MOTIVATION

CONCEPT AND
THEORIES
 WHAT IS EXERCISE
ADHERENCE?
Exercise Adherence (EA) – is the ability
to maintain an exercise program for an
extended time period.
Exercise adherence is one of the biggest
health problems for American adults.
EA is also a problem for children and
adolescents, probably due in part to
extensive reductions in required
physical education classes.
What are the major
reasons why adults
exercise?
REASONS ADULTS EXERCISE
weight control for appearance and
health,
health benefits--particularly for
cardiovascular problems (i.e.,
hypertension),
stress and depression management
Enjoyment,
building self-esteem, and
social and affiliation benefits.
REASONS FOR INITIATING EXERCISE
PROGRAMS
health benefits,
weight control,
Appearance,
increased energy,
mobility issues (e.g., joint problems),
and
meet people.
REASONS FOR MAINTAINING
EXERCISE PROGRAMS
stress and depression
management,
Enjoyment,
building self-esteem,
maintaining social
relationships,
weight maintenance, and
health maintenance.
EXERCISE BARRIERS

lack of time,
lack of energy, and
lack of motivation.
 OTHER EXERCISE
BARRIERS
• social support barriers,
• health and fitness barriers,
• other commitments,
• resource barriers, and
• programming barriers.
 EXERCISE BEHAVIOR
THEORIES & MODELS
• Health Belief Model,
• Theory of Planned Behavior,
• Social Cognitive Theory,
• Self-Determination Theory,
• Transtheoretical Model,
• Ecological Model, and
• Personal Investment Theory.
 HEALTH BELIEFS MODEL
Becker & Maiman (1975) suggest that
the likelihood of an individual’s
engaging in preventive health
behaviors such as exercise depends
▪ on the person’s perception of the severity
of potential illness and
▪ their appraisal of the costs versus
benefits of taking action.
▪ For example, a person who believes
the potential illness is serious, he/she
is at risk and the pros of taking action
outweigh the cons of working out is
likely to exercise regularly.
 FACTORS IMPACTING
EXERCISE ADHERENCE

• personal factors and

• environmental factors
 EXERCISE ADHERENCE
STRATEGIES
behavior modification approaches,
reinforcement approaches,
cognitive-behavioral approaches,
decision-making approaches
social support approaches, and
intrinsic approaches.
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
APPROACHES

prompts,
contracts, and
perceived choice.
 REINFORCEMENT
APPROACHES

charting attendance
and participation,
rewarding attendance
and participation, and
feedback and testing.
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL
APPROACHES
goals,
self talk, and
thought focus strategies
•association
•dissociation
 SOCIAL SUPPORT
APPROACHES

social support from partner,

group or class,
know where to go for what
you need, and
must trust and respect
person to go to them for
support.
INTRINSIC APPROACHES

focus on the experience,

focus on the process and
engage in meaningful
physical activity.
 BEST EXERCISE
ADHERENCE STRATEGIES
1. Make exercise fun and enjoyable.
2. Tailor exercise frequency, duration
and intensity to the exerciser.
3. Promote group exercise.
4. Keep daily exercise logs.
5. Reinforce success.
6. Find a convenient place to exercise.
 INTRODUCTION

 Goal- A goal is a desired result that a person plans

and commits to achieve.
 Goal setting- Goal setting involves the development
of an action plan designed to motivate and guide a
person or group toward a goal.
 “SETTING GOAL IS THE FIRST STEP IN
TURNING THE INVISIBLE INTO THE VISIBLE”
-TONY ROBINS-
 achieve your
organize highest
your time & Measure progress
Resources

Why setting goal ?

SHORT TERM
MOTIVATION acquisition of
LONG TERM knowledge
VISION
 “A GOAL WITHOUT A PLAN
IS JUST A WISH “
-ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY-
 Types Of Goals

Short Term Goal Long Term Goal

 Smart goal
Q-What is SMART goal ?

Ans:
 STEPS TO SET GOALS
1.Identify 2.Set 3.Iist
Goals Objective Obstacle

6.Develop A 5.List skill 4.Identify

plan people

7.Iist benefit
INSPIRATIONAL STORY
 INSPIRATIONAL STORY
•He wanted to be the greatest
bodybuilder in the world which meant
winning the title of Mr. Olympia. He
became the youngest ever Mr. Olympia
at the age of 23 (he won the title seven
times).

•He wanted financial success. He was a

millionaire by the age of 30 (this was
before Hollywood)
•He wanted to become a successful
 Conclusion
Goal setting is not just about identifying
what you want to achieve but also how
you will achieve it (process goals) and
measure that achievement .
Beginners require very short term, easily
achieved goals to boost their selfconfidence
whereas the experienced
individual need more challenging yet
realistic goals.