Translated from Spanish to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

ECCI University

Automation
Sebastián Castillo, Stephany surname, Iván surname, Duvan surname

ABSTRACT implantation of these outside the industry, such as

domestic, surgical, exploration applications
This work focuses on the evolution of automation
from its beginnings to the present, focusing on
the most relevant events and their importance in
the industry. A series of events have been
identified since the industrial revolution, which
have made automation the most reliable form of
process technification, providing cost and time
reduction in the production of goods. Keywords —
Mechanical and electromechanical elements, PLC,
semiconductors, digital computers,
microprocessors, I / O (input / output), programming
languages
INTRODUCTION
Automation is a concept that is often used in the
field of industry with reference to the system that
allows a machine to develop certain processes or
perform tasks without human intervention. It is
used frequently for its ability to save time and
money. The origins of automation are in
Prehistory, with the development of simple
machines that
they minimized the force that people had to
exert. Animal or human energy, over time,
began to be replaced by renewable energy (such
as wind energy or hydraulic energy). The next
stage in the development of automation
consisted of the use of clockwork mechanisms
for the repetition of actions. Throughout history,
man has resorted to different techniques with
which to reduce times and improve the quality of
processes, but it is since the beginning of the
20th century that automation for complex
processes using mechanical and
electromechanical elements ( motors, relays,
timers, counters, etc.), since then a race for the
improvement of automation has been generated
around the world,
(II) AUTOMATION OVERVIEW
- The origin dates back to the 1750s, when the
industrial revolution arose
- 1745: punch card controlled weaving
machines
- 1817-1870: Special machines for cutting
material
- 1863: First automatic piano, invented by
M.Fourneaux
- 1856-1890: Sir Joseph Whitworth emphasizes
the need for interchangeable parts
- 1870: First automatic lathe, invented by
Christopher Spencer
- 1940: Hydraulic, pneumatic and electronic
controls for automatic cutting machines
emerge
- 1945-1948: John Parsons begin
research on numerical control
- 1960-1972: Direct numerical control techniques
and manufacturing are developed
computerized
OBJECTIVES OF AUTOMATION
- Improve product quality and consistency
- Minimize effort and production
times.
- Improve productivity by reducing
manufacturing costs through better
production control.
- Improve quality through repetitive
processes.
- Reduce human intervention, boredom, and
the possibility of human error.
- Reduce damage to parts that would result from
manual handling.
- Increase security for staff.
- Save area in the plant making more
efficient
- The arrangement of the machines
 - The flow of material. (Conveyor = enter characterization data for each meter enter
Conveyor belt). (LayOut = Plant laboratory analysis data for corrections as
Distribution). needed; generate delivery tickets and reports,
- For the automation of processes, machines and improve data archiving and communications
operated with Programmable Controls (PLC) across the enterprise
were developed, currently of great expansion
in industries in general.
- Highest product quality is achieved
through machine accuracy
automated and by the elimination of the
errors of the human being; which in turn
has great savings in time and material by
eliminating the production of defective
parts.

(III) - SUPERVISORY SYSTEMS IN THE

AUTOMATION
A supervisory control system allows many IMPORTANCE
measurement parameters to be monitored and
controlled. Automates data processing, calculations A process acquisition system designed for fiscal
and online validation of measurement information flow measurement operation reduces financial
risk by ensuring greater measurement accuracy
and reliability, in addition to ongoing compliance
SYSTEM DESIGN with industry standards. The system also
standardizes practices and reduces complexity.
A control system designed for fiscal flow
to improve cost control, boost productivity, and
measurement generally includes a logic controller
optimize reporting capabilities
and flow computers, ideally the system offers
various measurement monitoring capabilities, built-
in redundancy, and the ability to integrate with SCD
hosts, SCADA, and other control systems. existing
third party control

APPLICATIONS

BENEFITS A process acquisition control system is an ideal

A supervisory control system allows many
measurement parameters to be monitored and
controlled. Automate data processing, calculations
and online validation of measurement information.
The system improves operational efficiency by
allowing operators to view historical measurement
trends, as well as process alarms
solution for a high volume flow fiscal metering
operation. Offshore pipeline and production site
operators, as well as refineries and chemical
plants, use this type of system to ensure
reliability during custody transfer,
transportation, loading and unloading of barges,
tankers and rail cars. Pipeline operators also use
control for better batch and profit / loss
control to maximize pipeline capacity and
utilization.
(IV) -RTU
Remote Terminal Unit
A Remote Terminal Unit (UTR or, better known by its
acronym in English, RTU) is a device based on
microprocessors, which allows obtaining independent
signals from the processes and sending the information
to a remote site where it is processed.1
Generally this remote site is a control room where a
central system is located SCADA which allows to
visualize the variables sent by the UTR. Within the
universe of UTR there are
the programmable logic controllers (PLCs)
who have complemented their
communication facilities. In the PLC world,
communications protocols for small control
systems (RS-485, SINEC
L1, Modbus, DNP3, CAN bus, IEC-101, IEC-105,etc ..) In
parallel in the world RTU has evolved in the electrical
industry, and other branches, where large SCADA
systems require the management of a large number
of signals with millisecond precision, which is
impossible to do with PLCs. In RTUs, the IEC or CEI
60870-4 communication protocol has been developed
and expanded to other equipment (energy meters,
protection relays, automatic regulators). For the
internal communications of the equipment, or
between them, the RTUs have adopted the Modbus
protocol, in the form of Modbus RTU, which can be
implemented over a network
WHAT IS A RTU
An RTU or Remote Terminal Unit is a device designed
for the control and automation of facilities. It has the
function of managing the physical equipment and at
the same time communicating with the SCADA
control system and they are, by far, the equipment
most used for the remote control of
distributed and / or unattended installations, it may be
thought that PLCs can also be used for this function, but
the difference in use between them is notable. While PLCs
are designed for industrial use, RTUs are more
appropriate for the remote control of facilities because
they incorporate a set of hardware and software
functionalities that are more suitable for that
environment, such as
- Environmental tolerance: ruggedized hardware
with wide range of humidity and
temperature.
- Multiple connection methods: Ethernet,
serial, GPRS / 3G / 4G, radio
- Different communication protocols: upstream
and downstream Modbus, SNMP, IEC-104,
DNP3
- More memory: for Store &
Fordware functions
For this reason, the RTUs have allowed a better and
greater remote control of the distributed facilities. It
should be noted that the needs of remote control
differ from the needs of industrial control. While in
the industry control to the millisecond is prioritized,
in the management of
Infrastructures must mainly meet two major
requirements, autonomy and reliability of the data.
Autonomy is a logical requirement. If RTUs are
installed primarily in distributed and / or unattended
locations, it means that there are no skilled operators
around when a failure or breakdown occurs. For this
reason, the teams must be able to continue working
regardless of the problem that occurs, adverse
weather conditions, power failures, communication
failures, tremors, shocks, ... An RTU must have the
necessary hardware and functionalities for an
environmental problem don't mean a stoppage
If the team can be isolated for hours, this should not
mean a loss of information. Therefore, an RTU must be
able to store all the relevant information during the
periods in which it does not communicate and, very
importantly, with its time stamp. In this way, the
SCADA when making the connection
will be able to contextualize all the data in its
specific moment. In addition, for good data
reliability, the RTU must be able to take the
initiative in communications if the situation
requires it, that is, not wait for the SCADA to ask it
(PULL communication), but send the message
itself. (PUSH communication) to ensure that it is
transmitted.
(V) -SCADA SYSTEMS
WHAT IS A SCADA SYSTEM, WHAT FOR
IT SERVES AND HOW IT WORKS
SCADA systems are crucial for industrial
companies as they help maintain efficiency,
process data to make smarter decisions, and
communicate system issues to help reduce
downtime.In this article, we will delve into the
features of a SCADA System and the components
that make its operation possible, among other
aspects.
WHAT IS A SCADA SYSTEM
The SCADA system is a tool
of automation and industrial control used in
production processes that can control, monitor,
collect data, analyze data and generate reports
remotely through a computer application. Its
main function is to evaluate the data in order to
correct possible errors In reality, its definition is
that of a group of computer applications installed
on a computer
called Master or MTU, intended for the automatic
control of a remote productive activity that is
interconnected with other so-called field
instruments such as programmable automatons
(PLC) and remote terminal units (RTU). SCADA
systems have become essential elements in
industrial plants today, helping to maintain
efficiency, process data to make smarter
decisions, and communicate system problems to
help reduce downtime or downtime. Similarly, an
effective SCADA system can be a significant
savings in time and money. Hence its importance
in modern industry.
WHAT IS A SCADA SYSTEM FOR?
This monitoring control system and data acquisition
made up of software and hardware enables
companies.
- Control industrial processes locally or
remotely.
- Monitor, collect and process data in
real time.
- Directly interact with devices such as
sensors, valves, motors, and the HMI
interface.
- Sequentially record events that occur in a
production process in a file or database.
- Create alarm panels in machine failures
due to operating problems.
- Manage Maintenance with the
quantities obtained.
- Quality control through collected
data
COMPONENTS OF A SCADA SYSTEM
- HMI: It is the interface that connects the man
with the machine, presenting the process data
to the operator through a monitoring system.
In addition, it controls the action to be carried
out through a screen, currently tactile.
- Monitoring system or
MTU (Computer / Computer): It has the
function of collecting the process data and
sending the instructions through a command
line.
- Remote Terminal Units (RTU): They are
microprocessors (Remote Computers) that
obtain independent signals from an action to
send the information obtained remotely for
processing. They are connected to sensors
that convert the received signals into digital
data that are sent to the computer or
supervision system (MTU)
- PLC: Commonly called programmable
automatons, these are used in the system
as field devices because they are more
economical, versatile, flexible and
configurable than the RTUs mentioned
above.
- Network or communication system: It is responsible
for establishing the connectivity of the computer
(MTU) to the RTUs and the PLCs. For this, it uses
connections via modem, Ethernet, Wifi or fiber optics.
- Sensors: They are devices that act as detectors
of physical or chemical magnitudes,
 called instrumentation variables, and
convert them to electrical variables or
signals.
- Actuator: It is a mechanical device that is
used to act or offer movement on another
mechanical device
HOW A SCADA SYSTEM WORKS
(BASIC DIAGRAM)
The basic architecture of a SCADA system is
composed of programmable logic controllers (PLC)
or remote terminal units (RTU). PLCs and RTUs are
microprocessors that communicate with a number
of instruments, such as manufacturing machinery,
HMIs, sensors, and end devices. They then direct
the information from those objects to computers
with SCADA software. East
It processes, distributes and displays the data itself,
helping operators and maintenance technicians to
analyze the data and make important decisions.In this
way, the maintenance technician reviews the data and
discovers that machine X was malfunctioning in the
process Z. For this reason, the ability of the SCADA
system to notify technicians of a problem, error or
incident helps to resolve it and prevent further product
losses in the future, and at this stage of production.
WHY ARE THE
SCADA SYSTEMS
The importance of SCADA systems is
automation. It enables an industry to carefully
study and anticipate the optimal response to
measured conditions and execute those responses
automatically every time. Ultimately, having
precise machine control to monitor equipment and
processes virtually eliminates human error. Most
importantly, it automates common, cumbersome,
and routine tasks that once
were performed by an operator, which further
increases productivity, improves the management
of critical machine failures in real time and
minimizes the possibility of environmental
disasters, in addition, SCADA systems are needed to
monitor and control a displacement Large
geographic area where an organization may not
have enough manpower to cover it. Therefore,
reliable communication and operability of these
areas or sites is critical to profitability.
WHO USES SCADA SYSTEMS
SCADA systems are used by industrial
organizations and companies in the public and
private sectors to control and maintain efficiency,
distribute data to make decisions more
smart and communicate system issues to help
mitigate downtime, these systems work well in
different types of businesses because they can
range from simple setups to large, complex
installations. Thus, they are the backbone of
many modern industries, including
- Energy
- Alimentation and drinks
- Manufacturing
- Oil and gas
- Power
- Recycling
- Transport
- Water and sewage
- Among many others
In general, anywhere in the world today, there is
some type of SCADA system that works behind
the scenes: maintaining the refrigeration
systems in the local supermarket, ensuring
production and safety in a refinery, reaching
quality standards in a plant of wastewater
treatment, or even keeping track of your energy
use
(VI) -HMI SCADA IN-TOUCH
HMI and SCADA technologies are used together in
the automation industry, hence the importance of
both concepts. The HMI is used to monitor or
visualize what is executed by SCADA. In this way,
the HMI SCADA system is a complete solution for
industrial control systems.
 SCADA
Supervision; control; processes;
manufacture; automation; industry
This article focuses on the importance of
supervision, control and data acquisition systems,
known as SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition) as a fundamental aspect of the
automation of manufacturing processes in the
industry. Technical and functional aspects of the
implementation of SCADA systems are highlighted,
which allow the human being to interact with the
processes in the different types of industries
without the need to assume risks in the plant, since
they facilitate the control and decision-making of
remotely from a cockpit.This type of software
constitutes a breakthrough in industrial
automation, since it allows the processes to be
graphically illustrated
productive on screen and create alarms and warnings
in real time, for full and confident management of the
process to be controlled. Examples of two industries
that have applied SCADA are presented in order to
improve their processes, obtaining very good results.
Industrial automation consists of governing the
activity and the evolution of the processes without the
continuous intervention of a human operator. In
recent years, the system called SCADA (Supervisor and
Control And Data Acquisition) has been developed,
through which the different variables that occur in a
process or plant can be monitored and controlled. For
this you must use various peripherals, application
software
Hardware Components
For Gómez et al. (2008), a SCADA system, as a
specific industrial software application, needs
certain inherent hardware components in its system
to be able to process and manage the captured
information, which are described below.
Central Computer or MTU (Master Terminal
Unit)
It is the main computer of the system, which supervises
and collects the information from the rest of the
substations, whether they are other computers
connected (in complex systems) to the field instruments
or directly on said instruments. This computer is usually a
PC that supports the HMI. From this it follows that the
simplest SCADA system is the one made up of a single
computer, which is the MTU that supervises the entire
station.
The main functions of the MTU are the
following
- He periodically interrogates the RTUs and
transmits instructions to them; usually following
a master-slave scheme.
- It acts as an interface to the operator, including
the presentation of information of variables in
real time, the management of alarms and the
collection and presentation of information
- It can run specialized software that fulfills
specific functions associated with the
process supervised by the SCADA. For
example, oil pipeline leak detection
software
(VII) - CODESYS
The complete software package for
automation technology
The software platform oriented to industrial
automation technologies. The platform is based on
the CODESYS Development System, an IEC 61131-3
programming tool. It provides end users with
comprehensive integrated solutions for simple and
effective automation application project
engineering. The main objective of CODESYS is to
provide users with practical support in the
implementation of their tasks of
programming of automation environments.
Open interfaces, on the one hand, and
comprehensive security features, on the other
hand, make CODESYS the ideal Industry platform
for cutting edge engineering, fog or cloud
controllers and data exchange in networks. IIoT
are standard functionalities in codesys as device
manufacturers use codesys to create their own
configurable and programmable automation
components. These can be scaled (modified or
expanded) with calculated effort and resources
thanks to the various functions that the codesys
system provides. Integrated devices for the
different levels of an automation system are the
basis of codesys success. this tool covers project
engineering,
It also covers running, code and application
debugging, and evaluating field devices in the
controller component. Millions of individual
CODESYS compliant devices, over 1,000 different
device types from over 400 manufacturers and
tens of thousands of CODESYS end users
worldwide prove that CODESYS is the leading
manufacturer independent IEC 61131-3
programming tool. the market.
Advantages for end users
End users employ CODESYS for the successful
creation of simple and / or complex applications for
industrial controllers used in sectors such as
manufacturing, mobile machinery, building and
energy, as well as many other industrial sectors.
Multiple features and facilitating properties of the
CODESYS system help in this work
Everything is integrated into a single interface
Username
- complete IEC 61131-3 programming
system - from classical programming of
PLC to object-oriented controller
programming
- extensive functions for proper project
engineering, commissioning of
automation applications (including data
monitoring), search for application errors
(debugging) and change of application
during operation (online change)
- Optional add-on modules for methodical
application development: UML, version
management, static code analysis,
profiling and test automation
- configuration and commissioning of the
most important industrial fieldbuses as well
as manufacturer-specific I / O systems
- seamless integration of optional
additional components for project
engineering: Visualization, motion
control / CNC / robotics, safety modules
- installation, maintenance and training
(education) required only for a single user
interface: Minimization of engineering
effort.
Power and ease of use for the effective
implementation of complex automation
projects, fast machine code for devices and
applications of varying complexity, generated
by industrially proven compilers. Powerful tools
for calculating 3D_CNC / robotics as well as 3D
visualization
Scalable functionality
- easy-to-use editors, eg FBD or LD
- functional programming with many
pre-programmed functions
- object-oriented programming with
interfaces, methods, attributes, classes,
 inheritance and dynamic linking in all
implementation languages of IEC 61131-3
- generic and specific I / O configurators
- powerful complementary tools for
methodical software development
- fully developed concept for the reuse and
documentation of program code in
libraries
- complementary product for the automatic
generation of control applications
complete from configured modules
(optionally integrable)
- https: //cdn.logic-
control.com/media/Brochure_Wonderware
_InTouch.pdf
- file: /// C: / Users / external / Downloads / Dialn
et-
TheSistemasSCADAEnLaAutomatizacionInd
ustrial-5280242% 20 (2) .pdf
- https://larraioz.com/codesys

Advantages for device manufacturers

(VIII) -CONCLUSIONS
In this study it is found that to increase the
competitiveness, relevance and validity of the results
in each principle or test according to material and
structures, it is necessary to substitute muscular
strength and human ability, by mechanical strength
and precision. In this way, tests can be carried out
with several systems, the needs of the application can
be defined only by
a analysis detailed of the complete system.
This means that detailed examinations must
be performed on all facets of the machine or
process operation.

(IX) -BIBLIOGRAPHY

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20supervision.pdf
- https://www.m2mlogitek.com/que-es-
unartu/
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56789/10439/1 / UPS-GT001534.pdf