ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus

The Principle of UV-

Visible Spectroscopy
is based on the
absorption of ultraviolet light or visible light by chemical
compounds, which results in the production of distinct
spectra. ... When the matter absorbs the light, it undergoes
excitation and de-excitation, resulting in the production of a
spectrum.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus
In theoretical physics, ultraviolet completion, or UV
completion, of a quantum field theory is the passing from a
lower energy quantum field theory to a more general quantum
field theory above a threshold value known as the cutoff.
A UV-Vis spectrophotometer measures the intensity of light
transmitted through a sample compared to a reference
measurement of the incident light source. ... The transmitted
light is acquired by a CCD optical detector with a wavelength
accuracy of within 0.5nm
Principle of ultraviolet–visible absorption

Molecules containing bonding and non-bonding electrons (n-

electrons) can absorb energy in the form of ultraviolet or visible
light to excite these electrons to higher anti-bonding molecular
orbitals.
There is no difference between UV and visible
spectrophotometer because both names refer to the same
analytical instrument.
UV Spectroscopy uses ultraviolet light to determine the
absorbency of a substance. In simple terms, the technique
maps the interaction between light and matter and measures.
As matter absorbs light it undergoes either excitation or de-
excitation, which generates what is known as a spectrum
UV-Vis Spectroscopy (or Spectrophotometry) is a quantitative
technique used to measure how much a chemical substance
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus
absorbs light. This is done by measuring the intensity of
light that passes through a sample with respect to the intensity
of light through a reference sample or blank.
The UV region covers the wavelength range 100-400 nm and is
divided into three bands: UVA (315-400 nm) UVB (280-315 nm)
UVC (100-280 nm).
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus
Principle of UV-Visible Spectroscopy
The Principle of UV-Visible Spectroscopy is based on the
absorption of ultraviolet light or visible light by chemical
compounds, which results in the production of distinct
spectra. Spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light
and matter. When the matter absorbs the light, it undergoes
excitation and de-excitation, resulting in the production of a
spectrum.
When matter absorbs ultraviolet radiation, the electrons
present in it undergo excitation. This causes them to jump from
a ground state (an energy state with a relatively small amount
of energy associated with it) to an excited state (an energy
state with a relatively large amount of energy associated with
it). It is important to note that the difference in the energies of
the ground state and the excited state of the electron is always
equal to the amount of ultraviolet radiation or visible radiation
absorbed by it.
UV-Visible Spectroscopy and the Beer-Lambert Law
The statement of the Beer-Lambert law can be written as
follows: When a beam of monochromatic light is made incident
on a solution that contains a substance that absorbs the
monochromatic light, the rate at which the intensity of the
beam decreases along the thickness of the solution is directly
proportional to the concentration of the absorbing substance in
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus
the solution and is also directly proportional to the
intensity of the incident monochromatic radiation.
As per the Beer-Lambert law, the greater the number of
absorbing molecules (that have the ability to absorb light of a
specific wavelength), the greater the extent of absorption of
the radiation.
To learn more about the principle of UV-Visible spectroscopy
and other related concepts such as infrared spectroscopy,
register with BYJU’S and download the mobile application on
your smartphone.
Frequently Asked Questions on the Principle of UV Visible
Spectroscopy
What are the Applications of UV-Visible Spectroscopy?
UV-Visible spectroscopy is widely used in the field of analytical
chemistry, especially during the quantitative analysis of a
specific analyte. For example, the quantitative analysis of
transition metal ions can be achieved with the help of UV-
Visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of
conjugated organic compounds can also be done with the help
of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It can also be noted that this type of
spectroscopy can also be carried out on solid and gaseous
analytes in some conditions.
What kinds of detectors are used in UV-Visible spectroscopy?
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module 2 –Spectroscopy
SY- 1st Semester AY- 2021-2021-PSU Balabac Campus
A widely used detector in UV-Vis spectroscopy is the
Photomultiplier tube. It consists of a photoemissive cathode
(which is a cathode that releases electrons when it is hit by
radiation photons), multiple dynodes (which is a device that
emit multiple electrons for each striking electron), and an
anode.
What is UV-Visible spectroscopy?
Ultraviolet and visible (often abbreviated to UV-Vis) absorption
spectroscopy is a type of spectroscopy which involves the
calculation of a light beam’s attenuation (strength/intensity
weakening) after it passes through a sample or reflects from a
sample surface