1. What is API? Explain. Is it effective or a myth? Give evidence.

API or Aptitude Treatment Interaction is the notion of matching instruction and materials to
learners's characteristics. Based on the book about students' learning difficulties, API is just a myth. The
API field is already dead. For example, in reading and spelling, we both require the integrated use of
auditory and visual skills. It means that all teaching methods should incorporate both visual and
phonological abilities. The researchers have also identified that there no specific and effective
instructional methods for dyslexic students, even for poor readers.

2. What is the effect of difficulty in Phonological Awareness on learning to read?

If a student is having a difficulty in Phonological awareness such as having a dyslexi and other
reading disabilities, he or she will be having a hard time in phonological aspects of decoding (identifying
sounds within spoken words) and understanding the alphabetic principle.

3. Does dyslexia exist? Prove.

Dyslexia does really exist as one of the major specific form of increasing disability. It is
characterised a by a slow response to remedial intervention. Even though it shares the same features
with other difficulties, it has its own etiology. Many of the teachers and experts in education have
proved that teaching alone is not the cure for those who have reading disabilities like dyslexia. There are
other causes that are needed to be addressed. In fact, there are now 6 subtypes of dyslexia like
Logographical, Phonological and Dyslexia associated with scotopic sensitivity syndrome.

4. Create simple pointers - 10 point guideline on planning an instructional remedial program.

1. A high quality teaching approach that involves students in more clear explanations,
modelling and scaffolding.

2. Start the program by asking the students' response one by one on what their expectations in
the remedial class are and ask them so far how much they work on reading and listening first, then
writing and speaking.

3. Use interesting and easy-to-read text materials for the students to enjoy earning everyday.

4. Provide appropriate and fair assessment to monitor the progress of students.

5. Ask for highly-trained professionals who clearly understands the needs of the students with
learning disabilities. They will be in charge of executing the separate curriculum for remedial instruction.
 6. Have a positive reinforcement towards students who are able to pass their oral and written
exams like giving stars and small awards that will boost their motivation.

7. Avoid students' negligence on doing their works and the students who are distracting their
classmates. Do a routine to keep their behaviour on the right track.

8. Make different forms of lesson presentation - film watching, independent reading, writing
workshops, vocabulary enhancement program, listening to audiobooks and many others.

9. Variety of themes for every session and the activities should be in the right level of difficulty
to the students.

10. Maximum active participation. Child-centeredness all the time must be the concern of
teachers.