WEEK 9: THE GLOBAL NORTH AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH FIRST WORLD
GLOBALIZATION – is an uneven process
therefore it follows an imbalance in the socio-
economic.
 The world is divided into NORTH and SOUTH, and
SECOND WORLD
FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD.
 Global South and Global North – it is now a
conditional, present is called Developed and
Developing Countries.
GLOBAL SOUTH
THIRD WORLD
 Refers to interstate inequality and a product
of Western imagination, it is socio-economic
and political divide primarily focused on the
southern hemisphere :
 1569 – designed Mercatorian Map
 It consists of Africa, Latin America, and Asia
including Middle East.
 It connotes developing countries as opposed
to rich, industrialized, and wealthy nations.
 Latin America – countries colonized by
Spaniards in Southern part of the America
continent.
 Treaty of Tordesillas – virtue in 1994, newly
discovered land outside Europe were divided
into 2 – the West belong to the Crown of
Castile (now part of Spain) and East belong
to Portuguese Empire.
 As Stated by Claudio (2014), the GLOBAL
SOUTH “continues to be imagined and re-
imagined by those who dominate it even as
movements from below reshape these
constructions through resistance. “
 Global South and Third World are
conceptually the same. Both refer to
conditions usually found in developing
countries.
 Third World is the antecedent of Global
South and is ceased to exist when the Cold
War ended.
 Historically, the world was once categorized
based on the economic ideology of Western
Capitalism against the Soviet Union’s
Socialism.
CAPITALISM – sustains consumer choice, private
property, and economic freedom. Capitalist
economies were considered First World.
SOCIALISM – is characterized by state control of
the means of production, distribution, and
exchange. Socialist economies were referred to
as Second World.
o Those that did not belong to either types of
formal economies to the Third world.
o Used to refer to the former colonies of European
countries.
o Poor world.
o These countries to be considered as non-
industrialized and newly industrialized.
o They lack the standards systems in banking,
finance, and trade.
GLOBAL NORTH
 Is the home of all members of the Group of Eight
(G8)
1. Canada
2. France
3. Germany
4. Italy
5. Japan
6. UK
7. Russia
8. US
 It refers to the developed countries. It is also the
abode of the 4 powerful permanent members of
the United Nations Security council.
WEEK 9: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE – makes world affairs
systematic, secured, and formulaic.
o Global Governance as the totality of norms, laws,
policies, and bodies that define, compromise,
and facilitate.
o Rules and norms put everything in order.
o No central authority but there systems for
international relationship. (Weiss and Thakur,
2014)
UNITED NATIONS
o Was officially established on October 24, 1945
after the Second World War with one central
mission:
“To maintain international peace and security.”
o The name “United Nations” coined by United
States President Franklin D. Roosevelt was first
used in the Declaration by United Nations on
January 1, 1942, during World War 2.
A. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
 Central deliberative and the only organ where all
member-state have equal representation in
discussion and considerations and policymaking.
 193 member states
 Require 2/3 majority for resolutions on matters
on peace and security, new membership, and
budget.
- 127 majority
B. SECURITY COUNCIL
 Organ which has the commitment to preserve
peace and security
 Consists of 15 member states; the general
assembly elects 10 of these 15 to 2 year terms
 P5/ Five permanent members: China, France,
Russia, the UK, and USA
 Veto power
- Peace and security
C. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
 Main organ for cooperation, policy review,
policy dialogue, and advice on social, economic,
and environmental issues.
 Has 54 members elected for 3 year terms.
D. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
 UN’s prime judicial organ
 The major cases of the court consist of disputes
between states that voluntarily submit
themselves to the court of arbitration located in
the Hague, Netherlands
 The Security Council may enforce the rulings of
ICJ, but this remains subject to the P5’s veto
power
- Veto power – into law or pwedeng refusal.
E. TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
 Tasked to administer international oversight 11
trust territories and to make sure that adequate
procedures are taken from independence and
self-government
 No longer operational; was suspended in 1994.
F. SECRETARIAT
 Tasked to execute the daily activities as assigned
by the 5 other organs
 Antonio Guterres – UN’s current secretary-
general.
CHALLENGES
a) Related to issues of security
b) Security Council’s veto power
c) Member states’ refusal to adopt resolutions and
statements (membership is on voluntary basis)
d) Differences of member states on knowledge,
norms, policies, institutions, and compliances
THE 8 MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality and empower
women
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal health
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability
8. To develop a global partnership for development
Now 17 Goals

1. No poverty
2. Zero hunger
3. Good health and well-being
4. Quality education
5. Gender equality
6. Clean water and sanitation
7. Affordable and clean energy
8. Decent work and economic growth
9. Industry innovation and
infrastructure
10. Reduce inequalities
11. Sustainable cities and communities
12. Responsible consumption and
production
13. Climate action
14. Life below water
15. Life on land
16. Peace, justice, and strong
institutions
17. Partnerships for the goals