Chapter 01 - What is Statistics?

Chapter 1
What is Statistics?
1. a. Interval b. Ratio
c. Interval d. Nominal
e. Ordinal f. Ratio (LO6)

2. a. Ratio b. Nominal
c. Ratio d. Ratio (LO6)

3. Answer will vary. (LO6)

4. a. Sample b. Population
c. Population d. Sample (LO3)

5. Qualitative data is not numerical, whereas quantitative data is numerical. Examples will vary
by student. (LO4)

6. A population is the entire group which you are studying. A sample is a subset taken from a
population. (LO3)

7. Discrete variables can assume only certain values, but continuous variables can assume any
values within some range. Examples will vary. (LO5)

8. a. A sample is used because it is difficult to locate every student.

b. A population is employed because the information is easy to find.
c. A population is used because the information is easy to find.
d. A sample works because it is difficult to locate every musical. (LO3)

9. a. Ordinal
b. Ratio
c. The newer system provided information on the distance between exits. (LO6)

10. The cell phone provider is nominal level data. The minutes used are ratio level. Satisfaction is
ordinal level. (LO6)

11. If you were using this store as typical of all Barnes & Noble stores then it would be sample
data. However, if you were considering it as the only store of interest, then the data would be
population data. (LO3)

12. In a presidential election all votes are counted, thus it is similar to a census of the entire
population. However, an “exit” poll consists of only some voters and thus is more like a
sample of the entire population. (LO3)

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Chapter 01 - What is Statistics?

13.
Discrete Continuous
Qualitative b. Gender
d. Soft drink preference
Quantitative f. SAT scores a. Salary
g. Student rank in class c. Sales volume of MP3 players
h. Rating of a finance professor e. Temperature
i. Number of home computers

Discrete Continuous
Nominal b. Gender

Ordinal d. Soft drink preference

g. Student rank in class
h. Rating of a finance professor
Interval e. Temperature
a. Salary
Ratio c. Sales volume of MP3 players
i. Number of home computers

14. Answers will vary. (LO6)

15. As a result of these sample findings, we can conclude that 120/300 or 40% of the white-collar
workers would transfer outside the U.S. (LO2)

16. The obvious majority of consumers (400/500, or 80%) believe the policy is fair. On the
strength of these findings, we can anticipate a similar proportion of all customers to feel the
same. (LO2)

17. a. Total sales increased by 106,000, found by 1,255,000 – 1,149,000, which is 9.2%.
b. Market shares in 2010 and 2009, respectively, are:
General Motors 22.9% 22.0%
Ford Motor 19.9% 16.2%
Chrysler 11.3% 12.7%
Toyota 15.8% 19.7%
American Honda 11.8% 12.4%
Nissan NA 10.6% 9.4%
Hyundai 5.1% 4.8%
Mazda 2.6% 2.8%
Ford has gained 3.7% and Toyota lost 3.9% of their market shares.
c. Percent changes are:
General Motors increase of 13.7%
Ford Motor increase of 34.3%
Chrysler decrease of 3.2%
Toyota decrease of 12.4%
American Honda increase of 3.9%
Nissan NA increase of 22.8%
Hyundai increase of 17.0%
Mazda increase of 2.9%

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Chapter 01 - What is Statistics?

Ford and Nissan had increases of more than 20%. General Motors and Hyundai had
increases of more than 10%. Meanwhile, Toyota had a decrease of over 10%. (LO5)

18. The total amount spent is $603.86. The percents by group are: 75, 14, 4, and 7, respectively.

19. Earnings increase each year over the previous year until a large peak in 2008. Then there is a
rather large drop in 2009.

20. a. Township is qualitative variable, the others are quantitative. (LO4)

b. Township is nominal level variable, the others are ratio level variables. (LO6)

21. a. League is a qualitative variable; the others are quantitative. (LO4)

b. League is a nominal level variable; the others are ratio level variables. (LO6)

22. a. Bus Number, Type and Manufacturer are qualitative variables, the others are
quantitative. (LO4)
b. Bus Number, Type and Manufacturer are nominal level variables; the others are ratio
level variables. (LO6)

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