2020 Matriculation Examination

Sample Question 2
MATHEMATICS: Time allowed: 3 hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET.
SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions.)

x+3
1.(a) Given the function f : x 7→ , x 6= 1.Find the positive value of x for which f (x) = x.
x−1
(3 marks)

(b) The expression (x + 4)3 + ax + b has a factor x + 1 but leaves a remainder of 8 when divided
by x + 5. Find the values of a and b. (3 marks)

2.(a) Find the coefficient of x22 in the expansion of (1 − 3x)(1 + x3 )10 . (3 marks)

(b) If Sn and un denotes the sum of first n terms and nth term of an A.P. and given that
Sp p2 2p − 1
= 2 , where p 6= q, show that the ratio of pth term to q th term is . (3 marks)
Sq q 2q − 1
!
cos x sin x
3.(a) Let F (x) = where x ∈ R. Prove that F (x + y) = F (x)F (y). (3 marks)
− sin x cos x

(b) Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting (i) the same number
on both dice (ii) different numbers on both dice. (3 marks)

4.(a) In the figure, T AX is a tangent to the circle at A, T BC is a straight line and

∠T AB = ∠CAD. Prove that BC is parallel to AD. (3 marks)

! !
−1 3
(b) The position vectors of three points A, B, and C are ⃗a = , ⃗b = and
2 5
!
1
⃗c = respectively. Calculate the modulus of the vector ⃗a + 2⃗b + 2⃗c. (3 marks)
6

4 5 sin θ − 3 cos θ
5.(a) If tan θ = , where θ lies in the first quadrant, find the exact value of .
5 sin θ + 2 cos θ
(3 marks)

(b) Given that x2 + y 2 = 1, show that yy ′′ + (y ′ )2 + 1 = 0. (3 marks)

Page | 1
 SECTION (B)
(Answer any FOUR questions.)

1
6.(a) Functions f : R → R and g : R → R are defined by f (x) = x − 5 and g(x) = 2x + 10.
2
Find (f ◦ g)(x), (g ◦ f )(x) and hence show that f and g are inverse of each other. Hence or
otherwise find (f ◦ g −1 )(x). (5 marks)

(b) If the expression 2x4 + kx3 + 5x2 + 7 is divided by x2 − x − 2, the remainder is hx + 18, find
k and h. (5 marks)

7.(a) A binary operation  on R is defined by x  y = (2x − 3y)2 − 5y 2 . Show that the binary
operation is commutative. Find the values of k for which (−2)  k = 80. (5 marks)

(b) The coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in the ratio
1 : 7 : 42, find n. (5 marks)

8.(a) Find the suitable domain of the function f (x) = 1 + 3x − 2x2 for which the curve of f (x)
lies completely above the line y = −1. (5 marks)

(b) The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressions are in the ratio (3n + 8) : (7n + 15). Find
the ratio of their 12th terms. (5 marks)

9.(a) The consecutive digits of a three-digit number form a G.P. If 792 is subtracted from this
number, the new number formed consisting of the same digits written in the reverse order.
If the second digit of the given number is increased by 2, the digits of the resulting number
form an A.P. Find the given number. (5 marks)
!
x 1
(b) Find the two matrices of the form X = such that X 2 = I where I is a unit
0 y
matrix of order 2. (5 marks)
!
1 2
10.(a) If A = , find constants p and q such that A2 = pA + qI. Hence find A3 and
−1 −3
A4 in the form rA + sI where r and s are real numbers. (5 marks)

(b) How many 3-digit numbers less than 400 can you form by using 1, 2, 3 and 4 without
repeating any digit? If one of these numbers is chosen at random, find the probability that
it is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 4. Find also the probability that a number which is
not divisible by 3. (5 marks)

Page | 2
 SECTION (C)
(Answer any THREE questions.)

11.(a) In the figure, O is the centre of the smaller circle ADC and A, O, C and B lie on the
larger circle. Given that BCD is a straight line, prove that (i) ∠ABD + 2∠ADB = 180◦
(ii) 4ABD is isosceles with the base AD. (5 marks)

(b) ABC is a right triangle with A the right angle. E and D are points on opposite side of AC,
with E on the same side of AC as B, such that 4ACD and 4BCE are both equilateral.
If α(4BCE) = 2α(4ACD), prove that ABC is an isosceles right triangle. (5 marks)

12.(a) In the figure, P AQ is the tangent to the circle at A. The line T CB is parallel to P AQ and
T DA is a straight line. Prove that (i) ∠ADB = ∠T DC, (ii) 4T CD ∼ 4BAD.
(5 marks)

α−β
(b) Prove that (sin α − sin β)2 + (cos α − cos β)2 = 4 sin . (5 marks)
2
13.(a) Solve 4ABC with a = 4, b = 5, β = 60◦ . (5 marks)
d2 y dy
(b) If y = 4ecos x , show that 2
= (cot x − sin x) . (5 marks)
dx dx
! !
−→ 7 −→ 2
14.(a) The position vectors of the point P and Q are given by OP = and OQ = .
−3 9
−→
(a) Find the unit vector in the direction of P Q.
−→ −→
(b) Find the position vector of the point R such that P R = 2P Q. (5 marks)

(b) A rectangular box has a square base of side x cm. If the sum of one side of the square and
its height is 15 cm, express the volume of the box in terms of x. Use this expression to
determine the maximum volume of the box. (5 marks)

Page | 3
 SECTION (A)

x+3
1.(a) Given the function f : x 7→ , x 6= 1.Find the positive value of x for which f (x) = x.
x−1
Solution
x+3
f : x 7→ , x 6= 1
x−1
f (x) = x
x+3
=x
x−1
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0

(x − 3)(x + 1) = 0

∴ x = 3 or x = −1

Since x > 0, only x = 3 is valid.

1.(b) The expression (x + 4)3 + ax + b has a factor x + 1 but leaves a remainder of 8 when divided
by x + 5. Find the values of a and b.
Solution
Let f (x) = (x + 4)3 + ax + b.

f (−1) = 0

(−1 + 4)3 + a(−1) + b = 0

27 − a + b = 0

a − b = 27 − − − − − (1)

f (−5) = 8

(−5 + 4)3 + a(−5) + b = 8

−1 − 5a + b = 8

−5a + b = 9 − − − −(2)

(1) + (2) ⇒ −4a = 36

∴ a = −9

∴ −9 − b = 27 ⇒ b = −36

Page | 4
2.(a) Find the coefficient of x22 in the expansion of (1 − 3x)(1 + x3 )10 .
Solution
10
(1 − 3x)(1 + x3 )

(r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x3 )

10 r
= 10 Cr 110−r (x3 ) = 10 Cr x3r
10
For x21 in the expansion of(1 + x3 ) , 3x = 21 ⇒ x = 7
10 × 9 × 8
the coefficient of x21 = 10 C7 = 10 C3 = = 120
1×2×3
10 22
For x22 in the expansion of(1 + x3 ) , 3x = 22 ⇒ x = which is not an integer.
3
10
Hence there is no term containing x22 in the expansion of(1 + x3 ) .
10
∴ The coefficient of x22 in the expansion of(1 − 3x)(1 + x3 ) = −3 × 120 = −360

2.(b) If Sn and un denotes the sum of first n terms and nth term of an A.P. and given that
Sp p2 2p − 1
= 2 , where p 6= q, show that the ratio of pth term to q th term is .
Sq q 2q − 1

Solution
n
Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d} , un = a + (n − 1)d Since p 6= q , p − q 6= 0.
2
Sp p2 ∴ d = 2a
= 2
Sq q
up a + (p − 1)d
p
{2a + (p − 1)d} ∴ =
2 p2 uq a + (q − 1)d
q =
{2a + (q − 1)d} q2 a + (p − 1)(2a)
2 =
p 2a + (p − 1)d p2 a + (q − 1)(2a)
× = 2 a + 2ap − 2a
q 2a + (q − 1)d q =
2a + (p − 1)d p a + 2aq − 2a
= 2ap − a
2a + (q − 1)d q =
2aq − a
2ap − pqd − pd = 2aq − pqd − qd
a (2p − 1)
=
2ap − 2aq = pd − qd a (2q − 1)
2p − 1
∴ 2a (p − q) = (p − q) d =
2q − 1

Page | 5
 !
cos x sin x
3.(a) Let F (x) = where x ∈ R. Prove that F (x + y) = F (x)F (y).
− sin x cos x
Solution
 
cos x sin x
F (x) =  
− sin x cos x
 
cos y sin y
F (y) =  
− sin y cos y
 
cos(x + y) sin(x + y)
F (x + y) =  
− sin(x + y) cos(x + y)
  
cos x sin x cos y sin y
F (x)F (y) =   
− sin x cos x − sin y cos y
 
cos x · cos y − sin x · sin y cos x · sin x + sin x · cos y
= 
− sin x · cos y − cos x · sin y − sin x · sin y + cos x · cos y
 
cos x · cos y − sin x · sin y cos x · sin x + sin x · cos y
= 
−(sin x · cos y + cos x · sin y) cos x · cos y − sin x · sin y
 
cos(x + y) sin(x + y)
= 
− sin(x + y) cos(x + y)
∴ F (x + y) = F (x)F (y)

3.(b) Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting (i) the same number
on both dice (ii) different numbers on both dice.
Solution
When two dice are thrown, the total number of possible outcomes is 36.

(i) The set of favourable outcomes = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)

Number of favourable outcomes = 6

6 1
P (getting the same number on both dice) = =
36 6
1 5
(ii) P (different numbers on both dice) = 1 − =
6 6

Page | 6
4.(a) In the figure, T AX is a tangent to the circle at A, T BC is a straight line and
∠T AB = ∠CAD. Prove that BC is parallel to AD.

Solution
Proof: ∠T AB = ∠CAD (given)

∠T AB = ∠ACB (∠ between tangent and chord

= ∠ in alternate segment)

∠CAD = ∠ACB

∴ BC k AD
! !
−1 3
4.(b) The position vectors of three points A, B, and C are ⃗a = , ⃗b = and
2 5
!
1
⃗c = respectively. Calculate the modulus of the vector ⃗a + 2⃗b + 2⃗c.
6

Solution
     
−1 3 1
⃗a =   , ⃗b =   , ⃗c =  
2 5 6
     
−1 3 1
⃗
⃗a + 2b + 2⃗c =   +2   +2  
2 5 6
     
−1 6 2
= + + 
2 10 12
 
7
= 
24
√ √
∴ |⃗a + 2⃗b + 2⃗c| = 72 + 242 = 625 = 25

Page | 7
 4 5 sin θ − 3 cos θ
5.(a) If tan θ = , where θ lies in the first quadrant, find the exact value of .
5 sin θ + 2 cos θ

Solution
4
tan θ =
5   
sin θ cos θ
5 −3
5 sin θ − 3 cos θ cos θ cos θ
=    
sin θ + 2 cos θ sin θ cos θ
+2
cos θ cos θ

5 tan θ − 3
=
tan θ + 2
 
4
5 −3
5
=
4
+2
5
1
=
14
5
5
=
14

5.(b) Given that x2 + y 2 = 1, show that yy ′′ + (y ′ )2 + 1 = 0.

Solution
x2 + y 2 = 1

Differentiate with respect to x.

2x + 2yy ′ = 0

∴ yy ′ + x = 0

Differentiate again with respect to x.

yy ′′ + y ′ · y ′ + 1 = 0

∴ yy ′′ + (y ′ )2 + 1 = 0

Page | 8
 SECTION (B)

1
6.(a) Functions f : R → R and g : R → R are defined by f (x) = x − 5 and g(x) = 2x + 10.
2
Find (f ◦ g)(x), (g ◦ f )(x) and hence show that f and g are inverse of each other. Hence or
otherwise find (f ◦ g −1 )(x).
Solution
1
f (x) = x − 5
2
g(x) = 2x + 10

(f ◦ g) (x) = f (g(x))
∴ f (x) = g −1 (x)
= f (2x + 10)
∴ f and g are inverse of each other.
1
= (2x + 10) − 5
2 (f ◦ g −1 )(x) = (f ◦ f )(x)
=x+5−5
= f (f (x))
=x  
1
=f x−5
2
∴ g(x) = f −1 (x)  
1 1
= x−5 −5
(g ◦ f ) (x) = g (f (x)) 2 2
  1 5
= x− −5
1 4 2
=g x−5
2 x − 30
  =
1 4
=2 x − 5 + 10
2
= x − 10 + 10

=x

Page | 9
6.(b) If the expression 2x4 + kx3 + 5x2 + 7 is divided by x2 − x − 2, the remainder is hx + 18, find
k and h.
Solution
Let f (x) = 2x4 + kx3 + 5x2 + 7.

f (x) is divided by x2 − x − 2, the remainder is hx + 18.

Let Q(x) be the quotient when f (x) is divided by x2 − x − 2.

∴ f (x) = Q(x)(x2 − x − 2) + hx + 18

∴ f (x) = Q(x)(x + 1)(x − 2) + hx + 18

∴ Q(x)(x + 1)(x − 2) + hx + 18 = 2x4 + kx3 + 5x2 + 7

When x = −1, −h + 18 = 2(−1)4 + k(−1)3 + 5(−1)2 + 7

−h + 18 = 2 − k + 5 + 7

k − h = −4 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(1)

When x = 2, 2h + 18 = 2(2)4 + k(2)3 + 5(2)2 + 7

2h + 18 = 32 + 8k + 20 + 7
41
−4k + h =
− − − − − − − − − − − −(2)
2
33 11
(1) + (2) ⇒ −3k = ⇒k=−
2 2
11 3
∴ − − h = −4 ⇒ h = −
2 2
7.(a) A binary operation  on R is defined by x  y = (2x − 3y)2 − 5y 2 . Show that the binary
operation is commutative. Find the values of k for which (−2)  k = 80.
Solution
x  y = (2x − 3y)2 − 5y 2

= 4x2 − 12xy + 9y 2 − 5y 2
(−2)  k = 80
= 4x2 − 12xy + 4y 2
4(−2)2 − 12(−2)k + 4k 2 = 80
y  x = (2y − 3x) − 5x2
2

4k 2 + 24k − 64 = 0
= 4y − 12xy + 9x − 5x
2 2 2

k 2 + 6k − 16 = 0
= 4y 2 − 12xy + 4x2
(k + 2)(k − 8) = 0
= 4x2 − 12xy + 4y 2
∴ k = −2 or k = 8.
∴xy =yx

∴ The binary operation is commutative.

Page | 10
7.(b) The coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in the ratio
1 : 7 : 42, find n.
Solution
(r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)n = n Cr xr

Let the three consecutive coefficients be n Cr−1 , n Cr and n Cr+1 .

By the problem,
n
Cr−1 : n Cr : n Cr+1 = 1 : 7 : 42

Let n Cr−1 = k, n Cr = 7k, n Cr+1 = 42k

n(n − 1)(n − 2)...(n − r + 2)
∴ =k − − − − − − − −(1)
1 × 2 × 3 × ...(r − 2)(r − 1)
n(n − 1)(n − 2)...(n − r + 2)(n − r + 1)
= 7k
1 × 2 × 3 × ...(r − 2)(r − 1)(r)
  
n(n − 1)(n − 2)...(n − r + 2) n − r + 1
= 7k − − − − − − − (2)
1 × 2 × 3 × ...(r − 2)(r − 1) r
n(n − 1)(n − 2)...(n − r + 2)(n − r + 1)(n − r)
= 42k
1 × 2 × 3 × ...(r − 2)(r − 1)(r)(r + 1)
   
n(n − 1)(n − 2)...(n − r + 2) n − r + 1 n − r
= 42k − − − (3)
1 × 2 × 3 × ...(r − 2)(r − 1) r r+1
n−r+1
(2) ÷ (1) ⇒ = 7 ⇒ n − 8r = −1 − − − − − − − − − − − (4)
r
n−r
(3) ÷ (2) ⇒ = 6 ⇒ n − 7r = 6 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(5)
r+1
(5) − (4) ⇒ r = 7
∴ n − 7 × 7 = 6 ⇒ n = 55

8.(a) Find the suitable domain of the function f (x) = 1 + 3x − 2x2 for which the curve of f (x)
lies completely above the line y = −1.
Solution

f (x) = 1 + 3x − 2x2 When y = 0,

By the problem, 2 + 3x − 2x2 = 0.
f (x) lies completely
(2 − x)(1 + 2x) = 0
above the line y = −1.
1
f (x) > −1 ∴x=− or x = 2
2
1 + 3x − 2x2 > −1 Therefore, the graph cuts
2 + 3x − 2x2 > 0 1
the x-axis at ( − , 0)
Let y = 2 + 3x − 2x2 . 2
and (2, 0).
When x = 0, y = 2.
Therefore, the graph cuts ∴ Domain of f (x)
1
the y-axis at (0, 2). = {x| − < x < 2}
2
Page | 11
8.(b) The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressions are in the ratio (3n + 8) : (7n + 15). Find
the ratio of their 12th terms.
Solution
Sum to n terms of 1st A.P 3n + 8
nd
= When n = 23,
Sum to n terms of 2 A.P 7n + 18
2a1 + (23 − 1)d1 3(23) + 8
Let the first term and common difference of =
2a2 + (23 − 1)d2 7(23) + 18
the two A.Ps be a1 , d1 and a2 , d2 respectively. 2a1 + 22d1 7
=
n 2a2 + 22d2 16
{2a1 + (n − 1)d1 } 3n + 8
2
∴ n = a1 + 11d1 7
7n + 18 =
{2a2 + (n − 1)d2 } a2 + 11d2 16
2
2a1 + (n − 1)d1 3n + 8 12th term of 1st A.P 7
= ∴ th nd
=
2a2 + (n − 1)d2 7n + 18 12 term of 2 A.P 16

9.(a) The consecutive digits of a three-digit number form a G.P. If 792 is subtracted from this
number, the new number formed consisting of the same digits written in the reverse order.
If the second digit of the given number is increased by 2, the digits of the resulting number
form an A.P. Find the given number.
Solution
Let the hundred′ s digit, ten′ s digit and one′ s digit (r − 1)(r + 1)
=2
 (r − 1)

2

of the given number be a, ar and ar2 respectively. r+1

− =3
r−1
By the problem,
−r − 1 = 3r − 3
100a + 10ar + ar − 792 = 100ar + 10ar + a
2 2
1
∴r=
3
99a − 99ar2 = 792  2 !
1
∴a 1− =8
a(1 − r2 ) = 8 − − − − − − − − − − − (1) 3
 
a, ar + 2, ar2 is an A.P. 1
∴a 1− =8
9
ar + 2 − a = ar2 − ar − 2 8a
∴ =8
9
ar2 − 2ar + a = 4
∴a=9
a(r − 2r + 1) = 4 − − − − − − − − − (2)
2
∴ Given Number
1r2    
(1) ÷ (2) ⇒ 2 =2 1 1
r − 2r + 1 = 100(9) + 10(9) +9
(r2 − 1) 3 9
=2 = 931
r2 − 2r + 1

Page | 12
 !
x 1
9.(b) Find the two matrices of the form X = such that X 2 = I where I is a unit
0 y
matrix of order 2.
Solution
!
x 1 x2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±1 − − − (1)
X=
0 y
! ! y 2 = 1 ⇒ y = ±1 − − − −(2)
x 1 x 1
X2 = x+y =0 − − − − − −(3)
0 y 0 y
!
x2 x+y By equation (3),
=
0 y2
when x = −1, y = 1
By the problem,
when x = 1, y = −1
X2 = I
! ! ! !
x2 x+y 1 0 −1 1 1 1
= ∴X= or X =
0 y2 0 1 0 1 0 −1
!
1 2
10.(a) If A = , find constants p and q such that A2 = pA + qI. Hence find A3 and
−1 −3
4
A in the form rA + sI where r and s are real numbers.
Solution
p + q = −1 − − − − − − − (1)
!
1 2 2p = −4 − − − − − − − (2)
A=
−1 −3 −p = 2 − − − − − − − (3)
! !
1 2 1 2 −3p + q = 7 − − − − − (4)
A2 =
−1 −3 −1 −3 ∴ A2 = −2A + I
!
1−2 2−6 A3 = A A 2
=
−1 + 3 −2 + 9 = A(−2A + I)
!
−1 −4 = −2A2 + AI
=
2 7 = −2(−2A + I) + A
2
A = pA + qI = −3A − 2I
! ! !
−1 −4 1 2 1 0 A = A A3
4
=p +q
2 7 −1 −3 0 1 = A(−3A − 2I)
! !
−1 −4 p+q 2p = −3A2 − 2AI
=
2 7 −p −3p + q = −3(−2A + I) − 2A
= 4A − 3I

Page | 13
10.(b) How many 3-digit numbers less than 400 can you form by using 1, 2, 3 and 4 without
repeating any digit? If one of these numbers is chosen at random, find the probability that
it is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 4. Find also the probability that a number which is
not divisible by 3.
Solution
Since the numbers formed by given digits are less than 400,
the hundreds’ digit must not be 4.
The set of possible outcomes = {123, 124, 132, 134, 142, 143, 213, 214, 231,
234, 241, 243, 312, 314, 321, 324, 341, 342}
Number of possible outcomes = 18.
The set of numbers which are divisible by 3
but not divisible by 4 = {123, 213, 231, 234, 243, 321, 342}
Number of favourable outcomes = 7
7
P (a number that is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 4) =
18
The set of numbers which are not divisible by 3 = {124, 134, 142, 143, 214, 241, 314, 341}
Number of favourable outcomes = 8
8 4
P (a number that is not divisible by 3) = =
18 9

SECTION (C)

11.(a) In the figure, O is the centre of the smaller circle ADC and A, O, C and B lie on the
larger circle. Given that BCD is a straight line, prove that (i) ∠ABD + 2∠ADB = 180◦
(ii) 4ABD is isosceles with the base AD.
Solution

AOCB is a cyclic quadrilateral of  ABC.

∴ β + θ = 180◦
In  O, θ = 2δ.
∴ β + 2δ = 180◦
∴ ∠ABD + 2∠ADB = 180◦
In 4ABD,
∠BAD + β + δ = 180◦
∴ β + 2δ = ∠BAD + β + δ
∴ δ = ∠BAD
4ABD is isosceles with the base BD.

Page | 14
11.(b) ABC is a right triangle with A the right angle. E and D are points on opposite side of AC,
with E on the same side of AC as B, such that 4ACD and 4BCE are both equilateral.
If α(4BCE) = 2α(4ACD), prove that ABC is an isosceles right triangle.
Solution

α(4BCE) = 2α(4ACD) (given)

α(4BCE)
∴ =2
α(4ACD)
Since 4BCE and 4ACD are equilateral,

4BCE ∼ 4ACD

α(4BCE) BC 2
∴ =
α(4ACD) AC 2
2
BC
∴ = 2 ⇒ BC 2 = 2AC 2
AC 2
In right 4ABC,

BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2

AB 2 + AC 2 = 2AC 2

AB 2 = AC 2 ⇒ AB = AC

ABC is an isosceles right triangle.

12.(a) In the figure, P AQ is the tangent to the circle at A. The line T CB is parallel to P AQ and
T DA is a straight line. Prove that (i) ∠ADB = ∠T DC, (ii) 4T CD ∼ 4BAD.
Solution

Proof : Since T B k P Q,
α=β
P A is a tangent and AB is a chord.
∴α=δ⇒β=δ
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴β=θ
∴ δ = θ ⇒ ∠ADB = ∠T DC
In △ T CD and △ BAD,
θ=δ (proved)
ε=γ (ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral)
∴△ T CD ∼△ BAD

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 α−β
12.(b) Prove that (sin α − sin β)2 + (cos α − cos β)2 = 4 sin .
2
Solution
(sin α − sin β)2 + (cos α − cos β)2
 2  2
α+β α−β α+β α−β
= 2 cos sin + −2 sin sin
2 2 2 2
α + β 2α − β α + β 2α − β
= 4cos2 sin + 4sin2 sin
2 2 2 2
 
α−β α+β α+β
= 4 sin cos2 + sin2
2 2 2
α−β
= 4 sin (1)
2
α−β
= 4 sin
2
13.(a) Solve 4ABC with a = 4, b = 5, β = 60◦ .
Solution

a = 4, b = 5, β = 60◦
Since b > a, there is only one solution.
By the law of sines,
sin α sin β
=
a b
a sin β
sin α =
b
4 sin 60◦
=
5√
4 3
= ×
5√ 2
2 3
=
5
= 0.6928
= sin 43◦ 51′
∴ α = 43◦ 51′
∴ γ = 180◦ − (60◦ + 43◦ 51′ ) = 76◦ 9′
By the law of sines, No Log
c b
= 5 0.6990
sin γ sin β
b sin γ
c= = b sin γ cosec β sin 76◦ 9′ 1.9871
sin β
◦
c = 5 sin 76◦ 9′ cosec 60◦ cosec 60 0.0625
∴ c = 5.61 5.61 0.7486

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 d2 y dy
13.(b) If y = 4ecos x , show that = (cot x − sin x) .
dx2 dx
Solution
y = 4ecos x

dy d
= 4ecos x (cos x)
dx dx
dy
= −4ecos x sin x
dx
 
d2 y cos x d d cos x
= −4 e (sin x) + sin x (e )
dx2 dx dx
 
d2 y d
= −4 e cos x
cos x + e cos x
sin x (cos x)
dx2 dx
d2 y  cos x 
= −4 e cos x − ecos x
sin 2
x
dx2
d2 y h cos x i
= −4e cos x
sin x − sin x
dx2 sin x
2
dy dy
∴ 2 = (cot x − sin x)
dx dx
! !
−→ 7 −→ 2
14.(a) The position vectors of the point P and Q are given by OP = and OQ = .
−3 9
−→
(a) Find the unit vector in the direction of P Q.
−→ −→
(b) Find the position vector of the point R such that P R = 2P Q.
Solution
! !
−→ 7 −→ 2
OP = , OQ =
−3 9 !
−→ −→ −→ −→ a
∴ P Q = OQ − OP (b) Let OR = .
! ! b
2 7 −→ −→
= − P R = 2P Q
9 −3
! −→ −→ −→
−5 OR − OP = 2P Q
=
12 ! ! !
q √ a 7 −5
−→ − =2
∴ |P Q| = (5)2 + 122 = 169 = 13
−→ b −3 12
(a) the unit vector in the direction of P Q ! ! !
a −10 7
−→ = +
PQ b 24 −3
= −→ ! !
|P Q| a −3
! =
−5 b 21
1
= !
13 12
  −→ −3
5 ∴ OR =
 − 13  21
=  12 
13

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14.(b) A rectangular box has a square base of side x cm. If the sum of one side of the square and
its height is 15 cm, express the volume of the box in terms of x. Use this expression to
determine the maximum volume of the box.
Solution
By the problem,

x + h = 15

h = 15 − x

Let the volume of the box be V .

∴ V = x2 h

= x2 (15 − x)

= 15x2 − x3

dV
= 30x − 3x2 = 3x (10 − x)
dx
dV
= 0 when 3x (10 − x) = 0
dx
Since x 6= 0,

10 − x = 0

x = 10

d2 V
= 30 − 6x
dx2
= 3 (10 − 2x)

d2 V 
= 3 (10 − 20) = −30 < 0
dx2 x=10
V is maximum when x = 10.

The maximum volume of the box = 102 (15 − 10) = 500 cm3 .

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