TUYEN T@P DE THI OLYMPIC 30 THANG 4, LAN THU XIX - 2013 TOAN HOCLOI NOI DAU MGi nim, cit vao dip thang 4 — thang ki niém mién Nam hoan tozn giai phong, dt nude théng nhat, cde em hoc sinh gidi I6p 10 va 11 cia céc trudng THPT chuyén va khéng chuyén ctia céc tinh mién Nam, mién Trung va Tay Nguyén lai né nite tham dy ki thi OLYMPIC TRUYEN THONG 30/4. Ki thi lan dau duge té chite vao nam hoc 1994 — 1995 theo sang kién cia Truong THPT Chuyén Lé Hing Phong — TP. Hé Chi Minh. Tir 46 dén nay, ki thi da duge t6 chtte lién tue voi quy mé ngay cang Ién, chat lugng ngay cang cao. Thang 4 nam 2013, ki thi OLYMPIC TRUYEN THONG 30/4, LAN THU XIX lai duge t6 chite tai Truong THPT Chuyén Lé Héng Phong — TP. H6 Chi Minh. Ki thi nim nay co quy mé rat én gdm 3.756 thi sinh cha 114 trudng, thudc 36 tinh thanh tham gia tranh tai da 10 mén thi: Toan hoc, Vat li, Hoa hoc, Sinh hoc, Tin hoc, Ngit van, Lich sit, Dia li, Tiéng Anh va Tiéng Php. Sau khi thi, Ban t6 chite da tap hop, sap xép lai b6 dé chinh thite va cée dé thi dé nghi ctia cde trudng tham dy. Day 18 mot tw ligu 06 gid tri, rat can thiét cho Quy thay c6 va cdc em hoc sinh tham khao trong qua trinh giang day va hoe tap. Ban t6 chtre da phéi hgp v6i Nha sach Hong An TP. Hé Chi Minh va Nha xudt ban Dai hoc Su pham xudt ban bé sach: TUYEN TAP DE THI OLYMPIC 30/4, LAN THU XIX — 2013. BG séch gdm 10 tap, mi tap 14 mt mén thi. Trong méi tap sdch gom c6 hai phan chinh: Phan I 1a 48 thi chinh thite va céc dé thi 48 nghj khdi 10, 11; Phan IT la dap an dé thi chinh thite va cdc dé thi dé > nghi Kh6i 10, 11. Trong moi phan déu cé dap 4n, thang diém hodc huéng dan tra 16i chi tiét. Ching t6i xin tran trong gidi thigu b6 sach: TUYEN TAP DE THI OLYMPIC 30/4, LAN THU XIX — 2013 véi Quy déc gia. Hi vong rang day 1a nhiing tap tu ligu c6 gid tri gitp cho Quy thay c6 va cdc em hge sinh trong cOng tac bi dudng hoc sinh gidi va trong viéc ty hoc tap, tu rén luyén. Chic Quy thay cé va cdc em hoc sinh dat nhiéu thanh céng. Ban t6 chiecDE THI OLYMPIC TRUYEN THONG 30/4 LAN XIX — NAM 2013 A. LEP 10 TT Cau 1. Giai phwong trinh: (x + 8)¥-x? - 8x +48 = x—24. Cau 2. Cho hinh lye giéc ABCDEF théa man cée diéu kign sau: Tam gide ABF vudng can tai A, BCEF 1d hinh binh hanh, BC = 19, AD = 2013 va DC + DE = 1994¥/2.. Tinh dign tich Ine gif ABCDEF. Cau 3. Cho x, y la cdc sé thure thay déi thoa man: 2x(1 — x)= y(y - 1). Tim gia tri lon nhat cia biéu thite P = x —y + 3xy. Cau 4, Tim cde s6 nguyén dutong x, y sao cho p= x" + y” la s6 nguyén td va x’ + y°— 4 chia hét cho p. Cau 5. Trong mat phang toa dé Oxy, cho 19 diém cé céc toa dé la nhing s6 nguyén, trong d6 khéng ¢6 ba diém nao thing hing. Chimg minh rang e6 it nhét 3 diém trong 19 diém da cho 14 3 dinh ciia mt tam gidc cé trong tm 1a diém 6 toa d6 la sé nguyén. Cau 6. Cho ham sé f} Z—> Z (Z la tap hop cdc sé nguyén) thoa man cae diéu kign sau: f(1) = 1; f(a +3) < f(n) +3 va f(n + 2012) > f(n) + 2012 voi moine Z. Tinh (2013). Ee eT) TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LE HONG PHONG TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. x 424(%-y-Dixt 42-y+y=0 Gidi hé phuong trinh : Ox + xy +24(x+2yy? +4x4+4 =0 (2)Cau 2, Cho hinh lye gide ABCDEF théa man céc digu kign sau: Tam giéc ABF vuéng can tai A, BCEF la hinh binh hanh, BC = 19, AD = 2013 va DC + DE = 1994/2. Tinh din tich lye gic ABCDEF. Cau 3. Tim hang s6 thyc k duong Ién'nhat sao cho bat ding thire |kxy + yz| < dang v6i moi x, y,zthoa man x? +y? +z? =1. Cau 4. x? +6y" Tim x; y; 2 t nguyén théa man hé: | en 6x7 +y’ Cau 5. Ta xép 2013 sé nguyén duong trén mt dudng tron. phép bién déi ta cong 1 vao sé dimg ké nhau. Chimg minh ring sau mét s phép bién déi ta thu duge 2013 s6 bang nhau. Néu thay phép bién ddi bang céch cng I vo 30 s6 ké nhau thi két qua trén con ding khong? Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f} N*—> N* tha cdc didu kién f(n + 1)> f(), Vine N* va f(flf(n))) =n + 2013, Vine N* TRUONG THPT MAC DINH CHI - TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: 2x +(x+1)Vx? +2x +3 +(x+2) vx? +4x+6+3=0. Cau 2. ; Cho tam gide ABC khéng cé géc ti. Goi I 1a trung diém cia doan BC va P,P, P, Lin lugt LA chu vi cia cde tam giée ABC, ABI, ACI. Ching minh ring P? =P? +P? khi va chi khi tam giéc ABC vung can tai A. Cau 3. 1 1 + Cho cée $6 thyre a, b, c,d. thod main: —; zt l+a" 1+b" l+e Chimg minh rang: abed > 3 _ Cau 4, Mét nhém gdm 7 em choi ban bi cé téng sé bi bang 100, ngoai ra tat cd 7 em déu c6 sé bi khéc nhau. Chimg minh rang c6 3 em trong sd 7 em dé c6 tong s6 bi it nhat 14 $0 vién Cau 5. _ Cho A ={1;2;3;4;5} va B 1a tap hop tat ca cdc sé ty nhién c6 5 chit s6 khac nhau lly tir tap A. Chimg minh ring trong tap B c6 it nhat 7 phan tir khéc nhau c6 cing s6 du Khi chia cho 120. 6Cau 6. Tim tat cd ham sé f:@—> Q théa man cae didu kign sau: i) F(I)=2; ii) F(xy)=f (x)f(y)-f(x+y)+1, Vx, yeQ. TRUONG THPT NGUYEN THUONG HIEN TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. Axy + 4(x? + y)+ (x+y) Giai hé phuong trinh: Qx+ =$ x+y Cau 2. Cho dung tron c6 dinh (O; R) va mét diém cd dinh A. I la mot diém di dong trén (O; R). Goi B va C li hai giao diém cia (O; R) va dudng tron tam I ban kinh 1A. Ching minh ring BC tiép xtc véi m6t durdng tron c6 dinh. Cau 3. Cho a, b,c > 0 tha man a+ b+e=3. atl b+l c+l tae b?+1 co? +1 atl Ching minh rang: Cau 4: 2 2 “Tim tdt cd cdc s8 nguyén duong a,b sao cho 2+. ya P+ iu ta céc 56 nguyen. b?-a® a? -b? Cau 5: Cho tap A = {1;2;3;...:99;100} duge chia thanh 7 tap hgp con. Ching minh rang it nhat tir mét trong cde tap con dy lun tim duge 4 sb a, b, c, d sao cho a+b=c+d ho§e 3 56k, m,n sao cho k+m-=2n. Cau 6: £(0)=f(1)=1 Trén tap sé tu nhién, cho ham s6 f(x) thoa man £2(x)+1 f(x+1)= ie = Chimg minh ring tap gid tri cia ham sé chi chira cdc phan tir la sé nguyén ty nhién, Wx 21TRUONG THPT TRAN DAI NGHIA TP. HO CHi MINH 7 fe 2 ciate | Seca ae ae Yo “V3 x+y 2xy-3)*2* J=5 ad [=| (V6i [x] 1 s6 nguyén Ién nhat khéng vuot qué x). Cau 2. Cho tam giéc ABC. Chimg minh rang Giai hé phuong trinh: -C : +cos ,A-B. B cos’ + cos’ 224 Sinn 2 Cfu 3. Cho ba s6 khong am x, y, z thoi man: x+y +2=3. Chimg minh ring: a(Vx+ Vy+vz)+12 >3(x+ yy +2)(2+x) Cau 4, Cho p la s6 nguyén t6 khée 2 va a, b la hai s6 tw nhién 18 sao cho a + b chia hét cho p va a—b chia hét cho p~ 1. Chtmg minh ring: a°+ b* chia hét cho 2p. Cau 5. Ding 3 hinh tron dudng kinh 1om c6 thé phi kin hinh vudng c6 canh bang lem duge khong? Cau 6. Tim tit c& cde him f: Q—> Q thoa: F(F(x+y)+f(x-y))=2« Vxy € TRUONG THPT HOANG HOA THAM oe E TP. HO CHI MINH Cau 1. 6x(y? +27) =I3yz Giai hé phuong trinh: by(2 +x?) =5ex 62(x? +y?) =Sxy Cau 2. Cho dung tron tim | nGi tigp trong tam gide ABC.Ching minh ring abe >3V31A.IB.IC, véi a,b,c 1a 46 ctia tam giac ABC. Dau bang xay ra khi nao? Cau 3. Cho cdc sé thy duong a,b,c thoa man a+b+c cac canh BC, AC, AB Tim gia tri nhé nhat cia biéu thie: Cau 4, Cho p la sé nguyén t6 khac 2 va a, b la hai s6 ty nhién 1é sao cho a + b chia hét cho p va a—b chia hét cho p — 1. Chimg minh ring: a” +b* chia hét cho 2p. Cau 5. Cho tap hop X gdm 10 s6 ty nhién c6 hai chit s6. Ching minh ring tap hop X c6 it nhat hai tap hop con khéng giao nhau, ma téng nhiing phan tir trong ching bang nhau. Cau 6. Cho f 14 ham sé c6 gid tri nguyén, xdc dinh trén tp hgp tit ca cde sé nguyén sao cho véi moi sé nguyén x ta cd F(x+3)< f(x) +3 va f(x +2012) F(x) +2012. Hay tinh gia tri (2013) theo gid tri f(1). TRUONG THPT HUNG VUONG - TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. Tim nghiém nguyén cia phuong trinh sau: Xp +X} +...4+ Xf, = 1598, voi x1, x2, x3... € Z Cau 2. Giai phuong trinh: (x + 3)(= x? 8x4 48 =x-24. Cau 3. Giai hé phuong tah { y'=20)2x' + 2x-y) yy =x ~2)=3—3x Cau 4, Cho a, b, ¢ > 0 va abe = 3. 1 I 1 “Seb +3 Press ate ss Cau 5. Cho hinh chit nhat ABCD, AB = a, AD = b. Chon M, N lin lugt trén dogn BC va DN sao cho MAN-= 45°, Djt BM = x va DN =, $ la dign tich hinh char nhat ABCD. Ching minh rang: S = bx + ay + xy.TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LUONG THE VINH DONG NAI 3x +y +2x+7y =10 qa) Giai hg phuong trinh: 47 1 1 ; =2 (2) (Ole zs] Céu 2. Cho tam gic ABC va cdc diém D; E; F lin lugt nam trén cde canh BC, CA, AB sao cho AD, BE, CF déng quy tai mét diém. Cho M,N, P li céc diém lan ugt nim trén cdc FE; FD; DE. Ching minh ring AM, BN, CP déng quy khi va chi khi DM; EN; FP déng quy. Cau 3. Cho cae sé thytc duong a,b,c thod man ab + be + ca = 1. Chiing minh rang: 8abe (a+ b)(b +e +a) Cau 1. a+b? +e? + Cau 4, V6i mdi sé nguyén n > 2; tadat: A, = 2" 42" 41, Chimg minh rang: A, luén la hgp s6 va cé it nhat n uéc s6 nguyén td phan biét. Caiu 5. Gia sir tir tap hop X = {1; 2; trong cdc s6 da chon c6 hai sé a, b ma 671 4x2+241+Qx-yy (2)Cau 2. Cho tam giée ABC nhon (AB # AC) cé tryc tam H. Duong thing qua H va vudng géc voi duéng phan gidc trong cla géc BAC cit céc canh AB va AC tuong tng tai D va E. Ching minh ring dudng thing néi tam cdc dudng tron ngogi tiép hai tam giéc ABC va ADE di qua trung diém ciia doan thing AH. Cau 3. Cho a,b,c 1a céc 86 thye khdng am théa man a+b+e=~5. Ching minh ring: |e =b?)(b? ee? -a’) <5. Ding thite xay ra khi nao? Cau 4. Cho n 1a sé nguyén duong Ié va u la mot uée nguyén duong Ié cia 3° + 1. Ching minh u —1 chia hét cho 3. Cau 5. Xét da gide déu AyAp...Ag tm O. Ching ta t6 mau cdc mién tam gidc OAAin1 (1 Z sao cho: f(n +2012) +2013 =f(n+f(m))—m;Va,meZ. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LE QUY DON - BINH DINH Cau 1. Vx+2y +2x-y+xy=Vx+ By +y’x (I) 20 yx? + 2y—T=y?-2x-1 Q Cau 2. Cho tam gide ABC c6 I la tm duéng tron ngi tiép. Chimg minh ring: a) IA? =be-4rR. Giai hé phuong trinh: | b) abe(a+b+e)< axl + ening +(¢ asin (a4 bing] + saun{ a? +b? +0? = 2absin$ —2easin avis) Trong dé cdc ki higu trén throng dugc sir dung trong tam giée ABC. antCau 3. Cho a, b, c 1A ba sé durong thoa man a+b+c =. Tim gid tri nho nhat cia biéu thire P=a? +b? +0? +abe. Cau 4. Tim tit ca cc s6 nguyén duong n c6 ding 24 ude sé nguyén duong dj, do,..., dy, thoa man cde diéu kign: 1 dy N thoa man diéu kign £(m + £(n))=f(m +n)+2n +2 (1), voi moi sé tr nhién m, n. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LE QUY DON NINH THUAN Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: (4x -1)¥x? +1 = 2x? + 2x41 (*) Cau 2. Trong mat phing, cho hai dudng trn (O;R) va (O°;R’) (voi R > R’) trong véi nhau. Tir ba dinh cia tam giéc déu ndi tiép dudng tron (O), vé ba tiép tuyén dén dudng tron (0°). Chimg minh ring 49 dai tiép tuyén lon nhat bang téng d6 dai hai tiép tuyén con lai. Cau 3. Cho ba sé thue a,b,c thoa min 0 Q* théoa man: f(xy) f(x +y) f(x) +£(y) + 2xy-f(x9) = “ TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LONG AN Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: (2013+ RIV) Cau 2. Cho tam giée nhon ABC cé H [a tryc tim va M IA trung diém cia BC. Duéng thing qua H va vuéng géc HM lin luot lin lugt elt AB, AC tai E, F . Ching minh tam gidc MEF can. Cau 3. Cho a,b,c 20 va a+b+ce=2013. Tim gid tri lén nhat ciia P=(a+2b+3c)(3a+b+e). Cau 4. Cho cac sé 1,2,3,.....99,100. Xép tay y tat cd 100 s6 dé ndi tiép nhau thanh day ta duge sé P. Ching minh sé P khéng chia hét cho 2013. Cau 5. Cho san nha kich thuéc 2013 x 2013. Hdi sin nha nay cé lat duge bang cae vién gach c6 kich thuée 4 x 4 va 5 x 5 khong? (Cac kich thudéc cing don vj do) Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham f :N*-> N* sao cho f(1) = 2013 va théa man: £(m +n) =f(m)+f(n)+2013mn, véi moi mneN*. 13TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LUONG VAN CHANH PHU YEN Cau 1. 2y? -(x+4)y? +8y +x? —4x=0 POX rays 24x —DF 8-3, Giai hé phuong trinh: Cau 2. Cho tam giée ABC khéng cén, ndi tiép (O) va ngoai tiép (1). Céc durong thing qua I vudng géc vi AI, BI, Cl cat BC, CA, AB theo thir ty tai M, N, P. Ching minh ring M, N, P cing nam trén mot dudng thing vudng géc voi OI. Cau 3. Tim gid tri ln nhdt cia biéu thie S= d6 a, b,c 1a ba sé thyre khde 0 vi e> b. Cau 4. Chimg minh rang véi moi sé nguyén duong n, 2" +1 khéng chia hét cho n. Cau 5. Cé bao nhiéu tam thie bie hai f(x) =x nghiém phan biét, trong 46 cé mét nghi (0;2013)? Cau 6. Tim tit ca cdc ham f : NN théa man didu kin: f(m+f(n)) = f(m)+n,VmneN. ? _mx—n (voi xeR, m,neZ*) c6 hai &m va nghiém cén Iai thude khoang TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LY TU TRONG - CAN THO Cau il. 202+ Hy =2013 0) x Giai hé phuong trinh: 420.4 + 1 1z = 2013 (2) y 20% +11x = 2013 (3) z Cau 2. Trén cung AB cia dudng tron ngoai tiép hinh chi nhgt ACT, lay mot diém M khéc A va B. Goi P,Q,R,S lin luot la hinh chiéu ciia M lén cdc dung thang AD, AB,BC,CD. 14a) Chimg minh PQ vudng géc voi RS. b) Goi I la giao diém cia PQ va RS. Chimg minh I thudge mét duéng chéo cla hinh chit nhat ABCD . Cau 3. Ching minh: 14,241, [B41 [Att stylet <2014, 2 3 4 2013 Cau 4. Cho x,y€R, ching minh ring: [3x]+[3y] > 2[x + y]+[x]+[y]. Bn)! < ; Tir dé hay suy ra: myn) la sé nguyén voi moi m,n eN’. m+n)! mint Cau 5. Xét da gide déu n dinh (n > 8). Biét rling c6 25 tir gidc c6 4 canh [a cdc duéng chéo cita da gidc, Hay tim n. Cau 6. _ Téntai hay khong ham sé f:Q— Q théa man diéu kién f(x 1 FON =FOX)-y, VxyeQ? TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN DiNH CHIEU DONG THAP Cau 1. 2esinn(x+y) _ 9 Giai hé phurong trinh: x7 (2x? 42y? +) +y?Q2y? +x? +D=1 Cau 2. Cho ttr giée ABCD vita ndi tiép dung tron (C) vira ngoai tiép dudng tron (C’). Goi S va p Hin lugt [a dign tich va nita chu vi oiia tir gid d6. Chimg minh S< 7 . Cau 3. Cho x,y,z >0. Tim gid tri nho nhit cia bigu thite: 2 2 2 po——*_ (3x +4y\(4x+3y) Gy+4z\4y+3z) G24 4x)(4z+3x)Cau 4. Cé bao nhiéu c&p sé nguyén duong a,b sao cho a 0° thoa manf(f(m)+f(n))=m+n VmneZ. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN PHAN NGOC HIEN CA MAU Cau l. x? +3x7y ew Giai hé phuong trinh: x Cau 2. Cho tam giée déu ABC. Goi | 1a diém déi xing voi C qua AB, vé dudng tron tam I di qua A va B. M la mt diém bat ki thuge dung tron (1) (M khée A va B). Chimg minh ring MA, MB, MC [a ba canh ciia mt tam gidc vudng. Cau 3. Cho ba sé thyre duong a,b,c thoa man (a? +1)(b? + 1)(c? +1) =8. Chémg minh rang: abe + be +ca +ab<4. Cau 4. Tim tat ca cae 6 nguyén n>1 sao cho bat ki ude nguyén t6 ndo cia n° -1 cing la wée ctia (n° ~1)(n? -1). Cau 5. Trén mat phang cho n dudng thing. Biét ring khéng cé hai duong thing nao song song va khéng cé ba dudng thing ndo déng quy. Hay tinh s6 céc mién duge tgo thanh va sé cée da gic Idi trong mién nay. Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham f don anh, xdc dinh va lay gid tri ee tap hop céc sé nguyén duong va théa man déng thoi hai diéu kién sau: i) f(f(m) + F(n)) = F(F(m)) + f(n), Vm,n EN"; ii) (1) = 2, 2) = 16TRUONG THPT CHUYEN TRAN HUNG DAO BINH THUAN Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: x* — 4./3x? +16x? ~8(V3-1)x-8V3 = 0. Cau 2. Chimg minh ring voi moi sé nguyén duong n, t5n tai n s6 nguyén duong tien tiép sao cho bat ki s6 nao trong chiing cing chia hét cho n s6 nguyén to lién tigp. Cau 3. Chi ding thuée thing va compa, hay néu cdch dyng tam gide 06 dé dai cde during cao la 2, 3, 6. Cau 4. F wos clatb Cho eée s6 thyte durong a, b,c. Ching minh ring: 24+2.4£p 2+, bre, bc a bre a+b +e Cau 5. Lay 13 diém phan biét bat ki trong tam giéc du ABC o6 canh bing 1. Chimg minh BF Fl : ‘ 3 rang t6n tai it nhat 2 diém trong s6 dé ma khoang céch gitta ching nhé hon oa Cau 6. Cho cae sé thy a, b, c,d théa man’ 2a+3b-6=0; 4c+6d—25=0. Tim gia tri nhé nhat ciia biéu thire: S = Va’ +b? — 6a -10b + 34 + Va? +b? +c? +d? — 2ac - 2bd + +e? +d? - 8¢ -2d +17. TRUONG THPT HUYNH THUC KHANG QUANG NAM Cau 1. (x-y)(x+y+y?)=x(y-+) 2 Vx) +4x =1 042) Giai hé phurong trinh: Cau 2. Cho da giéc déu n canh A,A...A, lot nam trén cée canh A\A,;A;B,;.A,,A,3A,A, sao cho A,B, = A,B, =...=A,_,B,_, =A,B, - Xée dinh vj tri cla cée diém B,;B);..;B, nhé nhat. » (n>3). Lay cdc diém B,;B,;.;B,_,;B, ln :B, dé chu vi da gide B,B..... Cau 3. Cho cae s6 durong a;b;c;d thoa man abed = 1. Chimg minh ring: ss eee aé+bitch+1 bi +ct+d'+1 ch+d'+a'+1 dé +a +bi+1 Cau 4. 3 Cho x,y €Z.x #—Ly #—1 sao cho ytl 2016 +1 Ching minh ring: eZ. Cau 5. ‘Trong mat phang, cho 2013 diém sao cho trong méi nhém gdm 3 diém bat ki trong 2013 diém dé bao git cfing o6 thé chon durge 2.diém 6 khong céch nhé hon 1. Ching minh ring trong 2013 diém dé, 06 it nhat 1007 diém nim trong mét duéng tron c6 ban kinh bang 1. Cau 6. Tim ham sé f:R— R sao cho: f(I)=2 {e —y)F(x+y)— (+ y)f(x-y) = 4ay(x? -y")Vxy eR TRUONG THPT PLEIKU - GIA LAI Cau i. Cho tam giée ABC. Goi D li diém thuge BC. Trén cdc canh AB va AC lay céc diém P va Q tuong img. Cac dudng thing qua P va Q song song véi AD theo thir tu ct céc canh BC tai N va M. Chimg minh ring dt(MNPQ)< max{dt(ABD),dt(ACD)} . Dang thre xay ra khi nao? 6 dé dt (MNPQ) la dign tich tir giée MNPQ... Cau 2. Gid sir, b,c 1d ba s6 dong théa man digu kign abe = 1. Ching minh ring 2 2 2 3 Bibe9 Dlera) Orb) Cau 3. Cho f(x)=x* +ax? + bx? +x +d. Véia, b,c, d la nhiing hang s6. Gia sir f(1) = 10, (2) = 20, £(3) = 30. Hay tinh, HAC) 5, 18Cau 4, Cho tit gic 161 ABCD, trén cdc doan thing AB, BC,CD, DA lin lugt ldy cde diém M, N, P, Q.sao cho AQ = DP = CN = BM. Chimng minh ring MNPQ la hinh vuéng thi ABCD Ia hinh vung. Cau 5. Giai va bign luan phurong trinh: Vk-3-2Vk=4 + x—4Jn—4 =a(x>4) (1) Cau 6. - Gidi phuong trinh sau: (42°) _[1 =l, v6i0 y(y - 1). Tim gid tr] I6n nhat cia biéu thite P = x—y + 3xy. Cau 4. Ti im sé nguyén duong n nhé nhat sao cho n? + n+ 1 phn tich duge thanh uch cia 4 sé nguyén t6. Cau 5. Trong mat | phaing moi diém duge t6 bing mét trong hai mau xanh hode 6. Ching minh rang tdn tai mét tam giéc ma ba dinh va trong tim ctia né duge t6 cling mau. Cfu 6. Hay tim tat cd cdc ham f:R > R théa man hé thite: xf(y)-yf(x) =F) vx #0,vy eR (1) x 19TRUONG THPT KRONG NO - DAK NONG Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: x + 1 (xeR). V1+x Cau 2. Trong, mat phiing Oxy, cho tam gid ABC 06 A(2; 2), BC-3; ~7), C(4; =1) va dudng thing A: x-+2y + 10= 0. Tim toa do diém M thuge dudng A sao cho: [MA +MB+ mq dat gia tri nhé nhét. Cau 3. Cho ba sé thyre duong a, b, c. Chtmg minh bat dang thite: a be? Latbic — + >———.. bre cta a+b 2 Cau 4, Cho tam giée ABC khéng cn c6 BC =a, CA = b, AB =c va théa: a’ + b° = 3ab”, Dudng phan gic trong clia goc C ct AB tai D sao cho CD + DA = a. Ching minh: a> Al (véi I la trung diém cia BC). Cau 5. ayy? by? 41a 2x +2 Giai hé phuong trinh: { y * (yer). (2x-y)y=1+2y TRUONG THPT CHUYEN VI THANH - HAU GIANG Cau 1. iy (1) Viva- a 4y2 (2) Giai hé phuong trinh Cau 2. Cho tam giée ABC ¢6 BC=a,AB=c, AC=; R,r lan lugt la tam dung tron gi tiép va ngoai tiép tam giée ABC. Chitng minh ring: (a~b)’ +(b~c) +(e—a)’ <8R(R-2r). Cau 3. Cho cac sé thyre duong a,b,c théa man dang thite 3(ab + be + ca) =4+3(a+b +c). 20theta} ‘apa ‘Tim gié tr nhé nhdt cia bigu thie P= 2 tO te ee ; 2 9 Cau 4. Cho hai s6 nguyén duong @,) sao cho (a,b) = 1. Goi p 1a mot ude nguyén t5 Wctia a” +b” (k la sé nguyén dutong). Chimg minh ring p = 1 (mod2**) Cau 5. _Trong hinh vudng canh 8 lay 100 diém bat ki. Ching minh ring cé it nhdt 4 diém nim trong hinh trdn cé ban kinh bing 1. Cau 6. Cho f:N-—N théa man cae diéu kién sau: i) f(m? +n?) = f?(n) v6i moi mn N: ii) 1)>0 Tinh £(6). TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN THI MINH KHAI SOC TRANG Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh Jx—2 + V4—x +-J2x—5 = 2x? —5x. Cau 2. Gia str M la m6t diém trén niva duong tron (O) dudng kinh AB, H la diém thuée AB, trén dudng thing MB ldy cdc diém P, Q sao cho HM Ia phan gidc trong cia PHQ va PM.QB = MQ PB. Dung tron (0°) dung kinh MH cét MA, MB va (0) an lugt tai E, F va C (C # M). Chimg minh AB, EF, CM dang quy. Cau 3. Cho a, b, > 0. Chimg minh ring: 1 1 1 Ga+aby b+aey le +4ay 1 1 1 1 a a Sla+3b+e b+3c+a ct+3at+b Cau 4. Tim cdc sé nguyén duong x, y sao cho p = x” + y* la sé nguyén t6 va x? + y°—4 chia hét cho p. 21Cau 5. Trong mat phing cho 50 diém phan biét, trong 46 khéng c6 ba diém nao thing hang, mi diém duge t6 bi mot trong ba mau: tim, ving, xanh. MGi doan thing néi hai diém bat ki trong 50 diém trén duge t6 béi mét trong ba mau: do, tring, den. Chimg minh ring ludn cé ba diém trong 50 diém trén duge t6 cling mau va ba doan thing néi chang duge t6 cing mau. Cau 6. Tim tat ca cac ham sé f:N*—> N* thod diéu kign: SM) +2fQ)+.. npn) Snsl-= bron “5m, vn >Nt TRUONG THPT CHUYEN THANG LONG DALAT Cau 1. 1+ x)(1+2°)d +x") =14 y” Giai hé phuong trin! { tate +x )=l+y (+y)d+ y+ y4)=14+x" Cau 2. Cho tam giéc ABC ndi tiép trong dudng tron (C) 6 tam O. Goi I 1a tam dudng tron nGi tiép tam gid ABC. Buéng thang AI cét canh BC cia tam giéc ABC tai L va clit dudmg trung true tia canh BC tai Q. Chimg minh ring: ALLQ =1L.1Q. Cau 3. Cho ba sé duong x, y, z thoa man didu kign x‘ + y! +z! 3 3 3 ‘Tim gid tri nho nhat cia: S “3 yy =x 1-y*® 1-2! z Cau 4, Cho 2013 s6 nguyén x1; X95 ...5. X2013 40 cho x, + X2+ ... + Xp013 = 0. Chimg minh rang S = 2” +243" +337 +...+239)3 chia hét cho 399. Cau 5. Ching minh ring trong 70 s6 nguyén duong phan biét a), a2,..., a7o thoa man didu kign a; < 200 véi i = 1, 2, ..., 70, ludn 6 hai s6 ma higu cua hai s6 d6 bing 4 hole 5 hode 9. Cau 6. Ki higu N* [a tip cdc sé nguyén duong, Tim tat cd ham sé f: N* > N* théa man: f(A(E(n))) + f(f(n)) + f(n) = 3n, Vn € N* 22TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN BiNH KHIEM VINH LONG Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: (x~1)' (I+ 2x-+3x? +...+2013x") = 1. Cau 2. Cho dudng tron tam O, ban kinh 1. Ké hai dudng kinh vuéng géc AB va CD. Mét digm M trén cung nhé BD, khong tring voi B hote D; MA cat CD & E, MC cit AB & F . Ching minh ring OM di qua trung diém ca EF khi va chi khi doan EF 6 d6 dai ngan nhat. Cau 3. 2x3 7x? +8x-2=y Giai hé phuong trinh nghigm nguyén: }2y’ —7y? +8y—2=2 22-72? +82— Cau 4, Cho x,y,z > 0 va théa man diéu kign x+y +2 =1. Ching minh ring x(y+z z+x Z(x+ (yt2) , peta) | 2+), coe, 4-9yz 4-9zx 4—9xy Cau 5. Ki higu Q* la tap hop tt cd cdc sé hitu ti duong. Hay tim tat ca cde ham s6 f:Q* + Q* thoa min ding thoi cdc diéu kién sau: a) f(x+1)= f(x)+1, voi moi x€Q*; b) f(2)=F (2), voi moi xe Q". Cau 6. Mét ban cd 8x8 duge t6 béi k mau sao cho néu mdi 6 vudng duge t6 bsi mot mau nao dé thi trong cdc 6 ké véi né (chung canh) cé it nhat hai 6 nita cing mau v6i nd. Tim gia tri Gn nhat cia k. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN BAO LOC - LAM DONG Cau 1. Giai cdc phuong trinh sau: aVxi+7x? +11x4+54x°—-x-3= 5x47 byx=V3—xV4—x+V4—x.V5—x + V5—x.V3—x 23Cau 2. Cho tam gic ABC vuéng tai A. Goi | la tiép diém ciia dung tron n6i tiép tam gid ABC voi canh huyén BC. Chimg minh ring dign tich tam gic ABC bing IB.IC. Cau 3. Cho a, b, ¢ [a ba s6 thye duong théa man abe = 1. Ching minh rang: a r—s—C_ ac(a +c) be(b+c) ab(a+b) ~ 2° Cau 4, Tim tat ca cdc sé nguyén t6 p sao cho hé phuong trinh: ptT=2x (I), ne _ cé nghiém x, y nguyén duong. pe+7=2y (2) Cau 5. Cho mét hinh vuéng va 13 dudng thang, mdi dudng thing déu chia hinh vuéng thanh hai tir giae c6 ti s6 din tich 1a 2 : 3. Ching minh ring trong sé 13 duéng thang d6, cé ft nhdt 4 dung thing cing di qua mét diém. Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc him f : N° > N° biét ring ton tain, € N° sao cho f(m)=1 va f(n+ f(m)= f(n), YneN'(1) TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN DU - DAK LAK Cau 1. Giai hé phuong trinh: 3 xy+3x+2y+6+2(x+2) Jy +2 -yxy+2x+y+2=1 V2x-1+4ify-3x+2+2x*y—7x? +7x? -6x =0 Cfu 2. Cho tam gidc ABC cé ba géc nhon théa man hé thite: (tanA -1)(tanB -1)(tanC-1) = 63 10. Chimg minh ring tam giée ABC déu. Cau 3. Tim gia tri 16n nhat va gid trj nho nhat ctia ham sé f(x) = 16x* -20x? + 5x, trén doan [~2; 2]. 24Cau 4, Xac dinh tat ca bé ba sé nguyén durong (a, b,c ) sao cho a? +1,b? +1 lacde sé nguyén t6 va (a? +1)(b? +I)=c? 41, Cau 5. Cho n fa sé nguyén duong tay y. Ta t6 mau tit cd cde diém (x; y) trong hé toa 6 Oxy béi mét trong hai mau xanh hode dé, trong dé x, y la cdc s6 tyr nhién thoa man x + y ) va dudng thing AB bing 2. Cau 3, Cho x, y,2>0 théa xy +yz+2x= 1, Chitng minh Pape 14x 4 Cau 4, Tinh téng tat ca cdc sé 06 dang tone d6 @ va b la cde ude nguyén duong cia 21168. 25Cau 5. C6 2013 chide tach udng tra dat trén ban, Lic dau tat ea cae tach ddu duge dat ngita, Mai buée di, ta lam cho ding 100 téch trong s6 ching lat nguge Iai. Sau mot 86 bude di, 06 thé lam tat ea ching d&u tip xudng duge khong? Tra Idi cau hoi nay trong trudng hyp chi c6 2012 tach. Cau 6. Tim tit a cae ham sé f :N* > N* sao cho f(m + f(n)) =n + £(m + 2013),Vm,n eN*. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN HUNG VUONG - GIA LAI Cau 1. Cau 2. Cho hinh chit nhat ABCD cé6 BC =1 va AB=3. Trén canh AB lay diém N sao cho’ 0,2 < AN <1. Duong trung try cia DN fan lugt clit AD tai E va cét DC tai F. Tim gid tri nh nhat cia dign tich tam giée EFD. Cau 3. Voi m,n lice s6 nguyén duong sao cho tng cia m s6 duong chiin khac nhau va ns6 durong |é khéc nhau bing 2369, Tim gia tri lon nhdt ciia P= 3m + 2n. Cau 4. Chimng minh ring néu n 1a sé nguyén trong khoang (0;2011!) théa diéu kign n°! +1 chia hét cho 20111! thin =2011!—-1.. Cau 5. Cho A= {15 25 35 45 55 65 75 8; 95 10}. Mot tap X CA duge goi la tap dep néu voi moi x,y © X tadéu cd x+y #1. a) M6t tap dep cé nhiéu nhat 1a bao nhigu phan ti? b) Tinh sé Iugng tap dep. Cau 6. Gia sir ham sé €:N*—> N* théa man digu kign: £(mf(n)) =n?.£(m), Vm,neN*. Chitng minh ring véi moi sé nguyén 16 p thi f(p) 1a mot sé nguyén t6 hoac 1a binh phuong cia mét sé nguyén t6. 26SO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TINH BAC LIEU Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: x° + 5x? +6x =(x +2)(V2x +2 +¥5—x). Cau 2. Cho tam giéc ABC c6 AB=c; BC=a; CA =b vaG Ia trong tam. — s be+e? Biét gc BGC = 120°. Ching minh ring 2 +2 > 2. Dau dang thite xay ra khi nao? Cau 3. Cho cée sé thy x, y tha man x?42y?=3. Tim gid tri nhé nhét, gié tr lon nhét cita biéu thite P=~— | x +1 Cau 4, Dat A, =2012" +1 voi neZ* a) Ching minh rang c6 v6 s6 cdc sé nguyén duong k théa man Ack. b) Tim tat ca sé nguyén t6 p théa man A,'p. Cau 5. Cho tép hop A chita 1008 sé nguyén déi mt khée nhav. Chimg minh ring trong tap A tan tai hai phan tir ma c6 téng hoac higu chia hét cho 2013. Cau 6. Cho ham sé f:Z* — Z* théa man (m? +n)?(f(m)? + f(n)), Vm,n eZ" Tinh £(4) TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LE QUY DON - DA NANG Cau 1. Giai hé phuong trinh foxt-y?+3Pe By s1-Yyvt=3y (0) |x’ +x°y? + xy! ~yx!—x?y? —y* +2013(x—y)=0 (2) Cau 2. Trong mat phiing, cho ba durdmg trdn (C,), ( C3), (Cs) 461 mot tigp xtic ngoai voi nhau. Goi P; la tiép diém cita (C,), ( Cs) va P. la tigp diém cia (C2), (Cs). Goi A, B la hai diém trén (C3) (A, B khac P), P ) sao cho AB la dung kinh cia duréng tron (C3). Biét ring AP, a(C,)=X, BP, 0(C,)= Y, AP, MBP, = Ching minh ring ba diém X, Y, Z thing hang. 27Cau 3. ‘Tim gid tri nho nhdt cia hing sé k sao cho bat ding thie sau day ding vi moi sé thy a, b, c khong am: k(a+b+0)' > (a°b + bic +c%a) + (a°b? + b’c? +07a”) + abola +b +c). Cau 4. Cho (u,),(v,) l& hai day s6 xéc dinh nhur sau: u, =1sy, =2 va Uy.) =22v,—15u, voi moi n>1 Yau = \7v,, a 12u,, a) Ching minh u,,v, khac khéng voi moi n>. b) Khi n=1999', xét xem u,v, 06 chia hét cho 7 hay khéng? Cau 5. Cé n (n> 1) thi sinh ngdi xung quanh ban tron. Héi c6 bao nhiéu céch phat ae sao cho hai thi sinh ngdi canh nhau ludn c6 dé khdc nhau, biét ring trong ngén hang dé c6 ding m(m>1) dé va méi dé c6 nhigu ban? Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f :N > N théa man déng théi cac diéu kién sau: a) f(f(n)) =n +4, vn e Ns b) £(2013) = 2016. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN HUNG VUONG BINH DUONG Cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: 8x? —13x +7 = ( a 3x? - 2. x Cau 2. Cho tam giée ABC, diém O nim trong tam gidc. Dudng thing di qua O song song véi BC cét AB, AC lin luot tai C,,B,. Budng thang di qua O song song véi CA ct BC, BA lan lugt tai A,,C,. Dudng thing di qua O song song véi AB cit CA, CB lan lugt tai B,,A,. Vé cée hinh binh hinh OA,A;A,, OB,B;B,, OC,C,C, . Chg minh ba dung thing AAs, BBs, CC; ding quy. Cau 3. Cho ba sé duong a, b,c théa min at+b+ab>c? +20. Ching minh rang: a° +b? > 2c’. 28Cau 4, Cho n la s6 nguyén duong va ky higu U(n) ={d,,d,,...,d,,} 1 tap hgp tat cd cde udc s6 nguyén duong ctia n. Ching minh rang d? +d} +...+d2, R théa man diéu kién e(x+y) =e(x)+8(y) + 4026xy, Vx,y 3 3 ani “we RB Chimg minh ring —— Cau 3. Cho x, y, z la cdc sé thyc duong théa man: fetry sly ee VP oe = 2013. f Tim gid tr nho nhat cia biéu thie H = x+y y+ Cau 4. Cho m va a la hai s6 tw nhién nguyén té cing nhau. Chimg minh ring tén tai hai s6 nguyén duong x, y sao cho x,y < vm va a2x? — y® chia hét cho m. Cau 5. Cée bite tudng cia mét phong trién kim chin trén nén nha thanh mot da gide phang n canh. Hay chimg minh ring dé chiéu sang toan b6 céc gian cia phong trién r. lam ngudi ta chi can [3 reo den (ki higu [x] chi phan nguyén cia sé x). 29Cau 6. Tim tit ca cae ham s6 f : R, -> R, thoa man diéu kign: £(xy)f(yz)f lex) (x + y)f(y + 2)f(2 + x) = 2018 v6i moi x, y, z duong. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN BAC QUANG NAM QUANG NAM cau 1. Giai phuong trinh: (2V2x —1 - 4)x? + (7 - 42x — Dx + vax—1-3 =0. Cau 2. : Cho tit gide ABCD ngi tiép trong during tron. M la trung diém ca duimg chéo AC. Ching minh rang: AB.CD = AD.BC la digu kign can va di dé AC 1a dudng phan gife cua g6e BMD . Cau 3. Cho tam giée ABC c6 d6 dai céc canh la a, b, ¢ va dé dai cdc during phan gide trong tong ting la /a, /y /e. Goi S 1a dign tich tam giée ABC. Ching minh: a(J, + fe-/,) + (le + la~ Ih) + Ula + lye) 2 6S. Cau 4, Tim cde nghiém nguyén duong cia phuong trinh: ¥x+10V11 = Jy +z. Cau 5. Trong mat phing Oxy cho 19 diém c6.céc toa d6 li cae sé nguyén, trong 46 khong ¢6 ba diém nio thing hang. Chimg minh ring cé it nhét 3 diém trong 19 diém trén 1a 3 dinh cia mot tam gidc c6 trong tam cé cc toa dé 1a cdc sé nguyén. Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham f: @ >.Q sao cho voi V xy € Q ta cd: AIA) + y] =x + fy) C*) (Q: ki higu tap hop cdc sé hitu ti) TRUONG THPT CHUYEN BEN TRE - BEN TRE Cau. Giai hé phwong trinh: {es ~ 3x7 —x = 20— By8-y | yax+y +2 —J08x + By + =-8x? +14x4+8 30Cau 2. Cho tam giée ABC va P la mét diém bat ki nam trong tam gidc. Goi A’, B',C’ lan luot 1a hinh chiéu cia P xudng cdc canh BC, CA, AB. Goi I, r lan luot la tam va ban kinh dung tron ndi tiép tam giée ABC Hay tim gia tri nho nhat ctia biéu thire: PA’ + PB’ + PC’ + pa Cau 3. Cho tam gide ABC. Tim gia tri 16n nhdt cia: T cos cosB con’. Cau 4, Cho p la sé nguyén t6 p > 7. Chimg minh rang trong day cac sé 1, 11, 111, 1111, ... €6 v6 s6 sé hang chia hét cho p. Cau 5. Cho 183 tp hgp hitu han Aj, Ao, ...,Ais3 66 cae tinh chat: a)IA,1+1A, 141A, 1 +..41 Ajgy = 2013; b)IA, HA, IITA, MA, | voii,j=1,2,3,..., 183 vaizj. 189 UA i= Tinh ; trong d6 | X |: sé phan tir cia tap hitu han X. Cau 6. Tim tat ca cdc ham s6 f : Q* — R* théa man dng thdi hai diéu kién sau: 1) f+) =f) +4Vxe Q" 2) £(x5) = £5(x),x € Q TRUONG THPT CHUYEN HUYNH MAN DAT KIEN GIANG Cau 1. ee dxy | Giai hé phuong trinh: x+y 8x ¢y +4x=(3x+y-6) +4yx+y 31Cau 2. Tam giée ABC cé diém | la tim dudng tron ngi tiép, BC = a, AB = AC = b. M6t dudng thing di qua I c&t canh AB tai E, ct canh AC tai F. Suse 51,2. Duong thiing CE va BF ct nhau tai M. Ching minh a rd Céu 3. Cho a, b, ¢ la cdc s6 duong théa man digu kign a +b+¢ = abe. Ching minh; ——2— + _ ol a%(c+2b) b'(a+2c) °(b+2a) Cau 4. Cho p 1a sé nguyén t6. Chitng minh ring: 22...200...011...133...3 = 2013(mod p). nih ng = BOLE BaF Mme caus. Cho S = {1;25..32018}. Goi A la phan tir nao la uée eta nhau, Tim gid tr) lin nhat cia [A tap con cia $ sao cho A khéng chira 2 Cau 6. Cho ham sé f : N* > N* thoa man cdc diéu kién sau. © f(ab) = f(a).f(b); a,b € N*, (a,b) =1 © f(a +b) = f(a) + f(b), voi moi 36 nguyén té a, b. Hay tinh £(2013) . 32AN DE THI OLYMPIC TRUYEN THONG 30/4 LAN XIX — NAM 2013 A. LOP 10 In Cau 1. Dat u= V-x? - 8x +48 vav=x+3(u>0)>u'+v?=-2x +57 Phurong trinh tré thanh a ee f oF — 2uv = 2x - 48 butv=3.c> ¥—-x - 8x4 48 =-x oo FSO eo x=-2-W17. 2x? + 8x—48 = 0 dutv=30 V-x?— 8x +48 =-x-6 Cau 2. Xét phép tinh tién Tyg: A>K;B>CvaF +E. Ta c6 tam giéic CKE vudng cén tai K nén: xc-KE= SE CE _ yg. 2 KE Ap dung bat ding thie Ptoleme cho tir gidc CKED ta c6: KC.DE+CD.KE>CEKD — (*) F E => (DE + CD).KE > CE.KD = DE + DC> woe => 1994V2 > KDv2 => KD< 1994, Mat khée AK = BC = 19 nén: AD K thue doan AD. Do KD = 1994 nén bat ding thiie Ptoleme (*) xay ra ding thire = C.K, E, Doing thuée mét dudng tron. ~~ => CDE = CKE = 90° va DE + DC = 19942. 33— Dat a= (ce), ta cé: Saucoer = Sasr + Sacer + Score = Sncer + Scxe + Scope = Sacer + Scxed = BC.CE.sin a + $-CEKDsin a = 19.CEsin a + $1994.08 sin & = 1016.CE.sin a . a —~ a De Mat khée: DC = ECsin CED va DE=EC sinDCE va KDC =KDE = 45 — ~ _ = DCE=a—CDK =a—45° va CED =180° — (a+ 45°). Do dé: — —_ 1994/2 =DE+DC= BCLsindCE + sindEe] “feo = 2ECsina.cos = ECsina.v2. Suy ra EC.sin = 1994. Do dé Sancoer = 2025904. Cau 3. Cfch 1 Ta cé: 2x(1 —x)> y(y— 1) => 2x- 2x > yy => 2x-x’ 2x? +y'—y> Ixy-y => Ixy -y— 1 SH4x- 1) <0 => 2xy <1 ty. Do dé: P y(y - 1) > 2x-2x° 2 y’-y (2x +y)? 3 => (2xt+yy—-3(2x+y)<0=>0<52x+y<3. => 2xt+y> e+1)ex" +y)> Suyraps 322 =3. Khix=y=1 thi P=3. Vay max P=3. Céch 2 Ta 06: 2x(1 =x) > y(y - 1) > 2x- 2° 2y-y Saxty= Aa +d}@x" +9") 2 east Dat t=2x ty, taduge ? —3t <0 0-1<3t-1<8 2 Gt 17 $645 3P < 26441 =9=>P<3. Khit=3 va6x-2=3y+ 1 (28893 yaya i ipa, 6x-3y =3 Vay max P= 3. Cau 4. Tacé: x° + y* 4 = 0(mod p) => (x + y)(x? + y? — xy) 4 = 0(mod p) => -xy(x + y)-4 = 0(mod p) (vix?+y’=p) qa) Mat khdc: x° + y* — 4 = 0 (mod p) (2) Céng (1) va (2) ta durge: (x +y)* +8 = 0 (mod p) = (K+ y + 2)(x? +y? + 2xy — 2(x + y) +4) = 0 (mod p) Vi p la s6 nguyén 6, ta 06 cdc trudng hgp sau: Trung hgp 1: x + y +2 chia hét cho p Khidé: x? +y? 0 = Oxy -Ax+y)+4>x7 +y? > 4>(K-yP + AK+y)>4 => x=y-=l. Thi lai ta cé cp sé (1; 1) théa man, Vay cae sé nguyén duong x, y can tim la: (1; 1), (2; 1), (152). Cau 5. Gia sit Aj, Az, ..., Aig li 19 diém da cho trong d6 khdng cé ba diém nao thing hang va Ai(xi 3 yi) voi xis yi € Z (1 € {15 25.519). M6t sé Khi chia cho 3 thi du 0; 1 hod 2. Vi 19 > 3.6 nén theo nguyén Ii Dirichlet: o6 it nhat 7 trong 19 sé x; c6 cing s6 du khi chia cho 3. 35du Cal 36 Khong mat tinh tng quat, gia sir cdc sO d6 1a x1, X25 -..5 X7 Xét bay diém Aj, Az, -.. Ar Vi7> 3.2 nén theo nguyén li Dirichlet: ¢6 it nhat 3 trong 7 s6 ys Cie {15 Khéng mit tinh tng quat, gia sir cdc s6 d6 Ia ys, Yas ¥3- Xét ba diém Ay(x1; yi), Aas yo) va Aslxss ya) Vi xi, xo, xs 66 cling s6 dur khi chia cho 3 va yi, Yo, Ys efing la ba sé e6 cing s6 + tye kh chia cho 3 nén M2" 6 7; M772 Tr. 7}) 66 cing sé dur khi chia cho 3. Vay trong tim ciia tam gid Ai, Az, As 06 cdc toa dé déu Ia céc s6 nguyén. Bai ton duge ching minh. 1 6. ‘Theo tinh chat £(n + 3) < f(n) + 3, voi moi sé nguyén n ta cd £(n + 2018) = f[(n + 670.3) +3] < f(n + 670.3) +3 <... < F(n) + 2013 (1) Mat kha theo tinh chat £(n + 2012) > f(n) + 2012 ta cting c6 f(n +2013) = f[(n +1) +2012] > fn +1) +2012, voi moi sé nguyén n. Q) Tir (1) va (2) suy ra £(n + 1) + 2012 < f(m) 1 2013 hay f(n +1) < £(n) +1, voi moi sé nguyén n. @) Ap dung lién tiép bat ding thie (3) ta duge f(n + 2012) < f(a) + 2012 (4) Theo gia thiét ta c6 £(n + 2012) > f(n) + 2012 (5) ‘Tir (4) va (5) suy ra £(n + 2012) = f(n) + 2012, voi moi s6 nguyén n. Thay n. bing 1 ta duge £(2013) = f(1) + 2012 = 2013.EEE OA ee TRUONG THPT CHUYEN L£ HONG PHONG TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. (1) x2 424 (y?-y-DWx? +2-y? +y =0 x2 42-yvx? 42 + (y? — Dx? 42 -yly? - 1) = eo (Vi? +2 ~y)(Vx? +2 +y?-1) =0 ey= Vx 42 (vi Ve? +24+y?-1>0) Thay vio (2) ta duge: Ox xv 42424 (04 QW? + 4x + 6=0 co x4 xvxT 24424 (K+ Dy(x+2) +2 =0 <> (K+2)4 (x + Q(x +2)? +2 = Cx) + (x(x)? +2 (8) Dit u=x +2 vav=—x. Tacéu+v=2va GB) out+uvu? +2 =v+viv? +2 2 u-v+uvu? +2—v¥y? +2 =0 (4) Ta cé: uu? +2 = -v¥v? +2 uv <0 uv <0 “ fee. aut vt) <0 oe geet aneo >%Au-v)=0 > u=vo>u'<0>u=v=0>xt2=-x=0 (v6 li). Do dé: ut — v4 + 2(u? - v7) uu? +2 4-v¥v? +2 (ut vu? +v' Spat 2 uyu? +2+vvv? +2 Qu? + 2v? +4 uvu? +24 vv? +2 Tacé: 0<|avu? +24 vv? +9 < Vu? ev? Wu? +02 +4 “— Qu? + Qv? +4 Qu? +Qv7 +4 ee ee luvu? + 2 + vv? +2 uvu? +24 -v¥v? +2 (4) @u-v+ ot-yfie x++2=-x=>x= Khi dé y = V8 . Vay hé da cho 6 nghigm duy nhat lax =-1 vay = V3. cau 2. Xeét phép tinh tién T3: A->K;B>CvaF > E. B & Lf F E Tacé tam gide CKE vudng cf tai K nén: KC=KE= SE = £E _ ip. J2. KE Ap dung bat dang thitc Ptoleme cho tir giéc CKED ta 06: KC.DE + CD.KE> CE.KD « = (DE + CD).KE> CE.KD = DE+DC> woe = 199472 2 KD.V2 = KD < 1994. Mat khdc AK = BC = 19 nén: AD KD = 1994 => K thuge doan AD. Do KD = 1994 nén bat ding thire Ptoleme (*) xy ra ding thite => C,K, E, D cing thude mét dung tron. a => CDE = CKE = 90° va DE+ DC = 1994V2. _ pat o-= (D.C), ta c6: Sapcoer = Saar + Sacer + Scoz = Sacer + Scxe + Score = Sacer + Scxeo = BC.CE.sin & + 5 -CEKDsin a = 19.CEsin « + F-19948 sin a = 1016.CE sin a . Mat khéc: DC = ECsin GBD vi DE = EC sin DCE va KDC = KDB = 45° => DCE = CER - CDR = a—45° va CED = 180° - (a. + 45°). Do dé: 38~ aN 19942 = DE +DC = EClsinDCH + sinDEC| -scfsn(a-8) 3) = 2EC.sina.cost = ECsina.v2 . Suy ra EC.sin a = 1904. Do 6 Sascver = 2025904. Cau 3. Ta 06: B= fxy + ye =[ylx +2] < pV? + Dex? + 22) = Ve ilar ay? 4 y’ + (Gs lo +2 =1 il ke 1 Chon y=—=, ———, 4 = v2 oat +1) ack? +1) z thi (x: 2) théa man (+) va p= 2+ 2 oe Vay max P= maxffexy + ye - 1 2 2 Do dé: yéu cau bai tofn trong durong véi a T0xp + yg) = 25 + th => 22 + 88:7 => 22 = -t2[7] (2), 6 d6 [7] lA ki higu khée ca mod 7. A] a ig=af7] > *Néu 2/7 thi t, /7. Khi dé: =t{[7] @) 39Tir (2) => 28 = -t6[7] (4) Tir (3) va (4) => VO li. Vay 237 = ty!7 => Tén tai 21; t) € Z sao cho 2 = 72) Va to = 7th. Thé vao (1) = x2 +y3 = Tei + tt). Lap luan tuong ty ta c6 X97 va ty:7. => Tén tai x13 y1 € Z sao cho xo = 7x; va Yo = Ty1. Do dé ta duge: xo = 7x13 yo = Ty15 Zo = 721 Va to = Thr. => (Xi; ys 213 ty) thoa man (1) va ta c6: 1 bl + bil + Pal + tul= (bso + Bol +l + el) < Do dé hé (1) khong c6 nghiém khac (0; 0; 0; 0). Vay hé (1) c6 nghiém duy nhat la (0; 0; 0; 0). Cau 5. » Ta dénh s6 thir tr 2013 s6 trén dudng trdn theo mot chigu nhat dinh sag cho s6 nhé nhat trong 2013 36 dé a s6 6 vi tri 1. byol + ol + ftol (vd 1. Thy hién lién tiép cdc phép bién ddi 6 cae vi tri {1;2;3:4}, {55657:8}.... Sau 1510 phép bién d6i ta da cong 1 vio céc s6 trén 6040 k nghia I cdc sé trén dudng tron duge cong thém 3 don vi, trir sé dau tién duge cong vao 4 don vi. Do dé, sau 1510 phép bién ddi nhur trén thi ta duge 2013 sé méi ma khoang cach gitta sé 16n nhat va sé nho nhat gidm di 1 don vi. Vi vay, tiép tue thye hign qua trinh bién déi nhw trén, sau hétu han phép ta sé thu duge 2013 sé bang nhau. > Khi thay phép bién ddi bing céch cOng vio 30 sé thi chua chac thu duge 2013 s6 biing nhau. Thay véy, néu ban dau tng cdc s6 khong chia hét cho 3, moi lan céng vao 30 sé6 thi ciing tao thanh 1 tng khéng chia hét cho 3. Vi tng khéng chia hét cho 3 nén khéng thé chia thanh 2013 sé bang nhau. Cau 6. > Gia sir ham s6 f; N* > N* théa man cdc diéu kién: fn + 1)> f(n), Vne N* w va f(f(f(n))) =n +2013, VneN* (2) Tir (1) > f(n + 1) > fn) + 1, Vne N* (3) Tir (2) va (3) suy ra Vne N*, tac f(n) + 2013 = fLF(E(AKn)))) = fn + 2013) > f{n +2012) +1 > fn +2011) +2 > f(n + 2010)+3 >. > fn + 1) +2012 f{n) +2013 40= fn + 2013) = f(n + 2012) + 1 = fn + 2011) +2 = f(n-+ 2010) + {n+ 1) +2012 = f(n) + 2013, VneN* = fn +1) = f(n) + 1, Vne N* @ > fn) = f(1) +n=1, VneN* = f(n)=n-+a, Vne N* (5) voi a=f(1)~ 1. Tir (5) ta c6 f(f(n)) = f(n + a) = n + 2a, Vne N* => n+ 2013 = f(f(f(n))) = fn + 2a) =n + 3a, Vne N* _ >a a => f(n) =n +671, VneN* > Neugce lai néu fi N*—> N*, f(n)=n+ 671, Vne N* tacé: fn + 1)=n+1+671>n+671 =f(n), VneN* f(f(Aln))) = (An + 671)) = fn + 1522) = n + 2013, Vne N*. Vay f(n) =n +671, Vn © N* liham sé can tim. TRUONG THPT MAC DiNH CHI TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. Céch 1. Phuong trinh da cho twong duong véi. (x + Dt + vx? 42x48) +(x (1+ Ve +2)" +2) <0. Dat u= Vx? + 2x +3,u>0 va v= vx? +4x+6,v>0. v -u? =2x+38 Khids:{ 2 _y2_3 eee 2 Phuong trinh da cho tré thanh ve -u?-1 v-u +1 2 2 (v2 -w)(@+u+v)+v—u=0; @ (v-ulllv + W2+u+v)+1)=0; oveu ove? 44x46 = V8 H2xe8 ox, Vay phuong trinh di cho ¢6 nghiém la x = 3. (1+u)+ (1+v)=0; 4Cach 2. Phuong trinh da cho tuong dong véi phuong trinh 4x +2(c+I Wx? + 2x +8 +2(x +2) ia? +4x +6 +6 =0 > (x42) +2(x+2) Ve 4x46 +(x? 44x46) (x41) +2(x-41) Vir 2x43 -(x? +2x43)=0 (era 4x6) —(x+1- Pax +3) =0 (1S Ta 6 Fy De Bax 90 dat oa 6 AF +2H+8)=0 <9 2x +8 4-¥x? + 4x46 —Vx" +2x+3 =0 eo (x? 44x46) + Vx +4x+6-(x?+2x43)—Vx? + 2x +3 =0 2 (eFax 6 Ve vox | (\i? vas 6 + La? +2 +8) + (fee Face 6 i +2 +8) =0 co (J Haar 6 Vie re 8) Vat a6 + ah + 2x +8 +1) =0 eo V8 44x46 = Vx 42x43 x= Vay phuong trinh da cho c6 nghiém la x = a Cau 2. . TacéP=BC+CA+AB=atbte => P? =a" +b? +c? + 2ab + 2be + 2ca P, =AB+BI+AI 2 =c+ 24m, > P? = 0? +2-4+m? +ca tam, 42cm, 1™ ra "I ‘a P, =AC+CI+Al 2 = b+ Sim, = Pf b+ +m) +ba+am, +2bm, a = P?+P?-P? = 5+ 2mi +2am, +2bm, + 2em, ~ ab - ac ~ 2be 42a? at = +b? +0? -—+ 2m, (a +b+0c)—ab-—ac-2be 2 2 - = -a(a + b+c)+2m,(a+b+c)+b? +c? —2be = (2m, -ala+b+e)+(b-c). Tam gidc ABC khong cé géc ti 0 b? +c? 2. eat =A<90° © cosA = ob 20a b*+c?-a? 20 e a? eb? +0? > ams > <2 4m? >a? <> Im, >a 2m, —a>0. Diing thite xay ra khi va chi khi A = 90°. Ta duge P? +P? -P? >0. : 2m, -a=0 = 90° Ding thite xay ra <> 1 SY b-c=0 b=e <>Tam gic ABC vudng cfn tai A. Do dé P? = P? +P? <> P? + P? Pp? = 0 <> Tam gide ABC vudng can tai A. Cau 3. a” = tanx 2 = tal pat (> = 9 (any, tany, tanz,tant > 0) ce? =tanz d? = tant Theo dé gia thiét (1) bién déi thanh 1 1 1 i Tetan’x leten*y lata, let" 1+tan?x l+tan?y 1+tan’z 1+ tan’t sin?t = cos?x + cos”y.+ cos*z > 3ifcos®x.cos” y.cos”z (Bat ding thite AM - GM) Ching minh tuong ty, ta 06: sin?x > 34{cos” y.cos”z.cos’t; sin?y > 34/cos”z.cos*t.cos’ x; sin’z > 3Vcos’ t.cos? x.cos?z. 43Nhan vé voi vé cac bat phuong trinh trén, ta c6: sin’xsin’y.sin?z.sin?t > 81.cos”x.cos” y.cos”z.cos*t <> tan?.tan’y.tan?z.tan?t >81 oa‘ bictd* > 81 © ab.cd > 3 (dpem) Bling thite xay ra khi va chi khi a = b=c=d = 4/8. Cau 4. Ta sip xép céc em theo thir ty dé sé bi cia cdc em giam dan. Do dé, em thér 1 c6 nhidu bi nhat, em thit 7 c6 it bi nhat. Néu em thir 4 cé s6 bi lon hon hay bing 15 vién thi 3 em dau c6 s6 bi 16n hon hay bing 16 + 17+ 18 =51 vién. Néu em thir 4 cé sé bi it hon hay bang 14 vién thi 4 em sau 6 s6 bi khéng qué 14+ 13 +12 $11 =50 vgn, Nhu vay, 3 em du 6 kh6ng it hon 50 vién. Cau 5 Ta cé [B| = 5! = 120 nén khi chia cde phan tir cia B cho 120 ta duge 120 sé du (c6 thé trang nhau), Goi x 1a phan tir bat ki cita B va r la sé du khi chia x cho 120. Ta od: x=abede véia, b,c, dee A vax = 120k + rvéik, re N va reM ={0; 1; 25 35... 119}. Viatbtotd+e=14+2+344+5=15 va 15:3 nén x33. Suy ra ri3 (vi 120k!3) Vix —r= 120k chia hét cho 10 nén chit sé hang don vi cia r va x bang nhau. Ta suy ra reC = {3; 12; 15; 215 24; 33; 42; 45; 51; 54; 63; 72; 75; 81; 84; 93; 102; 105; 111; 114} Ta con ching minh duge r# 24. That vay, gia sir r= 24. Ta c6 x =abede = 120k +24 > e=4 vaxi4 => dei4 => d=2(vi 14, 34, 54 déu khéng chia hét cho 4) Ta con 06 xi8 => cde Vay r £24. Ta duge reD = C\ {24}va |D| = 19. _ V6 li vi 124, 324 va 524 déu khdng chia hét cho 8. Vi 120 > 114 = 6.19 nén theo nguyén li Dirichlet, c6 it nhat 6 + 1 = 7 s6 du tring nhau. Tir dé ta duoc diéu phai ching minh. 44Cau 6; Thay y =1 vao ii), ta duge: £(x) = £(x)£(1)—£(x +1) +1 = 2f(x)-£(x+1)+1, VxeQ =f(x+1)=f(x)+Lvxe@. (1) Bing phuong phap quy nap ta dé dang chitng minh duge: f(x +n) = f(x)+n,Vx € Q,vn € Z .2) Tir (1) va (2), thay x =n, Vn e€ Z, ta duge: £(n +1) = f(n) +1 = f(a) = f(n+1)-1= £(1)+n-1=n+1@) Tir i), ii) va (2), thay x aL =n,Vn € Z, ta duge: n : 1 1 i a=e(t)=e(4n\=e/4)e(n)- 2/2 (1) (+) (3) 6) (don) . {EJ +1)- (:@) +a] 41 as(2) -n41 n n n =2}-2416 : n) n Tir, (1) va (5), thay x = py =p € Z,q EN, taduge: q {2)-e(y(2)-1(p+4) 1 -(osaftoa}-(p-tea}er-Bes Suy ra £(x) =x+1VxeQ. Thit lai, ta thay f(x) = x +1,Vx © Q thoa man diéu kign bai toan. TRUONG THPT NGUYEN THUONG HIEN TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. Diéu kién: x+y #0. dxy + 4(2 +y?)+ =7 |Bc+y)? +(x-yy? +S = (+y? (x+y? eo ax+——= 8 xty+—tiax-y=3 oh J bok 45a=xtyt+ 1 (a> 2 Dat x+y b=x-y “ (do lal > 2) 3a? +b? =13_ Ja > at+b=3 b Hé phuong trinh tuong durong voi { xt+y+ - f ei > x+y > x-y=1 Vay hé phuong trinh c6 nghigm la (x; y) = (1; 0). Cau 2. : Goi H la hinh chiéu cia A lén BC, ta 06: HI? - 1A? = HO? — R?(H thudc truc dang phuong BC ctia (0 ) va(1)) = IA? - R? = HI? -HO7(1) Goi p va p’ la phuong tich cia A ddi véi hai vong (0) va (1). (M la trung diém OI, A’ va H? lin lugt 1 hinh chiéu cia A va H lén OI, p’ = 0) HA =—2. = khong didi. > 201 oR Ong doi Do 46 durong thing BC luén cach diém A cd dinh mét doan khéng ddi oe nén Be Pp BC ti dudng tron (A; —). ip xiic dug tron (As) Cau 3. Sir dung bat ding thite AM - GM, ta 6: cele eae Prd, b?+1 b+1 _b+ab a) +1 46Chitng minh tuong ty: bel aaa exe, 41 +1 yy atea a? +1 Céng ba bat dang thite trén theo vé ta duge: asl bil c+l Jatb+e,, ab+berca 9 ab+be+ea b?+1 c?41 aed 2 2 2 2 52 _arb+o? 2 6 Ding thite xay ra khi va chi khia=b=c= 1. Cau 4, Do vai tré cita a va b la tuong duong nén khong mit tinh tng quét, gid sir a> b. a+b atl b?-a® a(l-a) théa man yéu cdu dé bai. Do dé a > b> 1, tacé a®—b? >0. Néu a=b ta 6 eZ nén a+lia>a=b=1, khong 2 Khids 2+ +b og gen a? + bi bea ab =a°-b? a-a? 0 Tacé 2a > 2b > a® ~a® > 2>a-a >a =1 (mau thudn voi a >1). Vay khong tén tai cac sé a, b théa man yéu cdu bai todn, Cau 5. p A 6 100 sé duge chia thinh 7 tép hop con, nén theo nguyén Ii Dirichlet, tén tai it nhdt mét tap hop con B chita it nhdt 15 s6. Trong tap B xét clip (a;b) trong dé a > b. Xét higu a —b > 0, vi B cé it nhat 15 sé nén c6 it nhét C?, = 105 higu. Do Bc A = {1;2;3; 99}. 19; 100} nén cdc higu trén thude {1; 2; Theo nguyén Ij Dirichlet tn tai it nhét hai higu bing nhau, gid stt a~c = d—b Néu a =d thi c = b, v6 li vi hai c&p nay khéc nhau, do 46 a # d. Khi dé néu a, b,c, d d6i mOt khac nhau thi a+b=c+d. Néu a =b tacé 2a=c+d voi cz d(vingu c=d thia=d, voli). Néu c=d thi 2d =a+b voi a#b(vinéua=b thia=d, voli. Cac trudng hgp con lai déu khéng xay ra. Bai toan duge ching minh. 47Cau 6. Patt Voi x= 1 ta cd: £(2) = £(0) 2eN. Tuong ty £(3) e N Gia sir f(x) nguyén voi x =k vax =k-1. £2(x) +1 f(x-1) {re + D.£(k 1) = £7(k) +1 £0k).£(k - 2) = £°(k -1) +1 = f(k + D.£c — 1) ~ £(06).£(0k ~ 2) = £70) ~ £7 = 1) = f(k — DLFUc +1) + £0k — 1)] = £0s)[F0s) + £0 ~ 29] = £(k) _ f0e-D fa) f(k+1)+f(k-1) f(k)+f(k-2) => f(k +1) = 8f(k)-f(k-DeN. Vay theo nguyén li quy nap f(x) e N,vx eN. Tacé: f(x +1) = = f(x+ D£(x-1) = £7) +1 £(2)+f0) 3 TRUONG THPT TRAN DAI NGHIA TP. HO CHi MINH Cau 1. = ae. AEH), eal oy, 2 4 2 2 xitxyty 5 (x + y) > Xty, 3 4 2 Céc dang thite trén xy ra khix = y > 0. Phuong trinh trén suy ra: x= y. ‘Thé vao phuong trinh du6i, ta c6: 2x” ~ 5 = 3[x] Do x-1<[x] Zhayx<—> e ° 2x? -5 < 3x 2x? -3x-5<0 acx

You might also like

• (thuvientoan.net) - Đề thi thử vào lớp 10 môn Toán năm 2022 - Trung tâm BDVH Hà Nội - Amsterdam có lời giải chi tiết

  

  Document7 pages

  (thuvientoan.net) - Đề thi thử vào lớp 10 môn Toán năm 2022 - Trung tâm BDVH Hà Nội - Amsterdam có lời giải chi tiết

  dung hoang

  No ratings yet
• Violympic Toán 9

  

  Document69 pages

  Violympic Toán 9

  dung hoang

  No ratings yet
• ĐỀ LUYỆN VĂN 9. 3

  

  Document6 pages

  ĐỀ LUYỆN VĂN 9. 3

  dung hoang

  No ratings yet
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• LUYỆN ĐỀ VĂN 9. 2 .LÀNG

  

  Document4 pages

  LUYỆN ĐỀ VĂN 9. 2 .LÀNG

  dung hoang

  No ratings yet
• Hanh Trinh Tu Hoc

  

  Document36 pages

  Hanh Trinh Tu Hoc

  dung hoang

  No ratings yet