THE WORLD OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

-Hay dos ocurrencias en los minerales, Pimario (Nativo) y minerales

agregados

-Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits: SEDEX is formed by hidrotermal

fluids

Box 1.2
-Seis tipos de depositos:

Syngenetic (simultaneously
Diagenetic (solid rock)
Epigenetic (older rocks)
Stratiform (parallel)
Stratabound (certain rock layer)
Discordant

Selected Ore Minerals

SULFIDES:

Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2, 35% content of Cu. Berlin

Bornite: Cu5FeS4, 63% content of Cu. Mexico

Covellite: CuS, 66% content of Cu. Serbia

Chalcocite: Cu2S, 80% content of Cu. Australia

Enargite: Cu3AsS4, Andes

Pentlandite: (Ni,Fe)9S8, Nickel, together with calcopiryte

Galena: (PbS), Germany, with sulphides and sphalerita, Germany

Sphalerite: (ZnSm), usualy contains Mn, Cd, Spain

OXYDES AND HYDROZYDES:

Chromite: FeCr2O4, Spinel Group

Magnetite: Fe3O4, methamortphic rocks, collected for serpentine, iron

ore, Switzerland

Hematite: Fe2O3, Iron Ore, Switzerland

Ilmenite: FeTiO3, Titaniun Ore, Norway

Pyrolusite: MnO2, Manganese Ore, Germany

Cassiterite: SnO2, Tin Ore, Czech Republic

Uraninite: UO2 to U3O8, U ore

Goethite: FeOOH, Iron Ore or suphides, Germany

Gibbsite: Al(OH)3, Aluminium Ore

Diasporite: AlOOH, Aluminium Ore

CARBONATES:

Malachite: Cu2CO3, Copper Ore, Germany

Azurite: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, Copper Ore, Namibia

Siderite: FeCO3, Copper Ore, Germany

1.5 Where to Search and How?

Remote sensing, drilling, geophysical, rock sampling

1.6 Remote sensing: This tool work well in arid and semiarid areas with
dense vegetation the possibilities are limited.

Has two different spectarl channels, multiespectral (Landsat) and

Hyperspectral (Aster)

1.7 Geophysical exploration: magnetic field, the gravitational field,

electrical conductivity

Principles of geophysics:

The gravimetry: is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational

field.

Magnetics: important method used to measure the direction, strength, or

relative change of a magnetic field

Electrical methods: to measure the conductivity of the subsurface or

electrical potentials. Use electrodes

Electromagnetic methods: generates an electromagnetic field that induces

electrical currents in conductive bodies in the subsurface such as sulfides,
graphite, or water that in turn generate a measurable field.

Magnetotellurics: Use for find oil and gas, have a hundreds and thousand
meters in depth

Radiometry: measurement of gamma radiation using a spectrometer. Can

be used to determine the contents of uranium, thorium, and potassium in
the ground.

Seismics: (reflected-Reflejado and refracted-Refractado) Reflection

seismics is the most important method used in the search for oil and gas.