Republi c of t he Philippi nes

CAVI TE STATE UNI VERSI TY

Bacoor Ci ty Ca mpus
Sol di ers Hill s I V, Moli no VI,
Ci t y of Bacoor, Cavi te

CRI MI NAL LA W 2- CLA W 4

Mi dt er m Exa mi nati on (IST Se m 2021- 2022)

I- Defi ni ti on:
1. Co mmon l aw cri me
-In t he Uni t ed Stat es, t hese ar e ref err ed t o as "common l aw
off enses. “ And Engl and as a coll ecti on of val ues, cust o ms, and
gui deli nes f or behavi our t hat do not rel y on any expli cit and posi ti ve
aut hori ty f or t hei r aut hori ty I n t hi s case, decl ar ations of t he
l egi sl at ur e' s will are not acknowl edged. Country unl ess t he penal
code has a speci fic pr ovi si on or parti cul ar cri mi nal l egi sl ati on t hat
speci fi es and puni shes t he cri me, even if it i s a mi nor i nfracti on
Ther e i s no cri mi nal cul pability f or doi ng so met hi ng t hat i s soci all y or
et hi call y wr ong.
2. Ex Post Fact o Law
- An ex post f act o l aw i s one whi ch: makes cri mi nal an act done
bef or e t he passage of t he l aw and whi ch was i nnocent when done,
and puni shes such an act; aggr avat es a cri me, or makes i t gr eat er
t han i t was, when co mmi tt ed; changes t he puni shment and i nfli cts a
gr eat er puni shment t han t he l aw annexed t o t he cri me when
co mmi tt ed; al t ers t he l egal r ul es of evi dence, and aut hori zes
convi cti on upon l ess or di ff er ent t estimony t han t he l aw r equi r ed at
t he ti me of t he commi ssi on of t he offense; assu mi ng t o regul at e ci vil
ri ghts and r e medi es onl y, i n eff ect i mposes penal ty or depri vati on of
a ri ght f or so met hi ng whi ch when done was l awf ul ; and depri ves a
person accused of a cri me of so me l awf ul pr ot ecti on t o whi ch he has
beco me enti tl ed, such as t he pr ot ecti on of a f or mer convi cti on or
acqui tt al, or a pr ocl a mati on of a mnest y.
3. Poli ce Power
- The poli ce power i s t he st at e' s i nher ent ability t o i mpose r easonabl e
restri cti ons essential t o mai nt ai n publi c or der, heal t h, co mf ort, gener al
wel f ar e, saf et y, and mor al s, wi t hi n the boundari es of st at e and f eder al
constit uti ons."

4. Posi ti vi st Theor y
– basi s i s t he su m of soci al and econo mi c phenomena whi ch
condi ti ons man t o do wr ong i n spi t e of or contr ary t o hi s voliti on. Thi s
i s exe mplifi ed i n the pr ovi si ons on i mpossi bl e cri mes and habi t ual
deli nquency.

5. Engli sh Rul e
- Gener al Rul e: Cri mes co mmi tt ed aboar d a f or ei gn vessel wi t hi n t he
territ ori al wat ers of a country ar e tri abl e i n t he courts of such
country.

6. Mi st ake of Fact
- mi sappr ehensi on of f act on t he part of t he person who caused i nj ur y t o
anot her. He i s not cri mi nall y li abl e.

7. I mpossi bl e Cri me
- The co mmi ssi on of an i mpossi bl e cri me i s i ndi cati ve of crimi nal pr opensi ty
or cri mi nal t endency on t he part of the act or. Such person i s a pot enti al
cri mi nal . Accor di ng t o posi ti vi st t hi nki ng, t he co mmuni t y must be pr ot ect ed
from anti -soci al acti viti es, whet her actual or pot enti al, of t he mor bi d t ype
of man call ed "soci all y danger ous person. "

8. Li ght Fel ony

- Li ght f el oni es ar e t hose i nfracti ons of l aw f or t he co mmi ssi on of whi ch a
penal ty of arrest menor or a fi ne not exceedi ng 200 pesos or bot h; i s
pr ovi ded.

9. Speci al Penal Law

- Speci al Penal Laws and t hey f or m part of Phili ppi ne Cri mi nal Laws. Thus,
no cri mi nal i nt ent i s needed i n or der t o fi nd a person
li abl e f or cri mes puni shed under Speci al Penal Laws.
As l ong as t he act i s co mmi tt ed, t hen i t i s puni shabl e
as a cri me under l aw.
10. Fel ony
- The f el ony i s consu mmat ed t he moment a f al se wi t ness i s off er ed i n any
j udi ci al or offi ci al pr oceedi ng. Looki ng f or a f al se
wi t ness i s not puni shed by l aw as t hat i s not off eri ng
a f al se wit ness

II- Di sti ngui sh:

1. Gener ality from Territori ality
- Gener al – bi ndi ng on all persons who r esi de or soj our n i n t he
Phili ppi nes
- Territori al – penal l aws of t he Phi li ppi nes ar e enf orceabl e onl y
wi t hi n its territory
2. Dol o from Cul pa
- dol o means “decei t” and cul pa means i s “f aul t”

3. Err or i n Personae/ Pr aet er Int enti one m/ Aberr ati o Ict us

- Err or i n personae – mist ake i n identi ty

Abber ati o i ctus – mist ake i n bl ow

Pr aet or i nt enti one m – l ack of i ntent t o co mmi t so grave a wr ong

4. Mal a i n Se from Mal a Pr ohi bi ta
- Vali d def ense, unl ess t he cri me i s t he r esul t of cul pa, not a def ense;
i nt ent not necessar y suffi ci ent t hat t he off ender has t he i nt ent t o
per petrat e t he act pr ohi bi ted by t he speci al l aw

5. I mbecility from I nsani ty

- I MBECI LE – one whil e advanced i n age has a ment al devel op ment
co mpar abl e t o t hat of chil dr en bet ween 2 and 7 years ol d. He i s exe mpt i n
all cases from cri minal li ability.
I NSANE – one who acts wi t h co mpl ete depri vati on of i ntelli gence/r eason
or wi t hout t he l east di scer nment or wi t h t ot al depri vation of freedo m of
wi ll ? Mer e abnor mality of t he ment al f acul ti es will not excl ude i mput ability.

6. For mal from Mat eri al Cri me

- consu mmat ed i n one i nst ant, no att e mpt t her e are t hr ee st ages of
executi on.
 7. Conspi racy from pr oposal t o co mmi t a f el ony
- Conspi racy i s negati ved by t he acqui tt al of co- def endant. Is di ff er ent
from conspi racy as a manner of i ncurring cri mi nal li ability.

8. Gr ave/Less Gr ave/Li ght Fel oni es

- Gr ave f el oni es – affli cti ve penal ti es: 6 yrs. and 1 day t o r ecl usi on
Per pet ua (life)
- Less gr ave f el oni es – corr ecti onal penal ti es
- Li ght f el oni es ar e puni shabl e onl y when t hey have been
consu mmat ed, wi th t he excepti on of t hose co mmi tt ed agai nst persons or
pr opert y.

9. I mput ability from r esponsi bility

- I mput ability i s t he quality by whi ch an act may be ascri bed t o a
person as i ts aut hor or owner. It i mplies t hat t he act commi tt ed has been
freel y and consci ousl y done and may, t her ef or e, be put down t o t he doer
as hi s very own.
Responsi bility i s the obli gati on of suff eri ng t he consequences of cri me. It
i s t he obli gati on of taki ng t he penal and ci vil consequences of t he cri me.

10. Justifyi ng from exe mpti ng ci rcums tance

- Exe mpti ng ci rcu mst ances ( non-i mput ah-lity) ar e those gr ounds f or
exe mpti on fr o m puni shment because t her e i s wanti ng i n t he agent of t he
cri me any of t he condi ti ons whi ch make t he act vol unt ary or negli gent.

III Enu mer ati on:

1. Exe mpti ons t o the r ul e on t erritoriality ( 1) i mport ati ons or export ati ons
wi t hi n t he fra me wor k of t hi s Agr eement ( 2) pr ef er enti al treat ment and
cl ai ms pr ocedur es (3) verifi cati on pr ocedur es ( 4) cust oms val uati on and
tariff cl assi fi cati on of goods ( 5) r estri cti ons or pr ohi bi ti ons on i mports
and/ or exports
2. El e ment s of Fel oni es 1. Ther e must be an act or o mi ssi on 2. Thi s must
be puni shabl e by t he RPC 3. Act or o mi ssi on was done by means of dol o or
cul pa
3. Li ghts f el oni es puni shed by t he Revi sed Penal Code I ntenti onal Fel oni es-
by means of decei t (dol o) Cul pabl e Fel oni es- by means of faul t (cul pa)
4. El e ment s of Fr ustrat ed Fel ony *t he off ender perf or ms all t he act s of
executi on. *All t he acts perf or med woul d pr oduce t he f el ony as a
consequence. * But t he f el ony i s not pr oduced. *By reason of causes
i ndependent of t he wi ll of t he per petrato.
5. Requi sites of Conspi racy 1. Two or mor e persons co me t o an agr ee ment
2. For t he co mmi ssi on of a f el ony 3. And t hey deci de t o commi t it
6. Affli cti ve Penal ties *Recl usi on per pet ua *Recl usi on t empor al
7. Justifyi ng ci rcumst ances Sel f-def ense *Def ense of r el ati ves *Def ense of
stranger *St at e of necessi ty.
8. Exe mpti ng ci rcumst ances *I nsani ty and I mbecility *Mi nority *Acci dent
*Co mpul si on of an Irr esi sti bl e f orce *I mpul se of uncontroll abl e f ear of an
equal or gr eat er i nj ury *Lawf ul or i nsuper abl e cause *Absol ut ory causes
*I nsti gati on and entrap ment.
9. Requi si tes of Def ense of a r el ati ve - spouse, ascendants, descendant s,
or l egi ti mat e, nat ural or adopt ed br ot hers or si st ers, or hi s r el ati ves by
affi ni ty i n t he sa me degr ees and t hose consangui ni ty wi t hi n t he f ourt h ci vil
degr ee.
10. El e ment s of atte mpt ed Fel ony *Offender co mmences the f el ony di rectl y
by overt acts *Does not perf or m all acts whi ch woul d produce t he f el ony
*Hi s acts ar e not stopped by hi s own spont aneous desi st ance.

IV- Pr obl e ms:

1. A was t he att endi ng physi ci an i n W’ s gi vi ng of bi rt h. A sacri fi ced t he lif e
of t he unbor n chil d t o save t he life of A.
Is A cri mi nall y li abl e? Expl ai n.
- No, t her e i s no crimi nal li ability because t her e i s no cri minal i nt ent t o
kill an unbor n chil d t o save A.
-
2. A gave B a poi son to i mpl e ment t hei r pl an t o kill W. B pl aced t he poi son
on W’s f ood. The poi son was act uall y a powder ed mil k.
A. . What cri me or cri mes if any di d A and B act uall y co mmi t ? Expl ai n.
- Fr ustrat ed f el ony, because t her e was i nt ent t o poi son W’ s and t o
mi xed a powder ed mi l k t o kill W’ s.

B. W had t o be hospi tali zed f or 10 days for hi s all er gy t o powder ed mil k.

Wi ll t hi s ci rcumst ance aff ect your ans wer t o l ett er A? Expl ai n
- A was t he suspect t o poi son W’ s, so W’ s was i n t he hospi t al f or 10
days, A will convi ct frustrat ed f el ony.
3. A r epeat edl y pull ed t he pony t ail of W, her 17 years ol d cl ass mat e i n
Gr ade 11.
W t ur n ar ound and s wung her ball pen agai nst A. The t op of t he ball pen hi t
t he ri ght eye of A.
Is W cri mi nall y li abl e? Expl ai n.
- No, because Wi s a mi nor
4. A and B wer e mar ri ed i n t he Phili ppi nes. A went t o t he U. S. t o t ake
gr aduat e st udi es. A met W hi s f or mer gi rlfri end. They got marri ed t her eat.
B fil ed a case of bi ga my agai nst A i n RTC Bacoor.
Wi ll t he case pr osper ? Expl ai n.