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On HX
On HX
WHAT IS HX……???
Heat exchangers are equipment that transfer
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heat from one medium to another.
E.g.
From hot water to cold water,
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A heat exchanger is a component that allows the transfer of
heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid.
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4. To condense a gaseous fluid by means of a cooler fluid
Heat can flow only from the hotter to the cooler fluid.
TYPES
Although heat exchangers come in every shape
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and size imaginable, the construction of most
heat exchangers fall into one of two categories:
tube and shell,
or plate.
TUBE AND SHELL
The most basic and the most common type of heat
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exchanger construction is the tube and shell, as shown in
Figure.
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In systems where the two fluids are at vastly different
pressures, the higher pressure fluid is typically directed through
the tubes and the lower pressure fluid is circulated on the shell
side.
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plates instead of tubes to separate the hot and cold fluids.
The hot and cold fluids alternate between each of the plates. Baffles
direct the flow of fluid between plates.
Because each of the plates has a very large surface area, the
plates provide each of the fluids with an extremely large
heat transfer area.
This is due to the larger area the plates provide over tubes.
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Plate Type Heat Exchanger
FLOW OF ARRANGEMENT
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1. Parallel Flow
2. Counter Flow
3. Cross Flow
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Ina cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids travel
roughly perpendicular to one another through the
exchanger.
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A third type of heat exchanger is the regenerative heat
exchanger.
These exchangers are used only for gases and not for liquids.
The major factor for this is the heat capacity of the heat transfer
matrix.
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Regenerative Heat Exchanger
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A fourth type of heat exchanger uses an intermediate fluid or
solid store to hold heat, which is then moved to the other side
of the heat exchanger to be released.
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The log mean temperature difference (LMTD)
is used to determine the temperature driving
force for heat transfer in flow systems (most
notably in heat exchangers).
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And for Parallel flow (i.e. where the hot stream, liquid or gas, goes
from say left to right, and so does the cold stream), is given by the
following equation:
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the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially counter
current exchangers) when there is insufficient information to
calculate the Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD).
The method proceeds by calculating the heat capacity rates (i.e. flow
rate multiplied by specific heat) Ch and Cc for the hot and cold fluids
respectively, and denoting the smaller one as Cmin.
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E is then defined in terms of that maximum:
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Todetermine the overall heat transfer coefficient
for assessing the performance of the heat
exchanger.
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Step A - monitoring and reading the steady state
parameters like temperature and pressure (inlet , outlet,
hot and cold)
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and tabulated like the temperature and pressure
range.
CALCULATIONS
Step D – finally all the thermal parametrs are
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evaluated like,
1. Capacity
2. Effectiveness
3. NTU
4. LMTD
5. U = overall heat transfer by the use of various
heat transfer formulaes.
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