Moving Ahead Berlitz Languages, Inc, Princeton, NJ USAExhibit Expressions Grammar Exercise 15 Grammar Exercise 16 Text Comprehension Grammar Exercise 17 Word Study Exercise 18 Summary Chapter 6 Dialog Comprehension Exhibit Expressions Grammar Exercise 19 Grammar Exercise 20 Text Comprehension Grammar Exercise 21 Grammar Exercise 22 Summary Chapter 7 Dialog ‘Comprehension Exhibit Expressions Grammar Exercise 23 Text Newspaper Advertisement . Offers of Assistance ‘Comparatives and Superlatives. Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives Too and enough with Infinitives Practice with too and enough with Infnitives To Haggle or Not to Haggle? Comprehension Check Bee: Progressive Form with Modals ........... Practice with Progressive Form with Modals. Uses of the Verb have... ....eecccee Practice with the Verb have . Now's Your Chance Comprehension Check Telephone Messages. . Invitations Gerunds and Infinitives Practice with Gerunds and Infinitives Tag Questions. Practice with Tag Questions. . Colors Set the Mood Vocabulary Check . oS Past Partciples as Adjectives « Practice with Past Pariciples as Adjectives. . Modifying Comparisons....... oo Praclce wit Modiying ‘Comparisons Let's Go Out for Lunch! ‘Comprehension Check Menus... Complaints (Part One) . Gerund oF Infinitive after the Verb « Practice with Gerund or Infinitive after the Verb. Humor on the Menu . 51 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 57 57 58 58 59 73 74 75 76 7 78 79Chapter 10 Dialog Comprehension Exhibit Expressions Grammar Exercise 34 Grammar Exercise 35 Text Comprehension Grammar Exercise 36 Spelling Summary Chapter 11 Dialog Comprehension Exhibit Expressions Grammar Exercise 37 Grammar Exercise 38 Text Comprehension Grammar Exercise 39 Word Building Exercise 40 Summary Chapter 12 Dialog Comprehension Exhibit Expressions Grammar Slow Down ... Fast! . Comprehension Check Pamphlet on Stress : Sympathy and Condolences. . Clauses with Future Meaning . Practice with Clauses with Future Meaning Reported Speech — Commands, Seema, Advice - Practice with Reported Speech... . Are You Type A or B? : Vocabulary Check . Infinitives after Adjectives... Practice with Infinitives after Adjectives Spelling Consonant Sounds . ‘A Business Meeting ‘Comprehension Check. . Magazine Advertisement Interrupting... The Passive with Modals: Present Form Practice with Passive with Modals: Present Form Passive: Progressive Form. Practice with Passive: Progressive Form International Business Culture. . Vocabulary Check Gerunds after Prepositions : Practice with Gerunds after Prepositions Verb Suffixes: -ize and -ify . Practice with Sutfixes -ize and «i ‘An Emergency .... Comprehension Chec! Elevator Sign ........-- Worry, Fear, and Relief. . 109 10 m 12 13 113 n4 na 15 116 7 n7 118 n9 121 122 123 124 125 125 126 126 127 128 129 129 130 130 131 133 134 135 136 137 viiINTRODUCTION ‘Moving Ahead in English is designed for the intermediate student for use in connection with live instruction in the Berlitz classroom. In addition to the Student Reader, course materials include six one-hour audio cassettes for home review, and a Teacher's Manual for the instructor. The program is divided into 24 chapters. Each explores a different theme and includes a dialog and narrative text, followed by explanatory notes and exercises designed to develop vocabulary, structure, and idiomatic usage. This text, the Student Reader for Levels program. 6, covers chapters 1 ~ 12 of the The objective of the program is to build practical communication skills with ‘emphasis on conversational fluency. While vocabulary and grammar are covered thoroughly, the primary aim of the program is to develop a practical ‘command of the English language - the ability to use it in everyday lif. At the elementary level the student is highly dependent on the instructor, whose role is often that of a supplier of language. Most of the material is new to the student who must, therefore, first discover the meaning, and practice the point until itis mastered. At the intermediate level, the teacher's role changes to that of a guide, who provides opportunities for practice, and whose role is often simply to activate knowledge the student may already possess. We would like to draw particular attention to the pages entitled On the Tip of Your Tongue which appear in each chapter. These sections present a wide selection of fixed expressions that occur with great frequency in conversational speech. Each chapter addresses a specific situation, or in linguistic terms ~ a function, offering in each case a “menu” of alternative expressions from which to choose. Progress through this program will correlate closely to the degree to which the instructor can motivate the student to begin to take the initiative in the learning process, to break free from the constraints of the classroom and, in the words of M.D. Berlitz, “get hold of the spirit of the language.”Brian and Susan Gordon left their car at a parking garage in midtown Manhattan. After a short walk, they arrived at Ciro's, a popular New York restaurant. Suddenly, Brian sees a familiar face. Brian: Jack! Jack Hampton! Jack: What ...! Brian, I don't believe it. Small world! Brian: | thought | recognized you! What are you doing in New York? The last | heard, you were living in California, Jack: That's right. We moved to L.A. three years ago. But the company is thinking of opening a branch office here and they sent me to check things out. Brian: Jack, | don't believe you've ever met my wife, Susan. Susan, I'd like you to meet Jack Hampton, an old friend from college. Jack: How do you do, Susan. Susan: Hello, Jack. It's nice to meet you. I've heard a lot about you. In fact, | remember seeing a picture of you and Brian together in his college yearbook, Jack: Uh-oh! Remember, Susan, those were student days!UPTO 1 2 HOUR 124 Pus tax SUNDAYSIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE “What ...! Brian, | don't believe it! What are you doing in New York? Present Progressive Simple Present ing on the phone now. > —_He speaks on the phone a lot. It's Sunday. Brian isn't working. _, He never works on Sundays. Where is Jack staying in New York? _, Where does he usually stay? It's getting too warm. Open the > _It always gets too warm in here window. with the window closed. ‘These verbs are rarely used in the progressive form: believe forget belongto understand know remember own want need recognize mean prefer I'm listening, but | don't understand what you're saying. Bob already owns a car, and now he's buying a second one. ‘The newspaper you're reading doesn't belong to me. Exercise 1 Example: We _trade in_our car every 2 years. This year we _'re getting a new station wagon. (trade in / get) 1. We to walk because it too hard. (not want / rain) 2 you the man who at that table? (recognize / sit) 3. Listent you that? Someone (hear /come) 4. John anyone to know he another job. (not want /look for) 5. Why doesn't Jack hurry? He we him. (know / wait for) 6. Bill usually dinner at home, but tonight he aclient. (have / meet) 7. You're kidding! 1 what you__me! (not believe /tell) 8. What Mary zh so good! (cook / smell)GREETINGS - AROUND THE WORLD The way that people greet each other differs from one country to another, but all greetings are meant to show friendship and respect. In Japan, whether ‘meeting someone for the frst time or seeing an old friend, people usually greet each other with a bow. In Thailand, the custom is to put one's hands together at the chest or in front of the face, with the head bowed. In Latin countries, women often greet each other with an embrace, putting their cheeks together while exchanging greetings. Friendly backslapping is often a part of the embrace that Spanish men use to greet each other. In France, the way to greet friends is with a kiss on both cheeks. But possibly the ‘most unusual way to greet a friend is the one used by the Eskimos in Alaska — an enthusiastic rubbing of noses! More and more, however, the handshake is becoming the most popular greeting around the world. The handshake got its startin the Middle Ages, when all strangers were seen as. possible enemies. When two men who didn't know each other met on a road, they immediately pulled out their weapons. When they were satisfied that the other person was not an enemy, they would put their weapons away and hold ‘out their hands in a gesture of friendship. While they were talking, they often maintained the handshake until they were sure they could trust the other person.SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE “While they were talking, they often maintained the handshake ...” We use the simple past: *+ for actions completed at a definite time in the past Did Mary go to San Francisco last weekend? locked the door when | left the house this morning Brian graduated from college twenty years ago. * for repeated or habitual past actions When Bill lived in Paris he spoke French all the time. In the old days, many houses didn't have electricity. When | was young we lived across from a park. We use the past progressive: + for ongoing or continuing past actions Come in, Bill. We were just talking about you. At 8:00 last night Mary was watching a movie on T.V. Your sister wasn't living in Miami a year ago, was she? While Ed was driving, Mary was looking at the map. We use the simple past together with the past progressive: + to indicate a continuing past action during which another (simple) past action takes place Was it raining when the accident happened? ‘As John was leaving the office he heard a loud noise Bill had a part-time job while he was going to school.SUMMARY — CHAPTER 1 Structures Jack is staying at the Warwick Hotel. He always stays there when he goes to New York. Brian was going into Ciro’s when he saw Jack. Vocabulary small world respect (n, v) get together bow (v, n) midtown (Manhattan) chest recognize embrace (y, n) branch (office) backslapping check something out slap ... on the back | college kiss (v, n) | ~ yearbook cheek | trade (~ stories, places, etc.) rub | catch up on however | give someone a call stranger in touch (keep, be, stay, get~) enemy weapon gesture trust release Expr In fact .. Asa matter of fact ... How about lunch? Sounds good. I've got to run,YOU'RE HEADED THE WRONG WAY! Jack Hampton has been in New York on business for several days, It's 8:45, and he has a 9:00 appointment. He's just gotten off the bus in midtown Manhattan and is trying to find the Applegate Building, Jack: (to himself) Well, where is it? 1 knew | should have taken a cab. (to a passerby) Excuse me... sit? Passerby: Yest Jack: Could you tell me how to get to the Applegate Building? It's supposed to be on this street somewhere, but | can't seem to find it. Passerby: Sorry, I'm from out of town myself. There's a policeman over there. Try him, Jack: Thanks. (to policeman) Excuse me. Officer? I'm trying to locate the Applegate Building. It's supposed to be on 55th Street, but I don't see it anywhere. Officer: Do you have the number? Jack: Yes, let's see. (searching through his pockets) | should have it here somewhere — if | haven't lost it. Oh, here itis. (He pulls a piece of paper out of his pocket.) It says 15 East 55th Street. Officer: Ah, you're headed the wrong way! You're on West 55thg Te ae aslPRESENT PERFECT “should have [the address] here somewhere ~ if! haven't lost it.” Finished Time Unfinished Time I lived here last year. 1 have lived here all my life. Did you meet Mr. Harper in 1980? Have you ever met Mr. Harper? The train didn't arrive at 7:00. ‘The train hasn't arrived yet. Bob was here for an hour, then Tom has been here for an hour, he left. and he's still here. Exercise 4 Rewrite the following sentences using the present perfect, Example: | don't smoke. (for a month now) haven't smoked for a month now. 1. Do you hear from Bill? (lately) 2. Looked everywhere, but I didn't find my keys. (yet) 3. George is out of town on business a lot. (recently) 4. Itdidn't rain. (in weeks) 5. Mary gets to know a lot of nice people through her work. (over the years) 6. Jim and Janet don't have time to do any sightseeing. (up to now) 7. Did you get lost in London? (ever) 8. John asked three people, but no one gave him directions. (so far) 9. Mr. Hall left for the day. (already) 10. Lenjoy watching sports on T.V. (never) 7MODERN ARCHITECTURE: BEAUTY VERSUS PRACTICALITY Many people ask whether 20th century architecture has made the world a better place. Since the 1950's, architects have been designing cold, impersonal structures that have changed the areas where they are located ~ often for the worse. Some even say that crime, vandalism and despair have been a direct result of living in such heartless places. But do modern buildings have to be heartless? Is all modern design concerned only with cheap materials and quick completion dates? Perhaps not. Think of the Sydney Opera House, completed in 1973. It was laughed at during its planning and construction, but it has since become one of the great architectural landmarks of the world, Designed by a Dane named Utzon, the structure has a roof that resembles the sails of the boats in the harbour below. It has been criticized for being both ugly and useless. But once it was completed, it quickly became the much loved symbol of a great city, and it is today, too. Its final cost was some $102 million dollars, well over the $7 million originally estimated, and it took 19 years to complete rather than the five years planned. Although its revolutionary design is stunning from the outside, itis too small to stage large-scale operas — something of a disadvantage in an opera house! 19CONTRASTING TENSES Where does Brian work? Did he work there last year? How long has he worked there? | meet a lot of people. I met several people at a party last night. I've met many interesting people in my life. Exercise 6 Fill in the simple present, present perfect or simple past. Example: |_bought_a new book, but |_haven't read_it yet. (buy /not read) 1. We the Morgans since they The city Mr. Wilson the office while you (not hear from / move) the land for the park ten years ago. (acquire) out. (stop by /be) (own) This is the second Cadillac Mr. Jenkins you We ____usually any good books lately? (read) dinner out during the week. (not eat) Moween you (say /leave) good-bye to Ellen before she yesterday? = Who this coat 2 It's not mine. (belong to) Pollution a problem here since the new chemical plant (become / open) 10. We Bob often when he Up the street from us. (see /live) 1. Jim (get forget) 12, Mr Harper almost always a ticket because he to put money in the meter. first class. (fly) 2SUMMARY - CHAPTER 2 Structures Jack works for a large company. He has worked there since 1990. He arrived in New York on Monday. He doesn’t know his way around and neither do |. Vocabulary passerby landmark get something straight vandalism supposed to despair can’t seem to heartless locate concerned with search resemble head (for) stunning turn around scale (large ~) miss (can't ~ it) verdict controversial wharf have enough of Expressions Just my luck! Take it easy. 23AN OLD AMERICAN CUSTOM. Ken Harper, European Marketing Director for a large American cosmetics firm, is at New York's JFK Airport. He's just flown in from London and Brian Gordon, Executive Vice President of the firm, is there to meet him. Harper was just leaving the Customs area when he heard his name announced over the public address system: Mr. Ken Harper, please come to the information desk. Mr. Harper to the information desk, please. Ken: (arriving at the information desk) \'m Ken Harper. You were paging me? Information Oh, yes. There's a gentleman looking for you. (looking around) Clerk: He was just here. There he is... Oh, sir! Here's Mr. Harper. Brian: ‘Thank you. (shaking hands with Ken) Ken! It's good to see you. How are you? How was the trip? Ken: Brian! I'm just fine, thanks. It's good to see you, too. Sorry I'm late. The weather was dreadful in London, We were an hour late taking off. Brian: ‘That's all right. 1 was late getting here myself, How was the flight otherwise? Ken: Rather bumpy. Let's just say it's nice to have both feet back on the ground.NO CURB PARKING VIOLATORS a| TOWED AWAY SAT OWNER’SMODAL AUXILIARIES “Oh, no! | can't believe it! That is my car!” + can, be able to (ability) Can you give me a hand with these bags, please? It was so dark | couldn't see a thing. Harty has been able to drive since he was sixteen, + can, may (permission) You can sit here, if you like. May I see your passport, please? + should, ought to, had better (advisability) Be careful! You shouldn't drive so fast in the rain. John doesn’t look well. He ought to see a doctor. It's getting late. We'd better leave soon, Exercise 8 Example: John _¢_hurry up. His plane leaves in 10 minutes, a) may b) can ©) had better 1. The seatbelt sign has been turned off. You get up now. a) can't b) may should 2. Ourplane take off yesterday because the weather was so bad a) shouldn't b) couldn't c) had better 3 you meet me at the airport or should | take a taxi? a) Can b) May c) Should 4, You really see a bullfight while you're in Spain. a) may b) ought to ©) are able to 5. It's going to be a long flight. You take something to read. a) can b). should ©) may 6. I don't see Bill anywhere. | have him paged. a) can't b) may ©) had better 29THE ORIENT EXPRESS Surely no train journey in the world today is more romantic than the Simplon. Orient Express which travels from London to Venice. It recreates the now historic train ride of the 1880's. When you arrive at Victoria Station in London you discover the elegant cream and dark brown Pullman coaches furnished like a scene from an old Hollywood film - fine white tablecloths, expensive china and fresh flowers on each table. The three restaurant cars, piano bar car and eleven sleeping cars are all paneled in fine wood, with luxurious carpets and curtains throughout. ‘What could be more exciting than riding a train that has been glamorized in murder mysteries by famous writers like Agatha Christie? The Orient Express has inspired at least six movies, almost twenty books, many TV documentaries and at least two pieces of music. Who would want to travel by car when the train offers such romance! Who would choose the discomfort of air travel when the Orient Express offers such luxury! 31PRESENT PROGRESSIVE vs. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE su. AS you're nearing Venice ... you might imagine the many mysterious passengers who have been making this same trp .. Mr. Park is attending another conference this week. Since when has he been attending so many conferences? ~ He's been attending them since he was promoted. Ted is working on a math assignment. How long has he been working on it? He's been working on it for nearly an hour. Exercise 10 Fill in the present progressive or present perfect progressive. Examples: How soon _are_ you leaving for Europe? (leave) tt hasn't been raining much lately. (not ain) 1. I'm ready to go. you with me? (come) 2. We Jack for nearly 20 minutes. Where is he? (page) 3. I saw Paul with Cindy at the movies. How long they together? (go out) 4. Sorry I'mlate. ___ you long? (wait) 5. They boys basketball. | can hear them outside. (play) 6. We going to Spain ever since we saw Bill's slides. (think about) 7. The Gordons until they sell their house. (not move) 8. Yes, Mr. Reeves is in. Who__, please? (call) 9. Since Jeff arrived in London, he with his uncle. (stay) 10. Mary there long enough to ask for a raise. (not work) 11. Today is a holiday. The post office mail. (not deliver) 12. That clerk is slow! | in line for nearly 15 minutes. (stand) 33SUMMARY - CHAPTER 3 Structures Brian is looking for Ken in the airport. He's been looking for him for 20 minutes He should ask the airline to page Ken, Can Brian leave his car in front of the airport? Not for long! He'd better move it soon! Vocabulary tow away recreate cosmetics, Pullman coach announce sleeping car public address system. china page someone piano bar dreadful luxurious late (~ taking off, leaving, etc.) luxury otherwise ‘throughout rather slamorize bumpy glamorous set (adj) murder double-parked documentary give someone a hand restore quite recall brand-new legend doubt (n, v) hand down feel removed tedium Expressions Let's just say ... 'm afraid ... No doubt. 35THIS JUST ISN’T MY DAY! Its been a rough day for Ken Harper. After his long trip over from London, Ken wants to unwind. He's just arrived at the reception desk of the Regent Hotel. Clerk: Ken: Clerk: Ken: Clerk: Ken: Clerk: Ken: Clerk: Ken: Clerk Yes, sir. May I help you? Yes, | have a reservation. My name's Harper. ‘Thank you. (looking at the screen of his terminal) Let’s see ... Hoffman, Hollings ... I'm sorry. | don’t seem to find your name, Mr. Hopper. Not Hopper, Harper, H-A-R ... It must be there. Oh, I'm sorry. Now I see it. Yes, here we are, Mr. Harper. If youl fill ‘out this registration form, please ... and sign here ... Thank you. And. you'll be staying six nights? Yes, till next Thursday. Checking out Thursday morning? That's right. And how will you be paying, Mr. Harper? You take credit cards, don't you? Of course. (The clerk takes an impression of the card and hands it back to Harper.) Thank you. Here's your key. You'll be in Room 205. Would you like some help with your bags? 37x or —MODALS: PROBABILITY “I don't seem to find your name, Mr. Hopper.” “Not Hopper, Harper ... It must be there.” * may, might, could (= it’s possible, maybe) John isn’t sure where he'll spend his vacation, He may go to Spain. | might have to work late tomorrow, but | don’t know yet. Mrs. Gordon is late, She could be caught in traffic. * should, ought to ( = probably, it’s expected) My appointment shouldn't take long. Will you wait for me? Its almost nine. Mary ought to be here any minute. + must (= it's almost certain) Laura and Bill play tennis every weekend. They must really like it, Jim’s car looks brand new. He must not drive it very often. Exercise 12 Fill in the blanks using should, may, could, or must. Example: “What are you doing this weekend?” “We haven't decided. We _may_ go to Washington.” 1. “There aren’t any cabs around. What should we do?” “Well, we have to take the bus.” 2. “What time do you think it is?” “t's starting to get dark. It be at least six o'clock.” 3. “Where's Bill?” “I don't know. He left at 8:00, so he be here any minute.” 4. “This has been the roughest day of my life!” “Don't worry. Nothing else possibly happen!” “What time will you arrive?” “Well, the trip takes two hours, so we be there by 7:30.” . 6. “May | speak to John, please?” “I'm sorry. You__have the wrong number.” 41HOTELS OF THE WORLD Dear Travel Editor, For over a hundred years hotels like | | What has happened to the these preserved their own individ- ‘memorable hotels of the world? ual characters. Now they seem | Am T the only person to notice determined to become like every | that the world’s grandest hotels are ther first-class chain hotel in the losing their individuality? Personality world. They all nto the finest |_ i being replaced by the sort of star” levels of comfort, service, resraa ardization that makes McDonald's ants and facilities, But in the hamburgers identical in Miamt aug process of making everything Moscow. Conform to modern internationer | Laxury hotels used to have distinct Standards of luxury, they have lost | characters of their own. You cout, ‘Some of their unique character mn of the George 1 find that the excitement T once | V in Paris: you could hope te tating {elton entering a truly grand hot ih the famous writers tat met athe felt largely disappeared. T would be in in New York: you could xe quite Prepared to put up with some ‘ourelf in tradition atthe King David in inefficiencies to get it back | lem, where it was said tha “people Do other travelers agree? | ho made history rubbed shoulders wat, Cyril Fortescue-Bligh | People wo came to see it mae’ Egham, Surrey, UK.USES OF USED TO “Luxury hotels used to have distinct characters of their own.” be used to Ted is sleepy. He’s not used to staying up so late. (be in the habit off getused to Have you gotten used to being a commuter? (become MH never get used to rock and roll music! accustomed to) used to Janet used to live in Chicago, but she doesn’t anymore. (habitual past I never used to enjoy flying, but now I really like it. action) Where did you use to work? (question form) We didn’t use to have a fax machine. (negative form) Exercise 13 Examples: I'm not used to _getting_up early. (get) Mary used to _five_ in Boston. (live) She's out of practice now, but Jane used to French well. (speak) When Jim was in England he couldn’t get used to on the left (drive) ‘The hotel didn’t use to a public lounge. (have) Janet says she can't seem to get used to in this climate. (live) Its no problem. I'm used to business calls at home. (get) The children never used to. traveling; now they love it! (like) We didn’t use to__ many movies, but now we go once a week. (see) I'll never get used to job application forms. fill out) There used to__run-down buildings where the park is now. (be) Driving at night used to me, but I don’t mind it anymore. (bother)SUMMARY — CHAPTER 4 Structures I should be able to find a hotel room. | The hotel might not have one available though. | | could stay with our friend Brian. | | used to stay with him often. He’s used to having people stay there. rough unwind | hand back manage (to) replace available standardtization) | unfortunately distinct renovations mingle (with) suppose lose yourself in rub shoulders with preserve determined to chain facility conform to | put up with inefficiency Expressions This just isn't my day. 7WE'RE HAVING A BIG SALE Pp 207 David, Brian Gordon's son, is a sophomore in college. By working summers for the past three years he finally saved up enough money to buy himself a used car. Now he's shopping around for a car stereo. Clerk: Is there anything ! can help you with? David: Actually, I'm looking for a car stereo. | saw your ad in the paper the other day. Clerk: We're having a big sale right now — 20% off on everything in the shop. David: Are these the only ones you have? Clerk: That's about it. We don’t have many left. Did you have anything particular in mind? David: No, not really. I'm just trying to get an idea of price. What about this one here on the left? Clerk: This is the top of the line. It has AM/FM stereo with cassette player, auto-reverse and automatic tuning. David: What's automatic tuning? Clerk: Well, with this feature, you just push a button and it stops at the next station it comes to. 49STEREO CLIY SAVE MORE THAN EVER BEFORE! oost nese WxShawew casserve sreneo | weoast Shura casserre sreneo wee 9109, | Ee 88808 | LE sypges ean steno MODEL YoR.3500 Te Seance! ‘CAR STEREO cers fetes, ee orig ae” $248, [ERE £299, DicraL awew casserTe STEREO Wit 16 STATION PRESET TUNING ‘AMEN CASSETTE STEREO leone ‘wir DGTAC TUNING = sia | =e 08 DIGITAL AMFM CASSETTE | DIGITAL AM/FM CASSETTE WITH AUTO-REVERSE & DOLBY David saw an ad for a car mgs, $199. cee suse orm Cae ae et rears | owt cing rear ose son IS coe ete Goby nose reouion | Suet cont onl oun crea ‘rato cote bare elCOMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES “Yes, but [the other stereos} aren't as nice as this one.” + comparisons of equality (as nice as, etc.) This hotel isn’t as nice as it used to be. L John is 6 foot 5, and his son is almost as tall (as he is). + comparative forms (prettier, more /less difficult, etc.) Mary is thinner than the last time | saw her. (Our new computer is more complicated than the old one. ‘You might find the car at a better price if you shop around. - The faster he drove, the more nervous | got. + superlative forms (the longest, the most /least beautiful, etc.) This is the worst steak I've ever tasted. All of the Gordon children are smart, but Kate is the smartest. The best restaurants aren’t always the most expensive ones, Exercise 15 Fill in the correct form of the adjectives in parentheses, Example: Russian is _the hardest_language I've ever studied. (hard) 1. This football game isn’t the last one. (exciting) 2. This is___ traffic jam I've seen in a long time. (bad) C 3. The new copy machine is and to use than the old one. (efficient / easy) 4, Who do you think is antist of our century? (talented) 5. The ____the exercise, the Hike it. (difficult / good) 6. I've never met a person than Jane. (helpful) 7. Mary prefers to shop during the week because stores are __ than : ‘on the weekends. (crowded) 8. They say Mr. Johnson is the _man in the city. (wealthy) 53TO HAGGLE OR NOT TO HAGGLE? Have you ever considered how passive we are about the business of buying? What do we do if we want a new PC? We do research to learn about all the available brands and models, figure out how much we can afford to spend, and then we either put it on a credit card or save up enough to buy it. But do we ever think of haggling with the clerk in the store, trying to talk him into, giving us a better price? I's generally just not done. But why not? You can be pretty sure that the distributor that sells PC’s, home appliances, or whatever, haggles like the devil with manufacturers to get the best price possible. So why is it acceptable to haggle in some circumstances and not in others? Why are some cultures much more adept at haggling than others? ‘Try going into a store in Los Angeles or London and saying, “I've had my eye ‘on that camera in the window. The tag says $495 ~ would you take $4007” OF course some people will try and negotiate a reduced price if they're buying a lot of things from one supplier: it's called a bulk discount. But it's curiousPROGRESSIVE FORM WITH MODALS “1 may just be getting lazy, but if you tell me the price is $10 ..." Mary always takes a break from 10:00 to 10:15. It’s 10:10, so she must be taking a break now. Kids are funny. They can be crying one minute and laughing the next. ‘The report isn’t that important. You shouldn't be spending this much time on it. Exercise 17 Example: (can’t/ shouldn't) Jane _can’t_be keeping very good track of office supplies. We're out of almost everything. 1. (may /should) Kathy was supposed to pick us up an hour ago. She be having trouble with her car again. 2. (rmust/ could) You want to drive from Boston to Miami in one day? You be joking! 3. (can’t/must not) It nearly 10:00. Bob still be working at this hour! 4. (Should / Might) The copy machine hasn‘t been working well. you be using it? 5. (could /may) Bill's line has been busy for an hour. Who he be talking to? 6. (may not/ shouldn't) if you have a hard time waking up, you be getting enough sleep. 7. (must/ should) Why is Ted watching T.V.? He be studying for his test. 8. (must not/couldn’t) The party is nearly over, and the Parkers aren't here yet. | guess they be coming. 57SUMMARY ~ CHAPTER 5. Structures 2 David has enough money to buy a stereo. The most expensive one ofall has many features. | He wants a cheaper one than that. i Should he be spending all his money on a stereo? Vocabulary sophomore hagale save (up) research Z shop around put it on (~ credit card) get an idea of talk s.. into s top of the line distributor feature (n) appliance 3 station (radio ~) like the devil complete with adept at run you negotiate in the neighborhood of negotiable - warranty bulk in ~) helpful regard i think something over fixed (~ price) 3 willing (0) emerge twist Expressions “ Actually, ... i No, not reallyNOW’S YOUR CHANCE Brian Gordon got to the office bright and early this morning. He likes to beat the moming rush hour, so he usually gets in about eight o'clock. Today he’s surprised to find his secretary, Kathy, already at her desk. Brian: Kathy: Brian: Kathy: Brian: Kathy: Brian: Kathy: Morning, Kathy. You're an early bird this morning. | know. | got a ride in with my roommate. She hates driving in traffic, so we left early. We made great time! ... Oh, by the way, Tom Wilson called to thank you for sending him the free samples. I left the message ‘on your desk. He called about 5:30 yesterday, but you had already left OK. Anything else? (looking through her notepad) Umm, yes, let’s see ... Oh, Ruth Palmer would like to see you this morning, if possible. Oh, good. I’ve been meaning to get in touch with her. What's her extension? I think I'll give her a ring now before I get tied up. | doubt if she’s in this early. Why don’t I try to get her for you later on? OK. Thanks, Kathy. (ten minutes later) Mr. Gordon, | have Ruth Palmer on the line. 61Brian had already left the office when Tom Wilson called,GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES It must be exciting to live in [> Living in Paris must be exciting. Paris Was it difficult to get a > Was getting a reservation reservation? difficult? twas an inconvenience not to (Not having a phone was an have a phone. inconvenience. Exercise 19 A) Example: Itwas hard for us to get used to the trafic here. Getting used to the traffic here was hard for us. 1. It’s not necessary to get in touch with Jane. twas a good idea to ask Ruth to join us. tmust be fascinating to travel all over the world. It was a mistake not to tell John the truth. Will it be a problem for you to get a ride? B) Example: Not getting enough sleep is bad for you. Its bad for you not to get enough sleep. 1. Flying a small plane in bad weather is dangerous. Discussing the matter with the salesman was wise Finding your way around in an unfamiliar city is difficult. Giving Brian a ring right now would be a good idea. Leaving the work until the last minute was poor planning.For many people the office has become a *home away from home.” And because so much time is spent there, it has become increasingly important for an office, like a home, to be a place where we can feel comfortable and relaxed. Numerous studies have shown that such an atmosphere encourages employees to perform more efficiently and productively. It’s surprising to note how important a simple detail like the color scheme of an office can be. According to psychologists, colors can have a major influence on our behavior. For instance, subtle shades of pink and rose usually have an emotionally calming effect. “Cool” or pale colors are ideal for office walls because they encourage feelings of confidence and well-being. Brightly-colored accent pieces such as lamps, wall hangings or pencil holders, on the other hand, keep us from becoming foo relaxed. Vibrant reds and yellows encourage physical activity and mental stimulation. These “warm” colors catch our attention and trigger a surge of energy. Research shows that small, drab gray offices with metal furniture tend to arouse negative human responses. People become bored, tired, and irritable in such an impersonal atmosphere. Large attractive rooms furnished with comfortable chairs and personal belongings, on the other hand, encourage feelings of pleasure, ambition, and a desire to be an effective member of the work force. 7PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES “And the rewards of a thoughtfully decorated office can be more than just cosmetic.” Participle only: | received a written report. Adverb + participle: | received a carefully written report Participle + phrase: | received a report written two days ago. Exercise 21 Example: English is a language. (It’s spoken all over the world.) English isa language spoken all over the world, 1. Everyone enjoyed the dinner. (It was served after the meeting.) 2. Have they replaced the window? (It was broken.) 3. TMA is a manufacturing firm. (It’s highly respected.) 4. The package hasn't arived yet. (It was mailed last week.) 5. When can we take a tour of the factory? (It opened recently.) 6. Employees are more productive. (They're satisfied with their work.) 7. Who does the bicycle belong to? (It was found in the parking lot.) 8. Apartments are dificult to find, (They're furnished.) 9. received a call from an old friend. (tt was unexpected.) 10. They rebuilt the town. (lt was almost totally destroyed by an earthquake.) 69SUMMARY - CHAPTER 6 Structures Kathy works very hard, doesn’t she? Yes. She's a very well-organized person, too. She types much faster than anyone else. Getting to work on time is easy for her. bright and early mood rush hour encourage I early bird efficient(ly) I ride (n, v) influence (n, v) roommate behavior make good time subtle mean to effect / effective extension confidence tied up keep someone from later on vibrant | arrangement is read someone's mind | chance | campaign tend to work force / workspace in addition to provide Expressions By the way, ... According to .. For instance ... 7LET'S GO OUT FOR LUNCH! Ruth Palmer, Director of Customer Support at TMA, is meeting a friend, Debbie Lang, for lunch. They've decided to try The Blue Swan, a new restaurant that has just opened near the office. Ruth: Debbie. Ruth: Debbie: Waitress: Rath: Waitress: Ruth: Waitress: Hi, Debbie. Hi, Ruth. Boy, we're really swamped with work at the office. For a while, | wasn’t sure | could get away. ''m glad you could make it. I's nice to go out for lunch for a change. | get tired of the same old sandwiches in the cafeteria every day. Let's go in and see! (inside the restaurant) Oh! It’s really crowded, isn't ite Here's your table. I'l be back in a minute. (The waitress gives them ‘menus and leaves.) Wow, she's drinks. in a rush, isn’t she? She didn’t even ask if we wanted (The waitress returns.) Are you ready to order now? (glancing at the menu) | think so. I'll have the veal parmesan. Is that served with pasta? You have a choice of pasta or rice. 73Baked Stuffed Sole 95 Beet Stroganalf 9.95 Meal Parmesan 995, Stufed Shrimp 10.98 Lobster Newburg 1095 Griled Lam Chops 995 “ied peat cued Sp yceanrae = eanane sas bc "We ine so 1 ap our rat Debbie decided to or 1 beef stroganoffGERUND OR INFINITIVE AFTER THE VERB “[Ruth and Debbie] have decided to try ...a new restaurant...” “1 don't mind waiting a little, but this is ridiculous!” + Verbs followed by gerunds: Bob and Mary enjoy going to the theater. How long ago did you quit smoking? t admit dislike sive up miss avoid enjoy have trouble put off deny feel like keep (on) quit discuss finish mind suggest : * Verbs followed by infinitives: We've decided to go to Japan on our vacation. The company promised to send us brochures. agree fail offer promise choose hope plan refuse decide learn prepare seem expect need pretend want + Verbs followed by either gerunds or infinitives (with the same meaning): It started to rain. or Itstarted raining. like to listen to music. or‘ ike listening to music. attempt continue like prefer : begin hate love start 7HUMOR ON THE MENU Mr. Higginbottom was enjoying a quiet holiday at a small inn in a quaint town in Quebec, Canada. The first evening he arrived at the restaurant at about six o'clock and was escorted by the waiter to a small table for two in the corner. Soon after, he was joined by a distinguished-looking French gentleman who, before sitting down, politely bowed, smiled and said, “Bon appétit.” Without a moment's hesitation, Higginbottom got up, returned the bow and said, “Higginbottom,” The same little ceremony was repeated at each meal for the next three days. The Frenchman said “Bon appétit” and Higginbottom replied with his name. But by the fourth day, Higginbottom was getting confused, so he dec ask the bartender. “I can’t figure it out. I's the same thing every ni first time we introduced ourselves. | can understand that. But why keep up the same thing day after day?” 79THE PASSIVE VOICE “The same little ceremony was repeated at each meal for the next three days.” Without agent: They serve dinner until 9:00 p.m. ~ Dinner is served until 9:00 p.m, With agent: Mr, Gordon signed the contract. — The contract was signed by Mr. Gordon. Why weren’t the letters sent airmail? Many changes have been made by the new manager. This report won't be read by anyone but the President. Exercise 24 Change the following sentences to passive. Ifthe agent is a pronoun, omit it. Example: The Davenport Company built a new resort hotel. A new resort hotel was built by the Davenport Company. 1. They spent $4,000,000 on construction of the hotel. 2. A famous architect designed the hotel. 3. They completed it in January. 4, A famous travel magazine published an article about the hotel. 5. They've sent out brochures advertising the hotel. 6. Several travel agencies offer package deals which include meals. 7. Many people have made reservations for next summer. 8. The company has already planned an expansion of the facility, 81A BAD CONNECTION Jerry Rogers works for Allied Shipping. His company handles a lot of international shipments for Brian Gordon's firm, TMA. One day Jerry called with some Important news for Brian, Jerry: Kathy: Jerry: Kathy: Jerry Kathy: Jerry: Kathy: Jerry: Kathy: Jerry: Brian: Hello. I'd like to speak to Brian Gordon, please. May | ask who's calling? Yes. This is Jerry Rogers at Allied Shipping Could you please speak up a little? | can’t hear you very clearly Ws Jerry Rogers calling from Allied Shipping, Please hold, Mr. Rogers. I'll see if Mr. Gordon’s available. Thank you. (a few seconds later) I'm sorry, Mr. Rogers. Mr. Gordon is on the other line. May | ask what it's in reference to? Maybe | can help you I'm calling about a shipment of cosmetics that’s scheduled to leave for Milan, Italy ... (Oh, Mr. Gordon is free now. I'll put you through. Thank you. Hello, Jerry. What's up? 85