Aspect of Personality

Chapter 2
 Physical Aspect
Hereditary, which is known as the transmission of genetic
characteristics of parents to offspring, greatly contributes to
one's physiological attributes.
Environment is a place where a person’s acquired raw
knowledge could be develop.
 Intellectual Aspect
Hereditary also allows for the genetic transmission of the
parents’ intellect to their children.
Environment cultivated whatever intellectual capacity
individual has.
 Moral Aspect
While hereditary may be a factor in many of the aspects that
develop personality, character formation is mainly influenced by
one’s environment. The moral aspect of personality
development focuses on the knowledge of what is right and
what is wrong.
 Temperamental Aspect
“Parehong-pareho kayo ng ama/ina mo.” This is a common
expression parents say whenever their children manifest one of
their wife/husband’s temperament. How is it made possible?
Heredity plays a role in this aspect of personality.
Environmental has great effect on one’s emotional maturity.
 Social Aspect
“Tell me who your friends are and I’ll tell you who you are.”
this statement has been widely accepted as true.
While heredity undoubtedly has great influence on many
aspects of personality development, this one aspect where
heredity does not have any singular impact on.
An an individual grows old, his ability to deal with other
people develops along with him/her.
Theories of Personality Development

Chapter 3
 Stages of Development Types
• Quantitative development. quantity comes from the Latin
word “quantus” which means how large. In this regard, how
large pertain to numbers.
• Qualitative Development. Quality comes form the Latin word
“quails” which means such kind. Under this topic, it pertains to
one’s maturity.
 Quantitative Stages of Development
Physiological Development is known as the biological
development of humans. This involves the physical attributes of
an individual as he/she grows and matures chronologically.
 Physiological Stages of Development
• Beginning of Life. Life begins as soon as male sex cell, the
spermatozoa (singular: spermatozoon), which are produced by
the testes (male gonads) and a female sex cell, the ova (singular:
ovum), which are produced by the ovaries (female gonads) unite.
• Baby hood. According to various dictionaries, babyhood is the
beginning or the early period of existence as an individual. This
stage usually covers, the first two years of one’s life.
- Critical phase of developing personality. Infancy is known as
the time of true foundation of age. While it is true that other
stages of development are also critical, infancy is known to
be the most critical phase of developing personality.
• Childhood. This is the stage where a lot of people think that
childhood is the longest among all the stages of development.
- Early childhood. The child is in this stage when he/she is
around three to six years of age. The child in this stage has
somehow developed his/her personality and unconsciously
acquires more through the help of those people with whom
he/she show some interest.
- Late childhood. The child in this stage when he/she is
within the age of seven to thirteen. This stage of
development shows the kids in earnest interest with their
peers.
• Adolescence. This stage start at a time a person reaches the
age of fourteen to seventeen. This stage is considered as a
transitional stage where a person becomes physically,
emotionally, and psychologically mature, yet immature still in a
lot of ways.
• Adult. This is the longest stage among all the stages. It is
composed of three stages, namely: early adulthood, middle
adulthood or “middle age” and late adulthood or “senescent.”
- Early Adulthood. This stage extends from the time a person
enters the sate of eighteen till forty. This is the stage where
people settle down and reproduce.
- Middle Age. This stage extends from the time a person
reaches the age of forty-one to fifty-nine. This stage is very
critical to self evaluation whereby people in this stage realize
their achievement and boredom.
- Senescent. This stage covers the time a person reaches the
age of sixty to death. This is the stage where physiological and
psychological changes lead to poor adjustments and
unhappiness resulting to disengagement in social gathering.
 Qualitative Stages of Development
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development.
• Sensorimotor stage. This cognitive stage starts from birth to
second year of individual’s life. This is the stage where an infant
medium of learning in through senses.
• Preoperational Stage. This cognitive stage covers second to
seventh year of one’s. In this stage, the children get increased
intellectual abilities and motor coordination.
• Concrete Operational Stage. The child is at this stage when
he/she reaches the age of seven to eleven. This is the time where
learning widens, children start to enter school and ambiguous or
tenuous concepts during childhood become specific and concrete.
• Formal Operational Stage. The individual is at this stage when
he/she reaches the stage ranging from eleven to the time
before death. This is the stage where people have reached the
stage of intellectual development where they are fully capable
to solve certain problem and can reason on the basis of
hypothesis or proposition.
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning
• Preconventional Morality. Moral development at this level is very low
since children at this phase are not fully developed when it comes to
their intellectual abilities.
• Conventional Morality. This level is also known as the morality of
conventional rules and conformity. This level is composed of two
stages namely: the good boy/good girl orientation and the authority
orientation. In the good boy/good girl orientation, children conform
to the rules just to win the approval of others and maintain
harmonious relationship. In the authority orientation, children
conform to laws set by the authorities because they are socially
accepted and followed to avoid social disapproval and censure.
• Postconventional Morality. This is the third level of moral
development where an individual establishes self-imposed
principle.
Erick Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
• As a child grows, his/her environment widens.
• In the latter part of childhood, he/she begins to search for his/her identify.
• By the time early adulthood stage sets in, “ intimacy” or “isolation” begins
where man and woman feel the need for a companion or someone to be with.
• By the time an individual reaches middle age, which is known as the time of
achievement, Erikson (1982) said that people would either enter
“generativity” – the tendency to produce, or “stagnation” – the tendency to
stand still.
• Whatever an individual learn during his/her middle age, he/he will bring until
old age for the lessons become the guiding virtue to weather a person will
exude respect and integrity or despair or regret in old age.
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
• Oral phase. This is the first sage of psychosexual development
of Freud’s stage of development. It describes the child’s
development during the first eighteen months of life. It is
called the oral phase as it describes that an infant’s pleasure
centers in the mouth.
• Anal phase. The next stage of this type of development is
centered around the rectum, but can also include bladder
function.
• Phallic phase. At three to six years of age, the sexual energy to shift from
anal region to the genital region. At this phase, according to Freud’s stages
of development, the Oedipus or Electra complex develop. The Oedipus is
the central psychoanalytic dynamic in this period for men; the Electra
complex for woman.
Oedipus complex, according to Freud, refers to the young boy who falls
In love with his mother and wishes that his father was not in the way of his
love. Electra complex, which are not really coined by Freud but by Jung, was
somehow explained by Freud, referring to young girl sexual desire, after
they come to realization that they have no penis, begin to blame the
mother for having taken it, and look to the father as a substitute for the loss
that they perceive. This is usually termed “penis envy” which had been
greatly criticized in both gender and feminist theories.
• Latency phase. In this phase, the child begins to make
connection to siblings, other children, and adult.
• Genital phase. Once puberty starts, the genital stage
commences, allowing the child to develop opposite sex
relationships with the libidinal energy again focus on genital
area.