FluidCASIO FX 9860G Series Docu Eng

Faculty of
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Department of
TECHNICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Software for the IAPWS-IF97

Industrial Formulation
for Water and Steam
FluidCASIO
LibIF97
for
fx-9860 G / II / SD / Slim
Graph 85 / SD
Prof. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar

Dr. Ines Stoecker
Uwe Kupferschmidt
Software for the IAPWS-IF97 Industrial Formulation
for Water and Steam
FluidCASIO
LibIF97
for the Casio Pocket Calculators
fx-9860 G / II / SD / Slim
Graph 85
Contents
0. Package Contents
1. Property Functions
2. Range of Validity and Program Library Structure
3. Application of FluidCASIO
3.1. Installing FluidCASIO
3.2. Example: Calculation of h = f(p,t,x)
3.3. Removing FluidCASIO
4. Program Documentation for Water and Steam
5. References
__________________________________________________________________________
© Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Technical Thermodynamics
Prof. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar
Dr. Ines Stoecker
Tel.: +49-3583-61-1846 or -1881
Fax: +49-3583-61-1846
Email: hj.kretzschmar@hs-zigr.de
Homepage: www.thermodynamics-zittau.de
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences, Department of Technical Thermodynamics, Prof. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar, Dr. Ines Stoecker
0/1
0. Package Contents
The "Casio_FX_9860G_II_SD_Slim_Graph_85_WATER_Eng" CD includes the following
files:
Program files:
WATER-97.g1m XBACKH1.g1m XBACKH2A.g1m XBACKH2B.g1m
XBACKH2C.g1m XBACKS1.g1m XBACKS2A.g1m XBACKS2B.g1m
XBACKS2C.g1m XBCKTEST.g1m XBKTEST2.g1m XCOEFRG1.g1m
XCOEFRG4.g1m XCOFRG2A.g1m XCOFRG2B.g1m XETA[VT].g1m
XGAMM11.g1m XGAMM11A.g1m XGAMM12.g1m XGAMM13.g1m
XGAMM1P1.g1m XGAMM1P2.g1m XGAMM1P3.g1m XGAMM1P4.g1m
XGAMM1T1.g1m XGAMM1T2.g1m XGAMM1T3.g1m XGAMM21.g1m
XGAMM22.g1m XGAMM23.g1m XGAMM24.g1m XGAMM2P1.g1m
XGAMM2P2.g1m XGAMM2P3.g1m XGAMM2T1.g1m XGAMM2T2.g1m
XGAMM2T3.g1m XGAMM2T4.g1m XLAM[VT].g1m XPS[T].g1m
XREGION1.g1m XREGION2.g1m XREGTEST.g1m XRG1TPH.g1m
XRG1TPS.g1m XRG2ATPH.g1m XRG2ATPS.g1m XRG2BTPH.g1m
XRG2BTPS.g1m XRG2CTPH.g1m XRG2CTPS.g1m XRGERROR.g1m
XTS[P].g1m XWETPHS.g1m
Users guide
FluidCASIO_FX_9860G_Series_Docu_Eng.pdf
The CD is in
www.thermodynamics-zittau.de
thereunder “Academics“
thereunder “Downloads für Students“
available to download.
This version of the program FluidCasio can be used on the following Casio pocket
calculators:
- fx-9860 G
- fx-9860 G II
- fx-9860 G SD
- fx-9860 G Slim
- Graph 85.
The documentation refers exemplarily to the model fx-9860 G SD.
1/1
1. Property Functions
Functional Function Name

Property or Function Unit
Dependence in FluidCASIO
ps = f(t) ps(t) Saturation pressure MPa
ts = f(p) ts(p) Saturation temperature °C
v = f(p,t,x) v(p,t,x) Specific volume m3/kg
h = f(p,t,x) h(p,t,x) Specific enthalpy kJ/kg
s = f(p,t,x) s(p,t,x) Specific entropy kJ/(kg.K)
t = f(p,h) t(p,h) Backward function: Temperature °C
from pressure and enthalpy
t = f(p,s) t(p,s) Backward function: Temperature °C
from pressure and entropy
x = f(p,h) x(p,h) Backward function: Vapour kg/kg
fraction from pressure and
enthalpy
x = f(p,s) x(p,s) Backward function: Vapour kg/kg
fraction from pressure and
entropy
η = f(p,t,x) η(p,t,x) Dynamic viscosity Pa s = kg/(m s)
.
λ = f(p,t,x) lam(p,t,x) Thermal conductivity W/(m K)

cp = f(p,t,x) cp(p,t,x) Specific isobaric heat capacity kJ/(kg K)
Units: t in °C
p in MPa
x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)
Range of validity: IAPWS-IF97 regions 1 and 2, including wet steam

Liquid region 1: p = ps(t) ... 100 MPa at 0 °C ... 350 °C
Steam region 2: 0,000611 MPa ... p=ps(t) at 0 °C ... 350 °C
0,000611 MPa ... p23(t) = p(s = 5.2 kJ/(kg K) at 350 °C ... 590 °C
0,000611 MPa ... 100 MPa at 590 °C ... 800 °C
1/2
Details on the vapour fraction x and on the calculation of wet steam

The wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms. For this purpose the
following fixed details on the vapour fraction x are to be considered:
If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or
superheated steam) x = -1 must be entered as a pro-forma value. Pressure p and
temperature t are given.
When calculating wet steam, a value between 0 and 1 (x = 0 for saturated liquid,
x = 1 for saturated steam) must be entered for x. The inverse fuctions deliver the
corresponding value for x between 0 and 1as a result.
When calculating wet steam it is adequate to enter either the given value for t and p = -1,
or the given value for p and t = -1, plus the value for x between 0 and 1.
If values for p and t and x are entered when calculating wet steam, the program will
consider p and t to be appropriate to represent the vapour-pressure curve. If this is not
the case the calculation for the quantity of the chosen function to be calculated results in -
1.
Range of validity Temperature range from t = 0 °C up to 350 °C

for wet steam:
Pressure range from
p = 0,000611 MPa up to ps(t=350 °C) = 16,5292 MPa
Note:
If the calculation results in –1, the values entered represent a state point beyond the range of
validity of IAPWS-IF97.
For further information on each function and its range of validity see Chapters 2 and 4.
2/1
2. Range of Validity and Program Library Structure

The international organisation for the properties of water and steam IAPWS has explained
the industry formulation IAPWS IF97 for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam in
September 1997 for internationally obligatorily. This means this standard must be used by
plants with the work fluid water or steam worldwide into removal and guarantee invoices.
Figure 1 shows the range of validity of the equation sentence of the industy formulation
IAPWS IF97 with the complete name
"IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties
of Water and Steam",
abbreviated
"IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997".
The range of validity of the IAPWS-IF97 extends from 0 to 800 °C at pressures from
0,000611 to 100 MPa, and to 2000 °C at pressures up to 50 MPa.
Figure 1 Entire IAPWS-IF97 range of validity

The entire range of validity is divided into five calculation regions. Each region has its own
equations of state. For further details see the official IAPWS Release [1] and the publications
by Wagner et al. [2] and [3].
The FluidCASIO version at hand is valid for the calculation regions 1, 2, and the wet steam
region up to a pressure of 16.529164 MPa (cf. Figure1). The program automatically calls the
appropriate equations for each region.
3/1
3. Application of FluidCASIO
3.1. Installing FluidCASIO

In order to run the FluidCASIO program on the calculator, load the software from the
computer into the pocket calculator, using a special link program and the appropriate link
cord.
One receives the required software at the purchase of a Casio pocket calculator. If this
programme is not contained in the extent of supply, it is ready for download under
http://www.casio-schulrechner.de/de/files/downloads/FA-124.Ver.2.00.zip.
The required link cable can for example be requested at the Böttcher Datentechnik GmbH
http://www.boettcher-datentechnik.de/
as accessories. At some calculator models the required link cable is contained in the extent
of supply.
The following description refers especially to the software
Programm-Link™ FA 124
of CASIO which must already be installed on the PC. At other link programs the steps for the
data transmission has to be taken out of the accompanying instructions or online support.
1) Insert the CD "Casio_FX_9860G_II_SD_Slim_Graph_85_WATER_Eng“ into the CD drive
of the PC.
2) Start the program “CASIO FA 124“, by clicking on“Start“ in the Windows toolbar, therein
on “Programs“, in this on “CASIO FA 124“ and there once again on “CASIO FA 124“.
Now the program surface oft he program "CASIO FA 124" appears.
3) Click in the right window (FA 124) on the symbol .

4) Call the context menu by means of right click on "Default" and create a new folder.
3/2
5) Click with the right mouse button on the folder just created and choose "import" in the
context menu to load the software FluidCASIO into the programme CASIO FA 124.
Select all files in the respective memory location and click the “Open“ button.
All required files are loaded into the link programme now.
6) Set up the pocket calculator for the connection with the PC. You gather informations for it
from the manual of the calculator.
7) Attach the pocket calculator to the PC by means of the USB cable and click in the left
window (Calculator) on the symbol to make the connection. The following window
appears.
8) Copy the folder "Water97" in the right window by Drag and Drop into the left window into
the folder User1.
Interrupt the connection between PC and calculator by click on , switch off the
calculator and remove the USB cable.
3/3
Switch on the pocket calculator and select ”MEMORY” in the main menu. Now press
the button <F2> for storage memory.
Select the folder "Water97" with <F1> and copy him by pressing the button <F2> and
the button <1> (only at calculators with SD-card) into the main memory of the pocket
calculator.
The programme FluidCasio is installed on your pocket calculator now and is ready for
use.
Note:
If the files were not copied, there are the following fault possibilities:
- The wrong serial interface and/or the wrong pocket calculator is in the PC link
programme predefined.
To check this, you click in the upper menu bar on "link" and in this on "Communications".
In the window opening itself you choose in this pull down menu USB.
The corresponding pocket calculator model can be selected "tool" and "model type".
- The plugs are not plugged in correctly.
- A wrong or faulty link cable is used.
- The wrong cable type is in the ”Link” menu of the pocket calculator adjusted.
3/4
3.2. Example: Calculation of h = f(p,t,x)

The description of this example calculation refers exemplarily to the pocket calculator Casio
fx-9860 G SD.
The specific enthalpy h shall be calculated for given pressure p, given temperature t and
given vapour fraction x, for water and steam from the industry formulation IAPWS IF97
[1,2,3].
The following instructions have to be executed after switching on the Casio computer:
- By pressing the <Menu> button you return into the main screen.
- Choose the menu item "PRGM" with the cursor keys and confirm with<EXE>.
- Start the programm by selecting the program file "WATER 97" with the cursor block and
confirming with <EXE>.
The following main screen of FluidCASIO appears:
By pressing the <EXE> button you can move between the three parts of the main menu of
FluidCASIO.
1) In the first part, push the <4> button to select the function "h(p,t,x)". The prompt appears
for the given pressure p in MPa:
Consider the IAPWS-IF97 range of validity:

Liquid region: p = ps(t)...100 MPa for 0 °C...350 °C (region 1 in figure 1)
Vapour region: 0,000611 MPa...p = ps(t) for 0 °C...350 °C (region 2 in figure 1)
0,000611 MPa...p23(t) ≈ p(s = 5,2 kJ/(kg K) for 350 °C...590 °C
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa for 590 °C...800 °C
→ e.g: Enter the value 10 and confirm with<EXE>.

Note:
By entering values the currently indicated value could be inherited by entering -2.
3/5
2) The input window for the temperature t in °C is displayed.
Consider the IAPWS-IF97 range of validity:

Liquid region: 0 °C ... 350 °C for p = ps(t) ... 100 MPa (region 1 in figure 1)
Vapour region: 0 °C ... 350 °C for 0,000611 MPa ... p = ps(t) (region 2 in figure 1)
350 °C ... 590 °C for 0,000611 MPa ... p23(t) ≈ p( s= 5,2 kJ/kgK)
590 °C ... 800 °C for 0,000611 MPa ... 100 MPa
→ e.g: Enter the value 400 and confirm with<EXE>.

3) The input window for the vapour fraction x in (kg saturated steam / kg wet steam) is
displayed:
- The wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms. For this purpose
the following fixed details on the vapour fraction x are to be considered:
- If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or
superheated steam) x = -1 must be entered as a pro-forma value.
- When calculating wet steam, a value between 0 and 1 (x = 0 for saturated liquid,
x = 1 for saturated steam) has to be entered for x.
- The calculation of wet steam can result based on(p, x) or (t, x) or (p, t, x), how in the
last case the programme will consider that p and t represent the vapour-pressure
curve.
- Therefore it suffices to enter either
- the given value for p and -1 for t
or
- the given value for t and -1 for p
- plus in both cases a value for x between 0 and 1.
- Range of validity for wet steam:
Temperature range from tt = 0 °C up to 350 °C
Pressure range from pt = 0,000611 MPa up to ps(t = 350 °C) = 16,5292 MPa
- In the example the point to be calculated is located in the single phase region. Therefore
the value -1 has tob e entered for x. Because this value is already offered by the
programme, it can be taken on by entering -2.
→ Enter -2 and confirm with <EXE>.
3/6
- During the calculation the following window is displayed:
- After the calculation the result for h in kJ/kg is displayed as follows.
→ In the example, the function results in 3097,375274.

Therewith the calculation of the function h = f(p,t,x) is finished.
Note:
The calculated value is stored in the variable "Γ" (Gamma). This can then further be used
independently of FluidCASIO.
Pay attention that the variable "Γ" (Gamma) will be overwritten in the next calculation of
FluidCASIO.
Now you have the possibility to go to the main menu of FluidCASIO by pressing <EXE> or
press <EXIT> to close FluidCASIO.
Press <EXIT> to close the example calculation.
3/7
3.3. Removing FluidCASIO

The following steps have to be executed on the Casio calculator.
1) Press the <MENU> key on the calculator to return to the main menu. There you choose
"PRGM" with the cursor keys and confirm with <EXE>. All programs which are stored on
the calculator are shown here (cf. the following picture).
2) Choose the file "WATER-97“ with the cursor keys. Then press the <F4> key to delete the
file and confirm with <F1>.
Repeat the deleting process for the files:

XBACKH1.g1m XBACKH2A.g1m XBACKH2B.g1m XBACKH2C.g1m
XBACKS1.g1m XBACKS2A.g1m XBACKS2B.g1m XBACKS2C.g1m
XBCKTEST.g1m XBKTEST2.g1m XCOEFRG1.g1m XCOEFRG4.g1m
XCOFRG2A.g1m XCOFRG2B.g1m XETA[VT].g1m XGAMM11.g1m
XGAMM11A.g1m XGAMM12.g1m XGAMM13.g1m XGAMM1P1.g1m
XGAMM1P2.g1m XGAMM1P3.g1m XGAMM1P4.g1m XGAMM1T1.g1m
XGAMM1T2.g1m XGAMM1T3.g1m XGAMM21.g1m XGAMM22.g1m
XGAMM23.g1m XGAMM24.g1m XGAMM2P1.g1m XGAMM2P2.g1m
XGAMM2P3.g1m XGAMM2T1.g1m XGAMM2T2.g1m XGAMM2T3.g1m
XGAMM2T4.g1m XLAM[VT].g1m XPS[T].g1m XREGION1.g1m
XREGION2.g1m XREGTEST.g1m XRG1TPH.g1m XRG1TPS.g1m
XRG2ATPH.g1m XRG2ATPS.g1m XRG2BTPH.g1m XRG2BTPS.g1m
XRG2CTPH.g1m XRG2CTPS.g1m XRGERROR.g1m XTS[P].g1m
XWETPHS.g1m
3) Return to the main menu by pressing the <MENU> key.

Therewith the removing of Fluid CASIO is finished.
4/1
4. Program Documentation for Water and Steam
Saturation Pressure ps = f(t)

Name in FluidCASIO: ps(t)
Input
t - Temperature t in °C
Output
ps(t) – Saturation pressure ps in MPa
Range of validity
from tt = 0 °C up to tC = 373,946 °C
Response on faulty input values
The error message "Out of Range!" is displayed for the following input values:
t < 0 °C or t > 373,946 °C
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/2
Saturation Temperature ts = f(p)

Name in FluidCASIO: ts(p)
Input
p - Pressure p in MPa
Output
ts(p) – Saturation temperature ts in °C
Range of validity
from pt = 0,000611 MPa up to p = 22,064 MPa
p < 0,000611 MPa or p > 22,064 MPa
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/3
Specific Volume v = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: v(p,t,x)
Input
x – Vapour fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)
Rückgabewert
v(p,t,x) – Specific volume v in m3/kg
Range of validity
Steam region: 0,000611 MPa...p = ps(t) for 0 °C...350 °C (region 2 in figure 1)
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa for 590 °C...800 °C
When calculating wet steam, x results in a value between 0 and 1 (x = 0 for saturated
liquid, x = 1 for saturated steam).
1.
Wet steam region: Temperature range from tt = 0 °C up to t = 350 °C
Pressure range from
pt = 0,000611 MPa up to ps(t = 350°C) = 16,5292 MPa
Single phase the parameters entered are located beyond the above mentioned
region: (x = -1) range of validity
Wet steam region: at p = - 1 und t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C or
(0 ≤ x ≤ 1) at t = -1 and p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa or
at p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0,1 K
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/4
Specific Enthalpy h = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: h(p,t,x)
Input
x – Vapour fraction x in (kg gesättigter Dampf)/(kg Nassdampf)
Output
h(p,t,x) - Specific Enthalpy h in kJ/kg
Range of validity
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa for 590 °C...800 °C
1.
Pressure range from
Wet steam region: at p = - 1 and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C or
at p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0.1 K
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/5
Specific Entropy s = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: s(p,t,x)
Input
x - Vapour fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)
Output
s(p,t,x) - Specific entropy s in kJ/(kg K)
Range of validity
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa for 590 °C...800 °C
1.
Pressure range from
Wet steam region: at p = - 1 and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C or
at p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0.1 K
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/6
Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,h)

Name in FluidCASIO: t(p,h)
Input
h – Specific enthalpy h in kJ/kg
Output
t(p,h) - Temperature t in °C
Range of validity
Liquid region: IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (cf. figure 1)
Steam region: IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (cf. figure 1)
Wet steam region: p= 0,000611 ... 16,5292 MPa and h'(p) < h < h"(p)
Explanation for the calculation of wet steam
The wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms. With reference to the
given values of p and h, a subroutine calculation decides whether the state point to be
calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or steam), or in the wet steam region.
The appropriate region of state is then calculated.
Liquid region: at values of p und h beyond the IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (figure 1)
Steam region: at values of p and h beyond the IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (figure 1)
Wet steam region: at values of p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/7
Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,s)

Name in FluidCASIO: t(p,s)
Input
s - Specific entropy s in kJ/(kg K)
Output
t(p,s) - Temperature t in °C
Range of validity
Liquid region: IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (cf. figure 1)
Steam region: IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (cf. figure 1)
Wet steam region: p= 0,000611 ... 16,5292 MPa
The appropriate region of state is then calculated.
Liquid region: at values of p and s beyond the IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (Figure 1)
Steam region: at values of p and s beyond the IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (Figure 1)
Wet steam region: at values of p > 16.5292 MPa or p < 0.000611 MPa
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/8
Backward Function: Vapour Fraction x = f(p,h)

Name in FluidCASIO: x(p,h)
Input
h – Specific enthalpy h in kJ/kg
Output
x(p,h) - Vapour fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)
Range of validity
Liquid region: IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (Figure 1)
Steam region: IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (Figure 1)
Wet steam region: p = 0,000611 ... 16,5292 MPa and h'(p) < h < h"(p)
If the state point to be calculated is located in the wet steam region the value of x is
calculated.
If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region the calculation
results in -1.
If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region the result x(p,h) = -1 is
displayed for the following input values:
p > 16,5292 MPa or h < h'(p) or h > h"(p)
p < 0,000611 MPa or p > 100 MPa
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/9
Backward function: Vapour Fraction x = f(p,s)

Name in FluidCASIO: x(p,s)
Input
s – Specific entropy s in kJ/kg K
Output
x(p,s) - Vapour fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)
Range of validity
Liquid region: IAPWS-IF97 region 1 (Figure 1)
Steam region: IAPWS-IF97 region 2 (Figure 1)
Wet steam p = 0,000611 ... 16,5292 MPa and s'(p) < s < s"(p)
region:
If the state point to be calculated is located in the wet steam region the value of x is
calculated.
If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region the calculation
results in -1.
If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region the result x(p,s) = -1 is
displayed for the following input values:
p > 16,5292 MPa or s < s'(p) or s > s"(p)
p < 0,000611 MPa or p > 100 MPa
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/10
Dynamic Viscosity η = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: η(p,t,x)
Input
Output
η(p,t,x) – Dynamic viscosity η in MPa s
Range of validity
Liquid region: p = ps(t)...100 MPa at 0 °C...350 °C
Steam region: 0,000611 MPa...p = ps(t) at 0 °C...350 °C
0,000611 MPa...p23(t) ≈ p(s = 5,2 kJ/(kg K) at 350 °C...590 °C
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa at 590 °C...800 °C
Explanation to the vapour fraction x and for the calculation for boiling liquid and
saturated vapour
If the state point to be calculated is saturated liquid the value x = 0 has to be entered.
When calculating saturated steam the value 1 has to be entered for x. A calculation of
values between 0 and 1 is not possible.
When calculating saturated liquid and saturated steam it is adequate to enter either the
given value for t and p = -1, or the given value for p and t = -1, as well as the value for x
(x = 0 or x = 1). If p and t and x are entered, the program considers p and t to represent
the vapour-pressure curve. If this is not the case the calculation for the quantity of the
chosen function to be calculated results in -1.
Saturated liquid and Temperature range from tt = 0 °C up to t = 350 °C
saturated vapour:
Pressure range from
pt = 0,000611 MPa up to ps(t = 350 °C) = 16,5292 MPa
Single-phase region: the parameters entered lie beyond the above mentioned range of
(x = -1) validity
Saturated liquid and at p = -1 and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C or
saturated vapour: at t = -1 and p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa or
(x = 0 oder x = 1) at p > 16,5292 MPa or p < 0,000611 MPa
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0.1 K
References: [6], Internal calculation of ρ or v: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/11
Thermal Conductivity λ = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: lam(p,t,x)
Input
Output
λ(p,t,x) – Thermal conductivity λ in W/(m K)
Range of validity
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa at 590 °C...800 °C
saturated vapour
saturated vapour:
Pressure range from
(x = -1) validity
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0.1 K
References: [5], Internal calculation of ρ or v: [1], [2], [3], [4]
4/12
Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity cp = f(p,t,x)

Name in FluidCASIO: cp(p,t,x)
Input
Output
cp(p,t,x) – Specific isobaric heat capacity cp in kJ/kg K
Range of validity
0,000611 MPa...100 MPa at 590 °C...800 °C
saturated vapour
saturated vapour:
Pressure range from
(x = -1) validity
and t > 350 °C or t < 0 °C
at |t-ts(p)| > 0.1 K
References: [1], [2], [3], [4]
5/1
5. References
[1] Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties
of Water and SteamIAPWS-IF97.
IAPWS, (2007), Available at www.iapws.org
[2] Wagner, W.; Cooper, J.R.; Dittmann, A.; Kijima, J.; Kretzschmar, H.-J.; Kruse, A.;
Mareš, R.; Oguchi, K.; Sato, H.; Stöcker, I.; Šifner, O.; Takaishi, Y.; Tanishita, I.;
Trübenbach, J.; Willkommen, Th.:
The IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water
and Steam.
Journal of Eng. for Gas Turbines and Power 122 (2000) Nr. 1, S. 150-182
[3] Wagner, W.; Kretzschmar, H.-J.:

International Steam Tables
Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2008)
www.international-steam-tables.com
[4] Kretzschmar, H.-J.:

Mollier h,s-Diagramm.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2008)
www.international-steam-tables.com
[5] Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of
Ordinary Water Substance.
[6] Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water
Substance.

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Faculty of

Software for the IAPWS-IF97

Prof. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar

for Water and Steam

for the Casio Pocket Calculators

Functional Function Name

λ = f(p,t,x) lam(p,t,x) Thermal conductivity W/(m K)

Range of validity: IAPWS-IF97 regions 1 and 2, including wet steam

Details on the vapour fraction x and on the calculation of wet steam

Range of validity Temperature range from t = 0 °C up to 350 °C

2. Range of Validity and Program Library Structure

Figure 1 Entire IAPWS-IF97 range of validity

3.1. Installing FluidCASIO

3) Click in the right window (FA 124) on the symbol .

3.2. Example: Calculation of h = f(p,t,x)

The following main screen of FluidCASIO appears:

Consider the IAPWS-IF97 range of validity:

→ e.g: Enter the value 10 and confirm with<EXE>.

2) The input window for the temperature t in °C is displayed.

Consider the IAPWS-IF97 range of validity:

→ e.g: Enter the value 400 and confirm with<EXE>.

- During the calculation the following window is displayed:

- After the calculation the result for h in kJ/kg is displayed as follows.

→ In the example, the function results in 3097,375274.

3.3. Removing FluidCASIO

Repeat the deleting process for the files:

3) Return to the main menu by pressing the <MENU> key.

4. Program Documentation for Water and Steam

Saturation Pressure ps = f(t)

Saturation Temperature ts = f(p)

Specific Volume v = f(p,t,x)

Specific Enthalpy h = f(p,t,x)

Specific Entropy s = f(p,t,x)

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,h)

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,s)

Backward Function: Vapour Fraction x = f(p,h)

Backward function: Vapour Fraction x = f(p,s)

Dynamic Viscosity η = f(p,t,x)

Thermal Conductivity λ = f(p,t,x)

Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity cp = f(p,t,x)

[3] Wagner, W.; Kretzschmar, H.-J.:

[4] Kretzschmar, H.-J.:

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