Trisha Camille A.

Tenorio Stem 12-Virgo

Pre-Test
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A

Task 1
“May tainga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita”
For instance, the news spread quikly, the people are the one called may tainga ang
lupa because they are the one who spread the rumors qiukly and some have different
versions with it. Ancient times when there’s still no televisions, social media, radio,
telephone, etc. people only use handwritten message which they used to communicate
and spread information or news, then the message is delivered through a pigeon, others
delivered it through riding a horse or a boat which really shows that “may pakpak ang
balita”.
THE MOON AND THE SUN
This Filipino folktale not only tells the story of the stars' birth, but also focuses on
issues of family and duty, both vital in traditional communities and in modern life. Our
actions, or failure to act can have long-term consequences on our environment and others
around us. However, we can discover beauty in every tragedy, and we can realize that no
matter what occurs in life, there is always hope for redemption.

task 2
The pasyon was one of the most famous literary piece during the Spanish time,
this excerpt talks about the life of Jesus Christ, focused on his passion, death, and
resurrection. It also means that the trees are God’s great alphabet, with them he writes in
shining green across the world, his wisdom and kindness will always be infinity. In God
there is no end, he forgives and loves us all even though we are sinners.

Task 3
Dear Ilustrados,
It’s my honor and pleasure that I am writing this letter to you. I am so
grateful to all of you. I really admire your talent in writing skills and with the used of pen
and a paper, you open the minds of the Filipinos during the colonization of Spanish. Not
only you open our minds, but all of you taught us how to fight and gain our freedom. All
of your hard works are not truly in vain even now your literary piece are still famous.
This is to express my gratitude for your contribution to Philippine literature and, more
significantly, for helping us achieve our independence from the Spaniards. Your
education has played a significant role in empowering Filipinos to become self-sufficient.
Your words and artwork informed Filipinos about what was actually going on in our
nation at the time. Their nationalism was reawakened as a result of publications such as
Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and La Solidaridad, which were compilations of
writings such as petitions to the King of Spain for change, reports on the situation in the
Philippines, and Philippine legislation. We were able to achieve the long-awaited national
liberation thanks to your support. Currently, your compositions serve as a foundation for
literary development.

Truly Yours,
Binibining Trisha Camille

Task 4
Spanish Period
During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos:
- embraced the Catholic religion
- changed their names
- were baptized.
The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
¨ The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
¨ The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of
its words to our language.
¨ European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos,
and moro-moros.
¨ Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
¨ Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
¨ Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
-There are many recreational plays per-formed by Filipinos during the Spanish times.
Almost all of them were in poetic form.
Enlighment Period
- In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began
to write about the hitch of colonization.
Some of Rizal’s writings:
- 1. NOLI ME TANGERE- This was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda
movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain.
- 2. EL FILIBUSTERISMO- This is a sequel which exposed those in the
government and in the church.
- 3. MI ULTIMO ADIOS- This was a poem by Rizal while he was incarcerated at
Fort Santiago.
- 4. SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS (On the Indolence of the
Filipinos)- An essay on the so-called Filipino indolence and an evaluation of the
reasons for such allegations.
- 5. FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN AÑOS- An essay predicting the increasing
influence of the US in the Philippines and the decreasing interest of Europe
Some of Del Pilar’s writings
1. PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (Love of Coun-try). Translated from the Spanish
AMOR PATRIA of Rizal, published on August 20, 1882, in Diariong Tagalog.
2. KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful). A humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr. Jose
Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1883. 3. DASALAN
AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes). Similar to a catechism but sarcastically done
against the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888.
Some of Jaena’s writings
1. ANG FRAY BOTOD (Friar Botod). One of his works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876,
six years after the Cavite Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines.
He exposed how some of the friars were greedy, ambitious and immoral.
2. LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar)
and EVERYTING IS HAMBUG (Everything is mere show). Here Jaena explains the
tragedy of marrying a Spaniard.
3. SA MGA PILIPINO...1891) A speech which aimed to improve the condition of the
Filipinos to become free and progressive.
4. TALUMPATING PAGUNITA KAY KOLUMBUS (An Oration to Commemorate
Columbus). A speech he delivered in Madrid on the 39th anniversary of the discovery of
American.
American Period
 - Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. English as
medium of instruction was introduced in the schools as intellectual language of
education.
- Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse. Angela Manalang Gloria
used free verse in writing her poetry about illicit love.
- Alongside this development, writers in the provinces continued to use vernacular
language. Some of them are Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Pena and
Patricio Mariano. American’s influence was evident in the fusion of American
pop cultures and romantic tradition such as Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan by F.P
Boquecosa who also penned Ang Palad ni Pepe after Charles Dicken’s David
Copperfield.
- The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following
newspapers.
- ¨ EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day). Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900. The
American censors twice banned this and threatened Osmeña with banishment
because of his nationalistic writings.
- ¨ EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation). Established by Pascual
Poblete in 1900.
- ¨ EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth). Founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.
Plays written during the period
- ¨ KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow).
Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the Americans
and their plan to colonize the Philippines.
- ¨ TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad.
- ¨ MALAYA by Tomas Remigio.
- ¨ WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes.

- During the first year of the American period, the languages used in writing were
Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions, but Spanish and
Tagalog predominated.
- ¨ The writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the
country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue.
- ¨ The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.
 Task 5
Philippine Literature in American
Regime
- American influenced Filipino
writers to write using English
language.
- English as medium of instruction
was introduced in the school as
intellectual of education
- The writers in English imitated
the themes and methods of the
Americans.
- The active arousal in the field of
literature started to be felt.
- Education became very
important issue for the united
states colonial government, since
it allowed it to spread their
cultural values, particularly the
English language, to the Filipino
people.
Philippine Literature in Japanese
Regime
- Philippine literature in English
came to halt. Except for the
tribunr and the Philipppine
review, almost all newspapers in
English were stopped by the
Japanese.
- The common theme of most
poems during the Japanese
occupation was nationalism,
country, love, and life in the
barrios, faith, religion and arts.
- There were three types of poems
emerged during this period:
Haiku, Tanaga, Karaniwang
Anyo
- The field of the short story
widened during the Japanese
Occupation. Many wrote short
stories.

Task 6
“Teenage Pregnancy a thing that kills young teenager’s dream & goals, a thing that does
no good but leave teenager’s regretting and ashamed endless crying.”

Task 7
I feel that…
This period is such devastated because military rules over for more than ten years
here yet they fight and gain for their freedom. They were really true to themselves
especially in their poetry, songs, and books. The themes were really true-to-life like those
of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, country and fellowmen. They
truly love their country so that’s why they wrote openly of their criticism against the
government.
I believe that..
Some of the songs are for Ninoy Aquino, they were grieved over the
assassination of the senator which is why they composed a song for him. People reacted
with shock, dismayed by the suddenness and the unexpectedness of events. The sadness
and grieved that they feel lead them to write poems and composed songs. But with the
Philippines became a nation and this; former president Ferdinand Marcos called “the
New Republic of the Philippines” became well-known. Because of this happening I
believe that we are truly a Filipino.

Task 8
The feeling of happiness an sadness. The happy part is when they sing about the
flower surrounding the environment of the country, the beautiful side of the Philippines
and the sad part take over the country.
The 2nd stanza The symbol for the Philippines was the ibon (bird). This verse
compares the Philippines to a bird soaring freely in the sky before being kidnapped by
conquerors, illustrating Filipinos' yearning for independence from the Americans. The
phrases kulungin mo at umiiyak and ang di magnasang makaalpas depict the pains and
longing for liberty. These lyrics demonstrate how a trapped bird would scream and desire
for release. These symbolic lines depicted what happened when the Philippines fell under
American rule.
Furthermore, the third stanza expresses his affection for the country and his desire
that one day his country would be free of American control. Overall, the song's lyrics
depict Filipinos' feelings, sorrows, and desires throughout the American period.
Lastly, a patriot seeks for his nation to be free.

Task 9
Period of Activisms
- the youth moved to seek reforms
- Some continued to believe that the democratic government is stable and that it is
only the people running the government who are at fault
- Some believed that socialism or communism should replace democracy
- Some armed groups were formed to bring down the democratic form of
government.
Period of Third Republic
 - After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which
started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
- The Philippines became a new nation and this; former President Marcos called
“The New Republic of the Philippines.”
- Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary.
Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The supplications
of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting
language.
- Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of
grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
- Among the well-loved forms of writing which abounded during this period were
those of children’s stories. The Children’s Communication Center (CCC) directed
by poet and writer Virgilio S. Almario already.
Post-EDSA 1
- In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power
(Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. Together, the people barricaded the streets
petitioning the government for changes and reforms. Freedom became a reality –
won through a peaceful, bloodless and God-blessed revolution.
- In the short span of the existence of the true Republic of the Philippines, several
changes already became evident. This in noticed in the new Filipino songs, in the
newspapers, in the speeches, and even in the television programs.
- On Newspapers and other publications: Newspapers which were once branded
crony newspapers became instant opposition papers overnight. This was true of
BULLETIN TODAY which became the opposition paper. The now crony
newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE
INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
21st Century
- Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels, and essay
whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in
intention or not. Of course, the Filipino writers have become more conscious of
their art with proliferation of writers’ workshop here and abroad and the bulk of
literature available to him via the mass media including internet.
- The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the need and taste of new
generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete
globally so as the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are
used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

POST TEST
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. B