lam 'hinhla:
i
giai doan:
396 397
i dUBng hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng cty TNHH MTV DVV!! Kiiany Viet
Bl B/i /, Vay: Mat do cua electron dan la n = 8,1.10^^ m ^; van toe trung binh chuyen
V2mW 2 dong CO hU'dng cua electron V = 3,1.10^ m/s. ,;
mW V2mW
3,28. May phat dien tif thuy dong (MHD). Tu phang dien tich moi ban la S,
l,6.10~''^.l,6.10'-\0,05
=>x = + « 0,142m = 14,2cm. khoang each giiJa hai ban la d difdc dat trong mot dong plasma dan dien c6
V2.9,1.10"^'.(3.10\l,6.10"''^) dien trd suat p . Plasma chay vdi van toe v khong doi song song hai ban. He
Vay: Do lech cua electron tren man la X = 14,2cm. thong du'dc dat trong tif tru'dng c6 B song song hai ban va vuong goc v . Hai
13.27. Hieu ufng Hall: dong dien I - 20A chay qua mot thanh dong c6 tie't dien ban tu dien no'i vdi mot dien trd R.
hinh chi? nhat, chieu ngang a = 0,5mm, chieu cao h = 10mm. Thanh dong dudc Giai thich tai sao tu dien lai c6 tac dung nhu' mot nguon dien cung cap dong
dat vao mot tuf tru'dng c6 B = IT, B vuong goc vdi canh h va chieu dono dien khong doi cho R. Tinh cong sua't tieu thu cua R.
dien. Khi nay, giiJa hai mat tren va dudi cua thanh dong xuat hien mot hieu Vdi gia trj nao ciia R, cong suat la cifc dai ? Tinh gia tri cifc dai nay ?
dien the U = 3,1.10'^V. Giai thich hien tufdng, tinh mat dp electron dan trong Ap dung so: S = I m ^ d = Im; B = 2T; p = 10"^Qm ; v = lOOOm/s.
dong va van toe trung blnh cua chuyen dong CO hU'dng cua chiing.
Bai giai
Bai giai
Cong suat tieu thu ciia R
Giai thich hien tu'dng:
Giai thich:
+ Trong hinh ve dong dien c6 chieu tif
' B Vi dong plasma dan dien nen khi
trifdc ra sau, nen van toe v ctia electron
chuyen dong trong tif tru'dng B thi se
dan hU'dng tiT sau ra tru'dc (ngU'dc chieu
chiu tac dung ctia life tif.
dong dien). < >
. a
+ V i electron chuyen dong trong tif tru'dng B nen se chju tac dung life tif. Theo
quy t^c ban tay trai ap dung cho hat mang dien am, life tac dung len V i van to'c v cua dong plasma vuong goc vdi B nen life tif tac dung len dong
electron se hU'dng xuong. Do do, sau mot thdi gian, phan du'di cua thanh dong plasma vuong goc vdi cac ban tu. Du'di tac dung cua life tif nay dan den sir
tich dien am con phan tren tich dien du'dng, khi nay giiJa mat tren va mat phan bo dien tich trai dau tren hai ban cua tu. Khi noi hai ban tu vdi dien trd
difdi cua thanh dong xuat hien mot dien tru'dng c6 chieu tif tren xuong. Khi R thi se CO dong dien qua R, khi do tu dien dong vai tro nhU' mot nguon dien.
thdi gian tang len thi cifdng do dien tru'dng nay cung tSng, den liic life dien Tinh cong suat tieu thu tren R:
tru'dng tac dung len electron can bang vdi life tif tac dung len electron thi la Tacd: P = I^R (1)
difdc mot hieu dien the xac dinh la U. E
vdi 1= (2)
+ Theo tren ta c6: Fd = F, <=> E = vB.sina. R+R.
U (R,: la dien trd cua phan plasma nam trong khong gian giifa hai ban cua tu; E:
o E = vB.sina o — = vB.sina
h la suat dien dong).
U 3,1.10"
V = = 3,1.10"^m/s Tacd: R, = p . - (3)
hB.sina l0.10"^l.sin90^
Mat khac, ta c6: i = — = env . vaE=-

S
20 ,28„-3
(vdi q la dien tich cua dong plasma; A la cong cua life dien lam di chuyen q
=> n = = S.l.lO^'^m
Sev 0,5.10"^ 10.10'l 1,6.10~'^3,1.10"* tif ban nay sang ban kia cua tu). ; ^ ;
398 399
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5i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng 1 Cty TNHH MTV DVVii Kh^mo V-pt
A = Fd = qvBd; E = vBd (4) Tac dung cua life tur len electrdn: , ,- ,
Thay (4) vao (2), ta diTdc: I = — — (5)
j+ Theo V, lam electron chuyen dong tron vdi ban kinh R.
v'B'd' + Theo lam electron chuyen dong thang deu vdi van toe V2 = v.cosa doc
Thay (5) vao (I), ta diTdc: P =
theo phu'dng cua B .
Do tham gia dong thdi hai chuyen dong nen electron chuyen dong theo du^ng
Vay: Cong sua't tieu thu cua R la P = -.R '.'xoKnocvdi: : C \ ) ' ' ^ v ^ , ^^r/v'^tr'
i 1.:
r,' r . f""^! mv.sina x O = ' ' : i * : 5 # ' f c f ^ ' ^ ^ ' u q ; - > ^ ' ' V
b) Xac djnh R de cong sua't P dat ciTc dai Bankmh:R= -= .
v'B'd' t= eB eB
Ta c6: P = .R =^P = P,.„,khi (R + p - ) ^ ^ . '+ BiTdc xoSn: h = V2t, vdi =eBv.cosa; t: bang
eB eB thdi gian electron chuyen
|Vay:dong Quydifdc mot
cuavong tron ban kinh R.xoan 6c vdi ban kinh R = mv.sma
27tR dao27im electron
,
va h =, 1^ di/dng
v.cosa.27rm 27tmv.cosa ' • eB
- Theo bat dang thiJc Co-si, ta c6: R + p - > 2 J R . p - . 27tmv.cosa .
S V S bu'dc xo^n h =
eB
(R + p - ) n , i „ = 2. R . p - khi va chi khi R = p - . b) Cong cua liTc tijT tac dung len electron
v^B^d^ v^B^dS Theo thanh phan '^M"? electron bKng 0 nen cong cua liTc tir
va P = P :heo thanh phan niy b^ng 0. s. ^
4p
" max J Theo thanh phan Vj li/c tilf tac dung len electron khac 0, nhiTng vi electron
- Ap dung so: R =4 IQ-^j p- = 10"^^. ;huyen dong tron theo th^nh phan nay cong cua lire tir tac dung len electron
Tong mot chu ki cung bhng 0. .fc ,
1000^2^1.1 = 10.10^W= i o \ w . Vay: Cong lire tir tac dung len electron bkng 0.
va P.„„„ = Jo. Hai hat nho giong nhau, c6 dien tich q v^ khoi liTdng m, chuyen dong
4.10"
Vay: De P = P,„,„ thi R = 10"^" va P„,ax = !0\W. long thdi tir mot diem theo phiTdng vuong goc vdi vectd cam u'ng tCr B trong
13.29. Mot electron c6 van toe v df vao mot tif tru'dng deu, B hdp vdi v goc a • not tir trirdng deu. Hay bieu dien khoang each giffa hai hat theo thdi gian,
a) Electron chuyen dong theo quy dao the nao? Tinh cac kich thiTdc cua qÔ leu van toe dau cua chiing cung chieu va blng Vj va V2 . Bo qua tiTdng tac
dao do. inh dien giCTa hai hat dien.
b) Tinh cong cua lire ttr tac dung len electrons. s Bai giai
Bai giai id sijf ban dau hai hat cilng d diem O. Sau thdi gian
a) Quy dao cua electron chuyen dong hat thuT nhat den A, hat thu" hai den B.
- Vi vectd v hdp vdi B mot goc a nen ta phan tich v thanh hai thanh phan: 2mv, qB 2mv, . qB ,
^ a c 6 : 0 A = — ! - s i n ( - 2 ^ t ) ; OB = ^sin(^t).
i + V, vuong goc vdi B . qB 2m qB 2m
+ V j song song vdi B . : • I
401
Cty TNHH M Khang Vi^t
B6i duang hoc sinh gi6i Vgt 1;^ 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng
- V i van toe goc cua hat thif nha't va hat thtf hai d i u b i n g nhau va Ichu'ng minh viing tit triTdng d e u c6 the xem nhU' mot "giTdng phan x a " electron
qB [Ta c6: H i e n tU'dng phan xa ifng vdi tru'dng hdp thu" hai 6 cau a. L u c do, du'di
CO = nen trong ciing thdi gian t thi goc quay (j) cua hai bdn k i n h den ic dung cua life Lorenxd, electron chuyen dpng trong vung ttr tru'dng theo
m
nhau (hinh v e ) , suy ra ba d i e m O, A , B nkm tren ciing du'dng t h i n g . l u y dao la m o t cung tron ban kinh R = — . N e u gpi i la goc ma electron
A B = O B - O A = — ( V , - V, )sin(-3?-.t)
qB ^ ' 2m l y vao vting ttr tri/dng, i ' la goc ma electron bay ra k h o i ttr tru'dng thi ta de
|dang chiTng minh dirdc: i ' = i , nghTa la "goc phan x a " bkng "goc t d i " .
V a y : K h o a n g c d c h g i f f a h a i h a t l a : r(t) = — - V j ) s i n ( — . t ) , vdi Vj > < B e day t o i thieu cua vting ttr triTdng ^^ Q
qB 2m Ta thay: Be day t o i thieu cua vting ttr tru'dng
13.31. M o t electron dang bay v d i van toe v thi lot vao m o t tif tru'dng de U c | | CO hien tU'dng phan xa l a : dmin = H K .
vectd cam ufng tii B vuong goc vdi vectd van toe v . d„,in = O K - O H = R - Rsini = R ( l - sini)
a) K h a o sat chuyen dong cua electron noi tren. mv

* dniin — (l-sini) ( i la goc tdi)
b) Chu-ng minh r^ng vung ttr triTdng deu tren c6 the coi nhiT \k m o t "giTcfng phj, eB Hinh b
x a " electron, nghTa la electron bay vao vung tif triTcJng du'di mot "goc tdi" bai | i f: N e u be day cua vung ttr trirdng d < dn,in thi se c6 hien ti/dng "khiic x a "
nhieu thi bay ra k h o i vung tiT v d i "goc phan x a " bay nhieu. Coi cic dieu kie fthiT trirdng hdp c cua cau a. ;• x
de hien tU'dng xay ra dUdc thoa.

c) Thiet lap m o i tuTcJng quan giffa be day to'i thieu ciia vung tii triTcfng vdi v a n t6(
cua electron va goc t d i de c6 hien tuTdng phan x a . iuven de 14: CAM OfNG DIEN TUT
B a i giai
a) K h a o sit chuyen dpng cua electron trong tif trirdng T 6 M T A T K I E N THirC
Co the xay ra 3 tru'dng hdp nhiT sau: 1 . TO thOng: Ttr thong O qua dien tich S dat trong tCf triTdng d e u B dirpc
- N e u vung tuT triTdng du rpng va electron bay vao theo phiTctng phii hdp de ch • xdcdinhbdi: O = BScosa (a = [B,n]) '
quy dao cua electron nam hoan toan trong vung tif tru'dng do thi electron si
2. Djnh lu$t c a m tfng di^n tijf: K h i ttr thong qua m o t mach k i n bien thien thi
chuyen dong theo quy dao tron (hinh a) vdi ban k i n h : R = m v
trong mach k i n se xua't hien dong dien cam u'ng.
eB
- Neu viing tiJf triTdng khong du rpng thi c6 the xay ra hai triTdng hpp: 3. D j n h lu0t L e n x d chieu dong di^n c a m uTng: D o n g dien cam u'ng c6
+ electron sau k h i di mot doan trong tiJf tru'dng se "chui" ra ngoai theo hi/^ni chieu sao cho ttr thong m^ no sinh ra qua mach k i n chong l a i sir bien thien
" p h a n x a " (hinh b). cua ttr thong da sinh ra no.

+ electron sau khi di mot doan trong tCr triTdng se "chui" ra ngoai theo hifcf" 4. SuS't di^n dpng c a m ufng
"khucxa"(hinhc).
- Trong mach k i n : Ec = -
At
(AO) la dp bien thien cua ttr thong trong thdi gian A t ) .
A<D
( N e u mach k i n c6 N vong day t h i : = "'^
- Trong doan day co chieu dai / chuyen dpng v d i v i n toe v trong ttr tri/dng B :
Ec = B/vsina ( a = [ B , v ] ) ... , ,
Hinhb
Hinh a Hinhc
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i duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng CtyTNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
B. NHIJNQ CHIJ Y K H I GIAI BAI T A P Dung dinh luat L e n x d xac djnh chieu dong dien cam iJng trong khung day
~- K h i ap dung dinh luat Lenxcf de xac djnh chieu dong dien can chii y „ - I n trong cac tru-cJng hdp sau:
' triTcJng hcJp cu the: Thanh nam cham rdi den gan khung day, sau do di qua khung day va rdi ra xa
J,, + Ne'u O tang, dong dien cam uTng trong mach Ic se tao ra ttr trudng
Ichung day.
ngiTdc chieu vdi tiT triTdng ban dau B de chong lai sif tang cua <t>. : o n chay cua bien trd R di chuyen sang phai. ^,«, ,
+ N e u <t> giam, dong dien cam iJug trong mach Ic se tao ra tCf trudng g igit khoa K (ban dau dang dong). . S
cung chieu v d i tH tri/dng ban dau B de chong lai s\i giam cua O. Chung day trong tiT tri/cfng ban dau hinh vuong, sau do duTdc kô thanh hinh
Nhu vay, each xac djnh chieu ciia Ic nhiT sau: chOrnhat ngay cang d e t d i . ' ><. = ; .
•• • Xac dinh chieu cua B : De bai cho, dac d i e m tif trifdng cua nam cham, cac iTa khung day ra xa dong dien.
I quy t^c " C a i dinh o'c" xac dinh chieu cua B . ' a m cirdng do dong dien trong xolenoit.
I • Xac dinh xem O tSng hay giam: DiTa vao bieu thiJc O = BScosa .
• Xic dinh chieu cua B^: DiTa vao sir tang, giam cua O.
' j • Xac djnh chieu cua Ic: Theo quy t^c " C a i dinh oc" (hoac quy tac "Nam tay
phai").
- K h i xac djnh sua't dien dong cam ilng, dong dien cam ifng can chu y : K
a- -V-
+ Dung cdc cong thiJc tinh suat dien dong cam ufng trong mach k i n va trong
doan day chuyen dong.
(c)
+ K e t hdp v d i cac cong thlJc ve djnh luat 6 m de xac djnh cac dai liTdng dien
n h i f l , r,...
+ K e t hdp v d i cdc djnh luat N i u - t d n de xac dinh cac dai lu'dng cd hoc nhif v, D
a, s,...
c. cAc BAI T A P V £ C A M C N Q D I $ N TIT
1. D O N G DI|:N CAM ITNG
1 4 . 1 . M o t nam cham di/dc di/a lai gan mot vong hanh nam cham rdi xuong
day dan nhiT hinh ve. H o i dong dien cam tfug — ] i nam cham rdi de'n
trong v6ng c6 chieu nô ? V o n g day se di in khung day thi tiJf
chuyen ve phia nao ?
hong tang, B^ ngi/dc
• •. B a i g i a i
chieu vdi B , dong dien
- K h i diTa nam cham lai gan thi tif thong tang
B ^0 -r- am uTng cd chieu:
nen BQ ngi/dc chieu v d i B . Theo quy t^c
A-^D-^C->B->A. ^
" N ^ m tay p h a i " thi Ic c6 chieu nhiT hmh ve. S _ N y
K h i nam cham di qua khung day va rdi ra xa
- Vi mat ben trai cua vong day la mat B^c ( N )
hung day thi tif thong giam, B,. ciing chieu
nen vong day se bi day, di chuyen ve ben
phai. vdi B, dong dien cam uTng c6 chieu
A-^B->C->DÂ.
405
404
Cty TNHH W T V D W I T K n a n g V i e i
i dii8ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t i p 1 - Nguygn Phu e 6 n g
b) Con chay cua bi6n trd R di chuyen sang phai Hai vong day dan tron ciing ban kinh dat dong
B
Ta cd: TCr triTdng B cua dong dien I cd m, vuong goc nhau, each dien vdi nhau. V 6 n g mot
6 dong dien I di qua. K h i g i a m I , trong vong hai cd
chieu ttf trong ra ngoai. K h i con chay cua
6ng dien cam i?ng khong ? N e u cd, hay xae djnh
bien ltd R di chuyen sang phai = > dien tret
h i e u dong dien cam iJng tren hinh ve.
tang, nen cU'cJng do dong dien I giam, tuf
Bai giai
thong qua khung giam, BQ ciing chieu v d i
'ir trirdng eua dong dien I trong vong day tron 1 ed phU'dng vuong goc vdi
B, dong dien cam lifng c6 chieu: ^ a t phang vong day 1, nghTa la song song v d i mat phang vong day 2. Do vay
A B - > C-> D A .
hi I bien thien thi tiT tru'dng do I gay ra bien thien nhiTng cac du'dng siJe dien
c) Khi ngat khoa K (ban dau K dong): ^
ong song v d i m a t ' p h a n g vong dSy 2 nen tiT thong qua vong day 2 b^ng
- Ban dau K dong, B c6 chieu hU'dng len. khong nen khong cd dong dien cam iifng xuat hien trong vong day 2.
- Trong thdi gian ngat K, dong dien trong
l4.4. Cupn day cd N = 100 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 300cm^ cd true song
. cuon day giam nen cam (Jng tif qua khung
song vdi B cua tir tru'dng deu, B = 0,2T. Quay deu cupn day de sau
1 day A B C D giam => ttf triTdng cam iJng
At = 0,5s, true cua nd vuong gdc v d i B . Tinh suat dien dong cam ilng trung
Bp cDng chieu vdi B => dong dien cam
iinh trong cupn day.
drng Ic CO chieu A->B->C->D->A.
d) K e o khung day thanh hinh chiJ nhat ngay cang det d i NBS.Ccosttj - c o s a j )
)6 Idn cua suat dien dong cam tfng: E =
K h i hai hinh c6 ciing chu vi thi hinh At At
vuong cd dien tich Idn hdn hinh chu" :, ,
,-4
D B. 100.0,2.300.10
nhat. Do do, trong qua trinh keo thi •
' /> = 1,2V
0,5
dien tich cua khung giam dan, dan
V a y : Suat dien dong cam uTng trung binh trong cupn day la E = 1,2V.
den itr thong qua khung giam => ttf
A 1.5. V o n g day dong ( p = l,75.10"*Q.m) di/dng kinh d = 20cm, tiet dien So =
tru'dng cam i^ng B^^ ciing chieu vdi
AB
B => dong dien cam (Jng Ic c6 [Smm^ dat vuong gdc vdi B cua ttr triJdng deu. T i n h dp bien thien — cua
A
chieu A - > B C - > D A .
cam ijfng tiT khi dong dien cam ufng trong vong day la I = 2A.
e) DiCa khung day ra xa dong dien
. Bai giai
K h i du'a khung day ra xa dong dien thi tuf thong giam,
Bat dien dong cam iJng xuat hien trong vong day cd dp Idn:
B(, Cling chieu vdi B , dong dien cam ilng Ic c6 chieu:
©
Be AO A(BS) AB 7id^ AB;;
A - > B ^ C ^ D - > A . D E = = S
At At At 4 At"
f) Giam ci/dng do dong dien trong xolenoit
/ 7td
K h i giam ciTdng dp d6ng dien trong D i e n trd ciia vong day: R = p - = p — .
S HiV I S 3
D
/ /
x o l e n o i t thi tiT thong giam, B^, ciing
Tcd^ AB
chieu v d i B , dong dien cam iJug c6 E 4 _ dS AB
A B Cirdng dp dong dien cam ilng qua vong day: I = — = — Ttd 4p • At
chieu A^D->C->B->A.
.1
406 •••^v-
i duBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
4.8. Vong day dan dien tich S = 100cm^ dien trd R = 0,01 Q quay deu trong tir
At dS 0,2.5.10-^ tru'dng deu B = 0,05T, true quay la mot du'dng kinh cua vong day va vuong goc
AR vdi B . Tim cirdng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong va dien liTpng qua
Vay: Do bien thien cam u^ng tiT trong mot ddn vj thdi gian la = 0,14T/s
tiet dien vong day neu trong thdi gian At = 0,5s, goc a = (n, B) thay ddi tCif 60°
At
14.6. Cuon day N = 1000 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 20cm^ c6 true song song den 90°.
Bai giai
vdi B cua tCr trirdng deu. Tinh do bien thien AB cua cam u^ng tif trong thdj
Sua't dien dong cam li'ng xua't hien trong vong day:
gian At = iO'^s khi c6 suat dien dong cam iJug Ec = lOV trong cuon day.
Bai giai AO BS(cos90°-cos60°) 0,05.100.10"^cos60"
E= = 5.10-V
- Sua't dien dong cam uTng xua't hien trong cuon day c6 dp Idn: At At 0,5
AO AB E.At 10.10"^
E= = NS >AB = = 0,05T 5.10 -4
At At NS 1000.20.10"'* Cu'dng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong day: I = — = = 0,05A
R 0,01
Vay: Dp bien thien AB cua cam (Jng tuf trong thdi gian At = 10"^s la Dien liTdng qua tiet dien vong day: q = It = 0,05.0,5 = 0,025C.
AB = 0,05T. Vay: Cu'dng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong day va dien lu'dng qua
14.7. Cuon day kim loai (p = 2.10"^fi.m ), N = 1000 vong, diTcfng kinh d = 10cm, tiet dien vong day la 0,05A va 0,025C.
tiet dien day S = 0,2mm^ c6 true song song vdi B cua tuf triTdng deu. Tdc do 4.9. Vong day dan dong cha't dat trong tCf tru^dng bie'n thien deu c6 B vuong
AB goc vdi mat phdng vong day.
bien thien — = 0,2T/s. Cho TI « 3,2 . ) Tinh hieu dien the' giQa hai diem bat ki tren vong. ;
At
a) Noi hai dau cuon day vdi mot tu dien C = 1 ^ . Tinh dien tich cQa tu dien. ) Mac vao hai diem ba't ki cua vong mot von ke dien tiT, kim von ke c6 lech
khong ?
b) No'i hai dau cuon day vdi nhau. Tinh ci/dng dp dong cam ifng v^ cong suat
nhiet trong cuon day. Bai giai
) Hieu dien the giffa hai diem bat ki tren vong
Bai giai
Ta c6: Sua't dien dong cam li'ng xua't hien trong cuon day c6 dp Idn: Xet doan day ACB, ta c6: EACB = - ^ . E (E ti le vdi chieu dai day hay ti le
R
AO AB Tcd^ AB 1000.71.0, r
E= = NS = N. -.0,2= 1,6V vdi dien trd day).
At At 4 At 4
Gia sur dong dien c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve, theo djnh luat 6m ta cd:
a) Dien tich cua tu dien: Q = CU = CE = 1.1,6 = 1,6 ^C .
R, R,
UAB = I R A C B - E A C B = - ^ . E - ^ . E =0
b) Cu'dng dp dong cam iJng va. cong sua't nhiet trong cuon day R K
Dien trd cua cuon day: R = p - = p ~ = 2.10"^ TT-O. 1-1000 ^ Vay: Hieu dien thegiffa hai diem ba't ki tren vong la
S S 0,2.10'^ U = 0.
E 1 6 ) Kim von ke c6 lech khong?

Cirdng dp dong cam iJng qua cuon day: I = — = — = 0,05A. Mac du UAB = 0 nhu-ng trong mach van cd dong dien diTpc duy tri bdi triTdng
R 32 lire la. Tren doan mach AB ta cd: Uv = E . Do do khi mac von ke vao hai
Cong sua't nhiet cua cuon day: P = RI^ = 32.0,05^ = 0,08W.
Vay: Cu'dng dp dong cam iJng va cong sua't nhiet trong cuon day la 0,05A diem A va B von ke se bj lech.
0,08W.
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BfiidiJSng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu e6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi$t
14.10. Khung day dan tiet dien deu c6 dang hai nuTa du'dng AO, a B a/2 F
AB
.Sj =kS, =ka2(V)
tron nh\i hinh ve, du'dng kinh d = 40cm, dien trd cua At At ® B ® B
mot ddn vi chieu dai day Ro = 0,5Q/m. Khung day dat E, -
+ Chieu dong dien cam uTng I , : B tang ® R- 1
trong ttr triTcJng deu c6 B vuong goc vdi mat phang , Be
nen B„ ngiTPc chieu vdi B , dong I i
khung. Mot ampe ke' (RA = 0) du'dc m^c no'i tie'p trong ° ^ • D C E
mach nh\i hinh ve. Tinh so chi cua ampe ke neu B thay di ttr A d e n D.
doi theo thdi gian theo quy luat B = Kt, K = 2T/s. + Vdi dong dien I i , Ei tiTdng diTdng vdi nguon cd eye am n6'i vdi A, circ
Baigiai du'dng noi vdi D.

Dien trd Ri la dien trd difdng kinh ciia khung: Xet khung day BCEF: j, ^
R, = dRo = 0,4.0,5 = 0,2a 0Bc AO, AB ka^

+ Suaft dien dong cam uTng E2: = .Si — R.S'i — -(V)
Dien trd R2, R3 la dien trd nuTa du'dng tron: li At At
f + Chieu ddng dien cam tfng I2: B tSng nen Bg ngiTdc chieu vdi B , dong I2
R^ = R3 = y .0,5 = - ^ ^ . 0 , 5 = 0,l7t(Q) I3
di ttr E den F.
= 0,436Q + Vdi dong dien I2, E2 tiTdng diTdng vdi nguon c6 circ am noi vdi E, circ
- 1^+iR: 3^ = 0 ', l 7 r + 0,2 + 0,l7c
Dien trd toan mach: R = R , + R
I difdng noi vdi F.
% Sua't dien dong cam uTng xuat hien trong khung:
Ap dung djnh luat Om cho cac doan mach BC, ta c6:
AO ABS 7td^ 3,14.0,4^ (1)
E = = 2S = 2. = 2. + UBC = - E l + Ii.3ar = - Ijar ^ -Ka^ + Ii.3ar = - Isar.
At At 8 25 Ka^
+ UBC = E2 - l2-2ar = - Isar - I2.2ar = - har. (2)
f + Il=l2+l3 ' (3)

Cirdng dp dong dien qua R2: I , = = = 0,288A.
R AB 0,436 Lay (1) trtf (2): 3arli + 2arl2 = l,5Ka^ (4) ' •;i ••••
The (3) vao (1): 3arli - Ka^ = - (I, - l2).ar

Hieudienthe 2 d a u R i : U , = E - R 2 l 2 = 0,l7i.O,288 = 0,035V. :V;. /
o 4 a r I i - arl2 = Ka^ <^ 8arli - 2arl2 = 2Ka^ (5)
"2/5
, 7Ka
Cirdng do dong dien qua R3: = — = « 0,1 A . Lay (4) cpng (5): 1 larli = 3,5Ka' => Ii =
22r
RT 0,17t
7Ka
Vay: So chi cua ampe ke la 0,1 A. l,5Ka2-3ar— 3^^^
B 372 E Thayl, = ^ v . o ( 4 ) : I , = ^ ^ - ^ ^
14.11. Khung day dan kich thifdc nhiT hinh ve, dat
vuong goc vdi B ciia ttr trirdng deu, B = Kt, , , 7Ka 3Ka Ka
dien trd cua mot ddn vj chieu dai ciia khung Thay l i va I2 vao (3): I3 = I . - 1 3 = — - — = ^
dayiar. 7Ka
ay: +Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhanh trai: I i = IBAC =
^ Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua tirng ph^n cua 22r
>j khung day. Ka
+Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhdnh giuTa: I3 = ICB =
Baigiai 22r"
- Xet khung day ABCD: 3Ka
+Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhanh phai: I2 = ICEB = U r
+ Suat dien dong cam lirng El:
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B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tap 1 - NguySn Phu Dfing D W H Khang
14.12. M o t thanh k i m loai M N nKm ngang c6 D i e n tich tren m o i t u :

TcR^KC TtR^KC.
khd'i li/dng m c6 the triTOt khong ma sat i ^ ; Q 2 = C2U2 = C2E =
Q, = C i U , = C , E =
doc theo hai thanh ray song song, cac ray 2 - " ' ' ' 2
hdp v d i mat phang ngang, goc a. Dau K h i lay thanh dan di r o i sau do giiJ cho ttr tru'dng khong doi tiJc la ta noi 2 ban
d\id\a hai ray noi vdi mot tu dien C. tu CO dien tieh khae da'u vdi nhau, dien tich cua 2 tu bay g i d la Q p Q 2 .
He thong dat trong mot ttr trufdng B thang Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q j + = - Qi •
diJng hu'dng len. Khoang each giffa hai
Q; _ Q2 _ Q'I+Q2 _ Q2-Q1 _ ^ R ' K ( C , - C , )
ray la /. Bo qua dien trcl cua mach. M a t khae: U j = U 2 o
Tinh gia toe chuyen dong cua thanh M N . '1
Bai giai
Qi = ^-77777^ ;Q2=
2 C1+C2 • 2 C,+ C2
- K h i thanh chuyen dong, sua't dien dong cam iJng Ec bang:
V a y : D i e n tieh tren cac ban tu sau khi lay thanh dan d i \h.
Ec = B l v . s i n ( ^ - a ) = Blv.eosa = U(^
TtR^KC, C2 - C , . _ ;cR^KC2 C 2 - C 1
- D i e n tich tren tu d i e n : q = Cuc = CB/v.cos a . Q, =
C1+C2 C1+C2
d
- Cu'dng do dong dien xuat hien trong mach: i = — = CBla.cosa 4.14. M o t eai vong c6 dirdng kinh d, khoi liTdng m v ^ d i e n trd R rdi vao mot tijf
d, triTdng ttr dp cao kha Idn. M a t phang vong luon n ^ m ngang va vuong goc vdi
- Lire tijf tac dung len thanh: F = B i / = CB^/^.cos a . B . T i m van toe r d i deu cua vong ne'u B thay doi theo dp cao h theo quy luat
- Tuf djnh luat I I N i u - t d n , ta c6: Psin a - Fcos a = ma B = Bo(l + a h). Coi gia toe trpng triTdng g la khong d o i va bo qua siJc can
Omg.sina -CB¥a.cos^" = ma <=>a(m + C B ¥ . C O S ^ " ) = mg.sina cua m o i triTdng.
mgsma Bai giai
=> a =
m+CB^/^cosâ K h i vong rdi d e u , dong nang cua vong khong d o i nen dp g i a m the ning cua
mgsma vong bang nhiet li/dng do vong toa ra.
V a y : Gia toe chuyen dong ciia thanh M N la a =
m + CB^/^cosâ AO
Sua't d i e n dong cam ufng xuat hien trong vong: Ec = At
14.13. M o t vong day dan tron ban kinh R c6 mot thanh dan
dat doe theo mot di/dng kinh ehia doi vong day. d giiJa
A(BS) A(Bo(H-ah)-^)_^^ Ah
m o i nijfa vong day c6 mot tu dien, dien dung C i , C2. -.B.a.
At At At
V o n g day dat trong tilf tru'dng deu c6 B vuong goc v d i
mat phang vong day, B thay doi theo quy luat B(t) = K t , Ah
K la mot hang so. T a i mot thdi d i e m nao do ngu'di ta At = V => Ec = — . B n t t . v (v m van t6c rdi deu ciia vong).
lay thanh dan d i r o i sau do gii? cho tiT triTcfng khong d o i . E, Ttd^Bgav
Ci/6ng dp dong d i $ n trong vong: I = - r ^ = — 7 ^ —
T i m d i e n tich tren cac tu sau do.
R 4R
Bai giai . h
Theo dinh luat bao toan nang liTdng, ta c6: mgh = R I t, v d i ^ = ^ •
- Suaft d i e n dong cam lifng xuat hien trong vong day:
= -lis—1:=
AO nd^Bâv , n^d^'Bâ^v^ 16mgR
E =
At At 2
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BSTduang hpc sinh giSi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Uigl
16mgR ngin chay qua dien ke xung kich, dien ke chi mot dp lech. D p lech nay ti le
V a y : V a n toe rdi deu cua vong la v =
TT^d'^Bâ^ v d i dien lu^png do dong dien chuyen qua dien k e , neu thcJi gian dong dien
14.15. M o t khung day dan hinh vuong canh a, khoi liTdng m , dien t r d R duo chay qua la nho so vdi chu k i dao dpng rieng cua bp phan dpng trong dien ke.
truyen mot van toe ban dau theo phi/dng ngang. Khung chuyen dpng tron D a i liTpng xac djnh bKng ti le giffa dien li/png chuyen qua dien ke va dp lech
mat ph^ng thang diJng trong mot tiT triTdng vuong g6c v d i mat khung. cua dien ke gpi la h i n g so xung kich cua dien k e .
Cam iJng tijf B thay d d i theo quy luat B(y) = D d do cam u^ng tif, ta dat cupn day vao khu viTc can do, sao eho mat phing
Bo + kv, k = const. Sau mot thdi gian khung i ^^ eua cupn day vuong gdc vdi tiT tri^dng. K h i do tiT thong qua cupn day la ciTe
dat van toe khong doi v. T i m van to'e ban dai. Sau do ta keo nhanh cupn day ra khoi tCr triTdng, k h i e n eho tCf thong qua
dau truyen eho khung. C o i gia toe trong cupn day g i a m den khong. Trong cupn day xuaft hien sua't dien dpng cam iJng
triTcJng g la khong d d i va bo qua life can cua (J) g v l trong mach eua cupn day va dien ke eo mot dong d i e n ngin, chuyen qua
m o i trirdng. dien ke mot dien liTdng cam ufng. TiT triTdng cang manh, thi k h i ta keo cupn
Bai giai day ra, dp bien thien tiT thong cang Idn va dien li/png chuyen qua dien ke
- Chuyen dong cua khung day la tdng hdp cua chuyen dong deu v d i van toe xung kich cang Idn. V i vay, bang each xac dinh dp lech cua dien k e , ta do
diTdc cam i^ng tiT. Trong thiTc te, ngiTdi ta rat hay dCing phiTdng phap nay de do
di/dc truyen v^ theo phu^cfng nam ngang (theo true x ) va chuyen dpng theo
cam iJng tiJf.
phiTdng t h i n g duTng (doe theo true z).
T i r thong qua n vong eua cupn day khi no n^m trong tir tru-dng la: = BSn .
j,^ Theo phu'Png thang diJng, khung chju tac dung eua life trpng triTdng va life tir
giiTa dong dien cam ij-ng trong khung va tiT triTcfng. Luc dau, khung rdi nhanh K h i ta k6o cupn day ra k h o i tif triTdng, tir thong (!?2 qua nd bSng khong, do do
dan, sau do dat van toe khong ddi nen: mg = BIl dp bien thien tir thong la: A O = O2 - O , = - B S n .
AB.S ka^ K h i tir thong qua cupn day bien thien, trong cupn day xuat hien suat dien
Cirdng dp dong dien trong khung: I = =
R R.At R dO " '
dong cam iTng: Cc =
ka^ dt
m g = ka. .a .V = ^
e
R ' kV Trong mach cua cupn day va dien ke c6 dong dien I = • D i e n lirdng
V a n toe toan phan v cua khung khi chuyen dpng deu: R
chuyen qua mach dien ke trong khoang thdi gian dt la:
V K H dq = I d t = ^ d t = -—do
^ R R
14.16. D e do cam iJng tiT giffa hai ciTc cua mot nam cham dien, ngiTdi ta dat vao
K h i tir thong bien thien mot lirdng A O thi dien lirpng chuyen qua dien ke l a
do mot cupn day nho g o m N = 50 vong, noi v d i mot dien ke xung kich, mat
p h i n g cupn day vuong gdc vdi B , dien tieh vong day S = 2cm^ dien trd cupn Aq = D o do, k h i ta keo cupn day ra k h o i tir triTdng, dien liTdng chuyen
R
day raft nho, dien trd dien ke R = 2.10^Q. K h i keo nhanh cupn day ra khoi tCr
-AO BSn
trirdng cua nam cham thi dien ke lech 50 dp chia. B i e t khi ed mot dien liTdng qua dien ke l a : Aq = . D i e n luTdng Aq chuyen qua dien ke" xung
2.10"^C di qua dien ke thi k i m dien ke lech mot dp chia. T i n h cam iJng tijT cua
kich chi mot dp lech p. V i the Aq = pC . Blng each do dp lech p, ta c6 the
nam cham dien.
_ R ^ _ RCP ^ 2 . 1 0 l 2 . 1 0 " ^ 5 0 ^ ^ 2 7
Bai giai xac dinh diTdc cam uTng tir B : B
Sn bn 2.10-^.50
- D i e n k e xung kich la mot loai dien ke nhay, m l bp phan dpng (khung day) c6
quin tinh Idn, nen c6 chu k i dao dpng rieng Idn. K h i c6 mot xung dong dien V a y : C a m iTng tiJf cua nam cham dien I I B = 0,2T.
414 .
B6i duang hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11. t$p 1 - Mguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi^t
14.17. M o t o n g d a y c h i e u d a i / - 6 0 c m , t i e t d i e n S = l , 4 5 c m ^ c 6 l o i sat tijf. Trg,^ C h u y r K n g d p t i f t h a m )x c u a v a t sjft tCf k h o n g p h a i l a m o t h h n g s o , m a p h u

o n g d a y c 6 h a i c u o n d a y : c u o n 1 c 6 N , = 8 0 0 v o n g , c u o n 2 c 6 N 2 = 100 v o n g t h u p c m o t e a c h p h i f c t a p v a o c a m i f n g t i f Bo d a t v a o v a t U e u , tuTc l a v a o cU'dng
C u o n 2 diTOc n o i v d i m o t d i e n k e ' x u n g k i c h ( k i m d i e n k e ' l e c h m o t d o c h i a khi d 6 d o n g d i e n c h a y q u a x o l e n o i t . D o d o , b a n g phUdng p h a p d o n e u t r o n g b a i ,
C O d i e n li/dng 1,2.10"^C d i q u a ) , c u o n 2 v a d i e n ke' c6 d i e n t r d R = 1 2 Q . Cho v d i n h f f n g d o n g d i e n q u a x o l e n o i t t i f n h o d e n I d n , ta c 6 t h e n g h i e n ciJu difoc
d o n g d i e n 0,5A qua c u o n day I r o i diing m o t dao d i e n d e d o i c h i e u d o n g dien sir b i e n d o i c u a |j, t h e o BQ.
n a y . K h i d o k i m d i e n k e l e c h 2 5 6 d o c h i a . T i n h d o t i f t h a m c u a l o i s^t trong
.18. V o n g d a y d a n b a n k i n h R d a t v u o n g g o c v d i B c u a t i f t r i f d n g d e u . B t h a y
dieu kien thi nghiem tren. ,.,..1
d o i t h e o t h d i g i a n t h e o q u y l u a t B = k t , k = const. T i n h cu-dng d p d i e n t r i f d n g
A'.. B a i giai . ( • ; ( ) -.-u..' •
xody E tren vong.
:!,*- X o l e n o i t c6 c h i e u d a i I d n h d n b a n k i n h t i e t d i e n n e n b e n t r o n g x o l e n o i t , tir
;;, t r i r d n g l a d e u . Ne'u l o i sat tCr c 6 d o t t f t h a m n c h i e m d a y k h o n g g i a n ben
Sua't d i e n d o n g c a m i f n g xua't h i e n t r o n g v o n g d a y :
3 t r o n g x o l e n o i t , t h i c a m ij-ng tCr b e n t r o n g x o l e n o i t I d n h d n k h i k h o n g c 6 l o i sat
AO AB.S Sk.At
|i, I a n : B = ÎBQ = ^.^Qnl E = = kS.
At At At
N A'
( t r o n g d o n = — - l a so' v o n g d a y t r e n m o t d d n v j c h i e u d a i c u a x o l e n o i t ) . vdi S= 7cR^=>E = k7cR^ (1)
M a t k h a c : sua't d i e n d o n g c h i n h l a c o n g c u a d i e n t r i f d n g x o a y (tiJc t r i f d n g life l a )

- D o n g d i e n c h a y t r o n g c u o n d a y N i c u a x o l e n o i t g a y r a t i f t r U d n g B va tir
thifc h i e n k h i d i c h c h u y e n m o t d d n v i d i e n t i c h du'Png d p c theo v 6 n g d a y k i n :
t h o n g <^ = B S q u a t i e t d i e n c u a x o l e n o i t . N e u t a d o i c h i e u d o n g d i e n qua
_ _ _ F.271R
x o l e n o i t , tiT triTcJng d o i c h i e u v a tiT t h o n g d o i d a u . D p b i e n t h i e n tuf t h o n g qua (2)
cuon day N2 la A O = 2N2O . C u o n d a y N2 nS'i v d i d i e n k e ' x u n g k i c h , n e n k h i q q q
T i r ( l ) v a (2) ta c 6 :
t i f t h o n g q u a c u o n n a y b i e n t h i e n A O , t r o n g m a c h c u a d i e n k e x u n g k i c h c6
.,(1 l\»')b iÛ'llit!'
d i e n lUOng A q c h a y q u a , v d i : g -;tR2=f:2^=Eo.27rR ( E o = ^ ) = > E o = ^
q q 2
AO 2 N' 2, B
'
S ,.:•;:#,„,,
Aq = kR
V a y : C i r d n g d p d i e n t r i f d n g x o d y E t r e n v o n g d a y l a EQ =
„ • I.'-
- D i e n k e xung kich chi mot do lech a = — . DOAN D A Y D A N C H U Y E N D O N G TRONG T i f TRl/CfNG
C >?Sv,' . 1 9 . D o a n d a y d a n / = I m c h u y e n d o n g v d i v a n t o e v = 0,5m/s t h e o p h i f d n g
_ _ 2 N , B S ^ 2N3^^tonIS ^ 2N,^ôN,IS h d p v d i B c u a t i f triTdng d e u g o c a = 30°, B = 0,2T. T i n h suat d i e n d o n g xua't
R R Rl
hien trong day. ,j
^ CaR/ ^ 1,2.10-^256.12.0,6 _ ^^^^ B a i giai
g] 2ôN,N2SI 2.47t. 1 0 - ^ 8 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 , 4 5 . 1 0 " ^ . 0 , 5 ~ Suat d i e n d o n g xuat h i e n trong cuon day: ,,
V a y : D o t i r t h a m c u a l o i s^t l a = 1517 . E B/vsin a = 0,2.1.0,5.sin 30° = 0 , 0 5 V . ^
Chu y : P h i f d n g p h a p n e u t r o n g b a i ra't h a y di/dc d u n g d e d o d o t i f t h a m c u a cac V a y : E = 0,05V.
v a t l i e u s^t tif. B a n d o c c 6 t h e so s a n h p h e p d o | i v d i p h e p d o c a m tfng . . 2 0 , M a y b a y c 6 c h i e u d a i / = 5 0 m b a y theo p h i f d n g n g a n g v d i v a n t o e v = 7 2 0
k h d c , dSc b i e t c h u y de'n e a c h g a y ra bie'n t h i e n tCf t h o n g . k m / h . B i e t t h ^ n h p h a n t h i n g di^ng c u a c a m drng t i f T r a i Da't B = 5. I O ^ ' T .

T i m h i e u d i e n t h e xua't h i e n d h a i d a u e d n h .
- T r o n g phi/dng p h a p d o M, , t a c 6 t h e g a y n e n m o t d p b i e n t h i e n t i r t h o n g 1 ^ "
i 6 t h e d u n g v o n k e t r e n m a y b a y d o h i e u d i ^ n t h e n a y d e suy r a v a n toe m d y
( A O = 2 0 ) b^ng cdch d o i chieu dong dien trong cuon day.
b a y d i f d c k h o n g ? V I sao ...^^.^ „:,„•,;, ..
416 . .' 417
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gidi vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6n9 Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Viet
Bai giai Bai giai

Ta c6: v = 720 km/h = 200 m/s. •• Suat dien dpng cam iJng xuat hien tren thanh: E = B/vsin a = 0,4.0,2.6 = 0,48V.
a) Hieu dien the d hai dau canh
Cirdng dp d6ng dien cam liTng qua R: I = — = = 0,32A.
- May bay chuyen dong giong nhif mot thanh kim loai chuyen d6ng trong R 1,5
triTcfng Trai Dat. Vay: CiTdng dp d6ng dien dm uTng qua R la I = 0,32A.
- Hieu diSn the d hai dau cdnh bang sua't dien dpng cam iJng: 14.23. Cho mach dien trong tCf tru'dng giong nhiT bai tren. Van toe chuyen dpng
U = Ec = B/vsina = 5.10-^50.200.1 = 0,5V cua thanh AB la v = lOm/s, dien trd R = 150Q, cMbng dp dong dien cam iJng
b) Co the dung von ke tren may bay do hieu dien the d hai dau canh khong? I = 0,2A. Bo qua ma sat. Tim life keo tac dung len AB.
Khi noi hai dau cdnh vdi mot von ke ta c6 m6t mach kin. Khi may bay Bai giai n
chuyen dpng, tiT thong qua mach khong doi nen Ec = 0 nen khong the do van Suat dien dpng cam ijfng xuat hien tren thanh: E = B/vsin a = RI.
toe may bay bang each do hieu dien the giffa hai dau canh may bay. RI 150.0,2
B = = 15T
14.21. Thanh kim loai A B diTdc keo triTdt deu tren hai Iv 0,2.10
thanh ray trong mat phang nam ngang vdi van toe
® Lire keo tac dung len AB: Fkô = F,cr = B I / = 15.0,2.0,2 = 0,6N. '
V = lOm/s. Hai ray each nhau doan / = 0,5m va dat
Vay: Life keo tac dung len AB la 0,6N.
' trong tir tru'dng deu thang du'ng, cam iJng tuf B. C2=r B
.24. Cho he thong nhi/ hinh ve, thanh kim loai AB = / = 20cm, khoi Itfdng m =
M^c hai tu dien C,, C2 (vdi C2 = l,5Ci) noi tiep nhau
lOg, B vuong goc vdi khung day dan (B = 0,1T) nguon eo suat dien dpng va
vao dau hai ray. Bie't hieu dien the hai dau tu C2 la
I dien trd trong la E = 1,2V; r = 0,5Q. Do life dien tuf va ma sat, AB triTPt deu
0,5V.TinhB.
vdi van toe v = lOm/s. Bo qua dien trd cac thanh ray va cac npi tiep xiic.
Bai giai
) Tinh dp Idn va chieu dong dien trong mach,
Suat dien dpng xuat hien tren thanh AB: E = B/vsina = B.0,5.10.1 = 5B
he so' ma sat giuTa AB v^ ray.
y V i Ci noi tiep C2 nen: U , + U2 = U, vdi U, = Q. 1) Muo'n dong dien trong thanh AB chay tuf B
C,
den A, cirdng dp 1,8A phai keo AB tri/dt
! theo chieu nao, van toe va life keo bao
=^ U2 = = = — ^ = - 1 = 0,5
C2 C2 1,5C, 1,5 nhieu ?
^ => U, = 0,75V va U = 0,5 + 0,75 = 1,25V. Bai giai ^'^
Ta c6: E = U = 5B = 1,25 => B = 0,25T. ) Dp Idn va chieu dong dien trong mach, he s6 ma sat giffa AB va ray
Vay: Dp Idn cam ifng tuf B = 0,25T. Dirdi tac dung cua life tff, thanh AB se chuyen dpng sang phai, tren thanh AB
14.22. Thanh kim loai AB = / = 20cm diTdc se xuat hien suat dien dpng cam ffng: Ec = B/v = 0,1.0,2.10 = 0,2V
E-Ep
J1 / /
keo tru'dt deu tren hai thanh ray kim B / 1,2-0,2
Cufdng dp dong dien trong mach: I =
loai nkm ngang nhiT hinh ve. Cac ray
n6'i vdi nhau bang dien trd R = l,5Q. I V i thanh trffdt deu nen: F = o BIl = |img
Van t6c A B la v = 6m/s. He thong dat BIl 0,1.2.0,2
= 0,4
trong mot tCf triTdng deu B th^ng du'ng mg 0,01.10
(B = 0,4T). Bo qua dien trd ray va thanh
Vay: Cirdng dp ddng di$n trong mach la I = 2A,
AB. he so' ma sat giffa thanh AB va ray 1^ 0,4.
Tim ci/dng dp dong dien cam tfng qua R.
419
Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vi6t
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6ng
b) Chieu, van toe va do Idn life keo thanh 0,5 = 2 , 5 ^ .

R=
De dong dien trong thanh AB ehay tii B den A thi theo quy tS'c "B^n tay trap
thanh AB phai triTdt sang phai: Vay:R = 2,5Q. • :/•v'^'*"-* ^"z-
^ ^ j ^ E - E , ^ E - B l v => V = E - I r 1.2-1,8.0,5 4.26. Mot he thong day dan dat nam ngang nhiT
r r Bl 01.0,2 = 15m/s hinh. Thanh Hz triTdt tren eac canh Ox, Oy va
Lure k6o tae dung len AB: Fk + F - =0 luon vuong gdc vdi phan giac OH, Hz tiep xuc
=>Fk = F„„-F= îmg-BIl =0,4.0,01.10-0,1.1,8.0,2 = 4.10-^N. vdi Ox, Oy tai M va N. Gdc xOy = 2 a . Van toe
Vay: Van toe cua thanh la v = 15m/s, do Idn cua life keo thanh la Fk = 4.10^(^ chuyen dong cua thanh Hz khong doi va bang v.
14.25. Thanh dong MN khoi lu^dng m = 2g trifdt Cac day dan deu ciing lam bhng mot chat, ciing IV
deu khong ma sAt vdi v = 5m/s tren hai thanh tiet dien va cd dien trd bang r cho moi ddn vi dai.
Bo qua dien trd tiep xiic tai M, N.
dong thang dufng song song each nhau khoang
® B He thong dat trong mot tCr tru'dng deu thang difng, cd c a m ilng tir B. Khi
/ = 50cm tif tru'dng B nam ngang nhu" hinh ve,
thanh Hz trU'dt tren Ox, Oy, hay xac dinh chieu va cU'dng dp dong dien cam
B = 0,2T. Bo qua dien trd ede thanh va dien M
iifng chay qua MN.
trd tiep xiie. Cho g = 1 Om/sl
Bai giai
a) Tinh suat dien dong cam Ung trong MN.
Suat dien dong earn i^ng xua't hien tren MN: Ec = B/v.
b) Tinh liTc dien tiT, chieu va do Idn dong dien earn tfng. Dien trd cua toan mach: R = ( 20M + MN)r
c) TinhR. MN „ . . MN 1
Bai giai vdi sina = OM =
20M 2sina 2sina
a) Suat dien dong cam tfug xuat hien tren thanh MN
Ta e6: Ec = B/vsina = 0,2.0,5.5.1 = 0,5V. R = ( — + l)r = l( 1 + l)r
b) Life dien tiT, chieu va do Idn dong dien cam iirng sma sma
- Thanh MN trU'dt xuong do tac dung cua trong lye. Luc do tiT thong qua mach Cirdng do dong dien chay trong day dan MN:
Er- Blv Bvsina
tang, xua't hien suat dien dong cam ufng Ec va cU'dng do dong dien cam iJng R ,^ 1 + sina, (1 + sina)r
Ic. Thanh AB c6 dong dien Ic di qua se chju life tir F cua tif tru'dng B . Dc K—: )r
sma
chong lai siT bie'n thien tiT thong qua mach, lufc tijf F se cd chieu hU'dng len. Theo quy tac "Ban tay phai" ta xac dinh diTdc chieu dong dien qua MN tir M
- Khi thanh rdi deu: F = P = mg = 2.10 \0 = 2.10^'N. denN.
4' D o Idn dong dien earn iJng: Vay: CiTdng do dong dien cam ti'ng chay qua MN la I = .
F 2.10"^
= 0,2A. (1 + s m a ) r
Bl 0,2.0,5
: Vay: Lire dien tirF = 2.10'^N, .27. Khung day dan hinh chiT nhat ACCA dat th^ng diTng, mot phan khung
dong dien cam lirng Ic = 0,2A. nam trong tir triTdng cd dirdng cam ufng vuong gdc vdi mat phang khung. TiT
c) TinhR tru'dng coi la deu (B = IT) trong khoang MNPQ va bang 0 ngoai khoang do.
Sua't dien dong cam iifng xua't hien tren thanh: Ec = B/v = 0,2.0,5.5 = 0,5V Cho AC = / = 10cm, khung cd dien trd R = 0,2Q, khoi lirdng m = 20g. Khung
dirdc di chuyen thang duTng di xuong vdi van toe v = 2 m/s.
CU'dng do dong dien xua't hien trong mach: Ip = —^
R
421
Cty TNHH ivi IV UVyH_Khang Vi$t
B6i dLOng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn PhO Sfing
a) Tinh ciTcfng dp dong dien cam iiTng trong khung Bai giai
va nhiet lUdng do khung toa ra khi djch chuyen Khi thanh quay 1 v6ng thi thanh se quet dien tich: S = 7t R^.
doan 10cm. Khi thanh quay 1 phiit thi thanh se quet 1 dien tich la: A S = co S = 1207t RI
b) Tinh liTc ngoai can tac dung de khung chuyen Hieu dien the 2 dau thanh se bang suat dien dong cam iJug:
dong vdi van toe deu nhiT tren.
Bai giai U = Ec = AO BAS B.1207IR'
At At At
a) Cirdng do dong dien cam ilng trong khung va nhiet liTdng do khung toa ra khi i true quay qua mot dau thanh thi R = I = 1,2m:
djch chuyen ^
0,05.120.7t. 1,2'
- Suat dien dong cam ufng xua't hien trong khung: .j,, U= = 0,45V iXt'V.:.':"'
AO A(BS) B.AS BlAx 1.0,1.0,1 60
At At At Khi true quay qua mot diem tren thanh each 1 dau thanh 10cm thi
At At
Thdi gian khung djch chuyen: R = 1 + 0,1 = 1,1m. .- ,Jlif0 - -m «.
, Ax 0,1
1' At= — = — = 0,05s
^ 0,1.0,1
= ^r-r^ = 0,2V u = 0,05.120n.l,r = 0,38V.
0,05 60
29. DTa kim loai ban kinh r = 10cm dat vuong goc
0,2 = l A ,
- CUdng dp dong dien cam dng: !(-, = vdi B cua tCf tru'dng deu, B = 0,1T nhU' hmh ve,
R 0,2 ®
Nhiet liTPng toa ra tren khung: Q = Rl^t = 0,2.1 lO,05 = 0,01 J.
Vay: Khi khung dich chuyen, cifdng do dong dien trong khung la lA, nhiet
, dia quay vdi tan so n = 3 vong/s. Cac tiep dilm
tai O, A noi dla vdi ampe ke'. 0
Tinh suaft dien dong cam iJng giffa O, A va chieu
lifdng toa ra tren khung la 0,01 J. dong dien cam tfng.
b) Life ngoai can tac dung
Bai giai
Gia suf cam ufng tiT B c6 chieu tif triTdc ra sau mat phing hinh ve. Suat dien dong cam lirng xua't hien giSa. O va A:
Khi khung chuyen dong xuong diTdi, tif thong qua khung giam, B^. ciing BAS
Ec = AO
chieu vdi B , dong dien cam ilng Ic c6 chieu A -> C -» C -> A . At At
Life tijf tac dung len canh AC c6 chieu hu'dng Khi dia tron quay thi dTa se quet mpt dien tich: AS = co^R
len tren, life tii tac dung len cac canh AA va
B.coTtR^ 0,1.3.7i.O,r = 9,42.10-^V
CC se can bang nhau: => E^ =
T a c 6 : P = mg = 0,02.10 = 0,2N. t
F = BI/sina = 1.1.0,1 =0,1N. Q ^ Khi dTa quay, tiT thong tSng, tiT tru'dng cam u'ng B^. ngu'dc chieu vdi B , theo
De thanh chuyen dong deu vdi van toe v = 2m/s can tac dung liTc ngoai: quy t^c nam tay phai Ic cd chieu tii A den O. ,
F = P - F = 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1N theo chieu hiTdng len tren (do P > F). .30. Mpt vong tron bhng day dan ban kinh r = 10cm
14 .28. Thanh kim loai / = 1,2m quay trong tif triTdng deu quanh true A , A vu6ng dat trong tif tru'dng deu vuong goc vdi mat phang
goc vdi thanh va song song B , B = 0,05T. Van toe quay cua thanh 1^ co = 120 vong, B = 10"^T. Vong noi vdi tarn b^ng 2 thanh
vong/phut. Tim hieu dien the hai dau thanh ne'u true quay: ^ kim loai: OA co'dinh, OB quay quanh O vdi van toe
a) Qua mot dau thanh. goc 00 = 4rad/s khong doi. Dien trd cua moi ddn vi
b) Qua mot diem tren thanh each mot dau thanh 10cm. chieu dai vong va thanh Ro = IQ/m.
Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua cac thanh va cac cung cua vong tron theo thdi gian.
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Cty TNHH IVIIV DVVH Khang Vi^t
B a i giai 10' cot 10

-3
10"\2t
^ l 2 =
- Khi thanh OB quay, tren thanh xua't hien sua't dien dong cam iJng Ee. 4t2 2n 4t 2 '271 4t^
dien dong nay dUOc xac dinh nhiT sau: f n . ui; ;f M, l+2t- l+2t- I + 2t-
+ Do bien thien tuT thong trong thdi gian A t : ' mfHiU
R•AOB EQB 4.31. M N va PQ la hai thanh kim loai dai thang dat
Ac:>=BAS = B . ^ = . ^ : ^ ^ H song song vdi nhau trong mat phang nhm ngang,
2 2
hai dau M N difdc no'i vdi nhau qua tu dien dien
+ Sua't dien dong cam iJng tren thanh OB:
dung C, dien trd cac thanh khong dang ke; ab la
Ad) Bcor^
Ec = mot thanh kim loai kho'i lu'dng m diTdc dat tiTa len
At 2 •A2B
M N va PQ nhiT hinh ve. He noi tren nam trong
- Ta c6: RAOB = RQA+ROB = 2rRo; RAIB = 9rRo = cortRo ;
anh hurdng cua tuf trUdng deu c6 vectd cam u'ng i\i
RA2B = (27t - (p)rR() = (27t - a)t)rRo . , B hudng vuong goc vdi td giay, chieu tu" tren
=>RN = ÂiB-Â2B ^ MrtR„.(27t-cot)rR„ _ cort.(27t-cot)rRQ xuo'ng. Tac dung mot \\ic F nam trong mat phang
27ir td giay sao cho thanh ab c6 chuyen dong tinh tie'n
Suy ra: .1 Jiff vdi gia toe a khong doi. ;
Hay tim do Idn cua li/c F . GiCTa thanh ab va cdc thanh M N , PQ c6 he so ma
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua cac thanh la:
sat la fi., khoang each giila M N va PQ la L.
Bcor^
B a i giai
1=
^ÂOB+RN 2rR ^--T^''^ Gia silf thanh ab chuyen dong ra xa tu dien, theo quy tê "Ban tay phai" dong
dien se ed chieu tuf b den a. Tai thdi diem t, thanh ab eo van toe v, gia toe a.
Bcor 10"^4.10"' 10
,-3 Suaft dien dong cam iJng tren thanh ab la: E = BLv.
42(2 Hieu dien the giffa hai dau tu dien la: U = E = BLv.
2Ro(2 + cot--"^>-) 2.1(2+4t-^) 4V
l+2t-
27t 27t Cirdng do dong dien qua mach la: i = ^ = C — = C — = B C L — = BCLa.
+ CirdngdodongdienquanhanhAlBla: dt dt dt dt
- Li/c tif tac dung len thanh ab la: F, = BiL = B^CLâ va eo chieu theo quy t^c
-3 cort.(2rt - cot)rRQ
10 27cr "Ban tay trai". Phi/dng trinh chuyen dong cua thanh ab la:
I , = I . - ^ =
R AlB 4t^ cortR,
l+2t- F - F, - F„« = ma => F = ma + mg + B ^ C L \
= > F = m(a + ^ g ) + B^CLâ
1-3 Vay: Dp Idn cua liTc tac dung len thanh ab la F = m(a + ^l g) + B^CLâ.
(27t - rot) 10,-3 2^-4t _ IO"^(7t-2t)
4t^ In lit 4t2 14.32. Mot thanh triTdt b^ng kim loai c6 khoi
l+2t- 1.2t-^ (l+2t-—)rt
7t
lifdng m, CO the triTdt khong ma sat doc
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua nhdnhA2B la: theo hai diTdng ray bang kim loai dat song
cort.(2rt - (ot)r song, nghieng vdi phiTdng ngang mot gdc
10--^ 2m a va each nhau mot doan la b. Cac
R A2B 4t^ (27i-a)t)r dUdng ray du'dc noi kin d ben du'di bang
l+2t-
mot tu chifa tich dien, ed dien dung C.
• • 425
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phii flflng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Vi§t
Toan the he tr6n day dxidc dat trong mot ttf triTdng deu c6 vectd cam tfng tiJf H, la do tijr tham cua loi s^t tCr; N, S, / la so vong, tiet dien va chieu dai
B thang diJng (hinh ve). Vao thcfi diem ban dau, thanh triTdt diTdc giff d o'ng day).
khoang each / den canh day. Hoi sau bao lau tCr luc buong thanh tru'dt ra thi 3. SuS't di^n dOng W cam: E,e = = - L . —
no dat den canh day ? Tinh van toe cua no khi do ? Bo qua dien trd day dan.
Bai giai At At
Gia sijr tai thcfi diem t, thanh tru'dt kim loai c6 van toe v, gia to'c a. Suat dien 4. Nang liTc/ng tiJf trifcfng cua 6ng day:
dong cam vlng xuat hien tren thanh la: E = Bbv.sinp = Bbv.cosa . I - Nang liTdng tCrtriTdng: W = -LI^ = -LI^ = ^ - ^ S l
- Hieu dien the'hai dau tu dien la: U = E = Bbv.cosa .
2 2 B^ 87r.lO"\
- Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach la: - Mat do nang liTcJng tCr triTcJng: w =
87i.lO'^n
i = ^ = C ^ = C — = BCb.cos a . — = BCba. cos a .
dt dt dt dt NHtJWQ CHCI t KHI Q i A l BAI TAP
- Lire tiJf tdc dung len thanh triTdt la: F = Bbi = B^Cbâ. cos a va c6 chieu diTcfc Ap dung cac cong tMc ve hien tifdng tif cam: tuf thong tif cam, do tu" cam,
xac djnh theo quy tac "Ban tay trai". Phu'cJng trinh chuyen dong cua thanh suat dien dong tif cam, ning lu'cfng tif trUcJng...
triTcft la: b Coi suat dien dong tiT cam nhu" suat dien dong cam tfng binh thu'dng (mach c6
P + F = ma => Psin a - Fcos a = ma ^ m nguon dien) khi ke't hdp vdi cac dinh luat 6 m de tinh toan cac dai liTdng dien
<=>mg.sina - B^Cbâ.cos^" = ma nhirl, U, r... J;
f
=> a = m+B^Cb^cosâ CAC BAI TAP VE HIEN TUONG T V C A M
mgsina // ,1. X61en6it dai / = 31,4cm, c6 N = 1000 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 10cm^
- ThcJi gian tiT liic buong de'n luc cham tu dien la: CO dong I = 2A di qua.
2s 21 /21(m+B^Cb^cosâ) ^ Tinh tCr thong qua moi vong day.
mgsina ' mgsina Tinh suat dien dong tii cam trong xolenoit khi ngat dong dien trong thcli gian
t = J — :=> t =
m + B^Cb^cosâ A t = 0,1s, suy ra dp tif cam cua cuon day. * '
Giai lai bai toan khi xolenoit c6 loi, do tiT tham cua loi la |i = 500.
- Van toe cua thanh khi cham den tu dien la: v = yfzas = I •2mg/sina
Bai giai
V m +B^Cb^cosâ
Tir thong qua moi v6ng day
-7 N
ChuvendelS: HIEN Tl/dNG TU CAM Cam urng tCf B trong ong day: B = 471.10 y l .
A. T 6 M TAT K I E N TliCrc
1. Djnh nghla; Hien tiTcJng tiT cam 1^ hien Wdng cam i^ng dien tif xay khi tu" TCr thong tir cam qua moi vong day: O' = BS = 471.10"''.y.SI
thong qua mach kin bien thien do chinh siT bie'n thien cua dong dien trong O ' =471.10
-7 -6 -
.10.10"^2 =8.10''Wb
mach do gay ra. 1000A-2
31,4.10"
2. Tuf thong t\f cam: O = U Vay: TiT thong qua moi vong day la = 8.10'^Wb.
(I la dong dien qua mach, L la do tiT cam ciia mach. I)
Sua't dien dong tir cam trong xolenoit
AO vaA<D do tir cam„ cua
8.10cupn day ,
Vdi ong day (xolenoit) thi L = 471.10"''. Sua't dien dong tuf cam: e^, = =N = 1000. = 0,08V
At At 0,1
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5i duSng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vi6t
O 8.10 1000 5.3. Vong day sieu dan do tif cam L , ban kinh r dat vuong goc vdti B cua tCr
Do tir cam: T i r c D = L I = i > L = — = = 0,004H .
1 2 :-.(':SV.,;;;;t-
tru'dng deu, cam (Jng tiT tang deu ttr 0 den BQ. Tinh cUcJng dp dong dien cam
Vay: Sua't dien dong tiT cam trong xolenoit va do tiT cam cua cuon day la
uTng trong vong. •
ec = 0,08V va L = 0,004H.
Bai giai
c) TrU'dng hdp xolenoit c6 loi do tCf tham cua loi la |j. = 500
Ttr thong qua vong day: <t> = BScosa = B^Trr" . •V'i
Tuf thong tiT cam qua moi vong day: O" = nO'= 500.8.10"'^ =4.10"^Wb.
Tcr^B,
CiTdng dp dong dien cam i^ng trong vong day: I = — -
Suatdien dong tir cam: e^ = N ^ ^ = 1000.4.10"-^ = 40V.
At
OT^B,,
' ' T. NO)" 4.10^ll000 ^„ Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien cam iJng trong vong day la: I =
Do lii cam: L = — = = = 2H .
I I 2 5.4. Cho mach dien nhirhinh ve, L = IH, E = 12V, r
Vay: Khi xolenoit c6 loi do lis tham cua loi la |x = 500 thi ke't qua d cac can = 0, R = lOQ. Dieu chinh bien trd de trong 0,1
a, b deu tang len 500 Ian. giay R giam con 5Q. Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien
trong mach trong khoang thdi gian tren.
1 IS
2 Bai giai E,r
15.2. Chiyng minh rang nang liTcfng tiT triTcfng trong xolenoit la: W^^^ = va
1 Gpi I la cu'dng dp dong dien do nguon E sinh ra; Ic la cufdng dp dong dien tir
mat do nSng lu'cfng ttr triTdng trong xolenoit la: w^^^ = , vdi B la cam cam (do Ec sinh ra). ^' i ^
2 W-IQ E 12 12
Ta c6: = 1,2A; l2 = = 2,4A.
ling til' trong xolenoit. R,+ r 10 + 0 Rj+r 5+0
Bai giai
Al 2,4-1,2
Do tiT cam cua ong day: L = y = — ^ • Ec = L = 12V
At At 0,1
vdi V = Si. the tich ong day => L = H ^ Q I I ^ V . .0 * Vi R giam nen I tang va theo djnh luat Len-xd, dong dien tiT cam L ngU'dc
chieu vdi I . Cu'dng dp dong dien trong mach trong thdi gian tren la: ,^
LI^
NSng liTdng tir trirdng: W = E—E
r = I - Ic =
R + r' = 0 ( v i E = Ec)
Cam lirng tu" trong ong day: B = nHonl => I = Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien trong mach trong khoang thdi gian tren la F = 0.
5,5. Xolenoit khong loi chieu dai /, tiet dien S va N vong day.
=^W = ^^ô"^^ B^ ^ _BH^ ^ B ^ ) Dien trd xolenoit bang R, cu'dng dp qua xolenoit ti le vdi thdi gian I = kt.
2 '(n^^n)' 2HHO 2nîo" Tinh hieu dien the' hai dau xolenoit.
Hai dau xolenoit tren noi vdi mot nguon dien c6 sua't dien dong E, dien trd
W B^
Mat do nSng lu'cfng tiT trUdng: w = —2L = _ trong r = 0, dien trd xolenoit R ra't nho. Khi t = 0, ngiTdi ta dong mach cho
V 2nô ddng dien qua xolenoit. Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien qua xolenoit.
Vay: Nang liTdng tif triTdng va mat dp nang lu'cfng ttr triTcfng trong xolenoit la:
Bai giai
'•1 f\(r-: igh
„, 1 B^/S . 1 B^ Hieu dren the hai dau xolenoit
W„, = va w„. = -
Cam tfng tiT trong xolenoit: B = 47t.l0'^nl = 471.10"''ykt.
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duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phii B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
- Vi B bie'n tiiien tiieo t nen trong xolenoit c6 mot sua't dien dong t\X cam: 15.7. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve; cuon day c6 do tiT cam
T2 L, dien trd thuan khong dang ke. Cac tu cd dien dung
At = -N- At = -47:.10" / kS Ci va C2. NgUdi ta dong khoa K. Tim dong dien cUc dai
V\c do Be sinh ra ngifcJc chieu vdi I trong mach nen theo djnh luat 6m ta c6: qua cuon day. Tim hieu dien the' cifc dai tren hai ban u
-7
cua tu Ci.
U = -Ec+RI= 47t.l0 kS + kRt Bai giai
C,C,
Vay: Hieu dien the hai dau xolenoit la U = 47r.lO~^ ^ k S + kRt. - Trirdc khi dong khoa K, dien tich tren moi tu la: Q = CUo =
b) CiTdng do dong dien qua xolenoit Tai thdi diem dong dien qua cuon day cifc dai (WL = WL(max); W2C = 0), sua't
dien dong cam ufng b^ng 0, toan bo hieu dien the cua nguon dat len tu Ci,
Vi r = 0, R rat nho nen U = E = -Ec = 47r.l0"^ ^ k S . dien tich tu C, la: Q, = C|Uo. n
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich suy ra nguon da "cung ca'p" cho mach m6t
Matkhac,Ec = - L — => AI = - ^ . A t = - . A t , v d i L = 471.10"^^^^
At L L nen: C,C
dien tich: AQ = CiUo- Uo =
AI = .At => I = El
47t.lO"^N^S
c
-7
47t.lO 2
/ 0•
El
I
Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua xolenoit la I = - nen
Theonguon da thiTc
dinh luat bao hien
toan mot
nangcong:
lifdng:A Wmrac
= A Q.Uo =
= Ws, —U
47I.10"^N2S o - C U ^ + A = ic.U^ + - L I ^
15.6. Mot pin c6 sua't dien dong khong doi E mac no'i 2 2 2
tie'p vdi mot ong day c6 do tu" cam L va mot tu c6
dien dung C thong qua mot khoa K. Ban dau khoa K
-I CiUo
C,+C2 ° 2 ^ ° 2 ° •Io =
mcl, tu khong tich dien. Xac dinh gia tri ciTc dai cua 2(Cj+C2) VL(CI+C2)
E 4^
d6ng dien trong mach sau khi dong khoa K. Bo qua Vay: Dong dien ciTc dai qua cuon day 1^ lo = C.Uo
dien trd thuan trong mach. VL(C,+C2) "
Bai giai c,
(Ban doc tu* giai de tim ket qua cua Uimax = Uo(l + C1+C2 )).
+ Nang liTdng dien triTctng c\ic dai d tu dien la: Wc 1
= -CU^ = -CE^,
2 '2/ 15.8. Hai ong day gio'ng nhau, diTdc m^c vie
nguon dien khong ddi, sua't dien dong E va y
+ N5ng liTcJng tCf triTSng cifc dai d oiig day la: W L = ^LI^^ . dien trd trong r, thong qua hai khda Ki va K2 r E,r I
(hlnh ve). Ban dau hai khoa deu md. Sau do
Theo dinh luat bao to^n n^ng lu'dng:
dong Ki trU'dc roi den K2. Xic djnh do Idn cua i
Wc = W , o l c E 2 =
vay: Gid tri ciTc dai ciia
iLI^^=>W = E
d6ng dien trong mach sau khi d6ng khda K la
dong chay qua Ki vô thdi diem dong K2 neu
biet r^ng sau khi dong K2, d6ng on dinh chay t J
Imax = E^. qua Ki Idn hdn dong 6n djnh chay qua K2 la 2
Ian. Bo qua dien trd thuan ciia hai ong day.
431
Bfii duSng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
Bai giai Dcfn vi The hi§n theo

Goi lo la cirdng dp dong dien qua K, vao thcJi diem dong kh6a K2; Ii, I2 la TT Dai Iifi/ng dcTn vj cd ban
cu'dng dp dong dien qua Ki, K2 sau khi da on dinh. Ta c6: i^'iiîfV Ten Ky hiû thupc h$ dcfn vi SI
+ Sua't dien dong tu" cam tren cac cupn day khi dong khoa K2:
1. Ddn vi khong gian, thtfi gian va hien tifi/ng tuan hoan
AI, AI, AI, 1.1 goc phang (goc) radian rad m/m
At At o At At E,r 1.2 goc kho'i steradian sr m'/m'
1.3 dien tich met vuong m^ m.m
At At O l i - I o = l2 (1)
1.4 the tich (dung tich) met kho'i m^ m.m.m
+ Mat khac: I, = 2I2 (2) va I = I, + I2 = - (3) I, 1.5 tan so hec Hz S-'
1.6 van toe goc radian tren giay rad/s S-'

r radian tren giay rad/s'
1.7 gia toe goc s-'
+ Tijf (1) va (2) suy ra: IQ = I2, thay vao (3) ta diTdc: 3Io = - => IQ = — . binh phU'cfng
r 3r 1.8 van toe met tren giay m/s m.s"'
F 1.9 gia toe m^t tren giay m/s^ m.s^^ j
binh phUdng
Vay: Dp Idn cua dong chay qua Ki vao thcli diem dong K2 la IQ = — .
Phu luc 3r
2. D(/n vi coT
2.1 khoi liTdng theo chieu kilogam kg/m kg.m '
C A C D d N VI D O L l / d N G C H I N H T H U f C dai (mat dp dai) tren met
(Trich N}ihi dinh so : J34/2007/ND-CP, ngay 15 thdng 8 nam 2007 cua Chinh 2.2 khoi lu'dng theo be kilogam tren kg/m^ kg.m-'
phu nU()c CHXHCN Vi?t Nam) J ': A,. mat (mat dp mat) met vuong
2.3 khoi lu'dng rieng kilogam tren kg/m' kg.m-'
1. Cac ddn vj cd ban (mat dp) met khoi
TT Dai li/^ng Ten dcfn vi Ky hiû doTn vj 2.4 life niutdn N m.kg.s"^
1 dp dai met m 2.5 momen life niutcfn met N.m mlkg.s"^
2 kho'i lu'dng kilogam kg 2.6 ap sua't, (Jng sua't r Pa m'.kg.s"^
3 thdi gian giay s 2.7 dp nhdt dong life puscan giay Pa.s m"'Jcg.s"'
4 cu'dng dp dong dien ampe A 2.8 dp nhdt dong hpc met vuong m^/s mV
5 nhiet dp nhiet dong hpc kenvin K tren giay
6 lu'cfng vat cha't mol mol 2.9 cong, n^ng lifdng jun J mlkg.s^'
7 cufdng dp sang candela cd 2.10 cong sua't oii W mlkg.s-'
2.11 lim liTdng the tich ra6t kho'i mVs m^s-'
2. Cac dc^n vi d§n xua't tren giay
Ddn vi The hi^n theo 2.12 liTu hi'ini khoi 1 iligani kg/s kg.s-'
TT
Dai luTgfng Ten
ddn vfccf ban liTdng tren giay
KS hiû thuQC difi. vj S I
433
B6i diOng hgc sinh gioi Vat ly 11 p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vl§t
Ddn vi The' hi$n theo Ddn vj The hif n theo

TT Dai li^(/ng ddn vj cd ban Dai lif</ng
T#n K y hiC'u TT ddn vj cd ban
T6n Ky hiû
thupc h$ ddn vj SI thupc h$ ddn vj SI
4.4 dien trd 6m Q mlkg.s ^ A - 2
3. Dcfn vi nhi$t
4.5 dien dan (dp dan simen S m Ikg'.slA'
3.1 nhiet do Celsius do Celsius °C t = T - To; trong
dien)
do t la nhiet do
4.6 thong lu'dng dien culong C s.A
^'-.rj" . '4 Celcius, T la nhiet

dp nhiet dpng hoc
va To =273,15.
(thong lu'dng dien
dich)
i
4.7 mat dp thong culong tren C/m^ m^^.s.A

3.2 nhiet liTcfng jun J m^kg.s"^ ~'
lu'dng dien (dien met vuong
3.3 nhiet liTdng rieng jun tren J/kg m^s-^
dich)
kilogam
4.8 cong,nang lUdng jun J mlkg.s"^
3.4 nhiet dung jun tren J/K m'.kg.s-'.K '
4.9 cUdng dp tir IrUdng ampe tren met A/m m'.A
kenvin
4.10 dien dung fara F m-^kg•'.sÂ^
3.5 nhiet dung khoi jun tren J/(kg.K) mls-lK'
4.11 dp tiT cam henry H mlkg.s-Â"^
(nhiet dung rieng) kilogam
4.12 ttr thong vebe Wb mlkg.s l A ~ '
kenvin
4.13 mat dp ttr thong, tesla T kg.s'lA-'
3.6 thong lu'dng nhiet oat W mlkg.s"^
cam i^ng tiT
3.7 thong lu'dng nhiet oat tren met W/m' kg.s-'
4.14 sua't tif dpng ampe A A
be mat (mat do vuong
4.15 cong suaft tac dung oat W m'.kg.s"^
thong lu'dng nhiet)
(cong sua't)
3.8 he so truyen nhiet oat tren met W/(mlK) kg.s-lK'
4.16 cong sua't bieu von ampe V.A m'.kg.s"^
vuong kenvin
kie'n
3.9 dp dan nhiet (he oat tren met W/(m.K) m.kg.s-lK"'
4.17 cong sua't khang var var mlkg.s'^
so dan nhiet) kenvin
3.10 5. Ddn vi anh sana va buTc xa diOn tijf cd lien quan
do khuyech tan met vuong mVs mis-'
5.1 nang lu'dng biJc xa jun J mlkg.s"^
nhiet tren giay |
5.2 cong sua't biJc xa oat W mlkg.s"'
4, Ddn vj di$n va tuf
4.1 (thong lu'dng biJc
dien lu'dng (dien culong C s.A
xa)
tich)
5.3 cUdng dp bufc xa oat tren W/sr mlkg.s-'
4.2 dien the', hieu dien von V mlkg.s-lA-'
steradian
the' (dien ap), siJc
5.4 dp choi nang odt tren W/(sr.m^) kg.s-'
dien dong
liTdng steradian met
4.3 cUdng dp dien von tren met V/m m.kg.s-Â"'
vuong
trirdng
434 435
liol diOng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV D W H KhangîgT
Dt/n vj Tlid' hi$n tiieo D(/n vi The' hi^n theo

TT Dai lif</ng dofn vi erf ban TT Dai lif</ng dcfn vi cd ban
T^n Ky hieu T6n Ky hiû
thuQc dofn vi SI thupc h$ ddn vj SI
5.5 nang suat biJc xa oat tren met W/m^ kg.s-^ 7.5 hoat do xuc tac katal kat s'.mol
vuong 8. Dcfn vi hxic \'4 ion hoa
5.6 do roi nang lifdng oat tren met W/m^ kg.s^^ 8.1 d6piK)ngxa(hoatdo) becdren Bq s-'
vuong 8.2 lieu hap thu, kerma gray Gy
5.7 do choi candela tren cd/m^ m'^.cd 8.3 lieu tiTcJng du'dng sivd Sv
met vuong 8.4 lieu chieu culong tren C/kg kg'.s.A
5.8 quang thong lumen Im cd kilogam
5.9 liTcing sang lumen giay Im.s cd.s
5.10 n3ng suat phat lumen tren Im/m^ m led -Cdc bgi, Udc thdp phdn cua ddn vj do lUbng chinh tMc h? SI
sang (dp triTng) met vuong Tfen
5.11 do rpi lux Ix m"^.cd Ky
Quo'c ViOt hiû
5.12 liTdng roi lux giay Ix.s m~^.cd.s te Nam
5.13 dp tu (quang luTc) diop® diop m'
6. Bdn vi km
6.1 tan so'am hec Hz S-'
yotta yotta Y 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10^^
6.2 ap suat am pascan Pa m'.kg.s-^
6.3 van toe truyen am met tren giay m/s m.s ' zetta zetta Z 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10^'
6.4 mat do nang li/dng jun tren met J/m' m"'j<g.s^ 1
am kho'i exa exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10'*
6.5 cong suat am oat W mlkg.s"^ peta peta P 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10'-'
6.6 cirdng dp am odt tren met W/m^ kg.s-'
vuong tera tera T 1 000 000 000 000 = 10'^
6.7 trd khang am (siJc pascan giay Pa.sW m-^.kg.s-'
can am hpc) tren met kho'i giga giga G 1 000 000 000 = 10'
6.8 trd khang cd (siJc niutPn giay N.s/m kg.s' mega mega M 1 000 000 = 10^
can cc< hpc) tren met
7. DoTn v| hoa ly va vat ly phfln tvt kilo kilo k 1 000 = 10^
7.1 nguyen tiif khoi kilogam kg kg
7.2 phan tuTkhoi kilogam kg kg hecto hecto h 100 = 10^
7.3 nong dp mol mol tren m6t mol/m^ m \mol deca deea da • ••'•Vv,'^-, 10 = 10'
khoi
7.4 hoa the jun tren mol J/mol mlkg.s^lmor'
436 437
B6i duSng hgc sinh gioi V$l ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
MVC LVC
Ten
K ' v
Quo'c Vivt ivy "hdn thii nhat

te' Nam hiû
TINHDIEN
Chuyen de 1 :USC TUfdNG T A G T I N H D I E N 3

Chuyen de 2: D I E N TRUCJNG 25
deci deci d 0,1 = 10-' Chuyen dS 3: DIEN THE VA HIEU DIEN THE 46
Chuyen de 4: TIJ DIEN 71
centi centi c 0,01 = 10-^ ; m (tBd nXni • • ; • .
Phdnthithai ^
mili mili m :i 0,001 = 10'^ D6NG D I E N K H O N G D O I
C/iM^n 5/DONG DIEN KHONG DOI - DIEN TR6
micro micro 0,000 001 = 10-^ ^ DINH LUAT 6 M C H O DO AN M A C H 125
Chuyen d^ 6.MACH CAU DIEN TRd 166

nano nano n 0,000 000 001 = 10"' Chuyen de 7: DIEN TRCJ PHU TRONG CAC DUNG CU DO DIEN 185
Chuyen de 8: CONG VA CONG SUAT CUA DONG DIEN 199
pico pico P 0,000 000 000 001 = 1 0 ' ^ Chuyen de 9: DINH LUAT OM CHO TOAN MACH -
DINH LUAT OM TONG QUAT 217
femto femto f 0,000 000 000 000 001 = 10"'^ Chuyen de 10: CONG VA CONG SUAT CUA NGUON DIEN
VA MAY THU DIEN 311
atto atto a 0,000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10"'* Chuyen de 11: DONG DIEN TRONG CAC MOI TRUING 353
zepto zepto z 0,000 000 000 000 0 0 0 000 001 = 10-^' •*n'^." Phdnthiiba i
D I E N TlJ ^
yocto yocto y 0,000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-^*
Chuyen de 12: TlJ TRUCfNG 364
Chuyen de 13: Ll/C TlJ 380
Chuyen de 14: CAM LfNG DIEN T\J 403
Chuyen di 75.-HIEN T U O N G T U CAM 426
0:
. • . • . .1., ; ^

Bồi Dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi Vật Lý Lớp 11 - Tập 1

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Bồi Dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi Vật Lý Lớp 11 - Tập 1

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Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhnnn Vi?

LQI NOIDAU mdn thvrnhat

Bai giai ^,, ,

- Lire hap dan giifa hai proton la: F ' = G

. F,3 = va a = (F,3,F23) = 60° => F 3 = 2F,3Cos-^ = 2 k \0 q i % 12%

+ do Idn: F3 = 45.10"'N. \: - Bai giai

(-12,5.10"^).210"^ Vay: LiTc tac dung len m 6 i dien tich c6:

a. T i m lire tac dung len m o i dien tich. »| va F^ = F^ + F23 + 2 F 1 F 2 3 C O S P , v d i :

+ do \dn:F= V6k^. F2, = F 4 , = F r i = k \ ; F 3 , = k = k-

- Do'ivdiqi: F, = + F3, + F^,, F31(z) = 0

vdi: F21 = F31 = F41 : 0; F4i(y) = F41 = k \ ; F 4 i ( z ) = 0

F4i(y) = F4i(z, = F4iCos45° = k k ^ ' 0; F4-i(y) = F4'i(z) = - F 4 ' , c o s 4 5 ° =

.9.10\ '— « 0,45.10"'N

F l z = F2I(z) + F3i(z) + F4i(z) + Fri(z) + F2-l(z) + FS-KZ) + F4-i(z) ' > * M

^2^1 , ^3^1 1i'l2 , 1312

a 3 ^ 2kq^l F2 va lire day Ac-si-met F^ .

+ Cac \\ic d i e n tac dung l e n qf. F j j . F j , . ! ' '

hirdng du^a trd ve vj tri 2/7 2

V a y : D i e n tich cua vong day la Q = ± 9. IO"*C. trong no.

+ C h i e u : q > 0 : F , E cung chieu; q < 0: F , E ngiTOcchieu. * bingvllirc: F = F,+F2+... = 6

11. D i n h h' O s t r o g r a d s k i - Gauss tich d i e m . rJy->'y^r 'ii','' • ••' •

N = — E q ; = 47iklq; , ; - vf^'-"".: • ^' • Dung djnh l i 0 - G : N = — S q ; = 47tklq;

= > E M = 36.10^-4.10-^ = 32.10' V/m

4.10 -10 + chieu: hu'dng ra xa A. M A B

+ phi/Png: dirdng thang A B . V i qi| = |q2|;NA = N B = a ; a = 60°

- V i Ej Cling chieu vdi E2 nen E M = E I + E2. 8.10- 2.10,-2

- D o Idn life tac dung len q dat tai C:

+ phi/dng: song song vdi A B . EQ = Ej + E2 + E 3 + E^ = E,3 + E24 => Eo = 0

A H = VHB.HC = V32.I8 = 24cm. :9B A ®

Ej ~i~ ^2 ^3 — E j ~i~ E2'^ •

- V i E, I E 2 3 = > E H = +E^3 ^^Ef+(E2-E3)2 ' F

Vdi: E,= = 9 . 1 0 ' . _ i ^ = ^ V / m .

2kq b) Gid tri cua h de E M dat ciTc dai

- V i E , 3 va E2 CLing chieu nen: ED = E | 3 + E2 ! Ta c6: E^ = Ej + E j + E3 = E, + E23.

- V I a = ( E j . E j ) = 60° nen t ulri;:;, B . ( v > '

Bai giai SH^+SA^-AH^

E„ ^ can phai tac dung liTc dien tru'dng ngUdc

3. Cl/dNG D O D I E N TRl/OfNG D O V ^ T MANG D I E N CO KICK THl/OfC 2mg£o.tana

Vi F,' ngiTdc chieu vdi F2 nen F' = F, - F j . .1-

+ Theo dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = —Zqi de'n d i e m M )

+ D i e n thong qua mat cau S2 (ban kinh T2) la: N = E S 2 = E. 4 ^ 2 .

hai tam giac O1O2M va M P Q dong dang, tijT do:

A^^, . _ A , dien the.

E)6 bien thien nang liTcfng cua he:

Mat khac: B P ' - P A ' = A B ' = 64

a) Dien the'tai tam O va tai trung diem M cua AB f-

X -a a -nq - Dien the' tai trung diem M eua canh AB:

- C6 ba trirdng hdp: 1-n

B a i giai ( W A . W B : the nang cua dien tich q tai vi tri A , B ) .

M Ap dung dinh luat bao loan nang lUdng: H

- Dien thong qua mat kin S: N = ^EAS.cosa = ES ^0 8 4 7t R^e„ R^

D i e n dung cua tu dien phang: C . (S la dien tich phan d o i dien giffa

+ n la so la t u , S la dien tich phan doi dien giffa cac la t u , d la khoang

Vay: Vdi r > R thi V = ^ ; vdi r = R thi 47ikd ' " 4 : r k d

w=^-i 1 47ikd-^ ^ (vdi tu dien phang).

- Hieu dien the giiJa hai ban: U = Vi - V2 = — ( - ^ ^ — ) C3

vdi E = — 9 — 1^ ciTdng do dien triTdng do mot ban tu gay ra. 6.10"^

- Dien tich cua t u C i : ^' 2

- Hieu dien the cua tu Ci: U, = — = ^-^^^^^— = 6 V . C3 2 '

- Dien tich cua tu C2: Q2 = C2U2 = 2.10 ^4 = 0,8.10 ' C. C .C 2C . 2 C

B a i giai Tim hieu dien the giiTa B, D neu sau do:

- He du'dc x e m gom hai tu C| va C2 ghep song song nhau. ^)NoiAv^iB ^ .

eS Khong noi A , B nhu"ng lap day khoang giffa B, D bang dien m o i c6 e = 3.