ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE-OLONGAPO INC.

OLONGAPO CITY
HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION
(CLJ2)

GROUP 8
By
Layug, Lorence Jade
Obaga, Leo Andre
Duave, Svenson S.

A
Reflection Paper Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in
Criminal Law 1 for ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE INC. OLONGAPO CITY

October 16,2020
Aristotle Politics
 In the video, it discusses the political philosophy of Aristotle, the city (polis) as
opposed to other types of communities and; partnerships such as the household. The
highest form of community is the city (polis). For Aristotle, the study of politics includes
the type of government, the politicians or statesmen and the citizens. He discusses
also, that there are six different types of government: The Monarchy, Aristocracy, Polity,
Democracy, Oligarchy and the tyranny. He discusses all of those of course, to know
more about politics and to know the different types of government. He discusses also
the Political leaders, what they need, to be a good statesman and to have a good
constitution. In this video, we able to gain more knowledge about politics, especially the
politics that involves factions because it explains the desire of factions, the desire of the
lesser to be equal and the desire to be equal to for the greater. in sum up, the video is
all about the different kinds of politics and its involvement in individual, in community
and how to be a good leader and how to have a good constitution that have democracy.
Aristotle says a good constitution is aimed at the common good.

The Social Contract

Thomas Hobbes, born in 1588, was an English philosopher best known for his
political philosophy displayed in his literary treasure, Leviathan. Known as one of the
founders of modern political philosophy, Hobbes has made a great impact on ethics
today. One of his greatest accomplishments being the theory of contractarianism,
otherwise known as the modern social contract theory. While this originated as a
political theory, it later became a moral theory. “Its view of morality stems directly from
that political ideal: actions are morally right just because they are permitted by rules that
free, equal, and rational people would agree to live by, on the condition that others obey
these rules as well” (The Fundamentals of Ethics 196). For an action to be correct, you
must first find a free, equal, and rational person, and then you can determine if the
action is right or wrong based on if the person has completed the action. If they have,
the action is morally right, and if they have not, the action is considered morally wrong.
Hobbes defends the claim that it is never rational to act unjustly. Social contract is a
contract agreement creating obligations enforced by law. 1. Organized society is
brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or
the regulate the relations among its members. 2. An agreement for mutual benefit
between individual and the community, Thomas Hobbes creates a clear idea of the
social contract theory in which the social contract is a collective agreement where
everyone in the state of nature comes together and sacrifices all their liberty in return to
security. Some social contract theorists reasoned, however, that in the natural state only
the strongest could benefit from their rights. Thus, people form an implicit social
contract, ceding their natural rights to the authority to protect the people from abuse,
and living henceforth under the legal rights of that authority.
John Locke
John Locke (1632–1704) is among the most influential political philosophers of
the modern period.in the video, it arouses me about his work of Two Treatises of
Government because for me, it’s like the same of our “Bill of rights”. John Locke
defended the claim that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had
made all people naturally subject to a monarch. He argued that people have rights, such
as the right to life, liberty, and property, that have a foundation independent of the laws
of any particular society. Locke used the claim that men are naturally free and equal as
part of the justification for understanding legitimate political government as the result of
a social contract where people in the state of nature conditionally transfer some of their
rights to the government in order to better ensure the stable, comfortable enjoyment of
their lives, liberty, and property. Since governments exist by the consent of the people in
order to protect the rights of the people and promote the public good, governments that
fail to do so can be resisted and replaced with new governments. Locke is thus also
important for his defense of the right of revolution. Locke also defends the principle of
majority rule and the separation of legislative and executive powers. The video, is all
about how John Locke defended the natural rights of people and influence peoples
about the rights of men. In his work we able to broaden our knowledge about the natural
rights of the people and how the government should act in rights of the people, like,
John Locke said, Duty of the government to protect the rights of the people

The Rights of Man

French Revolution took place in the late eighteenth century, a myriad of texts and
writing appeared in response to the violence and political upheaval. Among some of the
most notable and compelling writers were Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine, and Mary
Wollstonecraft. Their opinions and rhetoric, encompassing everything from the
monarchial system to class and gender issues, are still drawn upon today when
discussions arise about the origins of modern political thought. Each of them carries a
particular set of beliefs about revolution and its proper place and function in society. The
diversity of their ideas can be bridged by the theory that all humans are entitled to
certain natural rights. However, their individual interpretations concerning the origin of
the natural rights of man contrast, and they disagree on the best ways to recognize and
protect these rights. These three writers work to recognize the inadequacies within the
political systems of Britain and America as they concerned the natural rights of man.
Burke, Paine, and Wollstonecraft derive meaning by examining different events and
circumstances. Their commonality of believing in something is what is most powerful,
and it allows them to help facilitate revolution in their own diverse ways. Using the same
ideas about natural rights and personal liberties today, we enable ourselves to
historicize the present as it relates to the past and draw upon similar arguments in order
to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles that make up twenty-first
century politics
Understand the Declaration of Independence
In the video, The Declaration of Independence was designed for multiple
audiences: The King, the colonists, and the world. It was also designed to multitask. Its
goals were to rally the troops, win foreign allies, and to announce the creation of a new
country. The introductory sentence states the Declaration’s main purpose, to explain the
colonists’ right to revolution. In other words, “to declare the causes which impel them to
the separation.” Congress had to prove the legitimacy of its cause. It had just defied the
most powerful nation on Earth. It needed to motivate foreign allies to join the fight.
These are the lines contemporary Americans know best: “We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of
happiness.” These stirring words were designed to convince Americans to put their lives
on the line for the cause. Separation from the mother country threatened their sense of
security, economic stability, and identity. The preamble sought to inspire and unite them
through the vision of a better life. In the video they explain the five profound principles
that lay the foundation for their opposition in tyranny, 1. all men are created equal, 2.
Our rights come from god, 3. Every individual has the god- given right to live, in freedom
and the own property, 4. The purpose of the government is to protect our God given
rights and last, 5. When government fails to protect our rights, we have the
responsibility to institute new government. Watching the video, able us student to
deepen the understanding in our rights and responsibility of every individual and
government or constitution.