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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 - Module 3
RESEARCH PROBLEM

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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 - Module 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM

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Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or
office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted
to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: GILBERT S. BALNIG

Editors: EXCELSA F. BUAN
Reviewers: JOY G. CABRERA, EPS / DARCY GUY Y. MAÑEBO, EPS
Illustrator: Gilbert S. Balnig
Layout Artist: GILBERT S. BALNIG

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

2
Quarter 1 - Module 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM

I. Introduction:

Research plays salient and integral roles and contributions to the educational

system and sector. Addressing various educational issues, concerns, phenomena, problems

and challenges can be most appropriately attained through the application of research

procedures, methods and applications. Moreover, research also opens ample opportunities

to discover, explore and develop varied educational innovations and breakthroughs that

could benefit the learners, faculty and entire school community.

II. Objectives: CS_RS12-ld-e-1;2;3;4

At the end of the activity, learners are expected to:

1. familiarize with the guidelines or standards for formulating a research title;

2. comprehend the standards in composing a research rationale, introduction or background

of the study; and

3. formulate accurate research questions based on research standards.

III. Vocabulary List:

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 \

Objectives- These are the purposes behind the conduct of the study.

Rationale- It discusses the general problem, specific situations and reasons for

conducting the study.

IV. Pre-test

Write T if the statement is True and F if it is false.

1. The research title should be highly detailed.

2. The research title should be written in a complete sentence.

3. The research questions represent the objectives of the study.

4. The background of the research should start with the discussion of the general

problem.

5. Guidelines andand
The population Standards
samplinginofthe
theFormulation
study shouldof
beamentioned
Research in
Title
the scope and

delimitation.

V. Learning Activities
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FORMULATING A RESEARCH TITLE

1. The title must be broad enough to cover all pertinent and essential aspects of the study but should

be brief and concise.

2. The title must contain the following elements:

a. subject matter or research problem

b. the setting or locale of the study

c. the respondents or participants involved in the study

d. the time or period when the study was conducted (if the title is too long because of these

elements, the timeframe may be omitted)

3. Avoid terms such as “Analysis of”, “A Study of”, “An Investigation of” and the like in the

title because all these are understood to have been done in a research.

4. If the title contains more than one line, it should be written in inverted pyramid.

5. When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title should be in capital letters.

6. If possible, the title should not be longer than 15 substantive words.

7. Avoid a long detailed title that gives detailed information.

8. If the terms such as assessment and evaluation are already emphasized in the study, these

should be deleted in the title to shorten it.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TITLE

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 The following are the standard attributes of a good and accurate research title:

1. The title should provide clear information about the objectives and contents of the

research.

2. The research title should not be stuffy or dull, instead it should capture what the study

will cover.

3. A research title should be in phrase form rather than a complete sentence.

4. Formulate a research title in a straightforward manner.

5. A research title does not make use of a punctuation.

6. A research title is not underlined or enclosed in quotation marks

Examples of Approved Titles in Various Disciplines

1. Higher Order Thinking Skills in Reading of Freshmen in University of Northern

Philippines, Academic Year 2015-2016

2. Pinay Single Mom: Paghanga o Pagkutya? A Multi-Case Study on the Lives and

Experiences of the Solo Parents in Zamboanga City

3. Establishment of Jackfruit Tea Processing Plan in Barangay Bantayan, Tabaco, Albay

4. Life’s Adjustment of Yolanda Victims in Tacloban City

5. Awareness on Traffic Rules and Regulations of Tricycle Operators and Driver’s

Association in Brgy. Culiat, Quezon City, Calendar Year 2015

DESCRIBING BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH

The background of the study contains information about the significance and validity of the
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research problem. It generally aims to orient the readers to the problem area. It serves to tackle the
 Important Elements to be Included in the Background of the Research

Important Elements to be Included in the Background of the Research

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1. general situations related to the main problem

2. specific situations observed and experienced by the researcher

3. related concepts and ideas to the problem including important vocabularies

4. discussion of existing or present situations

5. gaps to be filled in by the study

STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research Questions- are also called investigative questions and are the specific questions

which are to be answered in the study. These are all in question form. Answering these

specific research questions is important in determining and applying the appropriate solution

to the problem.

STANDARDS IN FORMULATING GOOD RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. The research questions should reflect objectives that are observable, measurable or

verifiable.

2. The research questions should reflect clear goals or objectives, stated in precise goals.

3. The research questions or problems should be limited enough to make definite conclusions

possible.

4. The major research question may be followed by minor statements or questions.

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Investigative Questions- are the specific questions in topical form that lead to the attainment

of research objectives and in testing the hypothesis.

This study aimed to assess the status of implementation of DepED Computerization Program

in the Division of Camarines Norte, school year 2020-2021.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the status of implementation of DepED Computerization Program in SDO

Camarines Norte in terms of:

1.1 manpower

1.2 resources

1.3 materials and

1.4 curriculum and instruction?

2. What are the factors that affect the implementation of DepED Computerization Program in

SDO Camarines Norte as to:

2.1 economic factors

2.2 academic factors

2.3 physical and technological factors and

2.4 social factors?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the status of implementation of DepED

Computerization Program and the cited factors?

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4. What are the challenges encountered by the schools in SDO Camarines Norte in the

implementation of DepED Computerization Program in terms of:

4.1 pre-implementation

4.2 during implementation and

4.3 post-implementation?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the status of implementation of DepED

Computerization Program and the cited challenges?

6. What recommendations may be proposed to enhance the implementation of DepED

Computerization Program in SDO Camarines Norte?

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 VI. Practice Tasks

Practice Task #1

Directions: Put a cross mark on the box that contains the item that should not be found in a

good research title and check mark for an item that is covered in an ideal title of a study.

1. 2.
Setting or locale of the
“Analysis of”
study

3. 4.
Complete sentence of
Period of the study
objective

5. 6.
Subject matter of the study “Evaluation of”

7. 8.
Too much detailed
respondents
information

Practice Task #2

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 Directions: Kindly identify if each research title below is a good one. Then justify or

explain why it can be considered as an appropriate research title. If the research title is

erroneous, justify also what makes it an erratic title. Write your explanations on the blanks

provided after each given title.

Assessment of the Status of Oplan Kalusugan Program in the Division of Camarines Norte
1.
and Its Implications to the Health-Care Services Offered to the School-Age Children in

Public Schools

__________________

2.

Evaluation of the Pedagogical Performance of BSED Teachers in SDO

Camarines Norte is Important as Basis for Intervention Plan in Line with
Teachers’ Rating System.

3.

Level of Acceptability of the Tracing Guide for Children with Cerebral Palsy
by the Special Education Teachers in the Division of Pampanga, School Year
2020-2021

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4.

Analysis of the Coping Mechanisms to Emergent Literacy Program of the Indigenous

Children

____________

5.

Health Practices of MAPEH Teachers

______

Practical Task 3
Practice Task #3
Directions: Write a research title based from the situation cited in each item below. Consider

the standards in formulating a research title as discussed in the prior learning activities. Write

the title on the space provided below the situation.

Situation 1

The researcher aimed to assess the higher order thinking skills in reading of the learners. The

respondents were the freshmen students from University of Northern Philippines. The period

of the study was academic year 2015-2016.

TITLE: ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________.

Situation 2

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The researcher aimed to assess the level of multifaceted police-community programs of PNP

Camarines Norte. The key respondents were the selected 100 PNP officers in Camarines

Norte. Another group of respondents was composed of 50 selected residents in the locale.

The timeframe of the study was 2018-2019.

TITLE: ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

Situation 3

The researcher was curious about the extent of faith healing in Basud, Camarines

Norte. The respondents were the selected 10 faith healers and 50 selected residents who have

experiences of consulting and resorting to services of faith healers. The study also aimed to

analyze the medical, cultural, religious and social effects of faith healing to the community.

TITLE:

____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.
Practice Task #4

Directions: Based from the discussions cited in the learning activities above, kindly arrange

the following items based on the standard hierarchy or arrangement of contents of a good

background of the study. Rank using 1 as the topmost component or the concepts in the first

or preliminary paragraphs up to 5 as the final component.

a. Local scenarios related to the main problem

b. legal basis of the study

c. global trends or general situation related to the main problem

d. motivation of the researcher in conducting the study

e. national situations related to the main problem

Practice Task #5

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 Directions: Read carefully the following sample of background of the study. Kindly encircle

the paragraphs for global scenario, box the motivation and underline the national scenario.

In a global context, children with autism are one of the most prioritized recipients of Special
Education programs, interventions and services. Several children with autism are continuously being
subjected to especially designed curriculum and educational services provided by Special Education
teachers across the globe. Special education teachers perceive and realize the academic potentials of these
special needs children despite of their condition including reading skills and competence. In the study of
Hanes (2013), it was found that autism is one of the most common types of disabilities among children in
Asia, USA, Europe and other corners of the globe. It was also revealed in this study that majority or 48
percent of the teacher-respondents were actively engaged in the provision of special education services
and interventions for children with autism.
In the Philippines, different public schools implement special education programs that serve to
mainstream special needs children in these schools. These children include those who are affected by
autism. In order to cater and respond well with the needs of these special needs children, Filipino Special
Education Teachers continue to expand their knowledge, competence and expertise in educating these
children through their active participation in teacher-training programs and post graduate studies. In the
study conducted by Rufos (2015), it was revealed that 53 percent of the teacher respondents are actively
engaged in teacher training programs centered on pedagogies and services intended to serve the needs of
special children like those affected by autism.
Special Education teachers from different education districts and divisions realize the learning
potentials of children with autism but highly observe the vulnerability of these learners to learning
disabilities including reading difficulties. Several special education teachers from different local districts
are in fact engaged in action researches and local studies that are centered on the development and
interventions to address the early reading difficulties of children with autism.
In view of these, this current study aimed to explore on the early reading difficulties of the children
with autism in Daet District as basis for the development and evaluation of developmentally-appropriate
intervention materials in line with phonemics. Being a special education teacher, the researcher has ample
teaching experiences and background in teaching and handling children with autism. In fact, at present, the
researcher personally handles one child with autism in her class, and her daily encounter with this child
shows that phonemic reading difficulties are evident among them. Some of these reading difficulties that
the researcher observes among her pupils with autism are typically in the form of letter-sound
correspondence or matching the initial, middle and final sounds to the equivalent vowel and consonant
letters. All these serve as the motivation of the researcher in conducting this study. The researcher
recognized the potentials in reading of children with autism. However, some forms of reading barriers
specifically in phonemics need to be addressed and dealt with. The researcher realized the need to develop
and utilize a developmentally-appropriate intervention material in reading specifically designed for
children with autism. This was to provide these special needs children with supplemental and alternative
materials that could serve as intervention to address their early reading difficulties.

Practice Task #6
Practical Task 6

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Directions: Complete the following research questions. Choose the correct variables from the

box below to fill in the research questions.

Trainings attended

Learning competencies

Length of service

Objectives

Sex educational attainment

Teaching competencies

Computer facilities methods of teaching employed

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4 ?

2. What is the extent of teachers’ involvement in the implementation of DepED

Computerization Program in terms of:

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5 ?

Practice Task #7

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Directions: Kindly formulate a research question based on each situation. Write your answer

on the space provided.

1. The identified factors that affect the early language skills of the pupils were early linguistic

trainings received, teacher’s pedagogical approach, parental support systems, study habits.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. The profile of the teacher-respondents varies in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational

attainment, position, length of service and trainings attended in Oplan Kalusugan Program.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. The study assessed the level of implementation of Every Child a Reader Program in Daet

North District in terms of curriculum and instruction, faculty trainings, instructional materials

and resources and reading assessment.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. The challenges encountered by the teachers in the implementation of distance learning

during the pandemic are in terms of access of learners to technology, alternative learning

systems, financial support and learners’ motivation and attitude towards distance learning.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the developed Bread and Pastry Module for

senior high school students in terms of objectives, contents, competencies, special features

and assessment.

RESEARCH QUESTION: ____________________________________________________

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 VII. Post-test
Directions: Kindly answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the purpose of formulating research questions?

a. to define vocabulary b. to treat the data gathered c. to reflect and state the

specific objectives of the study d. to assess and compare the responses of

informants

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good background of the study?

a. too lengthy b. ambiguous in objectives c. has no motivation d. discusses the

clear purpose of the study and its legal foundation

3. Which of the following is not encouraged to be included in a good research title?

a. subject matter b. the word assessment or evaluation c. respondents d. time or

period of the study

4. What should be the focus of the first or preliminary paragraph in a background of a study?

a. motivation of the researcher b. discussion of the problem in general c. legal basis

of the study d. gaps to be filled in by the research

5. Why is the construction of research questions important in a research ?

a. It discusses the foundation of the research.

b. It states the clear objectives and focus of the study.

c. It reveals immediately the solution to the problem.

d. It analyzes the implications of the problem.

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 VIII. Assignment/Additional Activities

Directions: Search for a published educational research about blended

learning approach. Ensure that appropriate references would be cited.

Kindly fill up the information about the study asked in the box below.

Title of the Study:

Subject Matter/Focus:
Respondents:
Time Frame:
Research Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.

IX. Answer Key

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Pre Test

1. F

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. T

Practical Task 1
1. setting or locale of the study – check mark
2. “Analysis of”- cross mark
3. period of the study-check mark
4. complete sentence of objective- cross mark
5. subject matter- check mark
6. “Evaluation of”- cross mark
7. too much detailed information-cross mark
8. respondents of the study-check mark

Practical Task 2
1. Wrong, because it contains the word assessment which is already emphasized in the study
and the title is too lengthy.
2. Wrong, because the title is stated in a complete sentence.
3. Good, because it is complete in information yet concise and clear.
4. Wrong, because it has no specific locale and respondents and the information is
incomplete.
5. Wrong, because it is incomplete in information.

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Practical Task 3

Situation 1- Higher Order Thinking Skills in Reading of the Freshmen Students in University
of Northern Philippines, school year 2015-2016

Situation 2- Level of Multifaceted Police-Community Programs of PNP Camarines Norte,

2018-2019

Situation 3- Faith Healing in Basud, Camarines Norte and Its Medical, Cultural, Religious
and Social Effects

Practical Task 4
a. 3 b. 4 c. 1 d. 5 e. 2

Practical Task 5
First Paragraph-Encircle
Fourth Paragraph- Box
Second Paragraph- Underline
Practical Task 6
1. ) 1.1 sex
1.2 educational attainment
1.3 length of service
1.4 trainings attended
2.) 2.1 objectives
2.2 teaching competencies
2.3 learning competencies
2.4 methods of teaching employed
2.5 computer facilities
Practical Task 7
1. What are the factors that affect the early language skills of the pupils as to:
1.1 early linguistic trainings received
1.2 teachers’ pedagogical approach
1.3 parental support systems and
1.4 study habits?

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2. What is the profile of the teachers in terms of :
2.1 age
2.2 sex
2.3 educational attainment
2.4 length of service and
2.5 trainings attended in Oplan Kalusugan?

3. What is the level of implementation of Every Child a Reader Program in Daet North
District in terms of:
3.1 curriculum and instruction
3.2 faculty trainings
3.3 instructional materials and resources and
3.4 reading assessment?

4. What are the challenges encountered by the teachers in the implementation of distance
learning during pandemic as to:
4.1 access of learners to technology
4.2 alternative learning systems
4.3 financial support and
4.4 learners’ motivation and attitude towards distance learning?

5. What is the evaluation of the developed Bread and Pastry module for senior high school
students in terms of:
5.1 objectives
5.2 contents
5.3 competencies
5.4 special features and
5.5 assessment?
Post Test

1. C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B

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Reference List

Almadrones, M.T. (2018). Reading Comprehension of Grade Six Pupils in Anita V. Romero
Elementary School ( Masters Thesis, Mabini College, Daet, Camarines Norte).

Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 2, Practical Research. Pp 35-45, Rex Publishing,
Sampaloc, Manila.

Barrot, Jessie S. (2018) . Practical Reearch 2 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing,
Quezon City.

Cristobal, Amadeo Jr. (2016) Practical Research , C & E Publishing.

Dames, Mylene ( 2020). Status of Implementation of DepEd Computerization Program in

the Division of Camarines Norte , SY 2020-2021. ( Masters Thesis, Mabini College,
Daet, Camarines Norte).

Faltado, R. E. (2016). Practical Research 2. Quantitative Research. pp 1-26, Lorimar

Publishing Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila.

Gabua, M. I. ( 2020). Modern Types of instructional Approaches in teaching world history of

Grade 8 of Sauyo High School, School Divion of Camarines Norte.

Laderas, J.M. (2020) . Practical Research 2, Research topic, Problem , Retrieved from
http://educ.pub/practical research 2 ..Retrieved on June 16, 2020.

Padua, M. G ( 2018). The level of Impleentation of Early Language and Literacy in Talisay
District.

Petalio, M.I. ( 2018). Teaching Creative Science of Grade 5 Pupils in Daet South District.

Prieto, N.G. Naval, V.C& Carey T.G. (2017) Practical Research 2 For Senior High School .
Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing Incorporated.

Talbot, D.F. (2015) The Importance of Qualitative Research and the problem of mass data
gathering. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com.retrieved on June 18, 2020.

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