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Adaptation and Mitigation of

Climate Change in Indonesia

Sri Tantri A
Assistant Deputy for Climate Change Adaptation
Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia

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Pictures of coastal cities in Indonesia

Area: 1.910.931 km2 (total);
1.811.569 km2 (land) and 93.000 km2 (water, 4.88%), coastline + 81.000 km

Country’’s C
Country Capital
apital and most of the provincial-
provincial-capitals: coastal areas.
Population (2011 census): 237.424.363, 65% populated in coastal areas.
Climate: affected by monsoon Asia-
Asia-Australia.
Australia.

World Bank Study: South East Asia/Indonesia is vulnerable to climate change

• Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang (Java) • Padang, Bandar
• Medan, Palembang (Sumatera) Lampung, Pekanbaru, Batam
By 2025 it is estimated that about 65% of (Sumatera)
• Makassar (Sulawesi). Indonesia’’s population or 180 million people will
Indonesia
• Banjarmasin,Samarinda, and
occupy urban areas, primarily in 10 metropolitan and Pontianak (Kalimantan)
13 large cities. • Denpasar (Bali)
METROPOLITAN CITIES LARGE CITIES

Recent Studies: Fact Findings

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Disaster in Indonesia (2010)

18,000,000
Natural Disasters in
Economic Damage (000 USD)

16,000,000
14,000,000
Indonesia (1907-2007) 12,000,000 Economic lost up to 18 billion
10,000,000 USD
8,000,000
6,000,000
• The Top 10 natural 4,000,000

disasters occurred in the 2,000,000

0
period of 1907-2007 were Sep-97 26- 27- 31-Jan- 9-Feb- 27-Jan- Feb-98 29- 14-Jul- 16-
Dec-04 May-06 07 96 02 Nov-98 76 Feb-94
mostly climate related Wild Wave/ Earth Flood Wild Earthquake
disasters, i.e. flood, Fires Surge quake Fires

drought, fires

• Most of them occurred 4,000,000

recently (1990s) indicating 3,500,000
Number of People Affected

that the intensity and 3,000,000 No. of people affected up to 3.5

million
frequency of extreme 2,500,000

climate events increased in 2,000,000

1,500,000
the recent climate 1,000,000

500,000

0
1972 27- Oct-94 Sep-97 23- 9-Feb- 26- 14- 27-Jan- 1-Jan-
May-06 Dec-06 96 Dec-04 Mar-66 02 86

Source: The OFDA/CRED International Drought Earth Wild Drought Flood Wave / Flood Epi-
quake Fires Surge demic
Disaster Database (2007)

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Example: Impact of SLR on North Jakarta in 2050

SLR: 0.25 cm/year no land subsidence SLR: 0.25 cm/year with land subsidence

SLR: 0.57 cm/year no land subsidence SLR: 0.57 cm/year with land subsidence

SLR: 1.00 cm/year no land subsidence SLR: 1.00 cm/year with land subsidence

Source: Pusat Pengembangan Kawasan Pesisir Dan Laut ITB, 2007

Environmental Policies related to climate

change
Climate change implementation framework and regulations

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National Climate Change Implementation Framework

Vulnerability, adapt Planning and

ation capacity Sustainable Use
assessment PPLH: RPPLH Act 32/2009 - Article 3 :
Policy Approach
protect territory of the
country from pollution and/or
Control: SEIMA,
environmental damage,
threshold, Degrad
ensure health and safety of
ation, Pollution
human life, survival of living
organism and sustainability of
ecosystems, maintain
environmental functions,
Awareness,
harmony and balance of
Community Independency,
Programs: environment, achieve
Participation Leadership
ProKlim, sustainable development,
Approach anticipation of global issues
(Adaptation+ Kalpataru,
Culture and Adipura
Mitigation) Traditional
Wisdom

Climate Change: Regulation Development Progress

1994: 2007:
Act No.6 regarding UNFCCC National Action Plan on Climate
Ratification Change (RAN-PI)

2009:
Act No.32 on Environmental 2010:
Protection and Management
Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral
National 5 year Mid-Term Road Map (ICCSR)
Development Plan /RPJMN 2010-
2014

2011:
Presidential Decree No. 71
regarding NAP on GHG Reduction
Presidential Decree No. 71/2011
regarding GHG Inventory
2013:
National Action Plan on Climate
Change Adaptation (on going
process, coordinated by Bappenas)
and Draft of Government Regulation
for Climate Change Impact Control

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• “I n o r d e r t o
anticipate climate
PRIORITY #9 – c h a n g e , Environmental
THE conservation will be utilized
ENVIRONMENT to support economy growth
& sustainable welfare which
& DISASTER is complemented by
MANAGEMENT management and mastering
of disaster risk”

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CC-related policies stated in Act No. 32/2009

Act No. 32/2009: Environmental Protection and Management

Implemented and coordinated by the Minister for Environment

Article 15 (2 ):
Government shall
conduct Strategic Article 21 (2 ):
Environmental standard criteria for
Art 57 (4): Env.
Art 10: Formulation Assessment (SEA) environmental
Preservation through
ofEnv. Protection damage caused by preservation Art 63: Conducting
Article 16 (e): SEA
and Management climate GHG inventory is
consists of i.a. the mesures of
Plan change, which shall one of the duties of
level of vulnerability atmospheric
(RPPLH), climate be based on certain Central, Provincial,
and adaptive function, climate
change adaptation capacity to climate parameters, i.a.: Municipal/ Regency
change adaptation
and mitigation shall temperature Governments
change. and mitigation shall
be included. rising, sea level
The development of be included.
rise, [tropical] storm
policies, plans, and/o and/or drought.
r program shall refer
to the result of SEA.

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Program and Activities related to CC

1. National GHG Inventory System (SIGN)
2. Indonesia Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-Indonesia)
3. Development of National MRV System
4. Adaptation Climate Change Vunerable Assesment
5. System Inventory Vunerable Index (SIVI)
6. The Climate Village Program (ProKlim)

NATIONAL GHG
INVENTORY SYSTEM
SISTEM INVENTARISASI GRK
NASIONAL (SIGN)

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Implementation Scheme of GHG Inventory at Local Level

Indonesia Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Steering and making
decisions to Working Group Pleno
on scientific needs related to Sekretariat
climate change, particularly Steering Committee
when strategic guidance and
decisions are required.

Working Groups
categorized based on
specific issues, and can Energy Food Security Forestry Marine
be expanded if necessary Working Working Working Working
Group Group Group Group
aligned with the current
issues.

Consist of representatives
from the line
ministries, scientists, and
universities, which will be
clustered by their
expertise.

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“Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments and supportive Policies at

national and sub-national Levels”

South Sumatra (Sumatra) Malang Raya (East Java) Tarakan (East Kalimantan)

• Estimates the Risk of Climate Change on the Agricultural, Coastal, Health and Water Sectors in
Tarakan, South Sumatra and Malang Raya to formulate and mainstream adaptation options into
development and spatial planning.
• Lessons from the pilots are drawn and used to improve national framework conditions for local level
adaptation (supportive regulatory framework)
• Above are an example of a Dengue (DHF) Risk Map for 2020-
2020-2030. The urban centres, especially in
Tarakan, are expected to be particularly affected

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Climate change adaptation and mitigation in local level

Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim
ProKlim))
- Climate Village Program -
ProKlim
• is a program to recognize active participation of local communities in implementing climate
change adaptation and mitigation actions, which contributes to the achievement of national
green house gas reduction target and increases the community resilience to the climate
change impact.

The Component of ProKlim

Local Community and
Activities (60%) Sustainability Aspects (40%)

Adaptation Related to proponents who are

conducting the activities

Mitigation Ensure the sustainability of

activities

ProKlim covers a minimum area of a village or small community called “dusun”, “Rukun Warga (RW)” up to
desa or kelurahan, depends on the local nomenclature.

ProKlim 2012 -2013

• 71 locations from 15 provinces
nominated by local
government (districts,
municipalities), university,
NGOs, individual, private
sectors
7 locations
awarded Trophy by The
Minister of Environment

• 180 locations from 14

provinces nominated
4
location awarded Trophy

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ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

National • Proklim and its implementation as

Adaptation input for the development of NAPs
Plans related to developing countries’
action and its role for policy
(NAPs) development.
Adaptation
Component
• Proklim as an input for
strengthening adaptation actions, in Cancun
particular “Adaptation planning Adaptation
Nairobi Work and practice” at local-level.
Programme • Its implementation could be Framework
(NWP) submitted as a part of NWP, related
to concrete actions on adaptation
(CAF)
ProKlim which will be potentially supported
by developed countries.

• The implementation of ProKlim

Loss and draws vulnerability in the area and
will play an important role for
Damage baseline-setting in terms of
(LnD) insurance mechanism for the losses
and damages caused by the climate
change.

ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

Identification of National issues Global issues

potential / activity
climate change
mitigation by
bottom-up • Local contribution in
approach meeting the national
target of 26%
emission reduction Plays an important
ProKlim Increase (Presidential Decree role as a part of
awareness and No. 61/2012) national
encourage communication
community • As an initiation for
participation data collection of (NATCOM)*)
(NATCOM) *) and
National GHG-
GHG- Biennial update
inventory Report (BUR) **)
Mitigation Strengthen
capacity of local (Presidential Decree
Component
government to No. 71/2012)
carry out
adaptation and
mitigation of
climate change *) Chapter 2 (National
(National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and
removal by Sinks)
Sinks) dan 5 ((Measures
Measures to mitigate climate change
change))
**) Chapter 2 (National
(National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and
removal by Sinks)
Sinks) dan 3 ((Mitigation
Mitigation actions and their effects, including
associated methodologies and assumptions)
assumptions)

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Local Actions

Mangrove plantation…and alternative incomes for local

Traditional housing Bench terraces (terasering)
community

Vector management Innovated well-

well-system in a dry area
Micro--hydro
Micro

Water harvesting Revegetation Sea wall or other construction for anticipating sea level rise

Impementation of Vulnerability and Adaptation Asessment

LOCATION STATUS FOLLOW UP

Assessment
Implementation
completed and
Lombok (Meso) Down-scaling
integrated to Medium
Social economic aspect
Term Local Planning
South Sumatera (Meso)

Tarakan (Mikro) Finalize asessment Integration to

Integration to local program/activities of relevant
Malang Raya (Kota Malang, Kota program/activties Ministry/Insititution
Batu, Kab. Malang)
watershed
approach
Watershed Citarum (Kab Bandung, Analysis vurnerability Pilot project, guidance,
Kota Bandung, Kota Cimahi, Kab. and risks of climate integration of climate change
Bandung Barat, Kab. Purwakarta, change impacts and aspect with watershed
Kab. Karawang , Kab. Bekasi) adaptation measures management

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Thank you….
…

Email: adaptation.moe.id@gmail.com
Ph/Fax. +62 21 8590 4934

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