Statutory format:

Function: Law protects personal data

Type of law: Company law
Company law is the area of law that governs the rights, relationships and conduct of people,
companies, organizations and businesses (Legal Career Path, 2021) .
Elements: Confidentiality, integrity and availability
Act: Data Protection Act 2018
Regulation: Companies which are responsible for the use of personal data must follow strict
rules. They must ensure that information is used fairly, legally and transparently,...
Information providers have the right to learn about information that companies hold about
them. These include the right to access personal data, the right to have incorrect data updated
and data erased, … (gov.uk, 2021)
Application: Pedagog limited company is responsible for protecting users' online information
such as phone number, home address, nationality, ... to protect user identity. This information
is confidential and is only shared in some emergency situations when the user is breaking the
law, is being investigated, ...
Impacts on company’s behaviour: The company Pedagog will have to explain the reason for
disclosing employee personal information along with a follow-up statement along with
compensation for employees exposed personal data. In addition, Pedagog will have to
upgrade its data protection system until there are no more security issues.
Penalty: Organisations that do not adhere to the rules set out by DPA risk prosecution by the
Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) where fines can reach up to £500,000 and even
imprisonment (experian, 2021) .

Common law format:

Function: The purpose of the Act is to protect consumers from poor service, defective goods,
or poor workmanship that a supplier may have provided.
Type of law: Contract law
Definition: Contract law is the body of law that governs, enforces, and interprets agreements
involving the exchange of goods, services, property, or money (LII, 2021).
Essential elements: Agreement, consideration, legality, intention to create
Legislation: The Goods and Services Supply Act (SGSA) 1982
Regulation: Suppliers have to perform work with reasonable care and skill, within a
reasonable time (when no completion date can be agreed). determined) and at a reasonable
price (where the fixed price is unreserved) (legislation.gov, 2021) .
Application: Pedagog has an obligation to offer quality products at reasonable prices. All
course materials posted on the company's platform are first reviewed by the PEDAGOG team
to ensure that the quality is up to company standards (Pedagog, 2021). In addition, the
company is also responsible for ensuring the quality of online teachers through the quality of
their lectures. The price of the course will be based on its difficulty. The more difficult the
course, the more effort it takes to teach the more it costs
Impacts: The Pedagog Company will have to explain to the customer why the quality of their
product is not up to their commitment, along with a statement that it will never let this happen
again.
Penalty: If a merchant breaches a service contract by failing to meet the standards required by
the The Goods and Services Supply Act (SGSA) 1982, the consumer has the right to repeat
the service or to receive a discount (businesscompanion, 2021)
Solution: First of all, the Company will have to re-examine its product quality appraisal
department. Next, the company will compare its educational products with the general
education level of the world. Finally, the company will reclassify its online learning program
so that students can learn according to their ability.

Common law format:

Function: protects people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society.
Type of law: Employment law
Definition: a set of laws that deal with the rights of employees and the responsibilities of
employers (CIPD, 2021) .
Essential elements: working conditions; health, safety and welfare; social security; wages and
trade unions.
Legislation: Race relations act 1976
Regulation: Under the Act, it is illegal to discriminate directly or indirectly on the basis of
race. The Act would address racial discrimination through legal proceedings (Runnymede,
2021)
Application: Workers can now take their employers to court if they feel they have been
treated unfairly because of their race. For example, Pedagog employees may denounce a
colleague or company owner on the grounds of racism. More specifically, you are paid less
than other colleagues because of your skin color despite having the same performance.
Impacts: The company will have to make an official apology to the person being sued as well
as to all company employees for racist behavior. In addition, the company must not only fully
compensate the missing amount for the victim but also pay the compensation. Finally, the
company must agree that the salary, bonus and benefits of employees are the same and not
based on the color of their skin.
Penalty: Unlike unfair dismissal, there is no cap on the amount of compensation a court can
award for racist conduct. Compensation includes rewards for emotional harm and rewards for
taking into account any losses suffered, for example loss of wages or pensions (LandauLaw,
2021) .
How statutory and common law is applied in the justice courts.
The legal system consists of rules, procedures, and institutions that allow public and private
projects to be carried out legally (akdlawyers, 2021). There are 4 types of law system
including civil law, common law, theocratic law and customary law.
When a lawsuit occurs, the court will decide whether the case applies statutory law or
common law. If there is no violation of statutory law, common law will be applied, through
the use precedent i.e similar decision will be given by the judges with similar facts in previous
cases.
The first case is law law, the case has violated the laws written by parliaments, Status laws are
already written and need just to be applied to a specific case.
Assume that Pedagog discloses personal information of employees to 3rd parties. Thus, the
company has violated the Data protection act 2018 and is subject to a fine of up to $ 500,000
and may even go to prison according to the provisions of the law.
As for the case of common law, also known as case law, depends on detailed records of
similar situations and statutes because there is no official legal code that can apply to a case at
hand. The judge presiding over a case determines which precedents apply to that particular
case.
Assuming Pedagog challenges people to find a hole in their website system that can steal their
customer information, if they find it, they will reward them with $200,000. There was a
person who found a system flaw but did not get paid as promised. Thus, the court decided that
Pedagog violated the terms of his contract and ordered the company to refund the plaintiff and
pay an additional $300,000.
Sources of law
1. Case law
Previous judgements by superior courts on comparable facts are known as case law (also
known as judicial precedent).
2. Equity
The Lord Chancellor established the Chancery Court to 'fill up the gaps' in the common law.
Equity grew more rigorous throughout time, and the Judicature Act of 1873 merged it with
common law.
3. Legislation
Delegated legislation is legislation enacted by ministries and local governments using powers
granted by parliament.
4. Customs
A custom is a set of rules that people follow consistently and freely. In practically all
communities, custom plays a significant role in regulating human behavior.
5. Conventions
Conventions are established norms based on tradition and practice throughout time. As a
result, they become a key factor in deciding how the government wields its authority.
6. Acts of Parliament
Parliamentary Acts Which are laws enacted by the legislature. The theory of parliamentary
sovereignty; enacted legislation (statutes or Acts passed by Parliament). Statutory laws are
frequently codified. That is to say, they are all gathered in one location.
7. European Union law
The law that emerges (comes) from the European Union's institutions. This has the power to
override national legislation. Since the UK joined the EU in 1973, European Union law has
been an increasingly important source.
8. European Convention on Human Rights
Since the Human Rights Act of 1998, which incorporated it into UK law, it has become an
increasingly important source of law.

Contract law
Definition: Contract law is the body of law that governs, enforces, and interprets agreements
involving the exchange of goods, services, property, or money (LII, 2021).
Essential elements: Agreement, consideration, legality, intention to create
Case example: Roscorla vs Thomas 1842
Definition of past consideration: If there is a contract available along with other promises
from one party in the future. Future promises are not included in the contract (Taxmann,
2021).
Rule of offer: Providing information is not considered an offer if the respondent has made the
same promise prior to the sale then the respondent will have a claim. Because the promise
was made after the sale, the claimant could not give any consideration to it; and therefore he
cannot claim it.
Why contract law is important: Contract law plays a role in protecting the people involved in
the contract, creating a legal framework. In addition, contract law can also resolve
agreements, regulate the contractual obligations and maintain compliance.
Impact of contract law on business: Contract law can create relationships with other
businesses by the terms and conditions in the contract. In addition, contract law also helps
customers ensure the quality of the product, the product manufacturing process, and the
product information as stated in the contract.
Specific example: The customer purchased an online course with a doctoral degree from the
company Pedagog. If Pedagog wants to sell a PhD course to a client, they must ensure that the
product is of the same good quality as they mentioned before the transaction is made. Before
trading, customers will be previewed by a short video summarizing the basic knowledge of
the course.
 References
1. Legalcareerpath.com. 2021. What is Corporate Law? | Becoming a Corporate Lawyer.
[online] Available at: <https://legalcareerpath.com/what-is-corporate-law/> [Accessed 4
November 2021].
2. GOV.UK. 2021. Data protection. [online] Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/data-
protection> [Accessed 4 November 2021].
3. Experian.co.uk. 2021. What is the Data Protection Act? | Experian Business. [online]
Available at: <https://www.experian.co.uk/business/glossary/data-protection-act/> [Accessed
4 November 2021].
4. LII / Legal Information Institute. 2021. Contract. [online] Available at:
<https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/contract> [Accessed 4 November 2021].
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<https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1982/29> [Accessed 4 November 2021].
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services> [Accessed 4 November 2021].
7. CIPD. 2021. Employment Law | CIPD. [online] Available at:
<https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/fundamentals/emp-law#gref> [Accessed 4 November
2021].
8. Runnymedetrust.org. 2021. Oral Histories. [online] Available at:
<https://www.runnymedetrust.org/histories/race-equality/48/race-relations-act-1976.html>
[Accessed 4 November 2021].
9. Landau Law. 2021. Race discrimination- specialist employment lawyers. [online] Available
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at: <https://www.taxmann.com/post/blog/consideration-under-the-indian-contract-act-
1872/#:~:text=Past%20consideration%20is%20a%20promise,promise%20from%20the
%20other%20party.> [Accessed 4 November 2021].