‘Thermofluids Lab~ MECS54/LS
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UNIVERSIT| TEKNOLOGI MARA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
PROGRAM BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (HONS)
COURSE THERMO-FLUIDS LABORATORY 2
CODE MEC 554
EXPERIMENT #4
Title: Boundary Layer with pressure gradient (wind tunnel)
(Rev. 00-2011‘TITLE
OBJECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
METHOD
THEORY
ge
a
DRAG FORCE IN FLOW OVER A BODY
To measure the drag coefficient Cp, over a range of velocities in
The test section for hemispherical (open end facing flow and open
End facing down stream)
‘Wind tunnel and accessories
Measure the diameter of the hemisphete.
Fit the hemisphere body to the balance arm, open end facing flow
first and then open end facing down stream.
Balance the arm.
Switch on the blower fan and to flow velocity of 5 m/s.
Balance the arm again and note the reading
Increase the velocity for a few steps, balance the arm and not the
Reading.
Drag coefficient
RESULT/ DISCUSSION
Present your result in tabular form
Analyze them and conclude them
Compare your result against published data, Be attentive to the
Range of the Reynolds during your experiment in comparison to
The published data,KJMS41-LAB2
Flow Pass a Circular Cylinder
Objective
‘The objective of this experiment is to study the pressure profile and flow characteristics for
flow around a circular cylinder.
Theoretical Background
‘The structure and development of viscous flow over a cylinder is described in Figure 9.17a
below. The development of the boundary layer and changes in velocity profile from the
stagnation point at A until flow separation at point E are described in Figure 9.17b. These
changes are closely linked to the change of pressure gradient trom A to F. Negative
pressure gradient tends to maintain laminar boundary layer, while positive pressure
gradient will accelerate it to turbulent and (subsequently) reverse flow resulting in flow
separation.
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FIGURE 9.17 Boundary layer characteristics on a circular cylinder: (a) Boundary
ration location, | () typical boundary layer velocity profiles at various Jocations om the
eer ae preamre dutribatons fr lavidd Gow aod boundary layer Sow.Figure 9.17¢ compares the pressure distributions (it is customary to plot the coefficient of
pressure) around the cylinder between low Re number and high Re flows and of that
predicted by inviscid flow theory. Please refer to pages 454-457 (Frank M White, Fluid
Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill, 1999) and page 446-447 for detail discussion on this subject.
Experimental Procedure
A 2-inch diameter circular cylinder of is placed at across 300 mm x 300 mm test section of
a wind tunnel as schematically shown below. In order to measure pressure around the
cylinder, 20 pressure tapping holes are drilled at equidistance over half of the
circumference of the cylinder. These holes are connected using flexible tubes to the multi-
tube manometer for pressure measurements, .
You are required to perform the experiment at tunnel velocity of 10 m/s and 20 m/s. Take
pressure measurement corresponding to each pressure tapping location by reading the
multi-tube manometer. Calculate the pressure coefficients and tabulates these data as
shown below.
{Tocation | Angie, 0 | Manometer | p—h,
(degree) | height (mm)
| | (om)
Plot the coefficient of pressure against location on the circumference of the cylinder
(measured by 0) and discuss your findings. Based on the pressure profile estimate the
pressure drag of the cylinder and then calculate the drag coefficient. Discuss these results.FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER TEST SHEET.
TEST 1,V=_ ms
Manometer height (tube 20),
(mm)
Location | Angle, 0°) | # Gum) | h—A, Gam)
Frame Fawn OhessetFLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER TEST SHEET A
TEST2,V=____mi/s.
Manometer height (tube 20), f=
——_ (mm)
Location | Angie, 6°) | A (mm)
hhy (mm)
P-P,(mm)
Cp cos
wo] 2} a} a} us} a] wo) 00)
=|
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T
t
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S} aS] a) BE) 3) 5}
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s
FramedF azar OhestetDRAG FORCE IN FLOW OVER A BODY TEST SHEET Lf
‘No. | Velocity | Rey. No. | Rigid Rod | Body base surface facing upst | Body base surface facing downstream |NetDrag |
(as) Drag Force, | Body diameter: __m _ Coefficient, Co
Fo(N) Drag ‘Net Drag | Drag
Force, Fp | Force, Fy | Coefficient, 7
N)
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