A PROPOSED LIFESTYLE

SHOPPING MALL

ARCH 523 / Architectural Design 5

Instructor: AR. Michel Landicho
Group 2 - ARC 3102
Aranas, Jairoh M.
Daño, Louie Manuel P.
Doyog, Hannah Kate J.
Macaraig, Janah Sofia C.
Pasajol, Zea Leigh Beatriz D.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Project……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

Description of the Project………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………2

Data Presentation………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..….…………………………7

Site Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………7

User Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………14

Case Study……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………19

Annexes……………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

Glossary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37

References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...39
 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

As early as 1932, the Philippines had its own mall. The first enclosed retail mall, the Crystal Arcade, was established in Manila
during the American colonial period. With covered walkways, window displays, cafés, and other specialized stores, the Crystal Arcade
became the capital's most contemporary building, even resembling the arcades of Paris. Aside than being a feat of architecture, the Crystal
Arcade heralded the age of a "national culture focused on commodities." Despite being destroyed during World War II, the Crystal Arcade
became the predecessor of modern malls in the country. Malls have become permanent features in the Philippines fifty years later.

Malls were formally launched in the Philippines in the 1960s, but before that, there were independent department shops and retail
complexes that prospered. The mall strengthens the four functions: shopping, entertainment, community, and ecology. The construction of
these institutions, as well as the floor plans, differed from those we know today, which were influenced by locations like Harrison Plaza and
Ali Mall. Furthermore, they gave the same convenience to customers by allowing them to shop for a range of products under one roof. Some
of them even had air conditioning. Despite being a tiny country, the Philippines is recognized for having a large number of retail malls. It has
been suggested that people's culture is defined by how they use their free time. Shopping or visiting the malls have been a habit of Filipinos
during leisure time. Various sociological, economic, environmental, and political variables. Western consumerist legacies, as well as a
uniquely Filipino ‘stateside mentality,' oligarchic economy, ineffective urban planning, and weak democracy permitted malls to sprout amid
widespread poverty. For many people, the mall acts as a social outlet away from the sweltering heat of the tropics. Due to the country's
tendency to grow hot and humid, particularly during the summer months, Filipinos rush to shopping malls to cool off. Many individuals get
together to transact business and network, or to pass the time by socializing. Shopping malls have evolved into more than jus t places to
shop, dine, and see movies in recent years. They're also where Filipinos go to pay their bills and deal with government bureaucracy. Mall
owners have also discovered innovative methods to attract more people by constructing call centers and condominiums adjacent to their
malls, making it convenient for employees and renters to come in and spend money.

Batangas is the center of trade of products and tourists from different places. It has a big potential for the community to develop and
acquire business revenue with the use of business establishments that will be made upon this project. Tourism of Batangas statistics presents
that over 311,000 visitors visited Batangas in 2019. Batangas invited fewer people that is just more than 10,0000 people beca use of the
pandemic. Since businesses attract employees, investors, and customers, the population growth of Batangas City increases in accordance
with the accessibility of the products where the resources are easier to get. With the population of Batangas growing, the demand for an
establishment which provides the needs of the people will surface. A Lifestyle Mall is a perfect example for this, it will adjust to the needs of
the growing population and business establishments. This project aims to boost the tourism of Batangas to bounce back to its glory. The city
has huge tourism potential, and one potential is to have a lifestyle mall that can bring up tourism, create more jobs for the people, and provide
needs for the residents that are located near the area. This mall would create tons of opportunities not just for the business owners but also
for the workers that will apply. It will not only increase the employment rate in the vicinity but also increase interpersonal socializing, the
perseverance of the community, the tax that will be collected from the cost of the whole project, and lastly, it will show ho w Batangas as a
community, values its community consumers by building a lifestyle mall that will provide for the people’s needs and bring up customer
experience to another level. Furthermore, it will also benefit the organization and circulation of the community’s plan, instead of having
multiple retail stores that sprout everywhere which causes more traffic and congestion, this will help organize and manipulate people to just
go to a certain establishment which is the proposed lifestyle mall.

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Lifestyle shopping malls are characterized by open-air buildings, usually high-end retailers, may or may not include anchor stores,
and have a large number of dining and entertainment facilities. The properties are usually scenic and provide outdoor art, music, and tram
or trolley transportation sites. It aims to support the "shopping is entertainment" mentality and is very popular in affluent communities. (Evans,
Denise L. & Evans, William O.)

Goals and Objectives

To Create New Jobs and Lessen the Unemployment Rate

According to the Trading Economics Website, for full 2020, the jobless rate surged to 10.3 percent from 5.1 percent in 2019, reflecting
the economic fallout due to the pandemic. One goal of this project is to lessen the unemployment rate of the city. Without regard to race,
gender, sexual orientation, color, religion, or national origin, provide efficient jobs and opportunities. Different spaces in a building have
different requirements that will be taken into consideration in this project. Public and private spaces should be designed accordingly towards
the user’s behavior in a retail store. The size of the structure defines the no. of people who can accommodate the space. The use of spaces
also defines the no. of users who can accommodate.

A “small business” means a business (including any subsidiaries or affiliates) employing fewer than 500 full-time equivalent
employees. The limit of 500 employees includes all employees of the business and is not limited to the employees at a particular facility (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, 2019). Together, these Ministry of Micro Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) generated a total of 5,380,815 jobs or 62.66% of the country’s total employment. The micro enterprises produced the
biggest share (29.38%) closely followed by small enterprises (25.78%) while medium enterprises were far behind at 7.50%. Meanwhile, large
enterprises generated a total of 3,206,011 jobs or 37.34% of the country’s overall employment. In terms of regional distribution, majority of
the jobs are generated by MSMEs in the National Capital Region (NCR) with 1,531,256 jobs; followed by MSMEs in Region 4-A
(CALABARZON) with 773,668; Region 3 (Central Luzon) with 574,709; Region 7 (Central Visayas), 415,273; and Region 6 (Western
Visayas), 294,191. By industry sector, MSMEs in the Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles sector generated
the greatest number of jobs with 1,941,115 followed by Accommodation and Food Service Activities (775,120), Manufacturing (73 2,030),
Financial and Insurance Activities (306,283), and Education (295,789) (Department of Trade and Industry, 2020).

Safety and Health

The health and safety of the customers and users are the top priority, especially nowadays because of this pandemic situation that
we are in. Mall Sanitation Protocols are needed to be established. Standards cover general prevention measures such as hygiene, social
distancing, and temperature check. Protocols also ensure thorough environmental cleaning and disinfection as well as waste disposal efforts.
Building a secure and safe structure is vital to every project, and it necessitates a proactive approach that anticipates risk and mitigates it.
The relevant measures are chosen based on security and regulatory requirements, life cycle cost analysis, and the influence these measures
have on the building's design, construction, and use.

There are many ways to apply risk reduction strategies, so it is useful to categorize them as either structural or non -structural.
Structural mitigation will focus on building components, such as columns, beams, and foundations, that carry gravity, wind, seismic, and
other loads. Examples of structural risk reduction strategies include building material and site selection and building code compliance. Non-
structural risk reduction includes focusing on damage that can arise from non-load bearing building components such as architectural
elements, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing components, and furniture or equipment (It_admin, 2013).

Safety of the users is another top priority of this project. This project aims to control the risk of high danger in the inevitable natural
disasters and manmade disasters that are yet to occur. Some examples of big threats to the safety are Fire Outbreaks, Floodin g,
Earthquakes, and Terrorism. This can be widely prevented if the plan considers proper space planning that a customer should be able to get
out of it in 3 minutes (University of Virginia, 2021). The design of the building should also have easily visible stairs and entry and exit points.
This helps in managing crowd which is in panic. The firefighting equipment’s should be frequently checked, and claddings should be safe.
The AC ducts should be fire proofed. Adequate compartmentalization and water sprinklers in the mall help in minimizing losses. The
fundamental areas to look at for safety are planning for fire protection and risk reduction from natural hazards, protecting occupant’s safety
and health, and providing security for occupants. Local and federal regulation accounts for many areas of risk reduction and incorporating
building compliance codes are necessary for any building design (It_admin, 2013).

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 Customer Experience

Both the number of shoppers and the number of transactions is declining at shopping malls. The problem is that there are now better
possibilities through big box stores and online purchasing. To circumvent these limitations, some mall operators are experimenting with mall
customer experience initiatives. Another goal of this project is to provide newer developments combine co-working spaces for startups with
new ideas with complimentary pop-up store space allowing them to test their new products and services with real clients in an environmentally
friendly atmosphere.

Since customer’s experience is one of the main focus of retail store, the weaknesses and problems of the previous stores should be
analyzed hence, to create a solution that will satisfy user’s needs. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 states that a “high performance building”
is a building that integrates and optimizes all major high-performance building attributes, including energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle
performance, and occupant productivity.” This involves setting performance goals (and defining them as qualitative and quantitative
performance measures) for the various building systems and the building envelope. It can also mean reconciling conflicting priorities such
as physical security vs. fire safety. Meeting performance objectives also means that the owner’s functional requirements for the building are
met, as well as the psychological needs of those who occupy the space. Unless your project is meant for non-human members, a measure
of “productivity” of a building can be the productivity of the people inside who use the space. Therefore, productive building designs promote
health and comfortable environments. They also allow for seamless integration of technological tools and ensure the reliability of the building
systems because this directly affects an occupant’s safety and health (It_admin, 2013).

Most of the identified customer problems could be solved by improving store operations. More checkout counters, cashiers and
baggers could be assigned during peak shopping hours, which are normally during weekday evenings and weekends. Investments in
technology such as barcoding or RFID (radio frequency identification) could also speed up the processing of payments. Retaile rs must
understand the psychology of waiting and implement measures to better manage the waiting time of customers on the queue (Underhill,
2009; Lovelock & Wirtz, 2007; Jones, Berski & Tom, 1980).

Resiliency and Sustainability

Another goal of the project is to stay in business by allowing that exquisite experience to the people of the vicinity. Resiliency and
Sustainability of this project is important, and the user’s loyalty and usability are what defines it. Shoppers who experienc e a mall problem
are 37% less likely to be “very satisfied” with their mall experience when compared to shoppers who don’t experience a problem. Their loyalty
declines as well - these shoppers are 29% less likely to “definitely recommend” the mall to their friends and associates. It should know its
target shoppers which is more likely the residents of the city and surrounding cities. Most shoppers are Teenage to Young Adults. Shoppers
18 - 24 years of age are 23% more likely to have a problem than all other shoppers and have nearly twice as many problems. Overall, they
are half as satisfied with their mall shopping experience compared to older shoppers.

Sustainable design is defined by a greater dedication to environmental stewardship, as well as a balance of cost and human needs
while meeting the building's function. Sustainable design is to reduce needless resource/energy depletion while also producing comfortable
and secure environments. According to Shopping Centre News Bureau, sustainability should be a key priority while planning and developing
a mall, as malls have become an integral part of our society and are looked up to as community centers. As responsible corporate entities,
it is the duty of a mall to give back to the community. The lifestyle mall needs to be future proof and open for sustainability. It should be
adaptive and expandable to other purposes like a shelter for the people in times of need. Many malls have emptied and wasted spaces, it
should be open to other uses especially in both recreational and emergency purposes (Shopping Centre News Bureau, 2017).

Building resiliency, or the ability of the building to survive and maintain operations under extreme conditions such as natural disasters
is also important. Another characteristic of sustainable design is building adaptability, or the capacity of the building for multiple uses and
ways. A sustainable building not only considers the environment but is sensitive to the needs of the user. This means that it should be
accessible to the greatest number of people. Such a design can partly be achieved by following regulatory accessibility requirements,
planning for access into the facility, and planning for access to spaces within the building (It_admin, 2013).

Accessibility

The conditions and quality of daily life depend very much on the environment in which we live, including buildings and tr ansport. In
architecture, universal accessibility refers to the ability of all people to access and inhabit a space regardless of their c ognitive or physical
abilities, and it is a topic that should not be overlooked. To fully perform its objective, the initiative must be available to the general public.

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 To have a home that is tailored to one's needs, to be able to come and go without encountering difficulties, and to be able to utilize
public spaces as one pleases are normal ambitions that most people take for granted. About 16 per thousand of the country’s population
had disability. Of the 92.1 million household population in the country, 1.44 million persons or 1.57 percent had disability, based on the 2010
Census of Population and Housing (2010 CPH). The recorded figure of persons with disability (PWD) in the 2000 CPH was 935,551 persons,
which was 1.23 percent of the household population (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2021).

Fulfilling the legitimate right of people with disabilities to use the whole built environment will lead to important improvements in the
comfort and safety of the whole population. A complete change in attitude must be achieved in order that disabilities are property recognized
and integrated into the discipline of building and town planning (Council of Europe,1993).

Aesthetics and Historic Preservation

One of the most important parts of architecture is the aesthetics of a structure. The combined impacts of a building's shape, size,
texture, color, balance, unity, movement, and other factors contribute to its attractiveness. A structure should be constructed to meet
standards for safety, serviceability, and durability, as well as aesthetics, while ensuring proper structural performance throughout its service
life. According to UNESCO/UIA Charter for Architectural education, the point “An ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both
aesthetic and technical requirements” is included among the objectives of education (UNESCO/UIA, 2004). Not only to provide aesthetics to
the structure but also to provide comfort to the users. The aesthetic design of the structure reflects the character of the Batangueños in their
different cultural aspects and promote Batangas tourism. The province of Batangas is a favorable place for any business with a very low
crime rate and stable labor condition which is advantageous in establishing businesses (Jim, 2011). Batangueños are historical heritage
keepers. They preserve even the oldest things or cultures down from history. Vintage or antiques has been a great symbol of Batangueños
(Mansueto, 2020). Batangueños love aesthetic designs particularly vintage and antique designs that promote their culture.

Cost- Effective

Batangas has a natural cool climate. It experiences two types of seasons: dry from November to April and Wet for the rest of the
year. Mean annual rainfall is at maximum during July at 1.5 to 2.5 meters. March is the driest month. Mean monthly temperatur e is 82
degrees Fahrenheit. February is the coldest month averaging 69 degrees Fahrenheit while May is the hottest at 96.1 degrees Fahrenheit
(Jim, 2011).

Knowing where to splurge and where to minimize costs is the key to being cost effective. There are many ways to achieve a cost-
effective building. Passive Sustainable Design, Active Sustainable Design, Renewable Energy Systems, Green Building Materials and
Finishes, Native Landscaping, Stormwater Management are sustainable designs that reduces the negative environmental impact from a built
environment (Carbonnier, 2021). There are many parameters that can determine cost-effectiveness, and so it requires a life-cycle
perspective. This perspective considers the costs and benefits of the project over the building’s economic life. A building design is cost-
effective if its benefits are equal to alternative designs but have a lower whole life cost. A whole life cost of a building can includes the initial
design and construction cost, and the operations and maintenance over the life of the building (It_admin, 2013). It can be determined by an
individual's ambitions and interests in the project, as well as the building's future.

To meet the drastically increasing building cost, one of the campaigns is Green Architecture. Planning for energy efficiency from the
ground up must be the cornerstone of green architecture for new buildings and major retrofits. Starting with passive solar design, the
integrated design of a house or building should prioritize building enclosure technology (thermal envelope), utilize energy modeling, and
incorporate HVAC engineering (Miller, 2021). It’s important not to compromise the goals and performance of the building when managing
the costs. It is much easier to quantify costs than non-monetary benefits, such as the benefits of aesthetics, historic preservation, and safety.
Sometimes, non-monetary issues can be tiebreakers to quantitative analysis, or override quantitative cost comparisons, like when renewable
energy application overrides alternatives (It_admin, 2013).

THREATS

Natural Calamities

One of the major threats that this project will have to face is the problem with natural disasters especially flashfloods. The site in this
project experienced heavy flooding in a Typhoon last year. The water damage can spread quickly in a shopping mall which is usually designed
with several floors or at least several wings or areas. The possibility of a corporate shutdown is a serious concern. Severe water damage
can shut down a whole mall or several retail establishments, both of which will have an impact on business operations. People will not

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consider going shopping inside if there is even low-lying water in the premises. With a vast amount of money put into merchandise stored
and sold within the facility that could be saturated or destroyed by water infiltration, businesses face a substantial financial loss. Disaster
preparedness and proper planning and are essential to achieving reduced risks brought about by natural and man‐made calamities.

In the event of flooding, the road infrastructure especially the subgrade will be affected in terms of its capacity to support the
pavement. It is well known that subgrade deterioration will eventually cause pavement failure (Muhd Shahril Nizam, et al.,2020). Flooding
can damage buildings and their contents in many ways, but the most common flood damages arise from direct damage during a flood from
inundation, high velocity flow, waves, erosion, sedimentation and/or flood-borne debris, degradation of building materials, either during the
flood or sometime after the flood, and contamination of the building due to flood-borne substances or mold. Flood-resistant design requires
the characterization of flood conditions during the design flood, including source of flooding, flood depth, flood velocity, flood duration, rate
of rise and fall, wave effects, flood-borne debris, scour and erosion (Jones, 2017). The rate of deterioration in subgrade strength for the
second flood is 15% more than for the first repeated flood (Muhd Shahril Nizam, et al., 2020).

The fundamental goal of flood-resistant construction is for buildings to resist flotation, collapse, and permanent lateral movement
during the design flood. To achieve, have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the design flood elevation (Note that
this discussion states that the lowest floor must be elevated to or above the DFE. In fact, model building codes and some flo odplain
management regulations add freeboard and require lowest floors to be set above the DFE in certain instances. Designers should determine
any specific freeboard requirements for their projects, based on applicable regulations and code requirements). For non-residential buildings
only—be designed so that the building (and its attendant utility systems) are watertight below the design flood elevation (dry-floodproofed)
with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resistin g hydrostatic
and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy (NOTE: dry-floodproofing is not permitted in V zones), support the building on a foundation
designed and constructed to resist all anticipated flood loads, in combination with other anticipated loads, construct the building with flood
damage resistant materials below the design flood elevation in areas outside the V zone, and for buildings not dry-floodproofed, incorporate
flood openings in walls forming an enclosure below the DFE, to allow the automatic equalization of flood levels.in V zones, or in other areas
subject to extreme lateral flood loads, elevate the building on piles or columns (minimize the use of shear walls below the DFE, wherever
possible), keep the area below the DFE free of obstructions that could transfer flood loads to the elevated building, and use breakaway
construction for any non-structural building elements (Jones,2017).

Another major concern about the project is the recent pandemic that we are facing. It resulted to many negative effects in ou r lives
and economy, especially in Batangas City. This pandemic lowered the number of domestic and international visitors in the city. According to
the Tourism of Batangas, over 311,000 visitors visited Batangas in 2019. The province has welcomed 13,704 tourists prior to the Covid
shutdown. From July through October, Batangas received 3,272 visits since reopening to scuba divers in October.

CHALLENGES

Construction

Construction of complex buildings has always been a huge challenge in the Philippines. Mostly due to the materials, machines, and
technology that the country cannot cope up with. The advancement of technology influences the speed of construction. Since the Philippines
still lack in the advancement of technology especially in terms of constructing complex structures, it challenges the skills and speed of the
workers in meeting the deadline of the construction of the building. site preparation and rental of construction or demolition equipment
accounted for the least (less than 1%) number of jobs generated (Latoja and Lim,2019).

One of the reasons that affect the construction in the Philippines is the pandemic. This affected the no. of workers available to perform
the job. The disruptions created by the COVID-19 outbreak have had a significant impact on the Philippine building industry. Prior to the
pandemic, the industry had been the fastest growing in Asia-Pacific, rising by 8.9% in real terms in 2019, after growing by 14.9 percent the
year before. However, due to the impact of containment measures on the pace of construction projects across the country, the industry is
now predicted to fall by 23% in 2020. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the industry's value-add in real terms declined
by 39.8% in Q3 and 30.4 percent in Q2 2020 (GlobalData, 2020).

Jobs

Job opportunity is another challenge in this project. Because of the recent pandemic, many people are affected negatively. Th is
project needs to maximize job opportunity not just to the future workers but also to the future investors of this project. It should create enough
opportunities to reduce the job deflation that this country experienced.

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 Competition and Modernization

One major challenge for this project is its competition because it is placed near a popular, established, and prestige chain of malls
which is the SM Supermalls. It should have unique characteristics that will help this project survive its competition. Different malls are
sprouting up all over the world as the world constantly develops and modernizes. In the area of the site, the number of malls and
establishments are present everywhere. Due to the existing level of competitiveness, this development poses a significant risk to the Lifestyle
Mall. Furthermore, online purchasing/shopping has become a widespread trend all over the world. Due to the nature of this dis ruptive
pandemic, malls are currently challenged to innovate and adapt to the new normal

Consumers benefit from the convenience of online shopping. With endless inventory, price comparisons and 24/7 availability of
online shopping, malls will never compete with online shopping. Nor should they try. Consumers deserve a wider range of shopp ing
experiences, not commoditized shopping experiences. A mall's usability can be improved through the use of technology in order to increase
customer satisfaction. Malls have ample opportunity to increase customer satisfaction and thus decrease customer pain points. Technology,
for instance, could help shoppers find parking at the mall, which is one of the biggest challenges they face. Parked vehicles can view the
number of available parking spots on each level in parking lots by using sensors. Using mobile apps inside a mall allows shoppers to find
the items they want quickly and easily as today's malls are becoming increasingly complicated and multi-level (Fantoni, Hoefel, and
Mazzarolo,2014).

Traffic

Batangas city, being the center of trade of products and tourists from different places. It has a big potential for the commu nity to
develop and acquire business revenue with the use of business establishments that will be made upon this project. The project is located at
a very busy area especially it is located near Batangas City SM Mall being one of the largest business establishments highly contributes in
the traffic daily.

The large commercial centers, such as shopping malls and hyper-markets, which have commercial as well as recreational functions,
attract and generate significant car traffic, light freight trucks for distribution/supply, and pedestrians from the neighbor hood areas or from
other zones. The location decisions of large commercial centers need rigorous substantiation for both aspects of customer attractiveness in
terms of accessibility and purchasing power, and the consequences on the road traffic and the associated crash risk, too (Raicu, Costescu,
Raicu, and Popa, 2015).

There are ways in order to enhance the flow of traffic such as granting/approving zoning/locational clearance for the construction /
repair / renovation / expansion of residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, industrial buildings/ structures/ projects, securing zoning
/ locational clearance for the establishment and operation of commercial, business, institutional, recreational, industrial and other projects /
uses / activities, securing sign permits for streamers, banners, poster and the like, Securing zoning permit for occupancy of residential,
commercial, recreational, institutional and industrial buildings / structures, securing zoning certification as to land use c lassification and
Securing preliminary approval and locational clearance / development permit for subdivision and housing project (City Government of
Batangas, 2015).

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 DATA PRESENTATION

SITE ANALYSIS

1.1 Introduction

The proposed context study will be divided into two individual categories namely Macro and Micro Site. The macro site includes
the surrounding suburbs of the proposed site. Movement and context are aspects that will be studied within this area. The micro site will be
an in-depth study of the proposed project site and its immediate context.

1.2 Macro Site Context

The proposed site is located to the administrative region in the tropical

country, Philippines where economics play a vital role for its historical sites,
scenic highlands, stunning beaches, theme parks, industrial facilities, majestic
mountain and volcanoes, the Region IV-A. The region commonly known as the
CALABARZON, holds the five most appealing provinces in the Southern
Tagalog. One is namely Batangas, where the site is specifically located.
Batangas is located on the southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON
region. Its capital is Batangas City. It is bordered by the provinces of Cavite and
Laguna to the north and Quezon to the east. Across the Verde Islands
Passages to the south is the island of Mindoro and to the west lies the South
China Sea. The said province holds the record for the most visited by tourists
compared with the other four provinces. The province itself holds the five grand
cities namely, Batangas, Lipa, Tanauan, Sto. Tomas, and Calaca. The prior city
has the site standing for the time it was modified by human. The city with
hundreds of facilities that surround the site is the existing proof that such place Figure 1: Base map of Batangas City
is worthy to develop to attain economic advantages through commerciality.

The City of Batangas is a coastal city lying in a cove-like shape at the southeastern portion of Batangas Province and geographically
situated at coordinates 13 degrees, 45minutes and 25.96 seconds north latitude and 121 degrees, 3 minutes and 29.2 seconds east
longitude. It is bounded on the northwest by the municipality of San Pascual; on the north by the municipality of San Jose; on the east by the
municipalities of Ibaan, Taysan and Lobo; and on the south by the Batangas Bay Batangas City, the capital of Batangas Province has a total
land area of more or less 28,541.44 hectares. It is about 112.00 kilometers away from Manila and has a travel time of approximately two (2)
hours through the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR). (Matinong, n.d.)

Based on the map, the proposed site

is geographically located at Barangay Pallocan
East, Batangas City. It has the coordinates of
13°45’12’’N 121°04’16’’E. The macro site is
bordered by two main roadway, Batangas-
Tabangao-Lobo and M. Pastor Ave. It is
stationed 160 meters from SM Batangas and
other commercial buildings surround it. Since
the proposed site is located in a city, this area
is recognized by all-inclusive activities, such as
shopping opportunities, commercial spots,
schools, etc.

Figure 2: Macro Site Context Map

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1.2.1 Movement and Accessibility

Through inspection of the site in macro manner,

direct access to different parts of Luzon, particularly the
northern parts of the island, observed through the aid of the
STAR Tollway. In line with this, land transportation is hereby
possible and convenient to go to the places at the northern
part of Luzon. In addition, it has access to different parts of
Visayas and Mindanao is obtained through the help of the
Port of Batangas. With this, you can easily visit the different
islands of Visayas and Mindanao from the macro level by just
taking a long boat ride.

1.2.2 Roads and Bridges

Figure 3: Movement map for the Macro Site
The total length of all roads in Batangas City is
around 485.185 kilometers. It is classified into 77.305
kilometers of national roads, 23.01 kilometers of city roads, and
383.87 kilometers of barangay roads. Forty-seven (47) bridges
and one (1) flyover can also be found in the area (Map) which
are classified further as twenty-nine (29) local bridges and
eighteen (18) national bridges.

Infrastructure

Water Supply

The main water supply for the city is groundwater.

The water supply pipes are operated and managed by the
Batangas City Water District (BCWD). However, seven (7) of
the rural barangays of the city are serviced by the waterworks
system created under the Batangas Water Program.

Power Supply

Most of the energy of the city comes from the Manila

Electric Company while several of the rural areas are sourced
from the Batangas Electric Cooperative. The occupants of
Verde Island, on the other hand, depend on the diesel engine
generators.

Figure 4: Batangas City Infrastructure

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1.2.3 Physical Context

Physical context of the site has always played an important role in the development of a structure. A factor is fundamental to the
creation of aesthetical, functional, and economically viable design. Today, rising temperature restrict with the way we relate to the
environment. The climate is now not the same and we have to be adjusted. In view of this, development experts have to be keep up with
the most recent advertise advancements. It is fundamental to provide solutions that are suited to the requirement needs comfortably.
Whether in high or low temperature regions.

Climate and Rainfall

Batangas has two types of climates: Type I and Type II. Type I has two pronounced seasons: dry from November to
April and wet during the rest of the year. Type II has distinct seasons; however, it is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the
remaining months. The climate of Batangas is generally cool and the air is humid. This varies, however, according to topography of the
locality. May is the hottest month and the coldest is February. (Batangas Province, n.d.) Since we are in tropical country, high and low
temperatures require specific strategies when building a structure. In these circumstances, sun protection and natural ventilation are
fundamental techniques for ensuring environmental comfort. The facades of a structure should be protected against the intense solar
radiation. Also, remember that the use of overhang and thermal insulation can be considered when designing a project. The use of
mechanical ventilation is an alternative for those who also want to soften the heat. However, proper orientation and prevailing natural winds
are the best tools on these occasions.

Rain is typically the largest source of moisture for the above-grade building enclosure. Since the proposed site is geographically
located to a flood prone area, rain has a big impact to building related factor. In connection to this, the height of the floor level must be
properly elevated to prevent flood complication. Control of rain penetration and absorption is a fundamental function of the building enclosure,
and a major part of its moisture control functions. Avoiding rain-related building damage is one of the most complex duty designers and
builders face. However, means of providing rain control which are based on both physical aspects and orientation of a structu re regards to
the location of the site. Regardless of the wall and roof design, building shape and site design choices can reduce the amount of rain
deposited on structure. Some rain often is absorbed into materials or penetrates through imperfections so drying could be a factor to remove
this incidental moisture.

Figure 5: Batangas City Sun-Path Diagram

Figure 6: Batangas Weather by Month

9
2.1 Micro Site Context

The site is geographically located at

barangay Pallocan East in the formerly mentioned
city. The proposed site is currently zone as open
lot area but is currently not being used
commercially. It has approximately 20127.39
square meters or 2 hectares. The presence of the
existing trees inside the proposed site may also
lead to the aesthetical design and factor of the
proposed building. Based on the map, a 10m wide
paved road of access road leads to the main
entrance of the proposed site. The given site is
only on a main access road so clearly the site's
complication is in terms of vehicle and human
circulation. In addition, the main access crosses an
intersection from Batangas-Tabangao-Lobo Road
to M. Pastor Ave., which is literally a factor of
heavy road traffic.

The proposed site lies in the riverbank

coinciding one of the river channels of the famous
Calumpang River. Calumpang River is a major Figure 1: Arial photo indicating the Micro Site
tributary to Batangas Bay that traverses several
barangays of Batangas City which include Malitam, Wawa, Cuta, Pallocan East, Kumintang lbaba, Gulod Labac, Libjo, Gulod ltaas, Dalig,
San Pedro, Tingga ltaas, Tingga Labac and Barangays 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Poblacion. Geohazard assessments showed that the low-lying
areas are susceptible to flooding. High hazard areas are found in the coastal areas and those traversed by Calumpang River. On a regular
basis, minor floods affect riverbank communities during the monsoon seasons or passages of typhoons.

It is stated on the map that the body of water was found in the north and west directions, directly adjacent to half the circumference
of the site. It is located on a low-lying area with unorganized drainage system and absence of early flood detection system. In fact, it is
reported that there has been a flood recently in an area specifically Tierra Verde Subdivision, reaching the level of the sec ond floor of a
residence. It states that problem regarding flood is one of the main disadvantages of the proposed site.

Figure 2: Passage of Creek to Calumpang River

10
 Figure 3: Photos taken at Tierra Verde showing the floods caused by Typhoon Rolly

At the southern part of the proposed site is located the Tierra Verde Subdivision. The vegetation is in the Northern part of the
proposed site along some residential houses. A creek can be observed at the intersection of the access road (Batangas – Tabangao – Lobo
Rd) and the main entrance of the proposed site. At the eastern part of the proposed site, can be seen a vacant lot and some private properties.
Residential houses and commercial buildings are located at the Western part of the proposed site along the access road (Batangas –
Tabangao – Lobo Rd).

Figure 4: Accommodation Diagram of Micro Site

Figure 6: Aerial view of the vacant lot and some private

Figure 5: View of the main entrance of the proposed site properties

11
 Figure 7: Photo of Commercial buildings along the access Figure 8: Photo of a creek near the proposed site
road

Figure 9: Aerial view of the vegetation at the northen part of Figure 10: View of the subdivision (Tierra Verde) near the
the site site

2.1.1 Movement and Accessibility

Its primary access to road is provided

by the Batangas-Tabangao-Lobo Road, and the
M. Pastor Avenue. Major road contact with SM
Supermall Batangas City Branch, Most Holy
Trinity Parish Church, Shell Refinery in
Tabangao, JG Summit Petrochemical Corp. in
Pinamucan, and Montemaria International
Pilgrimage and Conference Center is found
within the said roads. Since it is lying near these
kinds of places, including various unspecified
commercial establishments, heavy traffic jams
can be experience at a regular rate. Additionally,
these roads are said to be in varying altitudes
making it hard for travelers to access these
places, especially the latter.

Figure 11: Movement map of micro site

12
SM Batangas

SM Supermalls is one of Southeast Asia’s biggest

developers and the operator of 72 malls in the Philippines, and 8
malls in China. With an average foot traffic of 4.2 million daily in the
Philippines, 300,000 in China and over 20,000 tenant partners, SM
Supermalls provides family fun experiences as it collaborates with
the best-loved brands and events. SM Supermalls is owned by SM
Prime Holdings, Inc., a publicly listed company and is one of the
largest integrated property developers in Southeast Asia. (SM
Supermalls, 2021)

Figure 12: SM Batangas

Parish of the Most Holy Trinity

The Parish of the Most Holy Trinity (also called Santissima

Trinidad) is the youngest among the parishes of the Immaculate
Conception in Batangas City. Its history doesn’t span centuries – it
was established in 2007 – but it has its own charm. The community
had a hand in building the church, making it an integral part of the
neighborhood. Aside from the church, you’ll also see other beautiful
buildings nearby such as the Kapilya ng Santissimo Sakramento,
Kapilya ng Liwanag, Kapilya ng mga Santo at mga Banal, and the
Gusaling Pulungan ng Parokya. (Batangas Church: Parish of the
Holy Trinity, 2019)

Figure 13: Parish of the Most Holy Trinity

Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation Tabangao Refinery

The Tabangao Refinery began its commercial operations

in 1962, with an initial nameplate capacity of 30,000 barrels per day
(bpd). Modernization and expansion activities between 1993 and
1995 further increased the oil refinery’s nameplate capacity to
110,000 bpd. Before its conversion, the Tabangao Refinery was one
of only two oil refineries in the Philippines. (The Future of Tabangao,
n.d.)

With the transformation of the oil refinery, Pilipinas Shell

will maintain its presence in Tabangao, Batangas, thereby
preserving its support to its different stakeholders in the area. The
Tabangao Refinery’s operations nurtured around a thousand
employees during its prime, prioritizing the hiring of residents from
Batangas. The communities in the neighborhood also benefited from Figure 14: Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation Tabangao
the various corporate social responsibility programs of the Refinery
Company. (The Future of Tabangao, n.d.)

13
 USER ANALYSIS

RESIDENTS IN BATANGAS CITY

In the year 2010, Philippine Statistics Authority along with the enumerators in Ghana conducted census of population and housing
in Batangas City. The percentage of the population per municipality and city shows that the capital city, Batangas, is the most populous
among the three (3) cities and thirty-one (31) municipalities comprising the province of Batangas, having the population size making up to
12.9 percent of the total provincial population. However, on the first of May of 2020, PSA conducted a census that shows the City of Lipa
has more population with 372,931 while Capital city of Batangas has population of 351,437 (Highlights of the Population Density of Batangas
2020 Census of Population and Housing, 2021).

Graph 1: Top Ten Populous Cities/Municipalities Table 1: Ten Most Densely Populated Municipalities: 2020
Batangas, 2010

This information shows that after 10 years, Lipa City is rapidly growing compared to Batangas City. In addition to this, the
unemployment rate of CALABARZON from April 2020 to April 2021 was 16.7 percent to 13.4 percent respectively. One of the reasons why
the unemployment rate in the month of April in 2020 became 16.7 percent is due to the pandemic. (Employment Situation in CALABARZON,
2021)After a year, establishments, businesses, work from home business continued their work for the economy to bounce back and gain
profit again.

Graph 2: Unemployment Rate in CALABARZON from April 2020 to April 2021

14
 Table 2: Household Population by Age Group, Sex, and Sex Ratio by Age Group

The following figures belongs to The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and to analyze the results shown in Figure 4, the
researchers will be using the different stage of adolescent age. Stage 1 is prenatal that means they are below one (1) year old. Some parents
love to bring their babies with them whenever they stroll and shop, while other prefer to stay at home. Second stage is childhood that ranges
from age one (1) to sixteen (16) years old where people are mostly enjoying their life at school and at home unless they will be with their
parents in public areas. Meanwhile, the adolescence stage ranges from seventeen (17) to twenty-nine (29) years old where their life revolves
around school, work, and some are on their own family. The second to the last stage is Stage 4 Adulthood that are thirty (30) to forty-nine
(49) years old. Most of the time, people in this age have their own family, have stable work, financially stable, and some ar e enjoying their
life on their own or with their family members. Lastly is the old age where people are fifty years old and above. (Results from the 2010 Census
of Population and Housing, 2013) Even in this stage, old-aged people still love to go to shopping malls to unwind, stroll, and just rest in the
leisure area provided by the malls.

Analyzing users can also be through their marital

status, disability, and different types of functional disability.
Their marital status may affect the way they go to lifestyle
shopping malls due to different reasons such as people with
Single status tend to go to lifestyle shopping malls often than
married people because of taking care of their children. Their
marital status may affect the way they visit malls due to
reasons.

To give a concrete example, married people tend

to stay at home, take care of their children and just visit
Table 3: Household Population Five Years Old and Over by Type of
lifestyle shopping malls whenever they are free. Moreover,
Functional Difficulty and Sex
married people usually go to malls for grocery, to pamper,
or to stroll with their family. Unlike with people who are
single with different responsibility in life and can visit malls
whenever they are free.

15
 Another factor that affects the way people visit the mall is having different types of functional disability. Some establishments are
not disabled-friendly that people with having difficulty in hearing may have an advantage of seeing posters and placard while persons having
difficulty in walking or climbing steps needs to wait for their turn since some establishments does not have elevators and escalators to use.

Figure 1: A Picture of Establishment Without Accessible Ramp Figure 2: A Picture of Establishment with Accessible Ramp

SHOPPING PROBLEMS AND RETAIL PATRONAGE AMONG FILIPINO CUSTOMERS

To understand better the users of shopping malls and other establishment, the paper about Identifying Shopping Problems and
Improving Retail Patronage Among Urban Filipino Customers by Ben Paul B. Gutierrez and Kandiah Jegasothy will be used. Analyz ing
user’s behavior toward grocery shopping, patronaging retail, user’s shopping problems, and its dissatisfaction will be a great help in designing
lifestyle shopping mall. According to Kotler and Keller, they define retailing as encompass all activities selling goods or services to the final
consumers for personal or business use irrespective of the type of organization (Gutierrez & Jegasothy, 2010). Even though retail store has
different characteristics, its flaws does not have that much difference and will always have similar weaknesses. In this table, it shows
Supermarket Shopping Problems in the Philippines.

Table 4: Reasons for Supermarket Patronage - Philippines

16
 In Western nations, the top and second most significant reasons for retail patronage by Filipinos, convenience of location and low
price, are placed sixth and fifth, respectively. Shoppers in Western countries, who have more discretionary funds than those in the Philippines,
are more likely to want a larger selection of foods, drive their own cars to buy, and travel longer distances. Filipinos on a limited budget will
buy only what they really need and are always on the hunt for deals (Gutierrez & Jegasothy, 2010). The dilemma in shopping such as slow
queue has always been a problem since some malls have shortage in staff and they cannot accommodate customers all at once. An other
problem that customers are facing is having crowded place where they could not enjoy roaming around the mall since it will add to the cause
of crowding of people. In addition to this, customers always have a hard time finding items because some of the goods that ar e being sold
in that store is always out of stock. Due to this, costumers tend to transfer to another mall that has full stocks for that item and/or the price of
the item is cheaper than the price in the previous shopping mall. By considering the reason of the respondents, establishments such as
shopping malls and other retail stores can easily address the problem and to provide solution to it. In addition to this, Architects can also
consider these reasons whenever they have project about retail stores.

Table 5: Reason for Visiting Another Store

Different retail stores offer variety of goods that differs with one another. Due to this, customers tend to visit another store because
it has more complete items, cheaper price, and even cooler than the previous store that they visit. About one-fifth of respondents (20.9%)
said they went to the mall and then went grocery shopping before returning home, while another 14% said they went to another store because
they were passing by after going to church or visiting friends. Some of the other supermarkets are likewise close to their homes (15.5%),
making them handier for customers. The other reasons for going to another store suggest that households switched because thei r primary
store was out of stock or didn't have the things they wanted. (Gutierrez & Jegasothy, 2010)

TYPES OF RETAIL POSITION

In building an establishment, designers should take into consideration the users of the building, and this includes the managers,
staffs, and other employees. The user’s spaces should be based on the hierarchy, management, and their work. The managerial position in
malls require extensive skills and qualifications since the job will handle and coordinate mall staff, advertise and market the mall, and
negotiate contracts. (Job Hero, 2021) This position requires office inside shopping mall and is only accessible to his/her colleagues. Under
the supervision of manager, the sales associate, store manager, advertising manager, and many other types of retail position must also have
their own office or specific workplace where they share the same position or line of work. (Localwise, 2021)

17
 Another occupation that requires space in shopping malls is the Operations department where electrician, building admin offic er,
aircon technician, engineering operations manager, and other work that manage the technical works, conducts periodically main tenance,
and performs administrative support to fellow worker. (Xentro Mall, 2021) Careers in malls does not only revolve around leading positions,
rather, it also need jobs about mall security. Static position is one of the jobs that requires space in malls since the focus of the work is to
watch video feeds from security cameras to ensure the safety of the customers. Another security officer that monitors the property is mobile
security officer and their work is to physically monitor the property and remaining alert for suspicious activity or problems . Lastly is traffic
enforcement that monitor the exterior of the building, addressing incidents in the parking lot and surrounding area. Aside from these jobs,
shopping malls should also provide spaces for doctor’s offices or medical clinics that will be accessible to every customer. Analyzing users
in shopping malls does not only go with those people who will work there, rather, it should also consider the customers that will use the
facility.

By considering these factors, researchers can assess the user’s demand, seek, and have in mind whenever they go to lifestyle
shopping malls. People residing in Batangas City can also apply in different jobs that the mall can offer. Add to this, the mall can also provide
jobs to all that will lower the unemployment rate in Batangas City. Different levels of work will be given at any legal age without too much
distress specially to adults and with disability who wants to work in malls. The proposed lifestyle shopping mall will provid e jobs, different
types of clothing, bags, shoes, and will cater different leisure spot that people at all ages will get a thrill out of.

18
 GLORIETTA MALL AT THE AYALA CENTER

PROJECT TYPE: Mall

ARCHITECT: Ar. Carlos Arguelles

LOCATION: Ayala Center, Makati, 1226 Metro Manila

SIZE: Built around a 250,000-square-meter (2,700,000 sq ft) retail complex

FUNCTIONS ACCOMODATED: There are more than 500 shops and restaurants in the Glorietta Mall and 5 anchor tenants. Glorietta 1, 2 ,
and 4 have 4 floors, Glorietta 3 have 3 floors, and Glorietta 5 have 8 floors.

Figure 1: Exterior of Glorietta Mall

INTRODUCTION

Glorietta is a shopping mall complex in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines, located in the Ayala Center. Glorietta Mall at
the Ayala Center is the Philippines's premier urban entertainment and retail destination. Ayala Land owns and operates the mall
through its subsidiary, Ayala Malls. Glorietta is a Spanish word that refers to the public gathering place in Spanish colonial-era
cities around the Philippines. The mall is divided into five sections (Glorietta 1–5) and has a variety of stores and restaurants, as
well as theaters, a gym, arcades, and a big central activity center that is frequently used to host events. It comprises an air-
conditioned atrium with water elements, an indoor children's playground, and a concert and show venue. Glorietta Mall's festive
atmosphere combined with the urban environment at the Ayala Center makes it Manila's most popular destination for daily outings
and nightlife.

19
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

Glorietta Mall's cruciform design radiates from the 43,000 squarefoot activity center called the Glorietta. The Glorietta
has a domed glass atrium with a fountain at the center that shoots a plume of water to the height of the atrium's 190-foot ceiling.
The Glorietta's open floor plan was designed with flexibility in mind and is used for new product launches, cultural exhibits,
entertainment, a resting place, and a children's playground. The rest of the mall is divided into four quarters, Glorietta I, II, III, and
IV. Glorietta I and Glorietta II were both part of the original outdoor strip mall, but they underwent a spectacular transfor mation
when the mall was enclosed and renovated.

Figure 2: Fountain at the center of Glorietta Mall

PURPOSE

Glorietta Mall is the main entertainment, retail, and nightlife destination within the Ayala Center. Makati's rapid change
from an agrarian suburb to a high-quality urban district, unique in the Philippines, was sparked by the Ayala Company. Ayala Land,
the development arm of the Ayala Company founded in 1988, has been responsible for most of the recent land development.
Glorietta occupies a central space in the lives of those in the business district. With its wide selection of shopping, dining, and
entertainment offerings organized into strategic zones, Glorietta caters to the various needs of office workers, students, friends
and families.

DESIGN

The high level of interior finishes throughout the mall, including marble floors, creates an upscale atmosphere, and the
mall's graphics and directories, designed by RTKL in 1996, give the mall a unified theme and make it easier to navigate the hub-
andspoke floor plan. Glorietta III's exterior design creates a well defined space and an exciting atmosphere with bright neon lights
and large logos marking entrances to the restaurants and clubs.

Figure 3: Interior Finishes of Glorietta Mall

20
ACCESIBILITY

Glorietta malls have direct and efficient access to transport and major thoroughfares. Point-to-point bus routes and
terminals are added to enhance the commuting experience.

Figure 4: Accessibility to tranportation

BUILD THE GREEN PLAN

Ayala also owns the celebrated Greenbelt development next door, which is widely prized for its outdoor experience. In
redefining Glorietta with the addition of two hotels, offices, apartments and elaborate underground parking, the owners also wanted
to improve pedestrian access to and through Greenbelt. It has a designed terraced park that originates on grade and culminates
in a fourth-level roof garden, integrating hotels, shops and cafes as it climbs. The park anchors the main corner of the development
and establishes a strong physical connection to Greenbelt that extends its identity as an urban oasis.

Figure
Figure 5 & 6:5 Build
& 6: Build the Green
the Green Plan Plan

THE SITE

Figure 7 & 8: Location and Site of Glorietta Mall

21
 Poor air quality, extreme traffic congestion, and cramped conditions has resulted in the rapid and unplanned population growth
and infrastructures in the Metropolitan Manila. In contrast, the Ayala Center in Makati which is a carefully planned urban oasis within sprawling
metropolitan Manila. Makati, once a rice-field-covered suburb of Manila, has evolved into a high-density, mixed-use commercial zone that is
the preferred address for domestic and foreign corporations, embassies, luxury hotels, and banks in the Philippines. The Ayala Center is a
mixed-use commercial complex in the center of Makati that comprises four hotels, four supermarkets, four high-rise residential buildings, two
malls (Glorietta and Greenbelt), the Philippines' first serviced apartments, a public park, and more than 5,000 parking spots. The Ayala
Center's total development area is 2,801,740 square feet, with 2,953,358 square feet of gross leasable area (GLA). Glorietta Mall is the main
entertainment, retail, and nightlife destination within the Ayala Center. Makati's rapid change from an agrarian suburb to a high-quality urban
district, unique in the Philippines, was sparked by the Ayala Company. Ayala Land, the development arm of the Ayala Company founded in
1988, has been responsible for most of the recent land development.

Figure 1: Land Use Information

22
Figure 2: Cont. of Land Use Information

23
 EASTWOOD CITY BY MEGAWORLD CORPORTATION

PROJECT TYPE: Mall

LOCATION: Barangay Bagumbayan, Quezon City

SIZE: 46 acres/18.5 hectares

FUNCTIONS ACCOMODATED: Lifestyle Center, Entertainment Center, Retail & Shopping Center, Cinema, Restaurants, Urban Living ,
Cyber Park

Eastwood City is a multi-purpose development complex located in Barangay Bagungbayan, Quezon City. This is the first "direct
work" community of Megaworld Group, providing comprehensive services and utilities for living, working, playing, and shopping. Launched
in 1997, the 18.5-hectare (6-acre) site houses (1) Eastwood Shopping Centre, (2) Eastwood City Walks I and II, (3) families, professionals,
a range of shops, restaurants and entertainment. city. In addition to these structures, the city of Eastwood has 19 residential skyscrapers
and their open parks. The project is self-contained and self-sufficient as it includes 19 residential towers to live in, a computer
school to study, a computer park to work in, and a variety of restaurants, shops, and facilities. It provides a lifestyle that gives
users some privileges.

Figure 1: Exterior of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation

24
 The development of Eastwood City is designed as a community of the future, with essential facilities in a very convenient location.
Eastwood Mall is a four-storey shopping mall with a restaurant and four cinemas. The mall also has an open space, Eastwood Mall Open
Park, with a lagoon and fountain. The venue is ideal for large community events such as the annual New Year countdown. Eastwood CityWalk
I and II is a hybrid of two restaurant bands offering a variety of restaurants and bars for the nightlife. There is also the Eastwood City Walk
of Fame, which is directly inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and the outdoors called Eastwood Central Plaza, which regularly hosts
live performances, trade shows, trade shows, trades, pet activities and outdoor events. Spaces are also included. Eastwood Cyber and
Fashion Malls have many lifestyle-friendly facilities, including fashion boutiques, bookstores, beauty, and wellness stores. Finally, Eastwood
City Cyberpark is a PEZA-certified mall where major IT and other BPO companies occupy office buildings throughout the complex.

THE SITE, SITE PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Figure 2: Master Development Plan of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation

Megaworld Corporation envisioned a place where people could live, work, shop, eat and enjoy on 18.5 acres of land. All-in-one
development with access to everything in just a few steps. As such, the city of Eastwood exists not only as the first cyber park but also as
one of the first to introduce and popularize the concept of "town" that has helped change the landscape of the city. Eastwood's residential
tower features ornate European-style facades, as evidenced by facilities such as the Palazzo and Eastwood Excelsior. For commercial
components, Megaworld sought to introduce a new concept that commercial spaces are low in size and many components in this space are
outdoors. Thus, Eastwood City Walk is a shopping district with al fresco restaurants and an outdoor event venue called Central Plaza.

25
 Eastwood City eventually established its own major shopping mall, Eastwood Mall, in 2009. It is a four-story mall with a 7,000
square foot mall and seven theatres, including one Ultra Cinema is luxurious and elegant. It connects to two other towers on either side of
the mall, a residential tower and a hotel, and Eastwood Richmonde. More than 20 years have passed since Eastwood City opened and
development in the area is almost complete at this point. The residential, office and commercial development of Eastwood Global Plaza at
the southern end of the city remains unfinished.

DESIGN

Figure 3 & 4: Interior of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation

Eastwood Mall has world-class modern interior design with wide corridors and common areas, proving that Eastwood Mall is
more than just a boring mall. Each store has plenty of space to display products and creative interior design. This is a must for shopping
malls, as space is primarily provided for mass-oriented users and businesses, and good interior design never diminishes its ability to attract
customers. It is a mall that contains more of the best brands.

26
 CASE STUDY ON FOREIGN MALLS

THE DUBAI MALL, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

From the windswept sands, a new legend rises; a mall of epic proportions that is named The Dubai Mall.

Figure 1: Pinned Location of Dubai Mall in Dubai

Figure 2: Dubai Mall in Dubai

PROJECT TYPE

The Dubai Mall, located in the heart of the renowned Downtown Dubai, is the most-visited shopping and entertainment attraction,
with over 80 million people each year. The Dubai Mall includes approximately 1,300 retail establishments, including two major department
stores and more than 200 food and beverage outlets. The Dubai Mall has an unrivaled shopping selection, as well as world-class dining,
entertainment, and leisure activities. The Fashion Avenue, a precinct dedicated to over 150 new luxury shopping and dining ex periences,
establishes The Dubai Mall as the Middle East's fashion capital. Another niche component is The Souk, an elegantly designed precinct
featuring jewelry shops, accessory outlets, traditional Arab clothing brands, handicraft stores, cafés and restaurants.

27
The Dubai Mall (Arabic: ‫" دبي مول‬Dubai Mall") is a shopping mall in Dubai. It is the world's second largest mall by total land area, after Iran
Mall, and the world's 26th-largest shopping mall by gross leasable area, tied with West Edmonton Mall and Fashion Island (Bangkok), both
of which are older. It has a total retail floor area of 502,000 square metres (5,400,000 sq ft). Located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, it is
part of the 20-billion-dollar Downtown complex (called Downtown Dubai) adjacent to the iconic Burj Khalifa, and includes over 1,200 shops.
In 2011, it was the most visited building on the planet, attracting over 54 million visitors each year.

Location: Downtown Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Coordinates: 25°11′51″N 55°16′45″E

Developer: Emaar Properties

Management: Emaar Malls Group

Owner: Emaar Properties

Architect: DP Architects

No. of stores and services : 1,200+

No. of anchor tenants: 6

Total retail floor area: 502,000 square metres (5,400,000 sq ft)

No. of floors: 4

Parking: 14,000+

Public transit access: Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall

STATISCTICS

The Dubai Mall recorded 61,000 tickets sold for the Dubai Aquarium and Discovery Centre in the first five days, following its
opening. The Dubai Mall hosted over 37 million visitors in 2009, and attracts more than 750,000 visitors every week. In 2010, it hosted 47
million visitors, and saw an increase in foot traffic by about 27 percent over 2009, despite the economic crisis (a consequence of real estate
bubble burst). In 2012, Dubai Mall continued to hold the title of the world's most-visited shopping and leisure destination, and attracted more
than 65 million visitors, an increase of more than 20 percent compared to the 54 million recorded in 2011. It attracted more visitors than New
York City which welcomed over 52 million visitors in 2012, and Los Angeles which had 41 million visitors

Table 1: Statistics of Number of Visitors in Dubai Mall

28
DESCRIPTION

At over 13 million square feet (equivalent in size to more than 50 football fields), The Dubai Mall has a total internal floor area of
5.9 million square feet and leasable space of 3.77 million square feet, about the same as the West Edmonton Mall. It also has a 250-room
luxury hotel, 22 cinema screens plus 120 restaurants and cafes. The Mall has over 14,000 parking spaces across 3 car parks, w ith valet
services and a car locator ticketing system. The mall has won five awards – two awards at the Retail Future Project Awards at Mapic, Cannes,
in 2004, for Best Retail Development Scheme (Large) and Best Use of Lighting in a Retail Environment and the Dubai Mall brochure collected
three awards at the Summit Creative Awards 2005 in Portland, Oregon – the Gold award for: Best Art Direction / Graphic Design, Silver
award for Best 4-colour B2B Brochure, and a Judges Special Recognition award.

MALL FEATURES

The Dubai Mall features the world-class Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo featuring thousands of aquatic animals and a 270-
degree walkthrough tunnel; and first-of-its-kind attraction for the Middle East, VR Park, a unique virtual reality attraction. Other family
components include KidZania®, an innovative children’s ‘edutainment’ concept; the Reel Cinemas megaplex; and the Olympic-sized Dubai
Ice Rink. For visitors, there are the adjoining 5-star premium hotels, Address Dubai Mall and Address Boulevard and direct access to the
Dubai Metro via Link Bridge. A massive expansion of The Dubai Mall is currently underway, paving the way to welcome over 100 million
visitors, further enhancing the mall’s retail, lifestyle, and entertainment offer.

Tunnel of Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo

The Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo was designed by Peddle Thorp and is managed by Emaar Entertainment. The aquarium,
located in The Dubai Mall, showcases more than 300 species of marine animals, including sharks and rays. Managed by Emaar
Entertainment, it was awarded with the ‘Certificate of Excellence’ and won the ‘Images Most Admired Retailer of the Year – Leisure &
Entertainment’ at Images RetailME Awards 2012

Figure 3 & 4: Tunnel of Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo

VR Park Dubai

VR Park Dubai is an amusement park that was formerly operated as Sega Republic. The 76,000 sq ft indoor park features 15 rides
and an array of amusement games, including motion simulators, classic carnival games, skill games, and a wide array of redemption games.
The Park includes ‘Lazeraze’, a laser maze, as well as ‘Racer’ Bumper Cars. It also features a "soft play area" for smaller children.

29
Reel Cinemas

Reel Cinemas is a 22-screen cinema, also managed by Emaar Entertainment, in The Dubai Mall. One of the largest theaters in
the region, the megaplex features four cinema suites and 17 commercial halls, including the first THX-certified cinema in Dubai.

Figure 5: Rainforest Café; made to emulate tropical Figure 6: Hysteria: haunted house decorated with special
ruins with moving ruins and light shows effects, fog lights and strobe lights

Figure 7: Dubai Dino genuine fossil of Diplodocus, a large, Figure 8: Dubai Creek Tower Replica: gives a 3D rendition
long-necked dinosaur. The total measurement of the Dino is of the completed tower's architecture and grandeur
over 7 meters in height, and 24 meters in length

Figure 9: KidZania; interactive children-sized edutainment

theme park

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CONSTRUCTION

The Mall was built by a joint venture of Dutco Balfour Beatty, Al Ghandi and Turner Construction for Emaar Properties and was
scheduled to be completed in 2006, claiming to be the size of 50 "international-sized football pitches". The mall opened in 2008. Most of the
workers who constructed the mall were Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan guest workers

SITE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

A Micro-Urbanism on an Unprecedented Scale

According to DP Architects “The Dubai Mall is a retail project that defies categorization due to its massive scale and complexity. It
is not just a piece of architecture; it is a construction in a space of vast scale, and it possesses the complexity of an urban center. Measured
by covered area, it is among the largest malls in the world. Yet building a record-breaking mall was not the goal for DP Architects. Instead,
the important principle throughout has been to develop a piece of architecture that will continue to be enjoyed by the entire family while giving
retailers the most efficient and functional working environment. Catering to both the visitor and the retailer has created the best shopping
experience in the world. Addressing the needs of such a large-scale retail project, DP Architects adopted a city design process and rethought
every aspect of retail architecture design.”

“As an international city, Dubai has gained global attention, in part, because of its ambitious architectural projects that challenged
the norms in terms of scale or audacity. The world’s largest covered mall, The Dubai Mall, is adjacent to the world’s tallest building, Burj
Khalifa. Despite the mall’s scale and context among the biggest and the best, it was first and foremost designed as a supreme ly functional
space. Combining many years of experience in retail design, DP Architects conceived five planning principles: clear pedestrian circulation
with no secondary corridors or hidden corners, visual connectivity to all shopfronts, sufficient parking space and integrated public
transportation, efficient service areas for each tenant, and subdivision of the mall into zones with distinct characters. DP Architects didn’t
consider The Dubai Mall just a shopping centre, but a micro-urbanism manifested by the interactions among its habitats and visitors. The
scale of the project and the need to differentiate districts for wayfinding and to create attractions necessitated the incorporation of elements
of urban planning. In this way, a singular piece of architecture can demonstrate the quality of a miniature city.”

The ‘urban design' of The Dubai Mall was influenced by three major planning conditions. The primary need is that the circulation
and retail areas be clear and legible. This element is especially important while navigating in metropolitan areas. Being lost in such a vast
setting with over 23 linear kilometers of walkways would be an unpleasant experience that would assure tourists' reluctance to return.

For readability, a quadrant circulation system with distinct nodes was designed. Nodes for rest and leisure were strategically placed
throughout the pathways; these public areas successfully produced landmarks that assist in navigating and attraction spots th at provide
variation to the urban experience. Each node, like every significant and rich urban setting, has something unique and is given a unique name
and subject. Each node's size was evaluated in connection to the visitor's route. Similarly, shops may be easily viewed from the perspective
of a visitor, such that while you are in an atrium space, you can see retailers on other levels. Recognition and familiarity are made possible
by this visual connection. The Dubai Mall, like a tiny city, has an intimate inner pattern: the street, square, and other attractions that make it
livable.

The mall's highly rich and diversified collection of public spaces and mixed programming is a second feature of its urban state.
Because of its unprecedented scale and the client's directive that the mall provides something for the entire family, the architects were able
to study a number of non-commercial programs in addition to the retail focus. The design team saw urbanity as a combination of physical
and social interactions. The Dubai Mall attracts a very varied range of tourists from all over the world. As a result, the designers tried to foster
demographic mixing by constructing urban environments for diverse social events and occasions.

“The mall incorporates multiple large-scale attractions normally only seen in the city – one of the world’s largest indoor aquariums,
an indoor triple-height waterfall, an indoor adventure park and an Olympic-sized ice-skating rink. Along with these attractions are multiple
and unique atrium spaces that perforate the boulevards as social collectors, and respite points that use materiality and the play of natural

31
light to create unique environments along the mall’s boulevards. Due to its location at the physical centre of the mall’s primary axis, the
forecourt of the Dubai Aquarium and Underwater Zoo functions as a public plaza for gathering and features one of the largest acrylic viewing
panels in the world. These numerous vivid integrated settings cater to multiple public activities on many levels at all times of the day, serving
as a civic destination for families. Beyond practical functions, these public settings and attractions are highly valuable as they create collection
points for potential shoppers. The enormous mass of The Dubai Mall has been perforated by well-formed public spaces adjacent to shopping
areas.” These features of Dubai mall are not necessary in this project. The given location of the mall has a limited space and is not appropriate
in the country, especially in the Philippines.

The last aspect that embraces the notion of micro-urbanism is its circulation system which has been planned to accommodate
vehicle movement and linkages for this miniature city. A network of highways supports 1,200 stores and parking for 14,000 vehicles. The
building is accessible by four grand entrances and vehicular drop-off locations, which serve as transition points to enter the structure. The
expressive and recognizable volumes of these entry pavilions function at the size of the car and the structure, as well as at the human scale
with their precise mashrabiya surface treatments and finishes.

“The elongated Grand Drive was conceived as a form of ‘architectural promenade’ to enhance the sense of arrival and create a
showplace to see and be seen. Within the many levels of parking decks, 53 entrances were named after its respective nearby landmarks,
such as ‘Gold Souk Entrance’ or ‘Ice-rink Car Park’. These cues of orientation and pathfinding are part of an overall identifiable network. Just
as important, retailers have dedicated, extensive loading areas with a network of behind-the-scenes corridors that allow seamless operation
of the shopping mall, ensuring that goods can be brought in as efficiently as possible. While efficient and logical circulation may not be the
first thing that people think of when considering the top aspects of spaces, it is with repeat usage that the skills of the design team become
apparent – the team has designed a mall that lends itself to repeat customers.”

The Dubai Mall pioneered a new approach to see a large-scale physical environment as a micro-urbanism, and it has since evolved
into a new retail paradigm that has invigorated the worldwide retail landscape. While it would be easy to focus just on the more visible aspects
of the mall's architecture, such as the sophisticated design of its roofscape or the extra cautious selection of materials, the actual heart of
the mall's success resides in the mall's successful planning procedures. It is extremely functional, which has led to its ongoing success in
exceeding visitation objectives year after year since its inception.

Figure 10: Ground Floor of Dubai Mall

32
 Figure 11: First Floor of Dubai Mall

Figure 12: Second Floor of Dubai Mall

33
Figure 13: Third Floor of Dubai Mall

Figure 14: Fourth Floor of Dubai Mall

34
DESIGN

According to DP Architects “The Dubai Mall has a street frontage of half a kilometer and a gross floor area that spreads 550,000sqm
over four levels – a single, continuous volume housing 1,200 shops and parking for 14,000 vehicles supported by a network of roadways.
As one of the world’s biggest indoor malls and most visited leisure and shopping destination, it also houses the world’s largest indoor
aquarium, an all-weather shopping grove, an indoor adventure park, and an Olympic-sized ice-skating rink. Addressing the needs of such a
large-scale retail project, DP Architects adopted a city design process and rethought every aspect of retail architecture design.”

“Coherence and hierarchy were critical to the mall’s planning. We conceived five planning principles: clear pedestrian circulation
with no secondary corridors or hidden corners, visual connectivity to all shopfronts, sufficient parking space and integrated public
transportation, efficient service areas for each tenant, and subdivision of the mall into zones with distinct characters.”

Figure 15 & 16: Triple-height waterfall features a full-scale Diving Man sculpture.

Figure 17: Skylights flood the interior with natural light; resting points
with comfortable seats are provided throughout the mall.

35
 “Structured at the scale of a city, the mall is designed with internal pedestrian streets, nodes and landmarks. Wayfinding and urban
identifiers are integrated into the design and organized by wide, straight boulevards terminating at well-defined atria and connecting the
many realms of shopping. Entrances perform as circulation focal points — the Media Drum Entrance, the Grand Entrance, the Gold Souk
Pavilion and the Carnival Street ‘Red Box’ Entrance. Shops are grouped into families to form islands of specialization, as eight regions with
distinct characters. Along with the large-scale attractions, like the aquarium and waterfall, are unique atrium spaces that perforate the
boulevards as social collectors and respite points that use materiality and the play of natural light to create inviting environments along the
mall’s boulevards.”

“To cater to the steadily rising visitor numbers, the mall is undergoing a massive expansion in multiple phases that will comprise a
projected total of six new developments. To date, DP Architects is undertaking four developments which will increase the mall’s retail area
from 339,000 square meters to 527,000 square meters. The expansion commenced in 2013 with the popular Fashion Avenue – 50 additional
units will extend the mall frontage and connect the mall with the Burj Boulevard. The Boulevard expansion involves the creation of a new
shopping boulevard that will host flagship stores of international brands, linked to the mall’s entertainment zone; and a new entrance to the
mall. The expansion also includes the luxurious Fountain Views residences, linked directly to the mall, which overlook Burj Khalifa and the
Dubai Fountain. The Zabeel expansion comprises a new building located opposite the Grand Drive that will substantially increase the number
of retail and dining outlets and provide additional parking to TDM, as well as link bridges that will connect to the mall.”

36
 ANNEXES

TABLES PAGES

USER ANALYSIS

Table 1 Ten Most Densely Populated Municipalities: 2020 14

Table 2 Household Population by Age Group, Sex, and Sex Ratio by Age Group 15

Table 3 Household Population Five Years Old and Over by Type of Functional Difficulty and Sex 15

Table 4 Reasons for Supermarket Patronage – Philippines 16

Table 5 Reason for Visiting Another Store 17

CASE STUDY ON LOCAL MALLS

GLORIETTA MALL AT THE AYALA CENTER

Table 1 Land Use Information 22

Table 2 Continuation of Land Use Information 23

CASE STUDY ON FOREIGN MALLS

THE DUBAI MALL, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Table 1 Statistics of Number of Visitors in Dubai Mall 28

FIGURES

MACRO SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 1 Base map of Batangas City 7

Figure 2 Macro Site Context Map 7

Figure 3 Movement map for the Macro Site 8

Figure 4 Batangas City Infrastructure 8

Figure 5 Batangas City Sun-Path Diagram 9

Figure 6 Batangas Weather by Month 9

MICRO SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 1 Arial photo indicating the Micro Site 10

Figure 2 Passage of Creek to Calumpang River 10

Figure 3 Photos taken at Tierra Verde showing the floods caused by Typhoon Rolly 11

Figure 4 Accommodation Diagram of Micro Site 11

37
Figure 5 View of the main entrance of the proposed site 11

Figure 6 Aerial view of the vacant lot and some private properties 11

Figure 7 Photo of Commercial buildings along the access road 12

Figure 8 Photo of a creek near the proposed site 12

Figure 9 Aerial view of the vegetation at the northern part of the site 12

Figure 10 View of the subdivision (Tierra Verde) near the site 12

Figure 11 Movement Map of Micro Site 12

Figure 12 SM Batangas 13

Figure 13 Parish of the Most Holy Trinity 13

Figure 14 Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation Tabangao Refinery 13

USER ANALYSIS

Figure 1 A Picture of Establishment Without Accessible Ramp 16

Figure 2 A Picture of Establishment with Accessible Ramp 16

CASE STUDY ON LOCAL MALLS

GLORIETTA MALL AT THE AYALA CENTER

Figure 1 Exterior of Glorietta Mall 19

Figure 2 Fountain at the center of Glorietta Mall 20

Figure 3 Interior Finishes of Glorietta Mall 20

Figure 4 Accessibility to transportation 21

Figure 5 Build the Green Plan 21

Figure 6 Build the Green Plan 21

Figure 7 Location and Site of Glorietta Mall 21

Figure 8 Location and Site of Glorietta Mall 21

EASTWOOD CITY BY MEGAWORLD CORPORATION

Figure 1 Exterior of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation 24

Figure 2 Master Development Plan of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation 25

Figure 3 Interior of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation 26

Figure 4 Interior of Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation 26

38
CASE STUDY ON FOREIGN MALLS

THE DUBAI MALL, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Figure 1 Pinned Location of Dubai Mall in Dubai 27

Figure 2 Dubai Mall in Dubai 27

Figure 3 Tunnel of Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo 29

Figure 4 Tunnel of Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo 29

Figure 5 Rainforest Café 30

Figure 6 Hysteria 30

Figure 7 Dubai Dino 30

Figure 8 Dubai Creek Tower Replica 30

Figure 9 KidZania 30

Figure 10 Ground Floor of Dubai Mall 32

Figure 11 First Floor of Dubai Mall 33

Figure 12 Second Floor of Dubai Mall 33

Figure 13 Third Floor of Dubai Mall 34

Figure 14 Fourth Floor of Dubai Mall 34

Figure 15 Diving Man sculpture 35

Figure 16 Diving Man sculpture 35

Figure 17 Skylights 35

GRAPH

Graph 1 Top Ten Populous Cities/Municipalities Batangas, 2010 14

Graph 2 Unemployment Rate in CALABARZON from April 2020 to April 2021 14

39
 GLOSSARY

Architectural (adjective) /är-kə-ˈtek-chə-rəl/

having or conceived of as having a single unified overall design, form, or structure

Atrium (noun) /ā-trē-əm/

is a large open-air or skylight covered space surrounded by a building, the central room of a Roman house

Adulthood (noun) /əˈdəltho͝od,ˈadəltho͝od/

the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity have been attained

Coherence (noun) /kō-ˈhir-ən(t)s/

systematic or logical connection or consistency; integration of diverse elements, relationships, or values

Colleague (noun) /ˈkälēɡ/

a person with whom one works in a profession or business

Commercial (adjective) /kəˈmərSHəl/

concerned with or engaged in commerce

Comprehensive (adjective) /käm-pri-ˈhen(t)-siv/

covering completely or broadly

Construction (noun) /kənˈstrəkSH(ə)n/

the building of large structures considered as an industry; the process, art, or manner of constructing something

Cost- effective (adjective) /ˈkȯst-ə-ˈfek-tiv/

producing good results without costing a lot of money

Development (noun) /dəˈveləpmənt/

the process of developing or being developed

Environment (noun) /inˈvīrənmənt/

the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity

Extensive (adjective) /ikˈstensiv/

covering or affecting a large area

Interior (noun) /in-ˈtir-ē-ər/

the inner or indoor part of something, especially a building; the inside.

Infrastructures (noun) /ˈinfrəˌstrək(t)SHər/

40
 the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a
society or enterprise

Interior (noun) /in-ˈtir-ē-ər/

the inner or indoor part of something, especially a building; the inside

Lifestyle (noun) /ˈlīfˌstīl/

denoting advertising or products designed to appeal to a consumer by association with a desirable lifestyle.

Manager (noun) /ˈmanijər/

A person responsible for controlling or administering all or part of a company or similar organization

Modernization (noun) /mä-dər-nə-ˈzā-shən/

the process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.

Multipurpose (adjective) /məl-tē-ˈpər-pəs/

serving or able to serve more than one purpose: having several purposes or functions.

Planning (noun)/ ˈpla-niŋ/

the act or process of making or carrying out plans

Population (noun) /ˌpäpyəˈlāSH(ə)n/

All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country

Rapidly (adverb) /ˈrapədlē/

Very quickly, at a great rate

Resiliency (noun) /rəˈzilyəns/

the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, toughness.

Scale (noun) /skāl/

used to describe the relationship between a depiction of a building, object, area of land etc compared to its actual size.

Sustainability (noun) /səˌstānəˈbilədē/

the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Unemployment (noun) /ˌənəmˈploimənt/

Individuals who are employable and actively seeking a job but are unable to find a job

41
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