UNIT 1____________________________________________________________________________________

Whoever said money can't buy happiness

simply didn't know where to go shopping.

Bo Derek

KINDS OF SHOPPING
Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about it. Find some more
quotations about shopping.

Activity 2. Read the words and word combinations with their translation. Learn them.

1. to do one‘s shopping 1. робити покупки

2. can afford 2. може бути спроможним
3. price 3. ціна, вартість
4. goods 4. товари
5. some profits 5. певні прибутки
6. purchase 6. покупка
7. variety of tactics 7. різноманітні тактики
8. store 8. магазин
9. quality 9. якість
10. department store 10. універмаг
11. grocery 11. продуктовий магазин
12. bakery 12. магазин випічки
13. butchery 13. м‘ясний магазин
14. convenient 14. зручний
15. ready-made clothes 15. готовий одяг
16. drapery 16. драпірування
17. electric appliance 17. електроприлади
18. canned 18. консервований
19. dairy food 19. молочні продукти
20. facial tissue 20. косметичні серветки, носовичок
21. toiletries 21. предмети туалету
22. poultry 22. птиця (м‘ясо)
23. what not 23. і все інше
24. to call round 24. заглянути
25. greeting cards 25. вітальні листівки
26. strong drinks 26. алкогольні напої
27. to deliver 27. доставляти
28. a seller 28. продавець

Activity 3. Divide the words given above in three columns according to their meaning.

Actions and statements Shop departments Goods

about shopping

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Activity 4. Find the words in the square. Make up sentences with each of them.

p o u l t r y v g s e l l e r
e l r k o d k r v r d s c c s
q u a l i t y m e s e f l f e
n f l e l r e r d r l m o d u
k e s d e m s f s n i f t f e
e s r l t i s s u e v d h i n
n r p u r c h a i s e f e e u
k y h n i u g f n u r d s r e
d r a p e r y l k e i e f u n
t s y n s m k f l p r o f i t
b a k e r y e k f y u f f i e
r e r m f i n c a n n e d r n
n g e d f n f s n u f f s i s
s t r o n g d r i n k s y r d
d e r d m r r n k r m k r e t

Activity 5. a) Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words and word combinations
from the box in a proper Tense form;

b) Define the Tense forms and parse the sentences.

to do one‘s shopping, can afford, variety of tactics, department store, quality,

convenient, canned, what not, to call round, to deliver

1. They ___________________ today and now their fridge is full.

2. Has she already packed her bag? – No, she‘s been still doing that. What is she looking for now? –
Napkins, toiletries, facial tissues and _________________.
3. I want to buy a sofa of a better _____________________, but now I‘m going to buy the one I
________________________ to pay, because I want to ask the shop assistant
______________________ it at my place. It costs much.
4. Our friend used _______________________________ to make us go with him to the cinema.
5. I‘m not going to stay here for long, I‘ve just _____________________________.
6. It‘s not ________________________ to take ________________ meat with us to have supper at the
lake. It‘s very difficult to open.

Activity 6. a) Read the text, write out the words in bold type and make up a crammed
story with them;

b) Translate the text.

Shopping is a process when buyer looks for a seller who is offering

something the buyer wants or needs at a price the buyer can afford to pay.
Sellers often advertise their goods in newspapers, on the radio or TV, on
posters etc. Sellers use a variety of tactics to make buyers to purchase
from them at a price which leaves some profit.
Shopping is a part of our daily life. And we have to deal with it
whether we like it or not. There are people who hate going shopping.
So they make a list of what they need and run through stores to buy
the needed things. Sometimes they even don't care about the price.
And there are people who go from store to store to find goods of a
better quality and a lower price. Those don't worry about the time they
spend shopping.
When we want to buy something we go to a shop. There are
many kinds of shops in every town or city, but most of them have a

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food supermarket, a department store, men’s and women’s clothing stores, a grocery, a bakery and a
butchery. Many people like to do their shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell
various goods under one roof and this is very convenient. A department store, for example, true to its
name, is composed of many departments: ready-made clothes, drapery, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and
glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, records, etc. You can buy
everything you like there. There are also escalators in big stores
which take customers to different floors. The things for sale are on
the counters to be easily seen.
Supermarkets are primarily food stores which carry all kinds
of food: fresh, frozen and canned meat, fish, vegetables and fruit
as well as dairy foods and bread. They also carry a small selection
of pots and pans for cooking, baby clothes and supplies, towels,
paper products such as facial tissue, paper napkins and toilet
paper, soaps and cleaners of all kinds, toiletries, etc. In
supermarkets the customer serves himself and pays the cashier on
leaving the store.
In the women's clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful
underwear and many other things. In the men’s clothing department you can choose suits, trousers,
overcoats, ties, etc. In the knitwear department one can buy sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-
sleeved pullovers, woolen jackets. In the perfumery they sell face cream and powder, lipstick, lotions and
shampoos.
In a food supermarket we can also buy many different
things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereals, and
tea. At the butcher’s there is a wide choice of meat and poultry.
At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls, and biscuits.
Another shop we frequently go to is the greengrocery which is
stocked by cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots,
beetroots, green peas and what not. Everything is sold here
ready-weighed and packed. If you call round at a dairy you can
buy milk, cream, cheese, butter and many other products.
Drugstores, or pharmacies, sell many things besides medical
drugs. All of them carry common medicines such as aspirin and cold remedies. Camera equipment,
cosmetics, magazines, candy and greeting cards are also available. Some drugstores are open on Sunday.
The majority of the grocery, dress, shoe, jewelry, drug and book stores in town are small independent
stores owned and operated by local businessmen. They will give you more personal attention and many will
deliver your purchase to your home.
The methods of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shops or the shops where the shop-
assistant helps the customer to find what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the
change.
But there is a very good service called Internet Market. It really helps you to save your time and to get
goods of high quality. You have just to look through the Internet catalogue, choose the things you like, order
them and wait a little to get them.

Activity 7. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you go shopping?

2. What kinds of shops do you know?
3. Do you make a list before to go shopping? Why?
4. What shops in our city do you like to go to? Why?
5. What store departments do you know?
6. What can you buy at bakery/ grocery/ greengrocery/ butchery?
7. What is the difference between a supermarket and a department store?
8. What are the methods of shopping?
9. What is the Internet Market?
10. Have you ever ordered anything using Internet method? Why?
11. What kinds of shopping do you prefer?

Activity 8. Make the plan to the text “Shopping” and retell it according to your plan.

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Activity 9. Write down the names of each department under the pictures. Tell what
goods we can find in each of them.

furniture department ready-made clothes store

household appliances
women’s clothing store electric appliances
china and glass store
cosmetics store jewelry store
men’s clothing store

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

______________________ ____________________ ___________________

Activity 10. Look through the given goods. Fill in the table with thess words according
to the departments.

Goods
Ready-made clothes, drapery, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, fresh, frozen
and canned meat, baby clothes, towels facial tissue, paper napkins and toilet paper, soaps, cleaners of all
kinds, toiletries, dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful underwear suits, trousers, overcoats,
ties, sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-sleeved pullovers, woolen jackets, powder, lipstick,
lotions and shampoos, sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereals, and tea, poultry, rolls, biscuits,
cakes, cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, beetroots, green peas milk, cream, cheese, butter,
medical drugs, camera equipment, magazines, greeting cards, water, strong drinks.

Departments:
1. Men’s clothing store; 4. Grocery; 7. Supermarket ;
2. Women’s clothing store; 5. Bakery; 8. Dairy;
3. Perfume department; 6. Butchery; 9. Drugstore.

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Activity 11. Choose the right variant.

1. At the perfumery department women can buy:

a) linen cloth; b) a fur hat; c) a mascara; d) a cassette.
2. For winter women usually buy:
a) a bathing suit; b) a suede jacket; c) an apron; d) a fur coat.
3. When one wants to try something on he goes to the:
a) fitting room; b) bathroom; c) dining-car; d) closet.
4. You have been invited to the birthday party and, of course, you want to look elegant. So you buy:
a) a light summer dress; b) a swimming suit; c) pajamas; d) a dinner jacket.
5. You are going to the picnic with your friends. What kind of shop will you go to, to buy meat for
barbecue?
a) a drugstore; b) a butchery; c) a bakery; d) a greengrocery.
6. It is raining cats and dogs, but you must go out. You have nothing to do but put on:
a) a T-shirt; b) shorts; c) a raincoat; d) a swimsuit.

Activity 12. a) Translate the sentences into English and comment on the tenses;
b) Rewrite them in Passive if possible.

1. Аптеки продають багато різних товарів, окрім ліків.

2. Перед тим, як до нас прийшли друзі, ми пішли у пекарню і купили смачних тістечок.
3. Продавці не продають алкогольні напої школярам.
4. Вчора протягом трьох годин ми вибирали порцеляну у новому відділі нашого універмагу.
5. Я люблю магазини самообслуговування, бо продавці відволікають (distract) мене. Мені
подобається вибирати товари самостійно. Я просто плачу гроші касиру за товар, а він дає мені здачу.
6. Ті речі, які ми купили минулого року замалі, щоб підійти нашому братику, бо він сильно підріс.
7. Коли Неллі прийшла у відділ косметики, адміністратор (менеджер) закривав його на обідню
перерву.
8. Я вже протягом тижня шукаю хороший овочевий магазин.
9. Сем випробував багато способів перед тим, як зрозумів як правильно зробити покупку через
інтернет.
10. - Ти купила новий диван?
- Так! Він чудовий! Дуже пасує до цих штор, тобі не здається?
- Ти права. Але ж він такий великий! Як ти його привезла додому?
- Я лише вибрала його у відділі меблів, а робітники доставили його додому через два дні після
покупки.
- Це дуже зручно. Де знаходиться цей магазин?
- В універмазі у центрі міста на першому поверсі.
- Дякую, обов‘язково відвідаю його завтра.

Activity 13. Match the given Ukrainian words with their English equivalents.

1. cash a) кредитна картка

2. cheque (check) b) повернення, відшкодування
3. credit card c) обмін, обмінювати, розмінювати (гроші)
4. exchange d) чек
5. return e) покупка
6. price tag f) розпродаж по зниженим цінам
7. advertisement (ad) g) готівка
8. purchase h) ярлик
9. sale i) старий, той, що був у використанні
10. used j) знижка
11. pay for k) реклама, рекламне оголошення
12. label l) цінник
13. discount m) оплачувати

Activity 14. a) Read and translate the dialogues, intone them;

b) Act the dialogues out.

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 IN A DEPARTMENT STORE
Dialogue 1
Liz: Hello, may I help you?
Mary: Yes, please. I‘m looking for a cotton shirt.
Liz : What colour would you like?
Mary: Blue, please.
Liz: What size are you?
Mary: I‘m medium.
Liz: How about this one?
Mary: Yes, it‘s nice. Can I try it on?
Liz: Certainly, the dressing rooms are over there.
Mary: Thank you.
Liz: How does it fit?
Mary: It‘s just perfect. I‘ll take it. How much is it?
Liz: 30 €. How would you like to pay?
Mary: Do you take credit cards or should I pay in cash?
Liz: Credit card is OK. Do you have a discount in our shop?
Mary: No, I don‘t. So, here is my Visa.
Liz: Thank you for the purchase.
Mary: Could you give me the check, please. I want to keep it in to show in case of return.
Liz: Yes, for sure. Here you are, please.
Dialogue 2
Salesperson: Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, I'm looking for something to wear to a formal party.
Salesperson: What size do you wear, ma'am?
Customer: Medium, an eight or a ten.
Salesperson: Let me show you what we have. This dress is very beautiful. It's the latest fashion from Paris.
And here's a plaid jacket that matches.
Customer: Plaid? No way! What about this skirt here?
Salesperson: Good choice. It's made of pure silk. This silk blouse would go with it very well.
Customer: Let me try it on. Where's the dressing room?
Salesperson: Right over here.
Customer: Thanks.
(A little later.)
Salesperson: Ah, you look wonderful.
Customer: Really? Isn't the skirt a bit too long?
Salesperson: We can always make it shorter.
Customer: That's true. How much is it?
Salesperson: Let‘s have a look at the price tag. The skirt is $125. And the blouse is on sale, for only $69.
Customer: only $69? Isn‘t it used?
Salesperson: Oh, no! Of course not! Just a holiday sale.
Customer: OK! I'll take them. But I don‘t have dollars, only Euros. Do you take them?
Salesperson: No, sorry, but you can exchange them at the bank department right in front of our shop.
Customer: Wait a second then, I‘ll be back soon.

Activity 15. Put the phrases in the correct order, read and translate the dialogue.

IN A JEWELRY STORE

___ Harry: I‘m trying to find a Christmas present for my wife.

___ Salesclerk: It‘s a diamond. And it‘s only € 5,000!
___ Harry: Yes, I like that one. What kind of stone is that?
___ Salesclerk: Yes, of course. What are you looking for?
___ Harry: No, I bought a bracelet for our anniversary.
___ Salesclerk: Maybe a ring, then. These rings are made of gold.
___ Harry: Can you help me?
___ Salesclerk: Sure. I‘ll show you some bracelets.
___ Harry: OK. I take it. Thanks.

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 Activity 16. Make up your own dialogues on the following topics.
 at a food supermarket;
 at the grocery;
 at the drug store;
 at the department store;
 at the bakery.

Activity 17. a) Read the text, write out the underlined words and word combinations
translate and learn them; b) Find the Passive Voice structures in this text, write them
out and explain your choice.

KNOW YOUR RIGHTS

To complain about faulty goods or bad service is never easy. Most
people dislike to make a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is
important to know your rights. The following extract is taken from a
leaflet produced by the British "Office of Fair Trading", and it gives
advice to consumers.

YOUR RIGHTS WHEN BUYING GOODS

When you buy something from a shop, you are making a contract. This contract means that it's up to the
shop — not the manufacturer — to deal with your complaints if the goods are not satisfactory. What do we
mean by satisfactory?
The goods must not be broken or damaged and must work
properly. This is known as "merchantable quality". A sheet which had
a tear in it, or a clock that didn't go when you wound it would not pass
this test.
The goods must be as described — whether on the pack or by the
salesman. A hairdryer which the box says is blue should not turn out to
be pink; a pair of shoes the salesman says is leather should not be plastic.
The goods should be fit for their purpose. This means the purpose for which most people buy those
particular goods. If you wanted something for a special purpose, you must have said exactly what for. If, for
instance, the shop assures you that a certain glue will mend broken china, and it doesn't you have a right to
return it.
If the shop sells you faulty goods, it has broken its side of the bargain.

IF THINGS GO WRONG
If goods are faulty when you first inspect or use them, go
back to the shop, say that you cancel the purchase and ask for a
complete refund. If you prefer, you can accept a repair or a
replacement.
If goods break down through no fault of yours, after you
have used them for a time, you may still be entitled to some
compensation. In some cases it would be reasonable to expect a
complete refund — if, for instance, without misuse your shoes
came apart after only one day's wear, or your washing machine irreparably broke down after only three wash
days. But if your washing machine worked perfectly for a while and then broke, you could only - expect
some of the purchase price back. You and the supplier must negotiate a reasonable settlement.
You need never accept a credit note for fault goods. If you do so, and later find you do not want
anything else in the shop or store, you may not get your money back.
If you have to spend money as a direct result of goods which are faulty, you can also claim this from the
zero. You could, for example, claim the cost of using a laundry while the washing machine wasn't working.
But you must kеер such expenses down to a minimum.

7
 There are four golden rules:

1. Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller
quickly.
REMEMBER
You can‘t complain about defects that were pointed out to you, or that you could
reasonably have been expected to notice.
Stop using the item as soon as you discover a fault.
You are not entitled to compensation if you simply change your mind about
wanting the goods.
2. Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return something, the
receipt will help to prove where and when you bought it.
3. Don't be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty
goods put right. The law is оn your side.
4. Be persistent (but not aggressive). If your complain is justified, it is
somebody’s responsibility to put things right.

Activity 18.
a) Read the dialogue, translate and intone it;

b) Write out all the sentences in Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Present Perfect
tenses;

c) Act out the dialogue.

Making a complaint
Customer: Good morning, miss. I'd like to speak to the manager.
Manager: I am the manager, sir. How can I help you?
Customer: Oh, really? It's this radio. It doesn't work.
Manager: Mm ... did you buy it here?
Customer: Pardon? Of course I bought it here. Look, you switch it on and nothing happens.
Manager: Could I see your receipt?
Customer: Receipt? I haven't got one.
Manager: Oh, you should have obtained a receipt when you bought it.
Customer: I probably did. I must have thrown it away.
Manager: Ah, well, have you got any other proof of purchase, the guarantee, for example?
Customer: No, I haven‘t. It must have been in the box. I threw that away too.
Manager: Oh, dear. You really ought to keep it. We need to know the exact date of purchase.
Customer: What? I only bought it yesterday! That young man over there served me. Oh, I paid by cheque.
I've got the cheque stub.
Manager: That's all right then. Did you check the radio before you left the shop?
Customer: Check it? No, it was in the box. I expected it to work. It wasn't a cheap radio, it's a good make.
Manager: You should have checked.
Customer: Come on! Stop telling me what I should have done, and do something! Either give me my money
back or give me another radio.
Manager: There's no need to get aggressive, sir. Let me look at it... mm... you see this little switch on the
back?
Customer: Yes?
Manager: It's on "mains", and it should be on "battery". You really should have read the instructions.
Customer: Oh!

Activity 19.
a) Watch the video «Let‟s go shopping» at home;
b) Write the dialogues down;
c) Learn one of them by heart.

Activity 20. Complete the dialogue, choose the correct variant, read and act
out this dialogue.

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 In the Ladies' Wear Department

Shop assistant: Hello, can I help/like/sell you?

Customer: I look for/am looking for a pair of jeans.
Shop assistant: What height/size/greatness do you take?
Customer: Twenty-nine.
Shop assistant: We have some very nice blue jeans here. They're in offer/on offer/of offer this week.
Customer: Well, I actually prefer/like more black jeans.
Shop assistant: That's okay. We too/also have them in black.
Customer: Where can I wear/try/pull them on?
Shop assistant: The trying-on/undress/fitting room is over there.
(The customer tries the jeans on).
Customer: They're to/too/two big.
Shop assistant: Would you like a littler/smaller/tinier size?
Customer: Yes, thank you/please/excuse me.
(The customer tries the jeans on).
Customer: These suit/fit/like rather well. But I think I look fat/thick in them. Don't you think?
Shop assistant: Not at all. These jeans suit/stand/stay you very well.
Customer: Well, I think I try on/will try on a blue pair.
(The shop assistant brings a pair of blue jeans and the customer tries the jeans on).
Customer: They are very tight/tide and I don't like blue jeans, anyway. Do you mind
take/taking/bring/brining me another pair in black?
Shop assistant: No, not at all. ...

Activity 21. Watch the video about shopping and say how you understand the
words “rip-off” and “bargain”. Make up your own dialogues using these words.

Activity 22. Make a project of a modern department store. Tell, what

departments are there and how to make the service comfortable for the
customers. Discuss the project with your group mates.

SHOPAHOLISM
Activity 1.
a) Think and answer the questions.
Discuss your answers in group;
b) Translate the underlined word combinations.

1. What is shopaholism?
2. Who is a shopaholic?
3. What problems can a shopping addicted person have?

Activity 2. Do the test and check your attitude to shopping. Choose the answer that
suits you best. Count the score and check the results with your teacher.

1. When you get disappointed or angry do you shop to improve your mood?
a) Always;
b) Sometimes;
c) Never.
2. When you haven’t bought anything for quite a long time, you
a) have problems to resist the desire to buy anything.
b) feel like going shopping next free afternoon.
c) think it‘s normal.

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3. Have you ever argued with anybody because of your shopping?
a) Yes, my family and friends are too nosy when it comes to my shopping;
b) Yes, it has happened but it was rather a joke;
c) No, never.
4. Have you ever felt lost without big sum of money?
a) Yes, many times;
b) Yes, it has happened once or twice;
c) No, never.
5. Do you feel yourself great when spending money?
a) Yes, always;
b) Yes, if I‘m buying something I‘ve been waiting for;
c) No, I don‘t think I have ever felt it.
6. Have you ever felt guilty or ashamed after shopping or spending money?
a) Yes, it happens to me quite often;
b) Yes, a few times in my life;
c) No, never.
7. Have you ever lied about things you’ve bought or money you’ve spent?
a) Yes, I must do it very often;
b) Yes, it has happened a few times;
c) No, why should I?
8. Do you cheat to get more money for shopping?
a) Yes, I need to do it to bring my wishes to life;
b) Yes, quite a few times – I don‘t earn money and my parents give me little;
c) No, I always control my spending.

Activity 3. a) Read the extract and write out the English equivalents which are already
underlined to the given Ukrainian word combinations. Learn them.

a. погіршення в стосунках ______________________________________________________________

b. надмірні витрати ____________________________________________________________________
c. надмірне використання кредиту _______________________________________________________
d. міжособистісні, професійні проблеми __________________________________________________
e. відповідні норми____________________________________________________________________
f. зловживання алкоголем чи наркотиками ________________________________________________
g. робить сильний акцент _______________________________________________________________
h. відчувати занепокоєння чи депресію ___________________________________________________
i. доступність покупки _________________________________________________________________
j. негайно задовольняється _____________________________________________________________
k. легкодоступні кредити _______________________________________________________________
l. тенденція до збільшення _____________________________________________________________
m. досягнути швидкого але інтенсивного емоційного піднесення______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
n. наслідки цієї поведінки_______________________________________________________________
o. наслідки після каяття________________________________________________________________
p. заохочувати населення до накопичення майна____________________________________________
q. нав‘язливий шопінг__________________________________________________________________

WHAT PROBLEMS ARE

CAUSED BY COMPULSIVE
SHOPPING AND SPENDING?
Compulsive shopping or spending may result in interpersonal,
occupational, family and financial problems in one's life. In many
ways the consequences of this behaviour are similar to that of any other
addiction.

10
 Impairment in relationships may occur as a result of excessive spending. Persons who engage in
compulsive shopping or spending may become pre-occupied with that behavior and spend less and less time
with important people in their lives. They may experience anxiety or depression as a result of the spending or
shopping which may interfere with work or school.
Financial problems may occur if money is borrowed or there is excessive use of credit to make
purchases. Often the extent of the financial damage is discovered only after the shopper or spender has
accumulated a large debt that causes problems to resolve. Recovery groups such as Debtors Anonymous
were formed to help compulsive shoppers and spenders return to normal, appropriate patterns of buying.

WHAT MAKES COMPULSIVE

SHOPPING AND SPENDING
ADDICTIVE?
There are many social and cultural factors that tend to increase the addiction to shopping and
spending. The easy availability of credit and the material focus of society in general encourage people to
accumulate possessions now and worry about financial responsibility later.
Society places a strong emphasis on one's appearance and many media personalities promote
spending money to achieve a certain look that will bring happiness. In addition, the accessibility of
purchasing has been made easier with the arrival of online shopping and television programs devoted to
buying goods 24 hours a day.
The shopping and spending activity itself is associated with a feeling of happiness and power which
is immediately gratifying. The after effects of remorse and guilt drive the spender back to purchase again to
be able to achieve that brief but intense emotional high. Research has shown that many compulsive shoppers
and spenders also suffer from mood disorders, substance abuse, or eating disorders. As with any addiction,
the person becomes dependent on the behaviour to relieve negative feelings that cause them stress and
discomfort.

b) Make up sentences in every Active Tense, using the underlined expressions.

Activity 4. Answer the question and fill in the table.

1. Do you know someone whom you can call a shopaholic?

2. Can you call yourself a shopaholic? Why?
3. Do you know any celebrities-shopaholics? Name them and explain your choice.
4. Is shopaholism very different from alcoholism or any other addiction?
5. What are the similarities and differences? Write them down.

Similarities Differences

Activity 5. Read the following text. Pay attention to the words in bold type. Try to
explain their meaning guessing from the context, translate and learn them.

Think you can shop? Wait till you read about the compulsive spends of our friends in Tinsel Town.
Compulsive Shopping Disorder - the medical name for the obsession - is estimated to affect between two and
eight per cent of the population. There's even a new drug called citalopram, which has been prescribed to
curb uncontrollable shopping urges. Here, some of the highest paid women in Hollywood reveal why they
could do with a strong dose and we are going to shop them to you!

11
 Victoria Beckham
The fashion-obsessed former Spice Girl is believed to spend £100,000 a year
on her wardrobe, and has turned shopping into her main occupation. 'I can't
help it,' she says. 'When I see something I like, I buy it in every colour and I
buy shoes in every colour to match, as well as handbags. I can do it
everywhere – in a fashionable shop or in a thrift store. If I could, I'd go
shopping every single day. It costs me an arm to go by the shops. I'm
definitely a shopaholic.'
Cameron Diaz
It's VIP treatment all the way when Cameron
hits the town. Whether it's celebrating her birthday at Nobu or partying all
night with her friend Drew Barrymore at Suede, Cameron does it in style. The
star enjoys to spend her time with her boyfriend Justin Timberlake. 'A woman
says enough only after she buys a farm' Cam's new year's resolutions included
refusing her shopping habit. 'I'll stop smoking, I'll
stop shopping and I'll wear a bra bought for a
song,' she resolved.
Madonna
She is the highest-paid woman in England. When it
comes to shopping, she has invested her wealth in homes around the globe and
extravagant art collections. Madonna and Guy Ritchie's week-long wedding
extravaganza in Scotland included $1,000-a-night rooms for everyone for a week.
She paid for Jimmy Choo's publicist Marilyn Heston to deliver eight pairs of the
designer's wedding pumps to Scotland for her to choose from on her big day and
on a daily basis she has many of shoe designers. She has been known to spend
$60,000 in a single flip-through often pays through the nose.

Activity 6. Match the idioms with their meaning, translate them and learn by heart.

1. a thrift store a. to pay too much

2. to cost an arm b. second hand
3. to buy for a song c. to die
4. to shop someone to somebody d. to cost much effort
5. to buy a farm e. to betray
6.to pay through the nose f. a quick action
7. a flip-through g. to get almost for free

Activity 7. Read the sentences and rewrite them using the idioms.

1. If you‘re patient enough, you can find some real bargains in second-hand shops.
2. I‘m not involved in painting professionally it takes me much to draw a simple picture.
3. The fact that he‘s succeeded as a model does not justify him telling secrets about his famous friends.
4. She always finds shops to get expensive goods almost for free.
5. I pay him too much that I assume he‘s at my disposal day and night if necessary.
6. She walked proudly on the red carpet enjoying the glory of success and it was strange, because her
husband had just died.
7. She never reads books, she just looks through them.

Activity 8. Recall the theory about the Past Tenses and translate the sentences.

1. Мене попросили допомогти Бобу знайти хорошу але недорогу машину через Інтернет.
2. Коли я повернувся додому, я зрозумів, що забув зайти у пекарню і купити хліба.
3. Вони зустріли нас біля супермаркету. Сем їв морозиво, а Ен розглядала свою нову сумочку, яку
вона купила 5 хвилин тому.
4. Ці будинки побудували два роки тому, але щоб придбати там квартиру, треба дуже переплатити.

12
5. Вчора я зустріла своїх подруг, яких не бачила вічність, ми ходили по магазинам цілий день, потім
пішли до кафе і спілкувалися.
6. Позавчора у відділі в‘язаних речей я бачила чудовий кардиган, але я не подивилася на цінник.
Здається, його можна купити зі знижкою.
7. Охоронець здав жінку міліції, коли побачив, як вона поклала у сумку сукню і почала виходити з
магазину.
8. Джейн так довго приміряла сукні у примірочній, що не помітила, як закрили магазин. Вона мало
не померла від страху.
9. Вони сперечаються вже пів години. Покупець не задоволений товаром і хоче його повернути,
але він загубив чек.

Activity 9. Listen to the song and do the tasks.

Lady Linn “Shopping”

a) Fill in the gaps

(Shop, shop, shop 'till you drop)

(Shop, shop, shop 'till you drop)
_______ through this paradise
Oh, it ________ so very nice
But only 'till you __________
That every jewel has its price.

_______ through the shopping mall

_____ at that! Oh, way too small
Going home, _______ the mall
'cause nothing ___ me after all.

All you women

Go __ shopping
That's what you're
Supposed __ do
You like __ compare
The thousands __ colours
And eventually ____ blue______

b) Correct the mistakes

Pretty dreses looks so fine

Oh, I wants to make them mine
don't telling me we doesn't have the time
Oh, you bet, I'm gonna standing in line

All you fellows, does watch out

Always told her you're so proud
Even when she's freaked out
Say that she is looking marvelous and say it out loud

All you women

Go on shopping
That's what you're
Supposed to do
You like to compare
The thousands of colours
And eventually go home blue (3)

c) Translate the unknown words using the dictionary;

d) Learn the song and try to sing it.

13
 FUTURE SHOPPING. SHOPPING ONLINE
Activity 1. Watch the videos “The Future of Shopping” and “Future Store”
and be ready to discuss this topic.

1. How will people shop in future with high-tech?

2. Will this way of shopping be convenient? Why?
3. What advantages and disadvantages of the future shopping can you
name?
4. Would you like to do shopping this way nowadays?
5. Do you know what is online shopping?
6. Have you ever tried to do shopping online? If yes, was it successful? If
no, why?

Activity 2. Think over and give five ways how to make

shopping more convenient for customers.

Activity 3. Watch the video “Online shopping tips” and answer the following
questions.

1. What should you do first to start online shopping?

2. What should help you to find the product that meets your need?
3. Is it useful to compare the products? How can you do it online? What is a shopping comparison site?
What is it used for?
4. Is it better to read only one review of the product or to look for several reviews?
5. What is necessary to do before you decide where to buy?
6. What ways of paying for your order do you know? Which one is safer than others?
7. What should be special about the web-site address where you buy goods?

Activity 4. Choose one of the products below and explain what you are going to do to
buy it online.

Activity 5. Create your own projects «The Future of Shopping».

Activity 6. a) Circle the correct answers, define the Tense and translate into Ukrainian.

1. I didn't recognize / hadn't recognized Sue, because she cut / had cut her hair and bought a new coat the
other days.
2. I arrived / had arrived at the butchery at 6.45, but it already closed / had already closed.
3. David didn't pay / hadn't paid much money for the new suit because he got/had got a great discount at
that shop. So he had enough money to pay in cash.
4. When I looked / had looked everywhere for my credit card, I started / had started to panic.
5. When he had finished / finished his dinner he went/had gone shopping
6. It was / had been a film I didn't see / hadn't seen before. It was called ―Consumer rights‖.

b) Recall the grammar and change the sentences into Passive.

14
Activity 7. a) Put the verbs into the correct form; b) Translate the sentences into
Ukrainian.

1. This time tomorrow, Maria _________________the ready-weight and packed products on the counters
in her greengrocery shop. (sort out)
2. Pick me up by five o'clock – I _______________________ by then. (do shopping)
3. Look, I can give you a lift to the butchery to buy some poultry – I ___________________ that way
anyway. (drive)
4. In one of the Sydney‘s shops we ______________a pair of faulty shoes. But when we __________back
to the shop it appeared that we ______________the receipt. And it was difficult to ask for a complete
refund. (buy, come, lose)
5. Don't phone me between 4 and 7. I _______________to find something smart to wear in the women‘s
clothing store. It‘s difficult, you know.
6. Phone me after 8 o'clock. I _________________ to pay through the nose for new dresses. (finish)
7. Tomorrow afternoon we're going to the department store from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at 4 o'clock, we
_________________ tennis. (not to play)
7. 8. Do you think you _____________ at the same thrift store in ten years' time? (still work)
8. 9. By the time you get home I _____________ you to your friends as for your new jacket bought for a
song at the sale. (to shop)
9. Tom is a shopaholic and he spends his money very quickly. If he continues like this, he
________________ all his money before the end of his holiday. (spend)

15
UNIT 2____________________________________________________________________________________

Never make your home in a place. Make a home for yourself inside your own head.
You'll find what you need to furnish it - memory, friends you can trust, love of learning,
and other such things. That way it will go with you wherever you journey.

Tad Williams
MY STREET
Activity 1.
a) Comment on the quote, agree or disagree on it;
c) Find more quotes or proverbs about home and present them to your group mates;
d) Listen to all of them and choose the best.

Activity 2. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. sight a. великий транспортний рух

2. streetlights b. підземні переходи
3. street lamps c. живопліт
4. hedges d. бродячікішки та собаки
5. heavy traffic e. передмістя
6. bushes f. околиця
7. stray dogs and cats g. жилий район
8. underground crossings h. дорожна пробка
9. traffic jams i. промисловий район
10. suburbs j. визначна пам‘ятка
11. outskirts k. світлофори
12. housing estate l. кущі
13. industrial area m. ліхтарі
14. bedroom area n. спальний район
15. block of flats o. багатоквартирний дім
16. to enjoy p. година пік
17. rush hour q. насолоджуватись
18. constructing r. будівництво

Activity 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What district do you live in?

2. What street do you live in?
3. How long have you been living in this street?
4. Is it in the centre of the city or in a suburb?
5. How long does it take you to get to the centre?
6. Is your street quiet or busy? Is there heavy traffic during the day?
7. Are there any shops, offices, official buildings in it?
8. Are there any sights in your street? What are they?
9. Do you know about any famous people who live(d) in your street?
10. Has it always had one name? What do you know about the history of your street?
11. Is it a green street? Are there any flowers, trees or bushes there?
12. What do you like/dislike about your street? What would you change in it if you could?

16
Activity 4. Read the information about the street Jack lives in. Fill in the missing words
from activity 2.

city housing estate flower beds

street traffic jams bushes

I live in a big a)_______________. I like living in

such a big industrial and cultural centre. There are a lot of
interesting things here that you can find only in a big town.
And I am also happy that the street I live in is not a
central one. We live in a new
b)____________________________. We moved to a new
flat 3 years ago. It's very nice to live here because our
street is rather quiet. The street is wide. It is not so busy
and noisy as central streets. There are no
c)_____________ _____________ there. You cannot see
so much traffic here. Though there are enough trolleybuses and buses to get to the Underground station if
you wish to go to the centre of the city or to the Central Park.
The street is very green. It is lined with a lot of trees. And near the houses you can see
d)________________ _____________ and e)_______________ which decorate the yards so beautifully.
In our street you can find any shop you need. There are greengroceries, baker's shops and even flower-
shops in the street. Not far from my house there is a nice department store.
I like my f)_______. It's so nice to have a walk here in the evening after a busy day and we often do so
with my friends.

Activity 5. Make up a presentation about the street you live in. Speak about its history,
add photos of it in the past and now if it is possible.

Activity 6. a) Listen to the song and arrange the lines

in the correct order;
b) Watch the video and define the massage;
c) Learn the song and sing it together with your
classmates.

Kurt Nilsen “My Street”

___Stop and stare
___I live on the street
___For the better, some peace
___Walking down the road again
___Jamming with my life
___on my street

___So everybody can hear that ___Fell in love for the first time in my life
___yeah, on my street ___Then she moved away
___Well, I feel so complete ___Here on this bench
___See the old guy with the broom in his hand ___From my street,yeah, on my street
___Cleaning up what's left ___Said to myself I would always find the time
___On my street Chorus
___The cavalerie with my bad boys once again ___Many years have gone
___Calling my street ___Many people say that don't you ever forget it
___I glance back to see
___I will always be right here ___Try to come back soon
___I will always be right here, yeah. ___Growing up here was good
___Calling my street Chorus Chorus
___I will always be right here ___Stop and stare
___Here on my street ___For the better, some peace…
___Walking down the road again

17
 Activity 7. Scan the table. Learn the rules of usage of the modal verb can.

Modal verb can

Past Present Future
He could read Russian when he He can read Russian well now. He will be able to read Russian in a
was 6 years old. Він зараз може добре читати year.
Він міг читати російською російською. Він зможе читати російською через
коли йому було 6 років. рік.
Pay attention that to express these meanings modal “can” is used in all tense-forms!
Modal verb can is used to express - He can show you the way to the nearest underground crossing. -
- ability or capacity (здатність або Він може показати тобі дорогу до найближчого підземного
спроможність) переходу.
- He could show you the way to the nearest underground crossing
three hours ago, but now he can‘t. - Він міг показати тобі
дорогу до найближчого підземного переходу, але зараз він
не може.
- He will be able to show you the way to the nearest underground
crossing in 20 minutes. - Він зможе показати тобі дорогу до
найближчого підземного переходу через 20 хвилин.

- possibility due to some
circumstances (можливість через
якісь обставини)
Pay attention that in these meanings modal “can” is not used in all tense-forms!
- to ask or give permission (запитати
чи дати дозвіл) - could is more
polite
- request (прохання) - could is more
polite
- I want to change the place of living. I can’t stand these noisy
crowds. - Я хочу змінити місце проживання. Я не можу
терпіти ці шумні натовпи.
- I wanted thе change the place of living. I couldn’t stand those
noisy crowds. - Я хотіла змінити місце проживання. Я не
могла терпіти ті шумні натовпи.
- I don‘t want to move to this city. I will not be able to stand
those noisy crowds. - Я не хочу переїжджати до цього міста.
Я не зможу терпіти ті шумні натовпи.
- Could I invite you to a very pleasant café in the outskirts of this
town?
Чи можу я запросити вас до гарного кафе на околиці цього
міста?
- Can/Could you show me the way to the biggest block of flats in
this district? - Можете (Чи не могли б ви) показати мені
дорогу до найбільшої багатоповерхівки в цьому місті?

- prohibition (заборона)
- strong doubt (сильний сумнів) -
can/could are interchangeable; could is
more emphatic; this meaning is
expressed only in negative sentences
- surprise (здивування) - can/could
interchangeable; this meaning is
expressed only in interrogative
sentences
- reproach (докір) - could + have done
- desire (бажання) - could + infinitive
- Can I cut these bushes? - No, you can’t! - Можна мені
обрізати ці кущі? - Ні
- You can’t have left the city so quickly! -Ти не міг залишити
місто так швидко!
- You couldn’t have left the city so quickly! - Не міг же ти так
швидко залишити місто!
- Can/could they still be staying in a traffic jam? - Хіба вони
можуть все ще стояти в пробці?
- She could have helped that stray dog. - Вона могла б і
допомогти тій бродячій собаці.
- You could drive quicker. - Ти міг би їхати швидше (дія
відбувається зараз).

18
 “Be able to” can be used not only as a future form of the modal can, but also independently.
- It can also be used to speak about abilities:
But can is more natural in this meaning.
- To talk about things that we managed to do
on specific occasions in the past, we cannot
use could. Instead, we use was/were able to.
The verbs managed, succeeded (in …ing)
are also possible in this case.
- I am able to stand noisy crowds. - Я можу терпіти галасливі
натовпи.
- I was able to stand noisy crowds when I was a child, but now I
can‘t. - Я могла терпіти галасливі натовпи, коли була дитиною,
але зараз не можу.
- After staying in the traffic jam for several hours, we were able to
get to our bedroom area. - Після того, як ми стояли в пробці
кілька годин, нам таки вдалося дістатись до нашого
спального району.

Activity 8. Read the following sentences define the function of modal verb “can”.

1. You could have stopped and helped that stray dog!

2. Could you show me the way to the nearest underground crossing?
3. We can rest on this bench and then move on.
4. Can this housing estate be built so quickly?
5. He can‘t be staying in that traffic jam.
6. You could have repaired the streetlight at our house much earlier!
7. You will not be able to cross the road here! Find the underground
crossing!
8. Can your friends still be looking for this housing estate?
9. After waiting for a taxi for half an hour we were able to get to the
bus station in time.
10. They could have cut those strange bushes! It is impossible to
move here!
11. Her cousin has a car. He lives not far from here. He can help you
to get to the suburbs.
12. He could‘t have bought a flat in this bedroom area!
13. They could have shown you the way to the greengrocery! It‘s not far from the underground crossing.
14. Can I drive across this industrial area? - No, you can‘t!
15. Could you show me the way to the nearest theatre in this town?
16. Could I take a picture of your wonderful flower beds?
17. You could go slower! It‘s difficult to run after you all the time!
18. I was able to stay in traffic jams for hours when I was younger.

Activity 9. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the modal “can” to suit the meaning
in brackets.

Example: You… (to move) to this housing estate muсh earlier. (reproach)
You could have moved to this housing estate muсh earlier.

1. After trying to cross the road for several times we … (to do) it by
underground crossing. (specific occasion in the past).
2. … you (to help) me to get to the most fashionable café in this
district? (request)
3. You … (to warn) us that you are staying in a traffic jam muсh
earlier! (reproach)
4. He … (to cut) these bushes yesterday but now he can‘t. He is not
in the city. (possibility due to some circumstances).
5. I … ( to visit ) you tomorrow. I will have a party not far from your
block of flats. (possibility due to some circumstances).
6. … I (to place) this street lamp at your house? (permission).
7. … such heavy traffic (to be) in a such small town? (surprise).
8. You … (to drive) slower! I can‘t take a picture of any sights!
(desire).

19
Activity 10. Translate the words in brackets and read the following sentences. State
the meaning of the modal verb “can” in each case.

1. She (могла б попередити) us about (великий транспортний рух) in this region.

2. (Чи не могли б ви) show me the shortest way to the (підземні переходи)?
3. They (не можуть) get home because of (дорожні пробки).
4. He (міг) buy a house in the (передмісті) but he refused and bought another one in a cosy (спальний
район).
5. If you want to improve the ecological situation in this (промисловий район), you (можете) plant some
(кущі та дерева) here.
6. She (не зможе) water these (клумби) tomorrow, because she will have to go to the hospital.
7. (Чи не могли б ви) help me to find Chekhov Street in this (жилий район)?
8. He (не міг) see anything because all the (ліхтарі) are switched off.

Activity 11. Translate the following sentences. Mind the usage of the modal verb “can”.

1. Чи не могли б ви допомогти мені відвезти цих бродячих котів до мого друга?

2. Ви можете придбати квартиру в цьому спальному районі.
3. Я не можу знаходитись біля цього шумного натовпу.
4. Чи не міг би ти показати мені дорогу до цього передмістя?
5. Скоро я зможу насолоджуватись мирною атмосферою тихих околиць міста.
6. Вона могла не запізнитися на роботу вчора.
7. Він міг залишитися вдома під час години пік і не потрапити в пробку.
8. Я не можу довго стояти в чергах.
9. Вони не можуть полагодити ці вуличні ліхтарі, тому тут так темно.
10. Будівництво в цьому промисловому районі закінчиться до наступного року.

Activity 12. Make up a dialogue using the words from the boxes and modal verb “can” in
different forms.

bedroom area, beds of street lamps, underground

flowers, streetlamps, stray crossings, housing estate,
dogs and cats heavy traffic

suburbs, industrial area, hedges, outskirts, traffic

traffic jams, bushes, heavy jams, bedroom area, stray
traffic dogs and cats

My Native City/Town/Village
Activity 1. a) Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian
equivalents; b) Rank the words given below according to their size from the smallest to
the largest.

1. village а) столиця
2. country b) рaйон
3. settlement с) невелике місто
4. region d) держава (штат)
5. district е) велике місто
6. town f) селище
7. capital g) область
8. state h) село
9. city i) провінція

20
Activity 2. Read the following texts and do the activities that follow. Write out all the
unknown words, including those, which are underlined, and learn them.

CITY AND COUNTRY LIFE

Chris Duncan is a 35-year-old doctor who lives in London but spends
most weekends in the summer at a cottage in the village of Ireton Wood.
He says:"For me the life in the country is wonderful – all this fresh air
and the singing of the birds! If I could afford it, I'd give up my practice in
London and come to live here all the year round. I'm tired of the city with its
pollution and the traffic and the people rushing about from place to place
without the time to think and look around. Every time I wake up in this
cottage, and look out and see the flowers and the grass and that magnificent
line of trees on the hill over there, I feel it's good to be alive. Whereas in
London it's depressing. Standing in queues, waiting for buses and then being
stuck in the underground like sardines. There are so many people that you can't
breathe. And everyone is in such a rush!
What I like most about the country is that everyone knows everyone else, and they are friendly. In the
city if you live in a block of flats, like me, you can be there for years and never even get to know your
neighbors. There are some in my block I've never seen. There is a lot more crime and violence in the city
than in the country. Of course, the life in London is exciting but people don't go out every night there,
because they can't afford it".

Alan Sumner, aged 22, is the son of Ireton Wood farmer. He has a
different view on the city and country life.
"For my Dad and me, the country isn't a matter of looking out of
the window at the trees. It's a bit different if you have to get up at five
in the morning, with snow on the ground, to milk the cows. And all the
time you have to watch the weather! And your neighbours! Some of
them are not worth knowing at all. Take the Cartwrights, for instance.
Old Jack Cartwright won't even tell you the time without expecting
you to pay him something, and as for his wife, well, she sits there with
her nose pressed to the window all day spying on everyone...
You will tell me that there are gossips in the city, too. Maybe, but
not like Mrs. Cartwright. If you say "Hello" to a girl in this village, it
will get around to everyone in about two hours thanks to her, and the next thing you know someone will
come up and ask you when you are going to get married! That's the trouble with the country. Always the
same faces, and you can't get away from them. I'd like to live in the city and meet some interesting people.
All right, I admit we've got less crime. It's a quiet life. But there is nothing to do here. In London you've got
discos and cinemas and theatres. Here if you feel like going out on a Saturday night, you've either got to play
darts or billiards in the club or else take a girl to see some old film in the nearest town. And to do that you've
got to have a car, because the last bus back leaves at 10.20.
And what about the schools? You've got good schools in the city, too. I don't mind telling you, if I had a
better education I wouldn't be stuck on the farm. I'm quite sure you'd soon get fed up with Ireton Wood if
you had to live here all the year round."

Samuel Oaks, is a 43-years-old farmer whose

ancestors lived in the country all their lives.
"The thing I like most about living on the farm is
the change of seasons. Spring, summer, autumn and
winter — you can see them all come and go, and each
one is completely different. In the city you can't tell the
difference — you can buy summer flowers in winter and
eat the same vegetables all the year round. Here in the
country you only eat things at certain times of the year—
for example, strawberries in June and turnips in winter.
You live with the season. Also we make most of our
food — we make butter and cheese, we grow our own vegetables and bake our own bread. We never eat
frozen or tinned food. Everything is fresh — so it must be better for you. City people may think we miss a lot
of good things about modern life, but in my opinion they miss a lot more than we do — they miss real life".

21
 John Williams is 28 and he lives in Hampstead, about 5 km from the
centre of London.
"Life is fast here and there is always something to do - cinemas,
theatres, restaurants. Shopping is fantastic - you can buy anything you
want in London, shops are often open late in the evening and on Sundays.
I like the pubs - many have music in the evening. The street markets are
great and I like London's parks too. Lots of people in London don't have
gardens so it's good to get out for a walk. There are bad things about
London, too, of course. There are too many people, you have to queue for
everything - in the banks, supermarkets, post offices. And it's true that
London is dirty - people just throw things in the street and I hate that. It's
also very noisy and there is too much traffic. But I still prefer London to
any other place I know".

Trudie Pollock, a London psychiatrist speaks about one

more city problem.
I see many people with the same problem – they are
lonely. They don't usually say they are lonely – instead they
say they have problems with their jobs, their home life, they
say they can't sleep or work well or that they are unhappy.
But when I speak to them I find it is often because they don't
know enough people to spend time with or they find it
difficult to meet people.
There are thousands of people like this: in London –
students away from their families for the first time, young
people who moved to London to work, mothers with young
children, old people living alone. These people don't need hospitals or drugs they need other people.
I help them to think how they can meet other people and make friends. Some people can join sports
clubs. Others can learn something new – a new language, yoga, cooking – go to evening classes and
meet people there. Young mothers can join "mother and baby" clubs and there are social clubs for
old people. There are lots of ways to meet people in London, and my job is often just giving them
information and advice".

Activity 3.
a) Fill in the table writing out all the arguments (pros and cons) Chris, Alan, John,
Sheila Samuel, Alex and Trudie use for and against country and city life;
b) Add your arguments based on what you know about these types of life in your own
country.

Pros of the country life Cons of the country life Pros of the city life Cons of the city life
fresh air hard work less gossip crowds of people

Activity 4. a) Read the sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian. State the function of
the modal „can“.

1. Jenny can buy a lot of tasty things in that supermarket.

2. Alice can buy a lot of tasty things in that supermarket because it is not far from her house.
3. Could I buy these nice flowers in your shop?
4. Can you buy that tasty cake for me?
5. You can‗t buy these oranges! They are not fresh!
6. They couldn‗t have bought a house in that noisy dustrict!
7. Can he still be buying the flat in this bedroom area?
8. Your friend could have bought this newspaper for you.
9. She could buy healthier food. She has little children.
10. I was able to buy this car in 1996.
11. After turning on the wrong road for several times we were able to find your village.

22
b) Translate the following words from Ukrainian into English. Mind the usage of the
modal verb „can“. State the meaning of this verb in each case.

1. Я не можу дозволити собі стояти в пробці. Чи не могли б ви показати мені шлях до метро?
2. Ти можеш переїхати в село. Але чи зможеш ти жити там без Інтернету і телевізора? Тобі
надоїсть дуже швидко.
3. Він не може дивитись передачі про жорстокість і злочини.
4. Вони могли б і попередити, що ці люди за нами слідкують!
5. Можливо, вони застрягли в метро. Треба їм зателефонувати.
6. Коли живеш у великому місті, ти спостерігаєш за людьми, які поспішають з одного місця в інше
і не можеш нікуди від цього подітись.
7. Я не можу жити у великому місті. Мені потрібно дихати свіжим повітрям.
8. Якщо ти живеш у селі, ти не можеш відвідувати кінотеатри і дискотеки, театри і виставки.

Activity 5. Watch the video about the best place to live in Ireland. Do the following
tasks.
a) Answer the following questions:

1. What city is the video about?

2. Is Cork a lively city?
3. Is it a great place of music? Why?
4. What music institution is shown in the video?
5. Are there lots of visitors in Cork? Why?
6. Is there any place to skate in Cork? What can you tell about it?
7. What college is the best in Ireland?
8. Is it possible to say that English market is visited by lots of people of different nationalities? Why?

b) Make up a list of the most interesting places to visit in your city/town/village.

Write down several sentences about each of them.

c) Make up a video about your city/town/village, using the notes from point b.

Activity 6. Fill in the gaps in the following text with a suitable word from the box. Mind
that more than one variant is possible.

center park places built

restaurant majority villages area
disadvantages get crowded companies
to get to minus comfortable residential
transport expensive move

LIVING IN THE CITY AND IN THE COUNTRY

Living in the city has both advantages and....................................... (1). On the plus side it is often easier
to............................ (2) work, and there is usually a choice of public………………… (3), so you don't need
to own a car. Also there are a lot of interesting things to do and…………………. (4) to see. For example,
you can eat in a good………………….. (5), visit museums and go to the theatre or to concerts. When you
want to relax you can go to a……………………… (6) and just sit on a bench and read a book. The city life
is full of bustle and variety and you don't need to………………… (7) bored.
However, for every plus there is a…………… (8). For one thing, unless your job is well paid, you won't
be able to afford many of the things because living in the city is often more………… (9) than in the country.
It is particularly difficult to find a good and cheap accommodation. Besides, public transport is often dirty
and……………… (10), especially in the rush hour. But in spite of all the crowds, many people
feel…………………… (11) in big cities.

23
 For the last two hundred years there has been a tendency for people to…………………… (12) from
rural to urban areas, mainly in search of work. After one or two factories have been……………… (13) in or
near the town an industrial area begins to grow. Soon a residential…………… (14) where the factory
workers can live appears nearby. The………………… (15) of these workers need schools, hospitals and
shops, so more people come to live in the area to provide these services, and so the city grows. In every
major city there is a business district where the big ……………… (16) have their main offices. They are
usually in the city…………… (17), in huge office blocks. The people who work there often go to work from
the………………… (18) or "bedroom" districts every day. Some suburbs are very pleasant with a lot of nice
houses and big gardens. Others look more like slums.
But what is the future of big cities? Will they get bigger and bigger? Perhaps not. Even now some major
cities have become smaller in the last ten years and it is quite possible therewill be a tendency for people to
move from big cities back to the……………… (19).

Activity 7. Sort out the words and expressions given in the box into two columns
according to the place where you are most likely to find them.

city village

multi-storeyed houses well-kept parks suburbs pure water

underground crossings kitchen gardens bushes heavy traffic
industrial estates fields and meadows benches museums
picture galleries fences and hedges wells rush hours
beds of flowers blocks of flats car parks orchards
residential areas bedroom districts traffic jams theatres
stray cats and dogs vegetable gardens street lamps avenues
unpolluted environment domestic animals noisy crowds big shopping centres
convenient bus service healthy food peaceful atmosphere queues

Activity 8. a) Listen to the dialogues. Fill in the gaps and pay attention to the
intonation.
Dialogue 1
- Hello, Jack!
- Oh, hello, Liz! I haven‘t seen you for ages! How are you?
- I‘m ok, thanks. And you?
- I‘m fine. Did you move to another _________?
- No, I didn‘t. But I moved to another ________________. Actually it is a new _________________
almost in the ____________.
- Really? Do you like it?
- Of course, I do! The air is ______________ there. All the buildings are new. The streets are alight with
_______________ even late in the evening. There are a lot of playgrounds and supermarkets not far from
our house. The _________________ is _________ and there are no ______________ there.
- Are there any _____________________________ in the streets?
- Yes, there are some. But not many.
- Is the ____________________________? Is it easy for you to _____________ around the city?
- Yes, it takes me 3 minutes to get to the _____________ on foot and 20 minutes to get to the office by bus.
- Do you often get _______________________?
- Not really, but even when I do, I don‘t regret that I moved. I can‘t stand __________________ and
_______________________ of a big city.
- Are there any ______________________________ in your district?
- Yes, there is one, but it is a bit far from my house. I can get there on foot and it takes me 15 minutes.
Would you like to visit me some day?
- Well, That‘s a good idea. I‘ll call you on Monday!
- Ok! Good bye!
- Bye-bye!

24
 Dialogue 2
- Excuse me, can you help me?
- Yes, certainly.
- Do you live in this _______?
- Yes, I do.
- Tell me please, how to get to the nearest ________________________? The traffic is _______ here and
I‘m afraid to cross the street.
- Go straight on to that ____________________________ and then turn right.
- Ok, thanks a lot. And where can I find any ___________________ here?
- Well, you need to go to the market. It is at the _________________________________ in our town. A lot
of people come from _______________ to sell their products, because they have _________________ and
_________________.
- That‘s great! And what about rest? Do you have any ____________?
- Yes. There is a nice ____________ park in this ___________________ not far from here. You can enjoy
its _______________________. There is a pond in the centre of the park. The water is
_______________there and a lot of ducks swim in it. If you will go by car, there is a ____________ there.
- Thank you! Good bye!
- Not at all. Have fun!

b) Make up a dialogue based on one from point a). Use modal verbs and learnt words.

Activity 9. Write a composition. Use learnt words and expressions to describe a typical
city or a village in your country or the place you live in.

Activity 10. Think and answer.

1. Do you have any favourite places in the city/town/village you live? What do you like about them?
2. What did you think about the place you live in when you were a child? What do you think about it now?
What, in your opinion, could be done to make it look better?
3. Can you say that you like everything in the city/town/village you live in?
4. Do you prefer to live in the city or in the village? Why?

Activity 11. Make up a dialogue on one of the following situations.

1. Your friend wants to move from a village to a big city. Support his idea or object to it. Find the right
arguments to prove your point of view.
2. You live in a village and your relatives come to see you. Tell them about your life in this area.
3. Imagine that your friends from another city/country are going to visit you. What will you tell them
about the place where you live? Where will you take them?

Activity 12. Listen to the song and do the following tasks.

Big City Life

a) Fill in the missing words:
Big City__________,
Me try fi________,
Pressure nah ease up no ________how hard me try.
_______City Life,
Here my heart have no_______,
And __________now Babylon de pon me case. chorus, 2 times
________in a show,
All lined in a_______.
We just ________on by,
Its funny,
How_______ we try.

25
b) Translate the words into English: Don't you wanna know me?,
Take a moment to розслаблятись. Be a friend of mine.
Перш ніж you do anything rash. I'll share some wisdom with you.
Don't you wanna знати me?, Don't you ever get lonely,
Be a друг of mine. From time to time
I'll розділю some wisdom with you. Don't let the system get you down
Don't you ever get одинокий,
From time to час d) Correct the mistakes:
Don't let the system get you вниз. The Linguist across the kiss and the oceans,
A permanent Itinerant is what I‘ve chase.
Chorus I find myself in Big City person, arisen from the
vision of mankind.
c) Match the parts of the sentences: Designed, to keep me discreetly neatly in the corner,
1. Soon our work a) stuff survives. you‘ll find me with the flora and the fang and the
2. All of us b) one by one. hardship.
3. Still we live e) our lives, Back a yard is where my heart is still I find it hard to
4. As if all this f) is done, dears this Big City Life.

Chorus

e) Learn the song by heart.

Activity 13. Match the words with their equivalents:

1. cultural heritage a. динамічний

2. fast paced b. інфраструктура
3. consideration c. висувати; просувати
4. infrastructure d. приголомшливий
5. to commute e. правоохоронна ефективність
6. law-enforcement effectiveness f. спірний
7. stunning g. робити регулярні поїздки
8. to promote h. суміш
9. a blend i. високий рівень працевлаштування
10. plentiful employment j. культурна спадщина
11. controversial k. міркування

Activity 14.
a) Read and translate the texts. Pay attention to the words before the texts. They will
help you to understand it.

b) Make up presentations about cities 4-10 in the list.

vibrant [ʼvaɪbrənt] яскравий, енергійний

rankings [ʼrᴂŋkɪŋ] рейтинги
efficient [ɪʼfɪʃənt] ефективний
dwelling [ʼdwelɪŋ] домівка
lucrative [ʼlu:krətɪv] вигідний

TOP 10 CITIES YOU CAN VISIT THIS YEAR

For each of us, the definition for the best city to live in would differ. Some of us prefer quiet, peaceful
cities, while some of us would love to live in dynamic, vibrant and fast paced ones. While rankings are
usually decided keeping in mind various aspects such as the environment, political systems, education,
economy and personal safety, here is a list that is a little different. We have also taken into consideration the
climate of the city, the cultural heritage of the place and small things like unique festivals that sometimes,
make a big difference. You must also note, that all these cities are listed based on the preference of the
author.

26
1: Vienna, Austria (Population: 1,731,236) Vienna is
the capital of Austria. It is also the largest city of the
country and the 9th-largest city by population in the
European Union. It has been consistently ranked in the
top 5 cities for quality of life by 1Mercer. It is the cultural,
economic and political center of the nation. The
transportation and health system of this city is efficient.
Vienna has won the United Nations urban-planning award
in 2010 for improving its residents' living conditions. It
has also transformed old infrastructure into modern
dwellings. The political stability is another plus point.
Austria also has one of the lowest crime rates in Europe.
The city is the No. 1 destination for corporate conferences. All these things together make Vienna an
attractive and lucrative place to relocate.The title of the 'best city to live' is a controversial one; it can result
in never ending discussions and arguments. This list was made keeping in mind some key aspects such as the
city's socio cultural environment, economy, politics, public transport, security, stability, education and health
sector and few other elements mentioned before.

regarded [rɪʼga:dɪd] належати

taxes [ʼtᴂksɪz] податки
corporate giants [ʼʤaɪənt] корпоративні гіганти
wealthy [ʼwelӨɪ] багатий
leisure activity [ʼleʒə] дозвілля
headquarters [ʼhedʼkwɔ:təz] штаб-квартира

2: Zürich, Switzerland (Population: 376,008) Regarded as

one of the most beautiful cities in the world, Zürich is a leading
global city and among the world's largest financial centers. Low
rate of taxes attracts many corporate giants to set up their
headquarters here. Zürich is known as the wealthiest city in
Europe. It is also Switzerland's biggest tourist destination.
Lakeside location and a chain of hills that run from north to
south offer a range of leisure activities. The overall crime rate
is low. Public transport in the city is globally famous and most
locals use it every day. Nightlife is very vibrant. However,
since only 8.8% people here speak English, language can be a
problem.

approximately [əʼprɒksɪmɪtlɪ] приблизно

quality [ʼkwɒlɪtɪ] якість
affordable [əʼfɔ:dəbl] допустимий, можливий
mild climate [maɪld] м‘який клімат
contribute [kənʼtrɪbϳu:t] вносити, сприяти
lack of [lᴂk] не достаток, відсутність
excessive [ɪkʼsesɪv] надмірний

3: Auckland, New Zealand (Population: 1,377,200)

Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand and is home to
approximately 30% of the country's population. Apart from
being one of the safest cities, Auckland is also popular for
its lovely beaches and amazing night life. It has one of the
best quality of life in the Asia-Pacific region. As of 2011, it
was also declared one of the affordable cities to live in,
according to Mercer. Mild climate, plentiful employment,
educational opportunities and the numerous leisure
facilities contribute to the positive aspects of Auckland.
However, lack of good public transport and excessive
traffic are among the negative factors of living in the city.

27
4: Munich, Germany (Population: 1,378,176)
5: Vancouver, Canada (Population: 603,502)
6: Frankfurt, Germany (Population: 691,518)
7: Geneva, Switzerland (Population: 192,385)
8: Bern, Switzerland (Population: 125,681)
9: Sydney, Australia (Population: 4,627,345)
10: Copenhagen, Denmark (Population: 1,213,822)
____________________________________________________________________________
1
Mercer- is one of the largest consulting firms in the world. It works in more than 40 countries.

Activity 15. At home use the Internet and write the name of each city under the
pictures.

1____________________________________ 2___________________________________

3____________________________________ 4___________________________________

5____________________________________ 6___________________________________

7____________________________________ 8___________________________________

9____________________________________ 10__________________________________

28
Activity 16. Listen to the song and do the tasks.
a) Match the words with the Ukrainian translation.

Alicia Keys “Empire State Of Mind”

1. mean а. надихати
2. Broadway b. засіб
3. pocketful с. Гарлем
4. sirens d. великий намет, шатро
5. curfew e. порівнювати
6. ladies f. Бродвей
7. Brooklyn Bridge g. голод
8. cab h. повнакишеня
9. hunger i. комендантська
10. marquee j. таксі
11. compare k. сирени
12. preachers l. Бруклінський міст
13. inspire m. бетонні джунглі
14. concrete jungle n. дівчата
15. Harlem o. проповідник

b) Fill in the blanks of the lyrics with the given words:

1.Ooohh New York x2

Grew up in a town
That was famous as a place of movie scenes
Noise is always loud,
There are _________ all around and the streets are _________
If I can make it here, I can make it anywhere,
That's what they say
Seeing my face in lights
Or my name in _________ found down on __________

Chorus:
Even if it ain‘t all it seems,
I got a _____________ of dreams
Baby, I'm from New York
__________________ where dreams are made of
There's nothing you can't do
Now you're in New York
These ____________ will make you feel brand new
Big lights will inspire you
hear it for New York, New York, New Yoooork!

2. On the avenue, there ain't never a ________,

________ work so hard
Such a melting pot, on the corner selling rock,
Preachers pray to God
Hail a gypsy __________,
takes me down from ________ to the ________
Someone sleeps tonight with a ________ for more than an empty fridge.

Chorus.

I‘ma to make it by any means

I got a _____________ of dreams
Baby, I'm from New York
___________________ where dreams are made of
There's nothing you can't do
Now you're in New York

29
These streets will make you feel brand new
Big lights will ___________ you
Hear it for New York, New York, New Yoooork!
One hand in the air for the big city,
Street lights, big dreams all looking pretty
No place in the world that can __________
Put your lights in the air, everybody say yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah

Chorus.

c) Answer the questions:

1. According to the song, what‘s New York like for the singer?
2. What are three tourist attractions or places in NY name in the lyrics of the song?

d) Choose one of the three places named on the lyrics of the song, look for some
information about them and share in the class. Talk about: history, activities,
architecture, interesting facts, and people. Bring photos.

Activity 17. Familiarize yourself with the information given below.

Past Present

He might improve the infrastructure last year. - You may easily commute around the city. -

Він міг покращити інфраструктуру минулого року. Ти можеш легко пересуватись по місту.

The modal verb may is used to express:

- permission (дозвіл) - may is used for polite request
- possibility of the fact or factual possibility
(імовірність факту або фактична можливість)
- only in affirmative sentences
- prohibition (заборона) - is used only in negative
form, but mustn’t or can’t are more common
- You may cross the road here. - Тобі можна перейти
дорогу тут.
- You may find some car park in this district. - Ви
можете знайти якусь парковку в цьому районі.
- You may not stand at this multi-storeyed bulding! -
Вам не можна стояти біля цієї багатоповерхівки!

- supposition implying doubt, uncertainty - She may be still staying in that traffic jam. -
(припущення з відтінком сумніву, Можливо, вона все ще стоїть в тій пробці.
невпевненості) - if the action refers to the past,
Perfect Infinitive is used; if the action refers to the
present, Indefinite or Continuous Infinitive is used
- reproach (докір) - only might/could is possible to - She might/could have warned us that she had moved
use in this meaning to another district. - Вона могла б і попередити нас,
що переїхала до іншого району.

Activity 18. Choose the correct item. Explain your choice.

1. They (can/might) visit the capital of our country this weekend but I'm not sure.
2. You (may/might) move to that city now if you wish. People say it‘s the place of plentiful employment.
3. (Could/May) you help me to leave this noisy crowd, please?
4. He (can/could) show you the biggest shopping centre in this town.
5. (May/Can) you live in the block of flats?
6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) walk here! It‘s the oldest house in the country! It‘s our cultural
heritage.
7. They (can't/may not) find the car park in this bedroom district.
8. He (will not be able/could not) improve law-enforcement effectiveness in this region last year.
9. To cross this street you (may/might) use the underground crossing. The street is very fast paced here.
10. The street lamps are switched off! I (can‘t/may not) see anything!

30
Activity 19. Translate the information in the brackets and read the sentences.

1. (Можна мені) tell about (зручний автобусний сервіс)?

2. She (не можна) to go to (великі торгівельні центри), because she usually buys a lot of useless things.
3. He (мабуть не зрозумів) how to get to (багатоповерхівок).
4. I‘m not sure. She (може бути) in that (картинна галерея).
5. They (мабуть уже пішли) to the park. They wanted to enjoy (спокійна атмосфера).
6. (бродячим котам і собакам не можна) walk on the (клумби).
7. She (може) grow a lot of vegetables in her (город).
8. (Можна мені) move to this housing estate? I like its (незабруднене повітря).
9. She lives in the village and has a lot of (свійських тварин).
10. If she eats only (здорова їжа), she (можна) go to the canteen.

Activity 20. Translate the sentences using may and can.

1. Вона може легко робити регулярні поїздки по місту, тому що тут немає пробок.
2. Їй не можна втрачати цю роботу. В цьому місті не високий рівень працевлаштування.
3. Він не може жити в цьому місті. Він називає його бетонними джунглями і мріє про спокійну
атмосферу та незабруднене повітря.
4. Ці люди можуть допомогти тобі знайти найближчий підземний перехід в цьому місті.
5. Його друзі мабуть все ще шукають той проспект (авеню).
6. Можна їй залишатись вдома в годинну пік?
7. Ти міг би і не стояти в тій черзі, якби не поїхав до того торгового центру.
8. Я можу відвідувати той відомий музей кожного дня. Я живу недалеко від нього.

Activity 21. Make up as many sentences as you can using the modal verbs “can” and
“may” in all functions and the word “to commute”.
Example: He can easily commute around the city. (ability)

Activity 22. Translate the following text into English. Mind the usage of the modal
verbs can and may. While translating find the correspondent English variants and write
a proper letter before the Ukrainian variant.

a) supplemented m) former Mayor

b) Kropyvnytsky Theatre n) it seemed almost weightless and light
c) tapestries o) Mykola Dobrolyubov
d) formation of the theatre p) light breath on the stage
e) Karl Bryullov q) in his historical sketch
f) Triumphal Arch r) Tomas and Robert Elvorti
g) colonel engineer Heorhiy Trambytsky s) had no match
h) the most original masterpiece t) butt-walls
i) theatrical acoustics of the highest level u) Eiffel
j) who were real aristocrats v) in the style of late classicism
k) luxurious exterior w) permanent theatres
l) chandelier x) immured jugs and bottles

МАЛЕНЬКИЙ ПАРИЖ В СЕРЦІ

УКРАЇНИ
В цьому невеличкому місті немає ___ Тріумфальної арки, ___
Ейфель не збудував у ньому свою вежу, а Інгул не схожий на
Сену. Все ж чарівність старого Єлисаветграда надихнула ___
Миколу Добролюбова(відомого російського літературного
критика) назвати це місто маленьким Парижем! Він міг назвати Кіровоград маленьким Лондоном чи
Нью Йорком, але порівняв саме з Парижем!

31
 Що ви знаєте про власне місто чи про його історію? Не може
бути, щоб жоден з вас хоча б раз не проходив повз ___ театр імені
Кропивницького. А більшість з вас мабуть ще й мала змогу
побувати всередині і помилуватися його красою. ___ У своєму
історичному нарисі___ колишній міський голова О. Пашутін описав
___ становлення театру в Єлисаветграді. На той час йому ___ не
було рівних в Україні і він був одним з перших ___ стаціонарних
театрівв Європі. Театр імені
Кропивницького був збудований
___ у стилі пізнього класицизму. Землю для його будівництва
придбав ___ інженер-полковник Георгій Трамбицький. ___
Розкішний зовнішній вигляд театру ___ доповнювала надзвичайно
___ високого рівня театральна акустика: глядачі останніх рядів
партеру могли відчути навіть ___ легке дихання на сцені.
Досягалося це шляхом розміщення на бокових стінах зали килимів
та ___ гобеленів, а на ___ торцевих – ____ вмурованих пляшок
(глечиків). Доповнювати загальне враження могла лише велична
люстра на стелі. У школі ви вже чули ім‘я ___ Карла Брюллова, який
зіграв не останню роль в житті Тараса Шевченка. Та ___
найоригінальнішим творінням братів Брюллових була кришталева
люстра у театрі Трамбицького. Таких у світі було всього три, і одна з
них була зроблена саме для Єлисаветградського театру. Величезна
люстра була зроблена в Петербурзі, важила більше тонни, але ___
здавалась майже невагомою і легенькою. Коли у 1974 році театр
реконструювали, люстра зникла.

Мало кому відомо, що в Єлисаветграді був свій цирк. З‘явився цирк в нашому місті завдяки ___
Томасу та Роберту Ельворті, ___ які були справжніми аристократами Ельворті взяли в оренду
землю на вулиці Петрівській і почалося будівництво цирку. Цирк був відомий в Європі, його
відвідували багато людей. У 1918 році його було зруйновано.

Кіровоград, як і будь яке місто, має свою багату історію і мешканці міста мають причини, щоб
пишатися ним!

Activity 23. Do you know the names of these places? Write them down!

32
Activity 24. a) Read and translate the information.

Do you know that children and young people are very talented
in Kirovograd? Especially when it goes about dancing! There are a
lot of choreographic groups in Kirovograd. The selection is very
severe there and not everyone can dance in such groups. Among
their achievements are recognition, victories in the international,
republican festivals, competitions, numerous prizes, performances
on the best stages of Ukraine, Russia, the Baltic countries, Serbia,
Bulgaria, Germany, France, Holland, Japan, Morocco, Italy, Greece.
The reputation of the city as centre of dance and choreography has
been confirmed by the triumph of Kirovohrad team in the Ukrainian
national project ―Maidan‘s‖ — the grand dance show on the main
square of the country — Independence Square. Kirovohrad has
deservedly won an honorary title of Dance Capital of Ukraine and was
awarded one million hryvnias for construction of modern and safe
playgrounds for children. The team succeeded under the leadership of
the young talented choreographer Oleksandr Leshchenko. During a
triumph show dedicated to the winners a new world record was
established — 14585 spectators and choreographic groups members
were dancing simultaneously on the stadium of FC Zirka. This record
was documented by the representative of Guinness Book of Records
in Ukraine.

b) Do you participate in any dancing group in Kirovograd? If yes, then in which one? Did
you take part in Maidan‟s? What kind of experience was it for you?

MY NATIVE COUNTRY
Activity 1. Answer the following questions:

1) What do you know about your country? Its history? Famous people born here?
2) Are you proud of Ukraine? Why or why not?
3) Do you want to live in Ukraine? Explain why or why not.

33
Activity 2. Look at the pictures and guess what country is depicted there.

Activity 3. Watch the video about Ukraine and do the following tasks.

1. to be close by a) нерозвіданий
2. undiscovered b) Єрусалим
3. to stand ready c) бути готовим
4. an ample opportunity d) мандрівники (паломники)
5. Jerusalem e) широкі можливості
6. pilgrims f) бути поряд
7. to bout g) лижні курорти
8. holies h) півострів
9. enchanting i) оповитий
10. shrouded j) святині
11. spa resorts k) щиросердний
12. ski resorts l) незабутній досвід
13. a peninsula m) курорти з мінеральними водами
14. paradisiacal land n) чарівний
15. Hellenic cities o) грецькі (еллінські) міста
16. an unforgettable experience p) райська земля
17. open-hearted q) ідентичність
18. identity r) зустрічати

a) Find the correct Ukrainian equivalent to the given English words:

b) Fill in the gaps:

34
- Do you know where the geographic centre of a) ___________ is? It is in the b) __________ of one
very beautiful country and this country is very c) __________. Welcome to d) ___________ Europe. It
e) ____________ to share its misteries and gives you f) _____________________ for new discoveries.
Ukraine is a bridge between East and West. The strongest powers used to fight for the right to own this
wonderful land. The history of great Empires is here, in Ukraine.
- The city of Kyiv is Ukraine‘s capital. The g) ____________ of the city began more than 15 hundred
years ago.
- This is a holy land, which the Orthodox Christians call a second h) _________. i) ________ from all
over the world come j) ________ k) _________ of Kyiv Lavra Cave Monastery, located in the centre of
Ukraine‘s capital.

c) Choose the correct variant.

1. What is the capital of Western Ukraine?

a) Lviv b) Ternopil c) Chernivtsi
2. Lviv is a veritable history museum of….
a) Roman Empire b) Russian Empire c) Austro-Hungarian Empire
3. The land shrouded in legends is called...
a) The Crimean Mountains b) The Carpathian Mountains
4. What is there in the South of the country?
a) the peninsula of Crimea b) the peninsula of Alaska c) the peninsula of Labrador
5. You can make all these discoveries within just … of travel by car.
a) 5 hours b) 3 weeks c) 2 days
6. The unique scenery of Crimea will make your trip....
a) a nightmare b) an unforgettable experience c) a good impression

d) Find the right ending of each sentence. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. This country is both a) ancient and young.

2. It has an open-hearted nature b) and absolutely unique.
3. It is colourful c) tolerant.
4. Ukraine has carefully preserved d) of Ukraine‘s unique identity.
5. May be that is the secret e) the heritage of distant epochs.
6. They are well-educated and f) and bright identity.

e) Make up two teams and play the game. Your task is to make up a list of reasons
why you advise foreigners to visit Ukraine. The team which has the biggest list will win.

f) At home make up a plan of the report you heard. Retell it with the help of the
plan.

Activity 4. At home watch the video and answer the following quetions:
1. What is the territory of Ukraine?
2. Where is it situated?
3. Why is Ukraine known as the ―Bread Busket of Ukraine‖?
4. What is the population of Ukraine?
5. How many people live outside Ukraine?
6. What is the modern name ―Ukraine‖ derived from?
7. Who was the first to spred Christianity throughout Europe?
8. What are the main religions in Ukraine?
9. Whom the first Constitution of Ukraine was written by?
10. When was it written?
11. Whose leterature works are based on Ukrainian knowledge and mentality?
12. Which of well-known people come from Ukraine?
13. What is bandura?
14. When and were was the first computer on the European continent assembled?
15. What are the most famous Ukrainian dishes?
16. What‘s the message of the video?

35
Activity 5. Match the words with their definitions.

a) a picture or something that has a special ape that represents the country
1. a seal b) to say officially that something important is true
2. a sovereign country c) a mark that has a special design and shows the legal or official authority of a
3. a national symbol person or organization
4. to proclaim d) to die, especially in a terrible or sudden way
5. to regard smth as e) a set of pictures or patterns painted on a shield and used as a special sign of a
6. a stripe family, town, university, country
7. The Coat of Arms f) an independent country, the one that governs itself
8. a faith g) belief and trust in God
9. to perish h) the words of a song
10. lyrics i) to think about something in a particular way
j) a line of colour

Activity 6. a) Read the information that follows.

b) Write out all underlined words and find their Ukrainian translation.

Ukraine is a sovereign state. It has its own territory, higher and local bodies of state power and the
government. The Constitution states that the national symbols of Ukraine are the National Coat of Arms, the
National Flag and The National Anthem.
On the 24th of August, 1991 Ukraine was proclaimed an independent state. Since then the 24th of
August is considered to be a great national holiday – Den Nezalezhnosti, or Independence Day.
The national Anthem of Ukraine is ―Ukraine has not perished yet‖ (―Sche Ne Vmerla Ukraina‖). It was
written in 1862. The lyrics belonged to Pavlo Chubynsky, and music was written by Mykhailo Verbytsky.
The National Flag of Ukraine consists of two horizontal stripes of the equal width. The stripes are blue
nad yellow. The upper stripe is blue. It symbolizes the clear blue sky. The lower stripe is yellow. It stands for
the goldern wheat field. The blue and yellow flag as the National Flag of Ukraine was approved by the
Verkhovna Rada in 1992.
The Trident (The Tryzub) is the Ukrainian Coat of Arms. In ancient times the Trident was used on the
territory of Kyivan Rus as the symbol of power and faith. It could be found on the prince seals, coins and
coats of arms.
The Trident means the unity of three natural elements: air, water and soil.
A snowball tree and a pussy willow are traditionally regarded as the national symbols of Ukraine. The
snowball tree combines the symbols of the sun, fire, the beauty of women and the eternal love. The pussy-
willow is the tree of life and it is associated with the wake-up of nature.

Activity 7. Look through the text (activity 6) and find the English equivalents to the
words and word combinations listed below.

Належати, суверенна держава, уряд, місцеві органи влади, гімн, День Незалежності, горизонтальна
смуга, чисте небо, поле золотої пшениці, символ сонця, краса жінки, дерево життя, пробудження
природи, вічне кохання, символ вогню.

Activity 8. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do the countries usually have their national symbols?

2. What British and American national symbols do you know?
3. What are the national symbols of Ukraine?
4. What do you know about their history?

Activity 9. Discuss the national symbols of Ukraine in twos. Use the following situations.
1. You came from the USA to your relatives in Ukraine. Ask your relative about the official symbols of
Ukraine (the flag, the Coat of Arms, the Anthem).
2. Your friend is going to pass an exam in National Culture. Tell him/her about Ukraine as a sovereign
country and its Constitution.
3. You are to write a report about the plants which are associated with Ukraine. Ask your fellow student to
help you.

36
Activity 10. Look at the pictures and match them with the paragraphs (A-E) from the
text. Fill in the gaps.

1. ________________________ 2.________________________

3________________________ 4.________________________

5.__________________________________

Activity 11. Write an essay about the reasons why you want or don„t want to live in
your native country.

Activity 12. Answer the questions.

1) What do you know about the nations and nationalities who live on the territory of Ukraine?
2) Do people of different nationalities live in the place where you reside?
3) What are the stereotypes about Ukrainians?

37
Activity 13. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words from the table.

1. 1) a. country b. state c. territory

2. 2) a. known b. famous c. popular
3. 3) a. have b. think c. value

WE ARE UKRAINIANS
THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE
The history of the population of Ukraine dates back many centuries. The middle Dnipro area was the
centre of the first 1)__________________ of the Eastern Slavs.
A great number of Ukrainians lived on the territory of our country. They left Ukraine for different
reasons especially before World War II. Nowadays the population of Ukraine is about 46,000,000 people.
People of many nationalities live in Ukraine. About three quarters of the population are made up of
Ukrainians. In folk culture and lifestyle there are some differences. About 22% of population is Russian.
Other nationalities make up 6%.
The main religions are the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, much of which keep its links to the Russian
Orthodox Church, and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
THE UKRAINIAN CHARACTER
WHAT ARE THE TRAITS
What are the traits of the Ukrainian character? First, there is kindness. There is also hospitality and
friendliness. And still – respect to elderly people, love to children, nature and animals. Ukrainians are
2)____________________ as hard-working, skilled farmers, patriots of their land, good family men and
trustful men and wives. They are typically kind-hearted, friendly, hospitable, well-wishing. They are
romantic and sentimental. They are brave. Ukrainians 3)________________ consideration and realistic view
of life. They are musical and artistic. They are wonderful craftsmen. But skill and craft to work on the
ground – is the greatest talent of the Ukrainian people. They have a special sense of humor.
People of many nationalities live in the Crimea: Russians, Ukrainians, The Crimean Tatars,
Byelorussians and others.

Activity 14. Imagine that you are a Ukrainian living in Canada. You visited Ukraine last
month and came back to Canada. What can you tell your friends in Canada about your
native country? (Enumerate all the pros and cons living in Ukraine, give advice concerning
the places to visit and things to see).

Activity 15. Scan the table.

Modal verb must is used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong
recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be
used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe.
Past Present Future
I had to get up early because I I must move to the city. I can‘t She will have to go to that
wanted to go to the suburbs. - Я stand peaceful atmosphere. - Я industrial estate on Monday.
повинен був встати рано повинен переїхати в місто. Я Вона повинна буде поїхати
тому що я хотів поїхати на не можу переносити спокійну до того промислового району
околиці міста. обстановку. в понеділок.
Must is used to express:
- immediate obligation or necessity or - People mustn’t cross the street here! -
obligation referring to the nearest future Заборонено переходити дорогу тут!
(невідкладний обов’язок чи необхідність - If you live in a big city, you must be ready to
або обов’язок, що стосується stand heavy traffic. - Якщо ви живете у
найближчого майбутнього) - future or past великому місті, виповинні бути готові
obligation is expressed with ―have to” терпіти великий транспортний рух.
- prohibition (заборона): emphasis (акцент) - He must always pretend to be short of time! -
- must is used to emphasize the action, so it is Він завжди вдає, що не має часу!
not translated into Ukrainian

38
- invitation (запрошення) - in this meaning - I moved to a new multi-storeyed building. You
the verb can be translated or can be not must come and see my new flat some day. - Я
переїхав до нової багатоповерхівки. Ти
повинен прийти і побачити мою нову
квартиру. (Приходь якось до мене
побачити мою нову квартиру).
- probability, supposition bordering on - She must be trying to escape that traffic jam.
assurance (імовірність, припущення, що - Певно, вона все ще намагається
базується на впевненості) - past action: уникнути ту пробку.
must + have done/have been doing; present
action – must + do/doing; not used with future
actions
Modal verb “to have to” is used to express:
- obligation or necessity (обов’язок чи - She has to speak about the cultural
необхідність) heritage of Ukraine at the conference. - Вона
повинна розказати про культурну спадщину
України на конференції.

- certainty or logical necessity - I am not sure he will find the way here.
(впевненість чи логічна необхідність) He has to phone me and I will tell him the way. -
Я не впевнений, що він знайде дорогу сюди.
Він повинен зателефонувати мені і я розкажу
йому, як проїхати.
Modal “need” is used to express:
- necessity or absence of necessity in - I needn’t go to another end of this city. -
Present or Future; used only in negative and Мені нетреба (можна і не) дістатись на інший
interrogative sentences. кінець цього міста.
- Need he move to the suburbs? - Йому
треба переїжджати на околицю?
- the action which took place in the past - He needn’t have gone there. Йому не
though there was no necessity to do it: треба було туди іти (але він пішов).
need+not+have done;

Activity 16. Choose the correct item.

1. Ukrainians always grow their own fruit and vegetables. They …be very hard-working.
a) can b) must c) could
2. … you tell me about Ukrainians? People say, they are very friendly and hospitable.
a) can b) mustn‘t c) must
3. …you show me the way to the famous well-kept park in this district?
a) could b) must c) can
4. You … notcut the bushes in that industrial estate. The workers will do it tomorrow.
a) need b) must c) may
5. We … delay the trip, because Laura fell ill and was taken to the hospital.
a) must b) had to c) can
6. Students … take a lot of effort if they want to leave the country and study abroad.
a) can b) mustn‘t c) must
7. Yesterday he … recollect any information about the history of national Anthem of Ukraine.
a) had to b) can c) couldn‘t
8. The population of Ukraine … be not less than 46 million people.
a) can‘t have b) might not have c) must
9. When I arrived in New York City, I realized I had no idea where my hotel was. I got lost for hours! I …
brought a map.
a) couldn‘t have b) should have c) must have

39
Activity 17. Transform the sentences using need.

1. It is necessary to leave the city.

2. I bought some milk in the shop near the block of flats but it was not necessary.
3. It is not necessary for him to go to speak about cultural heritage of Western countries today.
4. It was not necessary to go to that well-kept park because it didn‘t work yesterday.
5. I wrote a composition about convenient bus service of this city but it was not necessary.
6. It is rush hour now. It is not necessary for me to go anywhere. It is not necessary to cut these bushes.

Activity 18. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Ти повинен розказати про культурну спадщину України, її національні символи та історію.

2. Вона напевно застрягла у тому великому торговому центрі.
3. Тобі треба переїхати в передмістя. Там спокійна атмосфера і незабруднене повітря.
4. Вони не можуть знайти парковку в цьому спальному районі.
5. Щоб перейти дорогу ви можете використати підземний перехід.
6. Людям заборонено ходити по цій вулиці! Тут вимкнені всі ліхтарі і можна легко впасти!
7. Мабуть важко жити в провінції, де не розвинена інфраструктура.
8. Ви могли б і попередити нас, що це лише невелике місто і тут немає класних дискотек, театрів і
музеїв!
9. Тобі не треба було їхати на метро. У нас є машина!
10. Він повинен піти до тієї багатоповерхівки і забрати карту. Без неї він не зможе знайти дорогу в
промисловому районі.

Activity 19. Translate the dialogues into English. Mind the usage of the modal verbs.

 Привіт, Катя!
 Привіт, Сашко! Як твої справи?
 У мене все добре, дякую. Куди ти йдеш?
 Я йду у міську бібліотеку. Мені потрібно пошукати деяку інформацію там.
 О, а яка інформація тобі потрібна? Я можу тобі допомогти?
 Можеш сказати, в Україні багато національностей?
 Так. Українці, росіяни, кримські татари, білоруси та інші.
 Скільки росіян в Україні?
 Приблизно 22% від всього населення.
 Уяви, що тобі потрібно написати лист своєму іноземному другові. Що б ти написав йому про
нашу країну?
 Тобі потрібно розказати про її основні характеристики. Я маю на увазі, столицю, територію,
найбільші міста, найвідоміші визначні місця, найцікавіші риси характеру українських людей,
декілька фактів з історії. Ти маєш зробити короткий огляд всього, що стосується України.
 Щоб зробити це, я повинна прочитати багато інформації і знайти цікаві факти! У мене мало
часу, треба йти. Побачимось пізніше!
 Катю, чекай! В мене є хороша книжка з тією інформацією, яка тобі потрібна! Тобі не треба йти в
бібліотеку!
 Ти можеш дати мені її?
 Так, звичайно. Зателефонуй мені ввечері.
 Добре, бувай.

Activity 20. a) At home consult the dictionary and find the transcription and translation
of the following words.

to persuade a cave among a unique phenomenon

to be capable to length production the USSR
to escape a gypsum cave to disappear to find out
to treat frame hive to give way
founded to invent to occupy

40
b) Are you proud of your Motherland? Do you know that it is famous all over the world?
Do you know that some unique things take place only in our country? If no, then read
and translate this information.

Despite trying to persuade Ukrainians that they are not capable to do anything, that the only best way out
for them is to escape this country as soon as possible, that there is nothing to see in Ukraine and the whole
world does not treat Ukraine seriously, statistics and facts state some other things!

- One of the first constitutions in the world was introduced in Ukraine by PylypOrlyk in 1710. In the
USA it was introduced in 1787, in France and in Poland only in 1791;
- The first frame hive was invented in Ukraine by Petro Prokopovych in 1814. Ukraine is among the
leaders of the production of honey in the world;
- The biggest male monasteries are called lavra. Only six monasteries in the world have the status of
Lavra. Three of them are in Ukraine. These are Svyato-Uspenska Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, Svyato-Uspenska
Lavra in Pochayiv and Svyatohorska Svyato-Uspenska Lavra in Donetsk region;
- The National University of Ostroh Academy is the first educational institution in Eastern Europe, the
oldest Ukrainian scientific-educational institution. It was founded in 1576 in Ostroh;
- There are 1200 memorials to famous Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko all over the world;
- Arsenalna Underground Station is the deepest underground station in the world (105 m)
- The longest trolley-bus route in the world in the world is 86 kilometres. It stretches between Simferopol
and Yalta;
- The shortest main street among all the capitals in the world is Khreschatyk in Kyiv. Its length is 1225
m;
- The geographical center in Europe is situated in Rakhiv, Ukraine, in the Carpathian Mountains;
- The longest cave is called ―Optimistic‖ and is situated in Podillya. Its depth is 20 m and its length is 216
km. It is the longest gypsum cave and the second longest in the world. It gives way only to Mammonth Cave
in the USA;
- Ukraine occupies the third place in the world according to the number of people with higher education;
- The third most visited McDonalds in the world is situated in Ukraine, in Kyiv at the railway station;
- Till 1240 Kyiv was one of the biggest cities in Ukraine. It was 50 times bigger than London and ten
times bigger than Paris;
- If you travel to Nikopol, you can hear a very unique phenomenon, which is called singing sands. It is
possible to hear it after rain, when you step on it;
- In 1931 the number of Ukrainian people in the USSR was bigger than the number of Russian people. 55
million people disappeared in 6 year;
- The scientist found out a unique phenomenon at the bottom of the Black Sea. It is an underwater river
and its length is 37 miles. The speed of the waterflow is 4 miles per hour. The water in this river is very
salty.

Activity 21. Choose the correct item:

1) Whom was the Ukrainian Constitution introduced by?

a) Pylyp Orlyk b) Bohdan Khmelnytsky c) Ivan Mazepa
2) Ukraine is among the leaders of the production of…
a) milk b) chocolate c) honey
3) The biggest male monasteries are called…
a) cathedrals b) churches c) lavras
4) The National University of Ostroh Academy was founded in….
a) 2013 b) 1689 c) 1576
5) How many memorials to Taras Shevchenko are there all over the world?
a) 1200 b) 2500 c) 300
6) What is the deepest underground station in the world?
a) LvaTolstogo Square b) PalatsSportu c)Arsenalna Underground Station
7) What is the length of Khreschatuk?
a) 200 m b) 1225 m c) 12 km
8) Where is the geographical center of Europe?
a) London, England b) Rakhiv, Ukraine c) Kyiv, Ukraine
9) What place does Ukraine occupy according to the number of educated people in the country?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3

41
10) What unique phenomenon takes place in Ukraine?
a) singing sands b) dancing sands c) singing soils
11) How is the longest cave in Ukraine called?
a) Pessimistic b) Optimistic c) Merry
12) The underwater river flows at the bottom of…
a) The Sea of Azov b) The Black Sea c) The Atlantic Ocean

Activity 22. Make up two teams. Your task is to say as many interesting facts about
Ukraine, as you can. The team which knows more facts, wins.

42
UNIT 3____________________________________________________________________________________

The world is a book and those who do not travel read only a page

St. Augustine

Activity 1. Read the quotation and discuss it with your group mates.

HISTORY OF TOURISM
Activity 1. You are going to read a text about the history of tourism. Look at these
words and match them with the pictures.

Medieval Times Pilgrim Roman Empire

Activity 2. Read the text.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOURISM

Tourism is 2,000 years old. It started when rich people of the ancient Rome didn´t want to stay in
the city during hot summers. They took trips to the countryside and the coast. People that lived in the
countryside or the coast worked for the Roman ‗tourists‗, cooked for them or built new houses for them.
When the Roman Empire collapsed, Roman tourism stopped.
During the medieval era, pilgrims appeared. Pilgrims were people who wanted to visit holy places.
People built simple inns near the roads to these holy places. The pilgrims slept and ate in these inns. Many
of these people had a good time during their travel, or pilgrimages.
But it was in the eighteenth century when tourism became popular. Rich people in Europe started to
travel because of health and culture. They visited seaside towns and they enjoyed fresh air. Rich English
people liked to travel to Italy. They studied Italian paintings, sculpture, and architecture. They wished to be
cultural.
In the twentieth century a lot of Europeans got richer and wanted to travel. Soon there were hotels
almost everywhere. In the 1960s, tourists started to travel by plane because it was cheap, fast, and
comfortable. People discovered countries like Spain and France.
Today Spain, Italy, and France are still popular with tourists. The USA and exotic destinations
attract a lot of people, too. In these countries, travelers can find fashionable resorts, comfortable hotels, and
exciting theme parks. No wonder, tourists spend a lot of money.

43
Activity 3. Say TRUE, FALSE, DOESN‟T SAY.

1. Tourists lived in the Roman Empire. T F DS

2. Rich Romans travelled abroad. T F DS
3. Pilgrims travelled in winter. T F DS
4. Pilgrims wanted to enjoy fresh air and study paintings. T F DS
5. In the 18th century people wanted to be healthy. T F DS
6. Italy was a country popular with rich English people. T F DS
7. It wasn‘t expensive to travel by plane in the 1960s. T F DS
8. In the 1960s people didn‘t want to visit Spain. T F DS
9. Today good hotels are easy to find. T F DS

Activity 4. Define the meaning of the following word combinations from the text.

 hundred years - __________________________

 a place where a traveler can eat and sleep - ___________________
 a place between sea and land - ______________________
 a larger area near the sea - _________________________
 a traveler who walks a long way to visit a holy place - ___________________

Activity 5. Watch the presentation and say.

a) read the unknown words:

a crusade – хрестовий похід civil services – громадські послуги
a coach – екіпаж, карета incredible boom – неймовірне швидке зростання
discoveries – відкриття to cause – спричиняти
gangs of outlaws – група вигнанців

b) answer the questions:

1. What kind of transport did people use in different periods of time? Name the vehicle and the time it was
used.
2. What are the reasons for travelling in past?
3. What were the ships made for?
4. When did the first trains start travelling?
5. When and where was the first car made?
6. When were the first airlines established?
7. What is the reason for the planes to be crowded?

Activity 6. Read and answer the questions.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

Tourism is a rapidly growing industry and has environmental impact across the world.
There are many factors that help explain the growth in tourism:
More wealth - since 1950 people have become more wealthy. There is bigger income.
Greater awareness - through advertisements or television programmes people know better how and
where they can spend their free time.
More car ownership - more families own a car. This gives greater freedom to choose when and where
to spend time.
The development of technology - travelling today is much quicker. Motorways have helped to reduce
the time it takes to get to different countries. Travelling by air has become easier as you can book on line and
choose more budget options.
More leisure time - people have paid holidays from work. There is also a trend to take more than one
holiday in a year.
More choice - in the past seaside holidays are the most popular. So, people go to the seaside more
often.
1. What are the reasons for developing tourism?
2. What other factors can you add?
3. What factor is the most important in your opinion?

44
Activity 7. Study and remember the usage of the following modal verbs.

Cases of usage Examples

Shall is used to express:
1. Suggestion (пропозиція)
2. Volunteering (добровільну
допомогу), promising (обіцянку)
3. Inevitability (неминучість)
Will is used to express:
1. Desire (бажання), preference
(перевага), choice (вибір)
2. Capability (здатність)
3. Determination (рішення) or
insistence (наполегливість)
Shall we move into the living room? – Переберемося до
вітальні?
I shall take care of everything for you. – Я потурбуюся про все
для тебе.
I shall make the travel arrangements. There's no need to worry.
– Я влаштую всі заходи щодо подорожі.
Man shall explore the distant regions of the universe. – Людина
дослідить віддалені місця всесвіту.
I will accept your offer. – Я прийму твою пропозицію.
Will you please be quiet? – Тихіше, будь ласка.
This bottle will hold two litеres of wine. – Ця пляшка вмістить
2 літра вина.
The ship will take three hundred guests. – Корабель прийме
300 гостів.
I will pass my driving test. – Я здам свій екзамен з водіння.
I will do as you say. – Я зроблю все як ти скажеш.

Activity 8. Translate the following sentences.

1. Я вивчу історію туризму, тому що це моя майбутня професія.

2. Наступне літо обіцяє бути дуже спекотним, тому я поїду до модного санаторію, щоб відпочити і
подорожувати по невідомим місцям.
3. Вони користуватимуться кіньми як видом транспорту, тому що у них не буде іншого вибору.
4. Я відвідую захоплюючі тематичні парки, тому що вони скоро зруйнуються.
5. Екзотичні місця мають приваблювати багатьох туристів, але інколи це не трапляється, тому що
велика кількість людей подорожують у великі міcця.
6. Люди створять кораблі для того, щоб подорожувати до інших країн.
7. Якщо турист хоче добре відпочити, він має витратити багато грошей.
8. Поїдемо в святі місця через рік? – Якщо я стану багатим, у нас буде така можливість.
9. Іспанія та Італія популярні серед туристів, тому ти маєш обов‘язково туди поїхати.
10. Якщо він хоче бути культурнішим, він має вивчити італійські картини, скульптуру та
архітектуру.

Activity 9. Familiarize yourself with the following words.

TRAVEL VOCABULARY
1. TRAVEL (travelling) denotes long journeys especially in foreign or distant places. It is only used for
general activity of moving from place to place and implies greater distance than journey.
Travels (plural) are journeys, especially to places which are a long way away.
He came home after years of foreign travel – Він приїхав додому після довгих років чужоземної
подорожі;
Travelling by air – Подорож літаком;
Tell us more about your travels – Розкажи нам більше про свої подорожі.

2. JOURNEY denotes a travel from one place to another; it is a trip of considerable length, mainly by land.
It differs from travel in that travel is indefinite, and journey is definite, it has its appointed destination.
A train journey across Europe – Подорож потягом по Європі.

3. TOUR means ‗a long journey in which a short stay is made at a number of places in sequence‘; it may
also imply ‗a round of visits‘. At the end of the tour the traveler usually returns finally to the place from
which he started.
A bicycle tour – подорож на велосипеді.

45
4. TRIP means a short business or pleasure journey, an excursion; a journey to a place and back which is
not made regularly.
This is my first trip abroad. – Це моя перша подорож закордон.
Did you have a long trip? – У тебе була довга подорож?
We’re thinking of taking a trip to the mountains – Ми думаємо здійснити подорож до гір.

5. VOYAGE is a journey, especially a long one, by sea, or along a river or in space.

The voyage from England to India used to take six months – Подорож з Англіїї до Індії зазвичай
займає 6 місяців.

Activity 10. Translate the sentences and define choose the appropriate topical word.

Travel Journey Tour Trip Voyage

1. Подорож з Португалії до Японії має займати 5 місяців.

2. Їм слід було здійснити подорож по цій країні.
3. Мені необхідно зробити подорож з України до США через місяць.
4. Подорож моїх батьків потягом по Європі повинна бути незабутньою.
5. Її чоловікові необхідно здійснити подорож у справах до Греції.
6. Подорож по цій довгій річці повинна зайняти у них майже місяць.
7. Тобі необхідно здійснити подорож по Франції, а потім розказати нам про неї.
8. Нам слід подумати куди здійснити подорож.
9. Йому треба відправитися у довголітні подорожі.
10. Наша подорож повинна бути чудовою, тому що ми знаємо куди їдемо.

MEANS OF TRANSPORT WAYS OF TRAVELLING

Activity 1.
a) Match the English equivalents with the Ukrainian ones:

1. yacht a. траулер
2. freight train b. електричка
3. ferry c. веслувальна шлюпка
4. trawler d. яхта
5. estate car e. надзвуковий літак
6. coach f. товарний потяг
7. jet g. реактивний літак
8. supersonic aircraft h. легковий автомобіль з кузовом
9. commuter train i. автобус (міжміського сполучення)
10. rowing-boat j. пором

b) Fill in the gaps, translate the words:

y__cht, f__rry, est___te car,

fr__ght train, tr___ler, co___ch,
supers__nic air__raft, comm__ter tr__n, r___ing-b___t

Activity 2. Write each mode of transport into the way of travelling.

Estate car, yacht, freight train, express, helicopter, bus, fishing boat, passenger train, ferry, trawler,
sports car, liner, van, airplane, coach, local train, jet, tram, supersonic aircraft, commuter train,
lorry, rowing-boat, truck.

BY SEA BY AIR BY LAND BY RAIL

46
Activity 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What means of transport do you know?

2. What unusual kinds of transport do you know? What would you choose to travel?
3. What is better for you to go anywhere by car or to walk? What is safer to your mind?
4. If you need to travel on a far distance, what way of transport will you choose and why?
5. Why do many people prefer to travel by plane?
6. What are the procedures of going by plane?
7. What means of transport by sea can you name?
8. Have you ever travelled by ship?
9. What is more exciting to travel by plane or by ship?
10. What is the cheapest and the most expensive way of travelling?
11. What is the most comfortable way of travelling nowadays? Why do you think so?

Activity 4. There are some unusual kinds of transport in the list below. Try to match
the name of the vehicle with the picture.

1. hot air balloon – повітряна куля 7. monocycle – моноцикл

2. monorail – монорельс 8. barge – катер
3. recumbent bike – лежачий велосипед 9. uni-cub – моноцикл
4. powerskip – джапмер 10. zorb – зорбі
5. rickshaw – рикши 11. segway – двоколісний велосипед
6. gondola – гондола 12. tuk-tuk – триколісний велосипед

a._____ b.____ c.____

d.____ e.____ f.____

g.___ h.___ i.____

j.___ k.___ l. ____

47
Activity 5. Make a project of one of the above given modes of transport. Mention the
inventor, the year, how, where and when you can use it.

Activity 6. a) Match the English equivalents with the Ukrainian translation and learn
them.
1. departure time a. багаж вище норми
2. a seat assignment b. митна декларація
3. excess luggage c. ручна покладь
4. a carry-on bag / carry-on-luggage d. стійка реєстрації
5. customs declaration e. час відправлення
6. a check-in counter f. зона очікування вильоту
7. a departure lounge g. призначення місця

b) Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

AT THE AIRPORT
When preparing to fly, passengers are requested to arrive at the
airport 2 hours before departure time. They must register their tickets, get a
seat assignment, and weigh and check their luggage.
Most airlines have at least 2 classes of travel, first class and economy
class. Economy class tickets are much less expensive. Each passenger more
than 2 years old gets a free luggage allowance. Generally this weight limit is
20 kg of checked baggage for economy class passengers and 30 kg for first
class passengers. If you check excess luggage you‘ll have to pay a fee
calculated by the number of extra pieces and the extra weight. Every
passenger is also allowed one small carry-on bag, for instance a laptop computer or small suitcase.
The rules for passengers who are traveling abroad are similar in most countries but there are,
sometimes, slight differences. Here are some things to remember: if, for instance, you need to go through
Customs, try to fill in the customs declaration before you talk to the customs officer. He will ask every
passenger the same, routine questions about whether he is carrying anything he wants to declare: like
tobacco, alcohol, presents, and definite sums of money.
At the check-in counter, your ticket is looked at, your things are
weighed and labeled with their destination. The next formality is
filling in the immigration form and going through passport control.
Remember to have a black or blue pen with you and bear in mind that
the immigration form has to be filled in block letters. You write your
name, nationality, permanent address and the purpose of your trip. In
most countries there is also a security check when your carry-on-
luggage is inspected.
After fulfilling all these formalities you go to the departure
lounge where you can have a snack, read a newspaper or buy something in the duty-free shop and wait for
the announcement to board the plane.
When you arrive at your destination, some of these same formalities will undoubtedly be repeated.
Often while boarding the plane you will be given a customs declaration and immigration form to fill in. At
the airport you may be met by a specially trained dog whose job it is to make sure that no passengers are
carrying any illegal drugs. In addition, the immigration officer might want to inspect your visa, your
invitation and even your return ticket.

c) Write a plan to this text and get ready to retell it.

Activity 7. a) Read the following words with translation:

1. ID – ідентифікаційна картка 7. aisle seat – місце біля проходу

2. check-in baggage – зареєстрований багаж
3. hand-baggage – ручна покладь
4. backpack – рюкзак
5. cabin – салон
6. window seat – місце біля вікна
8. security check – перевірка на безпеку
9. boarding pass – посадковий талон
10. security tag – ідентифікатор захисту
11. to proceed – продовжувати
12. to delay – затримувати

48
b) Listen to the dialogues “At the airport”. Intone them.

At the security gate

- Hello! Can I see your ID and ticket, please?
- Sure. Here‘s my ID and my ticket.
- Thank you. You may proceed to the check-in counter.
At the check-in counter
- Good evening. Welcome to A1 Airlines. Please, give me your
ticket and ID.
- Here they are.
- Thank you. Do you have any check-in baggage?
- Yes. I have one suitcase.
- Ok. Any hand-baggage?
- Yes, I‘m carrying my backpack into the cabin.
- Here‘s a security tag for your cabin-baggage. Please, attach the tag to your bag.
- Thank you.
Choosing the seat
- Would you like the window seat or the aisle seat?
- I think I will go for the aisle seat this time.
- Sure, sir. I can give you the aisle seat.
- Thanks. That will be very nice.
- You are welcome. Your seat number is 6D.
At the baggage checking machine
- Please, take out your laptop and mobile phone and put it in this
tray.
- Alright.
- You can proceed to the security check. Please, remember to collect your items after the check.
- Thank you. I will.
At the security check
- Please, empty your pockets and put the contents in the tray, and hand me your boarding pass.
- Sure.
- Please, raise your hands and keep them raised while I inspect you.
- No problems.
- Ok. You are cleared to go. Here‘s your boarding pass.
- Thank you.

c) Learn the dialogues by heart and be ready to role-play them.

Activity 8. Listen to the song and do the tasks.

Alabama - Take a Little Trip

a) Listen to the first part of the song. Fill in the missing words.

If we could_________ this big old city

And head for the cabin we _______
Back deep in the ________
Woah, ________ we would
If we could _______ some big ol' jet plane
And head for the islands
Where the _________ is always good
Oh, don't you know we would

Well we can't do this and we can't do that

But baby we can stay right where we're at
Take a ______ _______, take a little trip
Take a little trip up to _______ tonight
Take a little time leave it all _________
Take a little trip up to heaven ________

49
b) Translate the words, while listening to the second part of the song.

We could go down місто (_______) to a nightclub

And танцювати (___________) to the rhythm of the music
On that old деревина (________)
Woah, baby we could
We could call up Rita and Bobby
And see what they're doing сьогодні ввечері (______________)
And можливо (________) play some rook
Yeah, baby we could

Yeah, now we можемо робити це (_____________) this or we can do that

Or baby we can залишатися (________) right where we're at
Take a little trip, take a little trip
Take a маленький (________) trip up to небеса (________) tonight
Take мало часу (________) leave it all behind
Take a little trip you and me out of погляд (_______)

Pull down the shades вимкни (_____________) the lights

Take a little trip up to heaven tonight
Take a little trip, take a little подорож (_______________)
Take a little trip up to heaven tonight
(Take a little) Take a little trip
(Take a little trip) Me and you me out of sight

Pull down the тіні (_________) turn out the вогні (______)
Take a little trip up to heaven tonight.

c) Sing and learn it.

Activity 9. Scan the table, memorize the cases of usage of the modal verb “to be to”.

Cases of usage Examples

Modal verb ―to be to‖ is used to express: The test is to check your skills. – Тест для того,
A purpose or a plan. (Виражає мету/ціль або щоб перевірити ваші граматичні навички.
план)
Strict prohibition. (Сувора заборона) He is not to speak about our intentions with
anybody. – Він не повинен ні з ким говорити про
наші наміри.
A strict order or instruction. (Сувора вимога) You are not to come back home late. – Ти не
Структура в заперечній формі може повинен пізно повертатись додому.
використовуватися для заборони.
To be to + have done means obligation arising The train was to have arrived already. – Потяг мав
out of an arrangement or plan. (Виражає уже прибути (але ще не прибув).
необхідність виконати дію за домовленністю)
Keep in mind!
The modal verb ―to be to‖ is always used in present and in past!

Activity 10. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. You are to be at the airport in two hours before the departure to be in time with all procedures.
2. I am to pass the security check other way, I will not be allowed to fly.
3. The students are to occupy the aisle seats for them to not look out of the window because most of them
are afraid of height.
4. She is to have arrived to the airport at 5:30 to meet her friends who arrive from Washington at 5 p.m.
sharp.
5. They are to meet their relatives at the railway station to help them to carry very heavy bags with presents.

50
6. You are to travel by recumbent bike to have more fun!
7. She is to go by hot air balloon to surprise her parents and everybody around.
8. He took her to this little town by barge and he thought it was to be romantic.
9. His father is to have gone home from work by segway, because it‘s quicker than by uni-cub.
10. My parents are to have emptied pockets before checking because it‘s obligatory for all people.
11. He says that we are to wait for the plane to arrive because it‘s delayed.
12. Your husband is to have handed me his boarding pass.

Activity 11. Translate into English.

1. Їй необхідно було з‘явитися біля стійки реєстрації о 7 годині рівно. (але вона не з‘явилася)
2. Моя ручна покладь не повинна бути вище норми. (але вона була)
3. Їй сьогодні належить проводжати його. Вона дуже хвилюється.
4. В котрій годині вони повинні прибути в місто?
5. Наших родичів необхідно було викликати у зону очікування вильоту. (але не викликали)
6. Час відправлення нашого літака необхідно змінити.
7. Ми повинні заповнити митну декларацію негайно, тому що ми сідаємо в літак. (але не
заповнили)
8. Мені належало вперше летіти літаком.
9. Я повинен обрати місце біля вікна в літаку, тому що я хочу насолоджуватися краєвидами.
10. Нам належить організувати поїздку.
11. Я пройшла по салону літака і зайняла своє місце біля вікна.
12. Поки він пакував свій рюкзак вдома, вона заповнювала митну декларацію.

KINDS OF TRAVELLING
There are different kinds of travelling which people experience. You can travel on your own as well
as with a group of people. You can also take some pieces of advice that travel agencies recommend or plan
your tours independently. So it is up to you!

Activity 1. Read the following quotes about travelling. Choose your favourite one and
explain why you like it. Find more quotes at home.

1. “I dislike feeling at home when I am abroad.” George Bernard Shaw (Irish playwright)
2. “The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Lao Tzu
3. “Travel brings power and love back into your life.” Rumi
4. “The traveler sees what he sees. The tourist sees what he has come to see.” G.K. Chesterton
5. “If you reject the food, ignore the customs, fear the religion, and avoid the people, you might better stay
home.” James A. Michener

Solo Travelling
Activity 2. a) Read, translate the text, write out and learn the unknown words.

GO ALONG AND FIND

YOURSELF
After two days in Florence, Italy, I had already met some
fascinating people. When you are with a companion it‘s easy to
focus on that person and forget about meeting Europeans and
other travellers. Without the comfortable crutch of a friend, you
are more likely to know the joys of self-discovery and the
pleasures found in the kindness of strangers. You will be exploring
yourself as well as a new country and culture. Solo travel gives you complete freedom and independence and
you can follow your own schedule. You can decide where to go, how far to travel, how much to spend and
when to *call it a day. Traveling by yourself, you only have to please yourself. Traveling alone is not
uncommon and most solo travelers are able to meet other travelers at hostels, bars, organized tours.

51
 Of course, there are downsides to travelling alone.
Accommodation typically costs more because you are not splitting the
bill and you may be more vulnerable to theft. There's nobody to watch
your back. And there's no one to watch the luggage while you go to
buy train tickets. You have to carry all your gear yourself, which can
be both inconvenient and stressful. But the biggest struggle is
loneliness. If you don‘t feel comfortable travelling alone, consider
joining a tour. I have talked to many people who put off their travel
dreams because they don‘t want to do it alone: don‘t delay – just go!

*To call it a day – бути задоволеним

b) Find the English equivalents from the text and make up sentences using modal verbs:

чарівні люди
підтримка друга
доброта незнайомців
досліджувати себе
слідувати своєму власному маршруту
недоліки
уразливий

c) Say whether the statements are true or false.

1. Many people are afraid to travel alone but it can be a rewarding experience.
2. People do not learn things about themselves when they travel.
3. The author thinks it is better to stay home than to travel without friends.
4. Solo travel gives you complete freedom and independence.
5. The author thinks it is better not to join a tour when you don‘t feel comfortable to travel alone.

d) Choose the correct variant:

1. What did the author do in Florence?

a) he ate lots of tasty things
b) he met fascinating people
c) he rode in a taxi
2. According to the author, which of the following
can you enjoy when you travel solo:
a) self-discovery
b) self-confidence
c) self-reliance
3. Which of the following best describes the decisions you can make when you travel
solo:
a) where to go, how much to spend, when to rest
b) where to go, how much to sleep, when to rest
c) where to go, how much to spend, when to eat
4. Which of the following is something negative about traveling solo:
a) more expensive food
b) more expensive hotel rooms
c) more expensive airfare
5. Which of the following is an advantage of joining a tour:
a) not being alone
b) not being hungry
c) not being tired
6. Generally speaking, what does the author think people should do?
a) decide to travel by themselves
b) find a tour group to join
c) follow their travel dreams

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Activity 3. Watch the video at home and
a) write the Ukrainian translation of the English words:

1. discounts –
2. out of the question –
3. group member support –
4. protection –
5. cost sharing –
6. to split –
7. to assign –

b) match one part of the sentence with the other:

1.Travelling with a group usually has a privilege of a) at least one person from the group has a good
2. It‘s out of the question that group travelers grasp of the country.
3. At the time of the accident or emergency group b) can support you.
members c) tasks among the group.
4. To travel in a group you have a better position to d) getting lots of discounts from airlines, hotels
protect or even tour operators.
5. If you are going to rent a car or eat at a restaurant, e) you can split the cost among the group
6. You can assign members.
7. You travel to the place that you have no prior f) have more fun than an individual.
knowledge of a language or a culture, g) yourself from the strangers or robbers.

Activity 4. Write all advantages and disadvantages of travelling alone and travelling with
a group of people.

Activity 5. Express your personal opinion concerning travelling alone and in groups. What
do you prefer?

Activity 6. Read, translate and make up sentence with these words using different
modal verbs. Learn the words at home.

1. an ax – сокира 6. an inflatable life raft – надувний пліт

2. a nylon rope – нейлонова мотузка 7. flippers – ласти
3. a fishing rod – вудка 8. a carrier – баклажка
4. a lantern – ліхтар 9. goggles – захисні окуляри
5. a flare – сигнальна ракета

Activity 7. The ability to pack the right things for different kinds of holidays is very
important. Sort out the items of clothing and equipment given in the box below according
to the place where you are going to have a rest. Mind that one thing can be taken on
different kinds of holidays.

a tent several bars of black chocolate a supply of food a pair of sandals

an ax nylon rope a storm lantern high-heeled shoes
ski gloves medicine a pack of cards a pair of goggles
jewellry first Aid kit a sleeping bag a map of the area
a camera a warm thick sweater an air mattress flat heeled shoes
a dress fishing rods a pack of flares a dressing gown
a rucksack a surfboard orange inflatable life raft beach towels
matches magnetic compass flippers and diving mask an army knife
an umbrella sun glasses a fancy-dress costume a guide book
a drinking water carrier cosmetic kit

53
 Hiking And Touring Around
Holiday Climbing
Sea Cruise Camping In The Home Or Foreign
At The Sea Mountains
Forest Country

Activity 8. Choose the kind of travelling from the previous activity and write a crammed
story, using the words from the certain column.

Activity 9. Listen to the song and do the tasks.

Tom Cochrane - Life Is a Highway

a) Listen to the first part of the song and match the beginning of the line with its
ending.
Life's like to the distant shore
When there's one day here and the next day gone
Sometimes you bend won't haunt you anymore
Sometimes you turn sometimes you stand
There's a world outside a road that you travel on
Where blues every darkened Door
Where the brave are free left today
Come ride with me and lovers soar
We won't hesitate your back to the wind
There's not much break down the garden gate

b) Listen to the second part of the song and arrange the lines correctly.
[Chorus]
____I want to ride it all night long
____Life is a highway
____I want to drive it all night long
____If you're going my way

c) Fill in the gaps

Through all the cities and all these ____________
It's in my ___________ and it's all around
I _________ ______ now like I loved you then
This is __________ and these are ___________
From Mozambique to those Memphis nights
The Khyber pass to Vancouver's __________
Knock me down get back up again
You're in my blood I'm not a ____________ man

There's no load I can't ____________

Road so rough this I know
I'll be there when the light comes in
Tell 'em we're survivors

[Chorus: Repeat x2]

There was a __________ between you and I

A misunderstanding once but now
We look it in the eye

There's no load I can't __________

Road so rough this I ___________
I'll be there when the ____________ comes in
Tell 'em we're __________________

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Activity 10. Scan the scheme and remember the usage of the modals “should”, “would”
and “ought to”.
Cases of usage Examples
Modal verb should is used to express: You should go there right now. (advice to go now)
1) advice – Тобі слід їти туди саме зараз.

2) the modal verb should in the meaning "advice" You shouldn't park here. (advice not to park your
can replace must in the meanings "strong car here) – Тобі не слід паркуватися тут.
necessity" and "prohibition" if the speaker wants You must not park here. (prohibition: You are not
to sound less categorical. allowed to park here.) – Тобі заборонено
паркуватися тут.
3) should + have done shows that the speaker I should have studied harder for my exams. I
feels that the past action (or absence of action) failed two of them. – Мені слід було навчатися
was a mistake. краще до екзаменів. Я завалив два з них.

Modal verb ought to is used to express: You ought to be more patient with people. – Тобі
1. moral duty or obligation. слід бути більш терплячим з людьми.
2. ought + not + have done means some wrong You oughtn’t to have told her my secret. – Тобі
action. не слід було розказувати їй мою таємницю.

The modal verb ought to is a close synonym for
should. It is used in giving all kinds of advice too,
but should is much more common than ought to. In
American English, should is generally used
instead of ought to in questions, in negative
statements, and in the past.
You ought to write a letter to Maria. / You should
write a letter to Maria. – Тобі слід написати
листа Марії.
You ought to have written a letter to Tom. / You
should have written a letter to Tom. – Тобі слід
було написати листа Тому.

Modal verb would is used to express:
1. polite request or an offer.
2. disapproval or smth expected.
Would you please invite me as soon as he returns
to the office? – Чи не могли б ви мене будь ласка
запросити як тільки він повернеться до офісу?
You would say something rude! - Звичайно, ти
знову сказав щость грубе!
You would tell him, though you promised to keep
it in secret. – Ти все ж таки сказав йому, хоча ти
пообіцяв тримати це в таємниці.

Activity 11. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Тобі слід взяти палатку, сокиру, рюкзак, сірники, ліки та вудки, коли ти будеш подорожувати в
горах.
2. Туристам слід було взяти сандалі, фотоапарат, посібник, карту місцевості та парасольку, коли
вони подорожували по дощовій Англії (але не взяли).
3. Їхній подрузі не слід було везти коштовності, набір косметики, взуття на високих підборах та
сукні до своїх родичів, тому що вони попросили її весь час працювати в саду (але вона повезла).
4. Такому багатому чоловікові слід завжди користуватися дошкою для серфінгу, захисними
окулярами, пляжними рушниками, коли він подорожує до Маямі.
5. Їй слід придбати лижні рукавички, теплий светр, магнітний компас та набір першої медичної
допомоги, тому що вона збирається провести свої зимні канікули у горах.
6. Якщо ви плануєте залишитися в лісі на кілька днів, вам слід взяти сокиру, ліхтарик, спальний
мішок, баклажку питної води та армійський ніж.
7. Тобі слід було потурбуватися про запас їжі, надувний матрац, сигнальні ракети, нейлонову
мотузку та черевики на низьких підборах, якщо ти хотів здійснити подорож (але не
потурбувався).
8. Він проспав сьогодні. Йому слід було користуватися будильником, але зрештою він встиг і коли
він сидів у салоні літака він був задоволеним.
9. Йому слід було звернути увагу на час прибуття потягу (але не звернув).
10. Не слід нам було брати сукні та коштовності в пішу прогулянку в гори (але ми взяли).
11. Тобі не слід було запрошувати його на вечірку.
12. Чи не змогли б ви покликати свою дружину в залу очікування вильоту?

55
 Activity 12. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. You will have to take matches while hiking and camping.

2. If you have sea cruise, you should not take a warm thick sweater, an army knife and an umbrella.
3. She should have used a guide book while touring around foreign country but she did not want to.
4. You ought to go to the travel agency, they will advise what places of interest to visit.
5. You ought to have taken an inflatable life raft, but you didn‘t.
6. Did you have to use a magnetic compass while climbing mountains?
7. I had to find out everything about climbing the mountains.
8. I am to travel alone to solve my personal problems and think what to do next.
9. They had to make a journey and choose what places to visit to call it a day.
10. You don‘t have to take high-heeled shoes while camping in the forest.
11. We oughtn‘t to have made up this story about our travellings!
12. You would have gone to the ocean but you promised to stay in the city.

PLANNING A TRIP WITH A HELP OF

TOUR OPERATORS OR BY YOURSELF?
Activity 1. Read and translate into Ukrainian.

TOUR OPERATORS
Tour operators are the people who
package or put together tours. They can be large
travel companies like Thomas Cook or American
Express, the airline and shipping companies or
independent operators.
Guided tour is a tour for sightseeing purposes,
that is accompanied by a guide.
Independent traveler is a traveler or tourist who
is travelling on his own.
Most businessmen are independent travelers, too.
Travelling on business has been one of the growth sectors of the travel industry in the past decade. Being
able to make an international telephone calls from the cabin of a jet at 30,000 feet, for example, will
increasingly be seen as an essential part of international business travel.
Packaged tours offer transportation, hotel accommodations and
transfer to and from the airport. In addition, the packaged tours may also
offer meals, entertainment, sightseeing or a rental car.
The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas
Cook in 1841. Cook was soon offering tours all over the world. The
typical package that the European tour operators put together consisted
of the least expensive two-week holiday tour. It was primarily intended
for northern Europeans who wanted a Mediterranean vacation. As the
competition among the operators brought prices down, many people
who had never travelled before were encouraged to try a trip abroad.
Both tourism in general and the tour operating companies themselves
expanded very quickly.

Activity 2. Think and answer.

1. What are the disadvantages of packaged tours in your opinion?

2. Why are tours less expensive than independent travelling?
3. How are packaged tours developing in Ukraine?
4. What is the best known tour operator in Ukraine?

Activity 3. Watch the video “At the travel agency” and

a) fill in the gaps:

56
 Booking a ticket
- Hello, I need to schedule my trip to ________ for next week?
- When would you like to ___________?
- I have to reach Paris by the ____________.
- Is this a round trip? Will you need a return __________, too?
- Yes. Check that for the 31st _____________?
- Yes. There‘s nonstop _________ to Paris from Kennedy airport on the 24th at 6 a.m. On the 31st you
may board flight ________ which is also nonstop at 4:30 p.m.
- Okay, fine. I think that can __________ for me.
- Would you like ____________ the tickets then?
- What‘s the cost?
- It‘ll be __________.
- Do you accept cards?
- ________, we do.

b) make corrections:

Enquiring for a lower fare

- How may I help you?
- I need to book three tickets in economy class for Rome on the 29th of June.
- Okay…Yes, here‘s a flight on ANA from Cleveland to Tokyo. Would you like the return tickets,
too?
- No, just one way. How much is the fare?
- It would be $3560 for three tickets.
- Are there any other cheaper flights?
- This is the cheapest for that day. However, if you book for the 2nd of July, you‘ll have to pay only $
2400 for the three tickets on JAL.
- I see. Let me talk to my mother I‘ll call you back.

c) translate the words from the dialogue:

Cancelling a Booking
- Hello, I need to (скасувати) my flight to Tokyo.
- Okay. Do you know (дата) and (номер бронювання)?
- I (замовити) it yesterday. It‘ll be under Emma Brown, number Z21455.
- Alright, here it is. It‘s flight 1200 to Tokyo on June 2nd, right?
- Seat numbers 88A and 88B.
- Yeah, yeah. That‘s the one.
- Would you like to cancel (обидва) of them?
- Yes.
- You will (отримати назад) only 85% of the fare.
- I understand.
- Alright. Would you like to (замовити) another flight?
- No, but I will be back to you soon.
- Thank you Mrs. Watson, let me cancel your (квиток).

Activity 4. Watch the video and do the tasks:

a) Read the unknown words:

spontaneity – спонтанність
option – вибір
lavish – багатий
higher-end – з великими можливостями
preferably – краще
itinerary – маршрут
to blend in – бути схожим
waitstaff – офіціант
conductive – провідний

57
 b) Write out all the things that a traveler needs and try to explain why.

c) fill in the gaps:

Step 1 Plan ahead

Research your travel destination. Though spontaneity is one of the joys of ____________________, knowing
a bit about where you're going is key when you don't have _____________________ along to
___________________ figure out things like ______________________.
Step 2 Get a room
Consider your ________________ options. Less __________________ accommodations are more likely to
attract other single travelers who, like you, don't have someone to split the cost of a room. On the other hand,
you may feel __________ in a higher-end hotel. Whatever you decide, make sure to _________________ a
room for your first night in town.
Step 3 Travel light
Pack only as much as you can easily ___________________ by yourself - preferably in one carry-on bag to
minimize the risk of ___________________. Leave expensive ___________________ at home.
Step 4 Stay in touch
Leave your itinerary - or at least a general idea of where you'll be - with a few loved ones. Take a copy of
your _________________ with you, and leave them a copy as well as your ______________________
numbers. E-mail yourself numbers to call if your cards are lost or stolen. If you're traveling abroad, make
sure your cell phone has _______________ service.
Step 5 Blend in
Blend in with your surroundings. If you're in a ____________________ country, memorize a few key
________________ and dress according to local ___________________. Consider buying a few items that
will help you look like a native.
Step 6 Take a tour
Take a _______________, a cooking class, or some other activity; they're great ways to meet other
________________. Consult ________________ about local events, or ask your hotel to help you make
arrangements.
Step 7 Eat out
Don't be shy about going to ________________ by yourself and chatting with other diners and waitstaff; a
great way to do that is by eating at the bar. Having _______________ at your hotel and snacking at outdoor
cafes are also conducive to making _________________.
Step 8 Stay safe
Stay safe. Write notes and directions on index cards before you leave your hotel; if you must take out
_______________, do it discreetly. Avoid __________________ areas and don't tell _________________
you're traveling alone. Above all, trust your instincts. If something feels wrong, get out of the situation.

d) answer the questions:

1. Why should you plan your trip/destination ahead?
2. Where can you feel safer: in lavish accommodation or in higher-end hotels?
3. Why shouldn‘t you take jewelry while travelling?
4. What for to leave your natives copies of your passport?
5. Do you agree that while travelling you should dress according to local fashion?
6. Would you like to meet new friends or just visit places of interest while travelling?

Activity 5. Scan the scheme and remember the usage of the modal “dare”.

As a modal verb dare has two forms: dare for the present and dared for the past. It is used mostly in
interrogative and negative sentences. 'Dare' means 'to have the courage to do something' (мати мужність
зробити щось). In negative sentences it denotes lack of courage to do something (брак мужності
зробити щось).
She dare not open her mouth. (She hasn‘t got the courage.) – Вона не насмілюється відкрити рот.
Dare he tell them what he knows? (Is he brave enough to tell them?) – Він насмілюється розказати їм
що він знає?
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I/ you/ we/ they dare say this. I/ you/ we/ they dare not say this. Dare I/ you/ we/ they say this?
She/he dare say this. She/he dare not say this. Dare she/he say this?

58
Activity 6. Translate the sentences.

1. Він насмілився запропонувати вибір щодо наспупної подорожі.

2. У неї не вистачило сміливості зупинитися в цьому багатому готелі.
3. Коли мої батьки подорожували, вони спланували свій маршрут до того, як залишили нашу
батьківщину.
4. Моя сестра насмілюється здійснити подорож до Китаю і зробити все, щоб бути схожою на
мешканців.
5. Їй дуже сподобалися офіціанти, але вона не насмілилася навіть заговорити з ними.
6. Мій племінник дуже сором‘язливий і тому він не наважується користуватися знижками.
7. Коли його племінниця поїхала до іншої країни, вона наважилася попросити захист в готелі.
8. Він насмілився здійснити мандрівку з Англії до Італії на надувному плоті.
9. Як вони насмілилися зупинитися у готелі з великими можливостями, якщо у них не було багато
грошей?
10. Він не наважився поїхати до того модного санаторію, тому що там була його родичка, з якою у
нього були погані відносини.

Activity 7. Translate the sentences.

1. I can travel abroad because I have a lot of money.

2. I may travel to this country if I have any opportunity.
3. I have to travel to that city because they have invited me.
4. I need travel to East because I want to buy something exotic.
5. I must travel to my native village, because I haven‘t seen my parents for ages.
6. I could have travelled to Paris but I am going to Rome!
7. I should travel to the mountains to climb them.
8. I should have travelled to the USA but I changed my mind.
9. I ought to travel to the city where my sister stays, because she is ill.
10. I oughtn‘t to have travelled to the seaside because there was a great storm there.
11. I would travel to this city, though I wanted to travel to another one.
12. I would travel to that criminal street!
13. Shall I travel to the space?
14. I will travel to this place no matter what will happen.
15. I am to have travelled to the airport of that country, because they waited for me.

Activity 8. Make up sentences with the word “to go” using all the modal verbs.

Activity 9. Read and translate the text.

TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION
Travelers usually stay in hotels, inns and campsites. B
usinessmen who come to a city for a short stay try to find
accommodation in the centre of the city. Hikers and motorists stay
in campsites. Holidaymakers who travel with their children look
for accommodation in old country inns.
There are the following hotel types according to the
international standards:
Motor Hotel is a hotel with parking facilities and other
services for motorists.
Motel has parking and other services for motorists. As a rule
it is situated on a motorway. There is a restaurant or cooking facilities on its territory.
Commercial Hotel is usually situated in the town centre. Clients mainly consist of travelling
businessmen who stay for a couple of nights only.
Airport hotel is situated near an airport. Clientele mainly consists of airline stuff and travelling by air
who only stay for one night.
Congress Hotel has all necessary meeting and exhibition facilities, audiovisual equipment and banquet
rooms for large and small groups.
Health Spa is a hotel; offering medical treatment, physical exercise and other recreational facilities for
their guests.

59
 Summer Hotel can be in operation only during the summer months. It is often used as a student
dormitory in winter time.
Holiday Village consists of a number of a small individual cottages or bungalows normally with
cooking facilities.
Hostel is a kind of a modest, moderately priced hotel, as a rule it has sleeping and breakfast facilities
only.
There are also other types of moderately priced accommodation: an inn, a motor lodge, and a youth
hostel.
There are the following main room types in a hotel:
Single room is a room occupied by one person. Double room has a large bed for two people. Twin
room is a room with two single beds for two people. Studio room has both one bed and a convertible sofa.
Suite has a sitting room connected to one or more bedrooms. Junior suite is a large room with a partition
separating the bedroom furnishing from the sitting area. Parlour is a sitting room not used as a bedroom.
Hospitality room / Display room is a room used for entertaining (cocktail parties, banquets etc.)
Connecting rooms are two rooms with private, connecting doors. You can move from one room to another
without going to corridor). Adjoining rooms are two or more rooms side by side with a connecting door
between them.

Activity 10. Read the words and give the definitions to them.

Motor Hotel_____________________________________________________________________________
Motel __________________________________________________________________________________
Commercial Hotel _______________________________________________________________________
Airport hotel____________________________________________________________________________
Congress Hotel __________________________________________________________________________
Health Spa______________________________________________________________________________
Summer Hotel___________________________________________________________________________
Holiday Village__________________________________________________________________________
Hostel__________________________________________________________________________________
Single room_____________________________________________________________________________
Double room____________________________________________________________________________
Twin room______________________________________________________________________________
Studio room_____________________________________________________________________________
Suite___________________________________________________________________________________
Junior suite_____________________________________________________________________________

Activity 11. Listen to the dialogue, make the correct order, intone and learn it:

Booking a hotel
- Sure, we can help you find a great place.
- Okay, book that for 3 nights then, from the 24th to the 26th of this month.
- Certainly, just give us a sec…Okay, here‘s one. It‘s the Bellandonna on Locke Avenue.
- That‘s all for now, thank you!
- What are the rates for 1 person?
- I‘d like to book a hotel in Paris, please.
- Certainly Sir, is there anything else I can help you with?
- Well, I need a budget hotel that‘s near the marketplaces.
- It costs $150 per night. The room is big and has one queen size bed.

Activity 12. Read the dialogue and make up your own dialogues.

to afford oneself smth. дозволити собі щось

duplex напівлюкс
a chamber кімната
a convertible sofa розкладний диван
bedroom furnishing меблі в спальні
stairway сходи
a cocktail party вечірка з коктейлем

60
 Dialogue
Receptionist: Good evening. Can I help you?
Mr. Rawson: Yes. I‘ve booked a room for the next three nights.
Receptionist: Could you give me your name, please?
Mr. Rawson: Yes. It‘s Rawson. John Rawson.
Receptionist: Ah yes, Mr. Rawson. Here it is. A single with a bath until the 27 th. Would you fill in this
Registration Card while I prepare your Key Card?
Mr. Rawson: Certainly. Ah good, it‘s in English. Let me see … name … first name … Why do you need
these passport details?
Receptionist: They are for the Police Department. We have to ask you for this information by law.
Mr. Rawson: Here you are. I think I‘ve filled it in correctly.
Receptionist: Yes, that‘s fine, Mr. Rawson. Here‘s your key. It‘s room 708 on the seventh floor and the
daily rate is 30,000 lire, excluding breakfast. And here‘s your Key Card with details of your booking on the
floor. Inside, it tells you about all the services the hostel can provide. You should carry it at all times. You‘ll
need it as identification in the hotel bars and restaurants if you want drinks and meals charged to your
account.
Mr. Rawson: Right. I‘ll take good care of that. You mentioned food. Is it possible to get something to eat
this late?
Receptionist: Yes, our Belvedere restaurant is still open. Or if you want something lighter, there‘s the
Coffee Shop. It‘s open round the clock.
Mr. Rawson: Good. I‘ll put my luggage in my room first. How do I get to it?
Receptionist: Don‘t worry about that. The porter will take your bags up in the lift and show you your room.
Mr. Rawson: Right. Thank you very much. Good night.

PLACES TO VISIT
Activity 1. Match the phrases given below with their English equivalents and learn them.

1. double-decker buses a. непередбачувані події

2. black London cabs b. двоповерхові автобуси
3. used to be fifty years ago c. поліпшити ситуацію
4. unpredictable events d. чорні таксі Лондону
5. to improve the situation e. щось безпечніше і менш енергічне
6. congestion charges f. було 50 років тому
7. footpaths for walking holidays g. пішохідні доріжки для прогулянок на свята
8. something a bit safer and less energetic h. плата за в'їзд
9. to calculate distances in miles i. лівосторонній рух
10. to drive on the left j. незважаючи на це все
11. despite all of this k. завзятий велосипедист
12. keen cyclist l. вираховувати відстань у милях

Activity 2. Read and translate the text.

GETTING AROUND BRITAIN

In Britain, we still calculate distances in miles and we still
drive on the left. Though just to be difficult, there is one road in London, near
the Savoy Hotel, where you have to drive on the right! Many of Britain's roads
follow ancient Roman roads and you have to pay at some old tall bridges dating
back hundreds of years. In London, we still have red double-decker buses and
black London cabs. Before they can work, London cab drivers still have to
spend about 18 months learning all about the streets of London to get 'the
knowledge'.
However, not everything about British transport is as it used to be fifty
years ago. There are now more than 25 million cars on our roads so traffic jams
are common on Britain's motorways, like the infamous M25 around London.
And even though we invented the railways, our train network is not in a terribly
good state; you get delays caused by unpredictable events such as 'leaves on the lines' in autumn. To improve
the situation in transport, the government is investing a lot of money in the railways and coming out with
'new' ideas like toll motorways and congestion charges in major cities like London.

61
 Despite all of this, there are some fantastic ways of getting
around the country and enjoying yourself at the same time. For
example, you can go on a cycling holiday. Britain has thousands of
miles of quiet country lanes and forest tracks which are ideal for
keen cyclists. There are even more footpaths for walking holidays
from one end of the country to the other, like Offa's Dyke Footpath
on the lovely borders of England and Wales. For the more
adventurous, there are plenty of places for horse riding and
canoeing as well as hang-gliding, paragliding and ballooning.
If you want something a bit safer and less energetic, go on a narrow boat. Britain has a great network of
canals, a lot of them going through spectacular countryside. Another relaxed option is to go on one of
Britain's many steam railways like the Severn. Valley Railway or the Snowdon Railway which goes up the
highest mountain in Wales. Just sit back and enjoy it!

Activity 3. Write out the underline words and phrases and make sentences with them,
using Present Simple.

Activity 4. Read the text and answer the questions.

1. What is "the knowledge"?

2. What are Britain's biggest transport problems?
3. Why is Britain good for cycling and walking?
4. What are the advantages of canal boats and steam railways?
5. Which places in the text would you like to visit? Why?

Activity 5. Write out peculiarities of transport in Britain and compare them with the
Ukrainian ones.

Activity 6. Which of the sentences about Britain do you think are true? To prove your
answer find some additional information.

1. Most phone boxes are red.

2. Phone calls are cheaper in the evening.
3. Restaurant tips are usually 10%.
4. "Bed and breakfasts" and youth hostels are not very expensive.
5. Plugs in Britain are the same as the rest of Europe.
6. In Britain it is usually between 25C and 30C in summer.

Activity 7. Read the text “Americans and Travel” and restore the original
order of the paragraphs, match each with its heading.

A. The Americans are the mobile nation.

B. Travelling overseas.
C. Nature fascinates and attracts the Americans greatly.
___________________________________________________
Americans enjoy travelling greatly. Most Americans embrace it as no
other nation can. The reason for this is the average American moves at
least 10 minutes in his/her lifetime. Mobility and being on the road create a
wonderful sensation to the American people. It is also true that American
history can be viewed through lens that examines movement (especially
westward).
__________________________________________________
Americans also enjoy international travel. In almost every European
city, you are bound to bump into an American traveler. Since the 1950s,
more and more middle class Americans have made their way to Europe.
Americans view the ―Old World‖ with much respect and interest. The reason for this is simply that the
majority of the population in the USA trace their ancestry back to some European country. Today, the most
common sites (besides monuments and museums) in Paris, Berlin, Amsterdam, Rome, Prague, Stockholm,

62
Budapest, etc. are young American backpackers. Usually, these budget travelers have a Eurail Ticket (a
special rail pass that allows about a month‘s worth of unlimited travel) and they often stay in youth hostels.
The young American travelers, should you ever happen to meet one, are adventurous and eager to meet new
people. Try to strike up a conversation with one of them, and your efforts will most likely (and hopefully) be
rewarded. These travelling American wish, in at least some way, to reach back to the mystique of the past.
___________________________________________________
Although many families do enjoy spending their holidays at home, the majority of them hit the road.
They may do something simple and low in budget, like rent a cabin in the wilderness or near the seaside.
They might also go to one of the many campgrounds that dot the USA. Overall, many Americans strive to
simply ―get away from it all‖ (the hectic life of the city and work ). One popular method to escape the stress
is to visit national parks, such as Yellowstone or the Grand Canyon. About 60 million people visit
Yellowstone each year. Six hundred million visitors opt to go to the national parks. The wilderness intrigues
the people of the US. Maybe it is the fascination with times long gone – the wilderness frontier that draws so
many people to it. Hiking and pathfinding become more and more popular each year. The feeling of being
alone with nature is something that is indescribable to most.

Activity 8. Find the English translation to English equivalents and make up a crammed
story with them.

Чудове почуття –
Міжнародна подорож –
Багато поваги та цікавості –
Наслідувати своє походження –
Молоді американські піші туристи –
Почати розмову –
Відвідувати національні парки –
Дика місцевість інтригує –
Бути неописаним –

Activity 9. Find words in the text which fit the following definition slots.

1. …………………………. = to make use of or accept eagerly;

2. …………………………. = (inf.) to start on a journey; leave;
3. …………………………. = to cover in great number;
4. …………………………. = to make a choice;
5. …………………………. = to meet by chance;
6. …………………………. = a person‘s ancestors as a group.

Activity 10. Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions: through (2), by, of, as, at (3),
for (2), off and translate the text into Ukrainian.

Many years ago, while I was travelling ____ the USA ____ train I had the chance to visit the most ____
the major American cities and admire the fantastic scenery. One day, ____ the train was passing ____ the
countryside it suddenly stopped ____ a small picturesque village because of engine problems. While we
were waiting ____ the train to be repaired, we got ____ to do some sights ____a couple of hours. I went to a
cozy restaurant where I enjoyed some wonderful local cuisine and tasted some exquisite wine. ______the
end, I didn‘t mind the delay ____all.

Activity 11. Choose the most suitable word from the brackets and translate the text
into Ukrainian at home.

The first time I (visited/stayed) Golden Beach I was on holiday with my family. A friend of ours
(told/advised) us that it was the best beach in the (area/district). When we (came /arrived) we saw
hundreds of people (laying/lying) on the beach (enjoying/ entertaining) the sunshine. We were a bit
(moved/disappointed) as we didn‘t (expect/realize) it was going to be (filled/crowded).
We had been searching for fifteen minutes before we (really/actually) found a (strip/spot) to sit down.
We put our things down and (stretched/relaxed). We had been sitting (in/on) the sun for about an hour
when we suddenly realized we were getting (ready/sunburnt). So we decided to go for a swim. The water
was (fresh/refreshing) that we swam for an hour. After that, we went to the bar for a snack. Much to our

63
(excuse/surprise) when we get back to our (spot/strip), all of our things were (floated/soaked)! While we
were at the bar the (ebb/tide) came in. Our friend had forgotten to (say/tell) us not to sit too (near/close) to
the water.

Activity 12. Watch the video and write down all the places of interest mentioned in it.

Activity 13. Make up a presentation about one of the places of interest from Activity
12 at home. Use additional materials and photos.

Activity 14. Choose the correct variant.

1. Taj Mahal will collapse in 5 years. You … visit it.

a) should b) would c) need d) must
2. Jane was reading about Amazon Rainforest the whole night and that‘s why she is so tired now. She …
sleep more.
a)could b)should c)would d) must
3. I am afraid my favourite place of interest will disappear. I … go there and take pictures of it.
a) must b)should c) need d) ought
4. She is going to the Dead Sea, so she … help you tomorrow.
a) could b) won‘t be able to c) will can d) is able to
5. What shall we do this evening? We ... pack our luggage.
a) should b) could c) would d) ought to
6. You have just come back from Venice. You … miss it.
a) can‘t b) wouldn‘t c) shouldn‘t d) mustn‘t
7. We haven‘t got much time in Olympia. We … hurry.
a) must b) needn‘t c) can d) should
8. When you are in the Valley of Kings, Egypt, take much water with you. It … be extremely hot.
a) might b) should c) would d) can
9. Sue … be able to help them to book tickets to Australia.
a) might b) could c) should d) shall
10. I recommend you to go to The Maldives. You ... find out more about this place.
a) would b) should c) must d) shall
11. He … be at the Great Barrier Reef. He … be somewhere else.
a) should, mustn‘t b) can, shouldn‘t c) must, can‘t d) must, needn‘t
12. I … to use the travel agency because I won‘t be able to get to that place independently.
a) must b) should c) could d) have
13. I … to take a plane recently.
a) can‘t b) couldn‘t c) haven‘t been able d) mustn‘t
14. You … to notice unpredictable events in Brazil.
a) should b) have c) ought d) are able
15. We‘ve got plenty of time. We … to hurry.
a) mustn‘t b) don‘t need c) shouldn‘t d) couldn‘t

Activity 15. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. You may grow your income and then you will rapidly become wealthy.
2. Your awareness of travelling can be wider if you use guide books.
3. His development of budget options must become higher than a previous year.
4. Shall we travel by air to Greece or to Italy?
5. I am to plan our journey because my husband is too busy to do it.
6. They should think to make a new voyage by ship across the Atlantic Ocean.
7. My friends ought to fill a customs declaration before they board a plane.
8. I had a great desire to take a window seat, but it was occupied and I dared ask to change the seats with
my neighbour.
9. He shall book tickets for you because you are at work.
10. They will make a tour of France even if the weather is nasty.
11. He has just broken a leg but in a few months he will be able to climb a mountain.
12. They need use a new yacht when they sail across the sea.
13. We have to take an estate car because the trip is going to be long.

64
 YOUR ATTITUDE TO TRAVELLING
Activity 1. Imagine that you received a travel grant of $10,000 and you have spent it.
Now you have to write a report on what you did with the money and how it helped you
to relax. Use the words from the whole unit.

Activity 2. Listen to the text and decide whether the following statements are true or
false.

1. The Browns don't have enough money for expensive holidays.

2. Mr. Brown doesn't enjoy driving.
3. Mrs. Brown doesn't mind cooking on the open fire.
4. The Browns' children took after their parents in their love of active rest.

1. Sheldrake used to be an enthusiastic tourist.

2. Sheldrake had a more interesting hobby than travelling.
3. Sheldrake thinks that all tourists have the same religion.
4. Sheldrake thinks that travelling is a waste of time.

1. For Sally travelling is an important source of getting knowledge.

2. Sally thinks that a walk through a garden will help to discover interesting and unusual plants.

1. Mr. Freeman is very much concerned about the state of the Lake District and the Sistine Chapel.
2. Cars and buses exhaust fumes that damage historic places of interest.
3. According to Mr. Freeman it is still safe to swim only in the Mediterranean Sea.
4. Mr. Freeman offers to take some urgent measures to decrease the number of international tourists.

Activity 3. What is your opinion on the following statements?

1. Tourism is a waste of everybody's time.

2. It is impossible to educate people to be good tourists.
3. It would be much better if people stayed at home instead of travelling around and polluting the world.
4. Visiting historic places and viewing great works of art makes us better people.
5. It is advisable to find something out about the history of the place you are going to visit.
6. I would rather watch travel programs on TV than travel myself.
7. Camping is the cheapest way of spending your holidays.
8. Food cooked on the open fire out-of-doors tastes better.
9. Sleeping in a tent is good for your health.
10. While hiking you are free to move and stop wherever you like.
11. Camping and hiking bring you closer to nature.
12. The best way to travel is on foot.
13. "Wild tourism" should be banned.
14. A man gets to know his companions in a long journey.
15. When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
16. Hasty climbers have a sudden fall.

Some main verbs can be modal. They are “to have, to be, to need, to dare.”
Modal Verbs Main Verbs
1. don‘t have endings in present or past tenses; 1. have endings in present and past tenses;
2. don‘t take auxiliary verbs in interrogative or 2. take auxiliary verbs in interrogative or
negative forms; negative forms;
3. don‘t take the particle to; 3. takes the particle to;
4. are not used separately; 4. are used separately;
5. express the attitude of the speaker towards 5. express actions.
the action, but not the action itself.

65
Activity 4. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. I needed take a commuter train, because I missed a bus.

2. He didn‘t need to buy a jet, because he had a supersonic aircraft.
3. My parents dared take a gondola and their evening was very romantic.
4. Our nephew dares to use a segway to get to the university.
5. I am to take a tent to a camp, because there is nothing to stay in there.
6. We are in a departure lounge now.
7. She doesn‘t have excess luggage because she knows that she has to pay for extra kilograms.
8. Do you have to get a boarding pass? – Yes, I do.
9. The hand-baggage is too heavy, so you have either to pay for it or leave something here.
10. You need arrive at the airport to meet us.
11. We needed to improve this situation, because we had missed a plane and now she is panic.
12. I dared calculate distances in miles, because a taxi driver demanded too much money.

Activity 5. Choose the correct variant.

1. He … to pack his backpack because nobody will do it instead of him.

a) needs b) need
2. She … to have filled the customs declaration already.
a) is b) is (main verb)
3. They … to board the plane even if they are late.
a) dare (main verb) b) dare
4. My relative … proceeded to the check-in counter recently.
a) has b) have to
5. Our sister … two train tickets to travel around Europe.
a) has to b) has
6. The pilot … delay the flight because the plane doesn‘t run out of gas.
a) needn‘t b) doesn‘t need
7. We … to come to the airport once again because we have lost our luggage.
a) are (main verb) b) are
8. They … make a voyage across the Pacific Ocean.
a) have to b) have
9. I … use a convertible sofa even if it is broken at this airport hotel.
a) dare to b) dare
10. Do you … to stay at the motor hotel for one more night?
a) need (main verb) b) need
11. Does he … to go to this commercial hotel to see his partners?
a) have (main verb) b) have
12. … you visit health spa to make your health better even if you know that there is a criminal there?
a) dare b) dare to

Activity 6. Make up sentences with the word “to bring” using all the modal verbs.

66
UNIT 4____________________________________________________________________________________

Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing,

wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating;
there is really no such thing as bad weather,
only different kinds of good weather

John Ruskin

Activity 1. Read the quotation and say

how you understand it. Do you agree with
it?

Activity 2. Make up your own quotation

about weather and present it to the
group.

Activity 3. Find more quotations and

discuss them.

Activity 4. a) Identify the pictures with the words from the box and learn the words;
b) Write them down into the vocabulary.

waterfall spring tsunami aurora cotton-wool cloud summer hurricane sun

earth autumn eclipse avalanche storm cloud frost sunrise rain cloud
lightning fog puddle snowflake wispy cloud earthquake moon
snow cloud stars winter sunrays storm icicle tornado hail
drought rainbow volcano sunset fire geyser cumulus cloud floods

1________________ 2________________ 3________________ 4________________

5________________ 6________________ 7________________ 8________________

9________________ 10_______________ 11_______________ 12_______________

67
 13_______________ 14_______________ 15_______________ 16_______________

17_______________ 18_______________ 19_______________ 20_______________

21_______________ 22_______________ 23_______________ 24_______________

25_______________ 26_______________ 27_______________ 28_______________

29______________ 30_______________ 31_______________ 32_______________

33_______________ 34_______________ 35_______________ 36_______________

37________________ 38________________ 39________________ 40________________

Activity 5. Cross the extra word in each line and explain your choice.

1. storm cloud, cotton-wool cloud, cumulus cloud, fog , wispy cloud

2. spring, autumn, winter, summer, moon
3. draught, tsunami, puddle, geyser, rain
4. moon, eclipse, sun, stars, tornado
5. snowflake, icicle, avalanche, fire, frost
6. earthquake, rainbow, hurricane, volcano, storm

68
Activity 6. a) Find 15 words and cross them; b) Write them down and make sentences
with each word.

A U R O R A S F H P S J K R P
W E H U I O P L M U D E W A B
S D V O L C A N O D E A A I C
U C A S D G H J R D D R J N B
N V E C L I P S E L S T O B H
R F X N C K I L S E W H R O A
A O S N O W F L A K E S H W I
Y G W E R H J K Y U F S D H L
S E R T G E Y S E R S T D M E
F D R A U G H T H D A A B O D
H R T Y U I O P B N M R N O G
H U R R I C A N E W R S M N T

Activity 7. Match the nouns with adjectives to make common phrases.

► Pattern: heavy rain, heavy snow, etc.

Nouns Adjectives
rain biting chilly heavy
wind bright southerly clear
fog drenching bitter drizzling
snow fresh brisk chill
sky piercing clean swirling
air strong misty thick
cloud thin hot cold

Activity 8. Match the expressions from the text with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. weather forecaster a. спалахи блискавки

2. moderate breeze b. затягнутий хмарами
3. haze on the horizon c. злива
4. to turn for the better d. туман над обрієм
5. showery outbreaks of rain e. гуркіт грому
6. a sun tan f. холод з пронизливим вітром
7. pools and peddles g. обернутись на краще
8. cold with brisk northerly wind h. муки сумління
9. to brighten up i. злива з громом
10. soaked to the skin j. помірний вітерець
11. hashes of lightning k. засмага
12. rumbling of thunder l. яскраве сонячне світло
13. heavily cast with clouds m. промокнути до нитки
14. thundery shower n. прояснятися
15. cloudy and cool o. прогноз погоди
16. bright sunshine p. калюжі та бруд
17. weather forecast q. хмарний та прохолодний
18. pangs of remorse r. cиноптик

Activity 9.
a) Read the text paying attention to the words and word-combinations in bold type;
b) Translate the text.

69
 WEATHER
The naughtiest thing in the world is the weather. It's like a
capricious woman who always does the opposite to what you ask
hear.
When you want to go for a picnic in the open air you ask the
skies to remain clear and the day to be fine. Nervously you
switch on the radio and listen to the weather forecast. You
tremble with joy to hear that it'll stay warm and dry with bright
sunshine, and moderate breeze. Your imagination draws a hot
summer afternoon and yourself saying: 'Nice weather we are
having today!' You take a lot of food and no warm clothes, go to
the countryside but... do not get anything sunny.
You get it cloudy and cool with
intermittent drizzle which ends with a
thundery shower. The sky is so heavily cast with clouds, the downpours follow
one another with such frequency, the rumbling of thunder and hashes of lightning
are so frightening that you've got no illusions left. You throw away the food and go
back hungry and angry. And when you are already approaching your home soaked
to the skin it suddenly brightens up. Oh, Goodness!
Each summer every student survives through the best
time of his or her life — an examination session. Then many students plead:
'Please, weather, stay cloudy, chilly or even cold with brisk northerly wind and
nun torrents leaving pools and peddles everywhere, especially on the playground.
And I'll be a good student'. The radio promises: 'Patchy light drizzle with showery
outbreaks of rain.' But the "patch" is never in the right place. Instead the skies
send heat and excellent weather for a sun tan. Everyone knows that sun tan never
helps at exams.
And it is always like this. When you go skiing and want to have frosty weather
with a lot of snow, it starts thawing and your skis sink in the slush. Instead of a
snowfall and hoarfrost on the trees you get excellent sleet. The weather does not
feel any pangs of remorse.
When you go in the car to the country, enjoying nice weather and a beautiful view
of a rainbow in the blue sky, you pay no attention to some haze on the horizon.
Some time later a thin mist in the distance turns into a thick fog and you spend a
lovely two hours instead of one at the steering wheel.
When you plant some much-cared-for flowers in the garden, either a ground frost or a hail storm kills
them. Digging muddy flowerbeds one feels exasperated: 'What beastly weather we've had this week! And it
keeps nasty! Wretched!'
To tell the truth, sometimes the weather is ashamed and turns for the better. But
not always. More often it sticks to its own pattern and after a short warm turns bad
again. Why is it always like this? Maybe, because the weather likes surprises and
wants to bring in adventures to our life, breaking the boring routine with marvelous
happenings?

Activity 10. Answer the questions.

1. What is the naughtiest thing in the world?

2. What forecast do people want to hear when they go to the picnic?
3. What can happen with the weather when you are having a picnic?
4. What do students ask when they have an examination session?
5. Why can you spend two hours instead of one in the steering wheel while travelling?
6. Why does weather always turn for bad when you don‘t even expect it?

Activity 11. Write down a plan to the text and retell it according to the plan.

Activity 12. Write out into your notebook all expressions used to describe good or bad
weather in the text.

70
 GOOD WEATHER BAD WEATHER

Activity 13. Exchange the underlined words with the appropriate words from the table.

 to remain clear  moderate breeze

 to turn for the better  heavily cast with clouds
 pools and peddles  to brighten up
 to soak to the skin  cold with brisk northerly

1. Yesterday the sky was without any cloud.

2. They promise that the wind will not be strong.
3. Our friends went for a walk but it was rainy and their clothes got wet.
4. Weather forecast promises that tomorrow the sun will be shining brightly.
5. The weather was bad the other day. And there were a lot of clouds in the sky.
6. If you get this job I believe that everything will be ok.
7. Be careful! It was raining heavily yesterday, so there is much water in the streets.
8. Put on the coat! It is cold and windy outside!

Activity 14. Match the following idioms with their meanings.

1. rainy cats and dogs a. a friend who is only a friend when circumstances are pleasant or profitable
2. chase a rainbow b. if someone makes a small problem seem far greater than it really is
3. face like thunder c. a heavy downpour
4. fear weather friend d. to waste your time trying to get or achieve something impossible
5. to be in a fog e. something happens that makes you feel positive and happy all day long
6. a storm in a teacup f. under reproach or suspicion
7. under a cloud g. to have a very angry expression
8. to brighten up the day h. to be confused, embarrassed

Activity 15. Find the Ukrainian equivalents to the English idioms.

Activity 16. Complete the sentences with the correct idioms.

1. The weather is awful! Don‘t forget to take your umbrella because it‘s _______________.
2. When I saw him was really upset with something and he had _________________.
3. She is trying to get a job of a weather forecaster in this big company but I think that she is __________.
4. That's _______________, stop fussing about it, you can do it.
5. He left the company ___________ of suspicion.
6. Come on, you ______ always ____________. It's time to get back to reality!
7. Yesterday he asked me to help him but I don‘t believe him anymore because he is __________ .
8. Yesterday she got a good mark in English and it ___________ her day.

Activity 17. Make up a crammed story with the words and word combinations from
activity 8 and 14.

71
Activity 18. Discuss the following points.

1. Do you agree that the weather is like a capricious woman? Prove your point.
2. Say what weather you like best of all and why.
3. Do you listen to the weather forecasts? Do you trust them?
5. Have you heard the weather forecast for today? Was it right?
6. Look at the pictures and say what the weather like in them is.

Activity 19. Listen to the song and do the following tasks. Sing the song.

a) Fill in the missing word.

All the leaves are brown and __________is grey

I've been for a walk on a _____________day
I'd be safe and _______________if I was in L.A.
California dreaming, on such _____________________

b) Join the parts of the sentences.

1. Stepped into a church a) on such a winters day.

2. Well, I get down on my knees b) gonna stay.
3. You know the preacher c) and I pretend to pray.
4. He knows I'm d) likes the cold.
5. California, California dreaming, e) I passed along the way.

c) Correct the mistakes.

All the keys are brown and the sky is grey

I've been for a walking on a winters day
If I didn't tell her I can live today
California, California dream, on such a winters hay.

72
 WEATHER FORECASTS
Activity 1. a) Listen to the weather update and forecast on a private radio station and
fill in the gaps.
I'm Denise Dinger with KPUT weather. The soggy ___________ we've
been having in the valley promises _____________ _____________ soon. Today
we're looking at _______________ ______________ with afternoon
______________ ______________ and a high of 55. Tomorrow morning will be
______________ ______________, with ______________ ______________ in the
afternoon and a high of 60. Friday looks to be ______________ and
______________ with a high of 70, and that weather should ________________
_______________ into the weekend. Saturday will be _______________ sunny
with highs near 70, and ________________ should be sunny and clear with highs
_________________ to nearly 80 ______________. For KPUT, this is Denise
Dinger with ______________ _______________.
*KPUT is the name of the radio station.
b) Choose the correct variant.

When is this report most likelyWhat will happen on Sunday? What is suggested about the
being broadcast? a. There will be a snow weather prior to this report?
a. On Monday storm a. It has been unseasonably
b. On Wednesday b. The rain will increase hot.
c. On Thursday c. The temperature will b. There has been a
d. On Sunday decrease hurricane.
d. It will be warm and c. It has been raining a lot.
sunny d. It has been freezing cold.
c) Translate the following words into Ukrainian and learn them by heart.

update -_________________________ to soar -________________________

soggy -_________________________
valley -_________________________
partly cloudy -___________________
to increase -_____________________
clear -__________________________
carry over -______________________
nearly -_________________________
to decrease -_____________________
prior -__________________________
unseasonably -___________________
hurricane -______________________
freezing -_______________________

d) Match the words to their definitions.

___ a building with special equipment for some particular purpose

prior
___ a transmission or programme on radio or television
valley
___ a violent weather condition of strong winds, rain, hail, thunder, lightning, blowing
to promise
sand, snow, etc
station
___ a long depression in the land surface, usually containing a river
to decrease
___ at an pointlessly, unfearly, unlawfully high level
storm
___ previous; preceding
temperature
___ to some extent; not completely
broadcast
___ to diminish or cause to diminish in size, number, strength, etc
unreasonably
___ a measure of hotness or coldness, indicated on a scale that has fixed reference points
partly
___ to give an assurance of (something to someone)

e) Write the next words into a proper column.

to some extent reduce personal storm moderately confidential

cyclone decline individual in part diminish tornado
private to decrease partly / unreasonably hurricane

73
Activity 2. Think over and discuss what damage the weather in the pictures can cause.
Have you heard of any examples of it? What happened?

Activity 3. Watch the video about the hurricane in the USA and

a) Choose the correct variant:

1.This __________ so big so vast and 60.000.000 Americans will feel its power.
a) storm b) rain c) hurricane
2. This is the worst storm that has ever hit ____________
a) London b) The Atlantic City c) The USA
3. Waves on the shore can reach __________ and on the sea up to ________
a) 20 feet/30 feet b) 20 feet/40 feet c) 10 feet/50 feet
4. The surer storm already stretching across one third of this country from _____________ to _________
a) Florida/Hawaii b) Washington/ Canada c) Florida/Canada
5. The _________ has been crumbled with the power of a record breaking surer storm.
a) East Coast b) West Coast c) South Coast
6. _______ million people were left without public transportation.
a) 30 b) 21 c)12

b) Discus the following issues:

1. What damage has this hurricane caused to the people?

2. If you have ever observed such cataclysms in your country and what consequences they had.
3. What actions will you take to survive the natural disaster?

74
Activity 4. Watch the weather forecast in Great Britain. Fill in the gaps and be ready
to speak about the weather in different parts of the country.

1. Yesterday we had ________________ October day.

2. The temperature will break ______________ mark in East Anglia.
3. Further North is much _______________.
4. In the afternoon we will have some _________________ developing in the far North.
5. The temperature in Cardiff will be about ______ degrees and ____ degrees in Plymouth.
6. In the _____________ it will be cooler and fresher.
7. Another weather system will bring some rain and some strong winds to the west of ________ and the
temperature will be about ________ degrees.
8. The temperature will fall in ___________ to 10 degrees and 10-16 degrees in the _________ .

Activity 5. Match the Russian/Ukrainian phrases with their English equivalents.

a. the showers will be heavy in the East;

1. місцями дощ/туман;
b. we are in for a warm dry spell;
2. очікується суха, тепла погода;
c. moderate northerly wind, 10—15 meters per
3. на сході пройдуть сильні проливні дощі;
second;
4. на ґрунті можливі заморозки;
d. a change in the weather by the end of the
5. вітер північний, помірний, 10—15 м/сек;
week;
6. в подальшому холодний характер
e. patchy rain/fog;
погоди збережеться;
f. the weather will change;
7. хмарна, дощова погода;
g. ground frosts are possible;
8. до кінця тижня погода зміниться.
h. cloudy and wet weather.

Activity 6. Make up a project and speak about the weather forecast in Ukraine / Great
Britain / The USA / your own region.

Activity 7. Discuss with a partner the weather you have outside right now. Choose
questions and answers from the models given below.

Questions:
What do you think of the weather?
What's the weather outside?
I wonder what the weather is going to be like.
Will the weather keep?
Do you think it will clear up?
Do you think it is going to turn out fine?
What is the weather forecast for today?
Answers:
We are in for a spell of good weather.
It looks like rain.
The weather is turning bad.
It'll change for the better.
The weather is fine/nice/lovely/beautiful.
The weather is nasty/wretched/awful/dull.
The day is rainy/windy/bright/sunny.
The weather is favorable.
The sky is overcast/cloudy/clear.
It's snowing/pouring/raining/drizzling.
The wind is rising.
It has been raining on and off for ...
The fog is lifting.

GRAMMAR TIME
Activity 1. Learn the following table.

We often want to tell someone what another person has said to us. In most cases we do not
report the exact words that we hear. Instead we make some changes so that what we say sounds
more natural. This is called reported speech (or indirect speech). The changes are made according
to the rules of "sequence of tenses".

75
The term "sequence of tenses" refers to the choice of the verb tense in the subordinate clause
(підрядному реченні) depending on the tense of the verb in the main clause (головному реченні).
The rule of the sequence of tenses means that the tense in the subordinate clause is determined by the
tense in the main clause and should agree with it both logically and grammatically.

1. If the verb in the main clause is in the present, the verb in the subordinate clause may be in any
tense that conveys the meaning correctly according to sense, logic, and general rules of the use of
tenses.
I wonder whether she will buy this house.

2. If the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the verb in the subordinate clause should also be
used in one of the past tenses:
Tense Direct Speech Tense Reported Speech
present simple ―I like biscuits‖ past simple She said (that) she liked biscuits.
present ―I am writing an article‖ past continuous She said she was writing an article.
continuous
past simple ‖I bought a truck‖ past perfect She said she had bought a truck or
past ‖I was walking along the past perfect She
She said
said she bought
she had beena truck.
walking along
continuous
present garden‖
―I haven't been on continuous
past perfect the garden.
She said she hadn't been on vocation.
perfect* ―I
perfect
past vocation‖
had taken English past perfect She said she had taken English
will lessons before‖‖
―I'll take a cab‖ would lessons
She saidbefore.
she would take a cab.
would* ―I would help, but…‖ would She said she would help but...
can ―I can speak perfect could She said she could speak perfect
could* English‖‖
―I could swim when I was could English.
She said she could swim when she
shall four‖‖
―I shall come later‖ would was four.she would come later.
She said
should* ―I should call my mother‖ should She said she should call her mother
might* "I might be late" might She said she might be late
must "I must study at the had to She said she had to study at the
* doesn't change weekend" weekend

3. If a general truth is expressed in the subordinate clause, the present tense is normally used in the
subordinate clause despite the fact that the past tense is used in the main clause.
Galileo proved that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Time/Space Expressions:
yesterday the day before
today that day
last week/month/… the week/month/… before the previous week/month/…
tomorrow the next day
next month/year/… the following month/year/…
this/these that/those
here there
now then/at that moment

Activity 2. Consult the dictionary to find the meaning of the following reporting verbs.

1. to think - 10. to threaten -

2. to whisper - 11. to promise -
3. to remind - 12. to refuse -
4. to deny - 13. to insist -
5. to suggest - 14. to wonder -
6. to complain - 15. to agree -
7. to hear - 16. to advise -
8. to confess - 17. to beg -
9. to yell - 18. to warn -

76
Activity 3. Unscramble the words and make up sentences with them in the reported
speech.

1. nerdow ____________ 6. nawr ______________

2. estugsg ____________ 7. mosirep ___________
3. erhteant ____________ 8. sivade ____________
4. nikth ______________ 9. lpianomc __________
5. esfoncs ____________ 10. sitins ______________

Activity 4. Find the appropriate reporting verbs to the pictures, change the sentences
into reported speech.

1. He complained……….. 7. He thought……………..
2. She suggested………… 8. She agreed………………
3. He heard……………… 9. He confessed……………
4. He denied…………… 10. He wondered what……
5. He yelled……………. 11. He whispered…………
6. He wondered if………

No, thanks. I
don’t

want to eat.

Of
course,

Tom!

Thafffk
thhthyou!

77
Activity 5. Open the brackets, translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Her brothers ______________ (нагадали) she was speaking on the phone to her friend about moderate
breeze and a sun tan at that moment.
2. A weather forecaster ______________ (наполіг) that Saturday would be cloudy and cool with haze on
the horizon.
3. People ______________ (чули) that the waves had reached the shore quite fast.
4. A manager ______________ (вважав) the workers could develop a new weather system.
5. That woman ______________ (дивувалась) how they felt the power of tornado the day before
yesterday.
6. The radio ______________ (заперечували) there would be light drizzle with showery outbreaks of
rain.
7. Tom ______________ (погодився) people had been taking actions to survive the natural disaster.
8. He ______________ (погрожував) they spoke to leave people without public transportation.
9. Their friends ______________ (пообіцяли) he would brighten up the day.
10. Kitty ______________ (поскаржилась) she had been upset with unreasonably hot weather.
11. He ______________ (відмовлявся) that he had known about pools and peddles outside.
12. Children ______________ (кричали) they were ready to have fun.

Activity 6. Open the brackets and make up all the necessary changes. Translate the
sentences into Ukrainian.

1. They noticed it _____________ (to be) raining heavily last night.

2. Tom said that he ___________ (to see) a lot of pools and paddles outside as it __________ (to rain) last
night.
3. She found out that the sky ___________ (to be) cloudy and cool. That‘s why she ____________ (to
take) the umbrella.
4. Mary asked her brother if he ______________ (can) tell her the weather forecast.
5. Peter and John hoped that they _____________ (to see) a haze on the horizon tomorrow morning.
6. Mother hoped that the sun (to be shining) brightly as she _________ (to want) to go to the beach next
Saturday.
7. Dorothy said that it ___________ (to be) thundery shower and she __________ (to soak) to the skin.
8. They told us they ____________ (visit) the Niagara waterfalls next Sunday.
9. Jack said that the sky already ___________ (to be) heavily cast with clouds. He _____________ (to
advise) us to stay at home.
10. They hoped that it ______________ (to brighten up) tomorrow and they (to have) a picnic.

Activity 7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Він сподівався, що все обернеться на краще і вони повернуться до дому до того як почнеться дощ.
2. Ми були переконані, що легкий вітерець не зіпсує наш відпочинок.
3. Бабуся попереджала, що буде дощ, але ми не взяли парасольку і промокли до нитки.
4. Ми вирішили провести вихідні на пляжі оскільки погода була чудова для того, щоб засмагати.
5. Мої друзі були впенені, що вона написала статтю про ураган.
6. Туристи хотіли знати чи було небезпечно подорожувати під час густого туману.
7. Йому здалось, що погода буде гарна і він вирішив піти на прогулянку.
8. Ми сподівались, що завтра буде багато снігу, оскільки ми дуже хотіли покататись на лижах.
9. Він розповів, що його батько застудився, тому що потрапив під дощ.
10. Мама сказала, що діти повинні були вдіти чоботи, оскільки на вулиці було багато калюж.

Remember!
In reported statements, we can use either say or tell, ask. The meaning is the same, but the grammar is
different.
tell / ask somebody say to somebody

For example: He told her he didn‘t agree. For example: ―I don‘t agree,‖ he said to me.
―It‘s too late,‖ they told him. Why did they say that to you?
―How often do avalanches happen?‖ my She said to us: ―Ground frosts
friend asked me. are possible tomorrow.‖

78
Activity 8. Read and compare the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

1. "Give me a cup of tea, please", said my mother to
me.
2. "Don't be late for the English lesson", Susan's
teacher told her.
3. "Turn the sound down", he said to me.
1. My mother asked me to give her a cup of tea.
2. Susan‘s teacher told her not to be late for the
English lesson.
3. He said to me to turn the sound down.

Activity 9. Read the sentences and fill in the gaps with tell/say/told/said/asked.

1. Please don‘t _____ me that the sky is still overcast.

2. The teacher _____ her students to study a new weather system that introduces rain, wind and
temperature levels for every day.
3. The teacher _____ her students had already tested the new system for possible ground frosts.
4. I cannot _____ that I like heavy showers during summer vocation.
5. Jane _____ Mary to listen to the weather update and forecast on a private radio station.
6. Jane _____ Mary would see hashes of lightning and hear rumblings of thunder.
7. They did not _____ that had soaked to the skin.
8. I will never _____ where I have spent a weekend with moderate breeze and bright sunshine.
9. Can you please _____ me how he manages to make a storm in a teacup?
10. I will _____ the children all about geysers, volcanoes and tornadoes on our planet.
11. The farmer _____ to inform him on the following weather conditions in time.
12. A daughter _____ her mother to tell her about waterfalls.

Activity 10. Translate the sentences into English using the verbs tell, say and ask.

1. Викладач попросив мене: ―Надайте інформацію про зв'язок повеней на планеті та місяця.‖
2. ―Існує декілька видів сніжинок‖, сказав Фред.
3. С‘юзан сказала йому: ― Той ураган завдав людям багато шкоди.‖
4. Брат попросив її: ― Повідом групу туристів про хмарну та дощову погоду наступного понеділка.‖
5. Синоптик сказав: ―Після обіду температура знизиться і справи обернуться на краще.‖
6. Вона сказала: ―Коли ми пішли на пікнік на відкритому повітрі, небо залишалось чистим і день був
хорошим.‖
7. Мій одногрупник сказав мені: ―Цими днями я спостерігав чудове полярне сяйво.‖
8. Чоловік запитав дружину: ―Будь ласка, подай газету з новинами про шторм, що пройшов по всі
країні.‖

WEATHER
AND
CLIMATE
Activity 1. Watch the video and match the
following definitions.

refers to the general weather conditions in a

WEATHER
place.
a period in the year regarded as having its-
own characteristic weather, length of days,
CLIMATE
etc., especially any of the four divisions of
the year .
conditions over a particular area and at a
SEASON specific time with reference to sunshine,
temperature, wind, rain, etc.

79
Activity 2. Complete the sentences with weather, season and climate.

1. Parts of Southern England have a Mediterranean __________ for part of a year.

2. A drier ___________ would be good for her health.
3. This is not the __________ of harvesting.
4. He stays indoors in wet ___________.
5. She goes out in all _____________.
6. In countries with a tropical _________ there is a dry _________ and a rainy __________.
7. Many crops depend on the ___________.
8. She works in a ___________ bureau where forecasts are made.
9. In Europe there are four ________ spring, summer, autumn and winter.
10. The London __________ came and you can see the cream of creams.

Activity 3. Read and remember.

 increase – зростання, збільшення  frequency – частота

 demand – потреба, попит  soil – земля, ґрунт
 to affect – впливати, діяти на  extinction – вимирання, зникнення
 impact – вплив, дія, імпульс  a glacier – льодовик
 supply – постачання, забезпечення  consumption – споживання
 to disrupt – розривати  permafrost – вічна мерзлота
 yield – збирання плодів (урожаю)  a predator – хижак
 growth – збільшення, приріст  a habitat – ареал, природне середовище
 to exacerbate – загострювати, підсилювати  invasion – вторгнення
 benefit – користь, вигода  to reduce – зменшувати, знижувати

Activity 4. Read and translate the text and do the following tasks:

a) Read and translate the words, pay attention to the pronunciation.

Himalayas [,hɪmə‘leɪəz]
diarrheal disease [,dаɪə‘rɪəl dɪ‘zi:z]
Ganges [‗gændƷi:z]
Mekong [,mi:kɒ]
exacerbate cholera [ɪg‘zæsəbeɪt ‗kɒlərə]
Salvador [s‘ælvədɔ:]
Rio de la Plata [‗rɪɒ de lа ‗plаtа]
estuary [‗estjʋ:rɪ]
Guyana [gаɪ‘ænə]

Climate change around the world

Africa
b) Exchange the words in bold type with their English equivalents:

impacts on local fisheries and tourism, to affect

livelihoods, increasing demand, decrease the supply of fish
from large lakes, threaten large cities, food supplies, yields
from rain-fed agriculture, to produce an increased risk of
hunger, to experience water shortages.

Some regions are likely зазнавати нестачу води.

Coupled with зростаючі вимоги, this is likely to result in
large increases in the number of people at risk of water

80
scarcity. It is likely впливати на засоби існування, the report by the International Panel on Climate
Change says.
Projected reductions in the area suitable for growing crops, and in the length of the growing season, are
likely знижувати зростаючий ризик голодування. In some countries, врожаї сільсько-
господарських рослин які потребують дощів (поливу) could be reduced by up to 50% by 2020.
Rising sea levels погрожувати великим містам. Degradation of coral reefs and mangroves is likely,
with вплив на місцеве рибальство і туризм.
Rising temperatures, coupled with over-fishing, will зменшити поставки риби з великих озер, with
important impacts on запаси їжі.
* International Panel on Climate Change – міжнародна група експертів по змінам клімату.

c) Complete the sentences:

1. Some regions are likely…
2. Coupled with increasing demand, this is likely to result in large increases in the number of…
3. It is likely to affect livelihoods, the report by the International Panel on…
4. In some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by…
5. Degradation of coral reefs and mangroves is likely, with…
6. Rising temperatures, coupled with over-fishing, will reduce the supply of fish from large lakes, with…

Asia
d) Exchange the words in bold type with their
English equivalents.

heavily-populated coastal regions, floods and rock

avalanches, economic development, glacier melting.

Танення льодовика in the Himalayas is virtually certain to disrupt water supplies within the next 20
to 30 years. Повені і каменепади are virtually certain to increase. Густо-населені прибережні райони,
including the deltas of rivers such as the Ganges and Mekong, are likely to be at risk of increased flooding.
Економічний розвиток is likely to be impacted by the combination of climatic change, urbanization,
and rapid economic and population growth.
Forecast changes in temperature and rainfall are likely to reduce crop yields overall, increasing the risk
of hunger.
The presence of lethal diarrheal diseases associated with floods and droughts is expected to rise in East,
South and Southeast Asia and rises in coastal water temperature could exacerbate cholera in South Asia.

e) Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. Glacier melting in the Himalayas is virtually certain to disrupt water supplies within the next 60 to 80
years.
2. Heavily-populated coastal regions are likely to be at risk of increasing rock avalanches.
3. Economic development is affected by the combination of climatic change, urbanization, and rapid
economic and population growth.
4. Forecast changes in temperature and rainfall are likely to increase crop yields.
5. Rises in coastal water temperature could exacerbate cholera in South Asia.

Australia and New Zealand

f) Exchange the words in bold type with their English equivalents:

coastal communities, a net negative impact, a significant part of

their wildlife, to bring benefits to cooler areas.

Ongoing water shortages, notably in southern and eastern

Australia, are likely to get worse by 2030.
Ecologically important regions such as the Great Barrier Reef and
Kakadu National Park are likely to lose значну частину дикої
природи before then, by 2020.

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 Some прибережні мешканці are very likely to see an increased risk of coastal storms and flooding.
Temperature rises of 1C-2C are likely приносити переваги прохолоднішим місцевостям, such as
New Zealand, in the form of longer growing seasons and reduced energy demand. Greater warming is likely
to bring пов’язані негативні наслідки - such as increased risk of drought and fire.

g) Fill in the sentences with the correct words from the table:

flooding, shortages, wildlife, cooler, warming , 2030, regions.

1. Ongoing water ____________, notably in southern and eastern Australia, are likely to get worse by
___________.
2. Ecologically important __________ such as the Great Barrier Reef and Kakadu National Park are
likely to lose a significant part of their ___________ before then, by 2020.
3. Some coastal communities are very likely to see an increased risk of coastal storms and __________.
4. Temperature rises of 1C-2C are likely to bring benefits to _________ areas.
5. Greater ______________ is likely to bring a net negative impact.

Europe
h) Exchange the words in bold type with
their English equivalents:

forest productivity, increased flood risk, summer

rainfall, face heat waves

Nearly all European regions are expected to be

negatively affected by some future impacts of climate
change.
Central and Eastern European countries could спостерігати less літні зливи, causing higher water
stress. Health risks due to періоди жари are expected to increase. Розростання лісу is expected to fall
and the frequency of peatland fires to increase.
Southern European countries are very likely to see reduced water supplies, lower crop production, more
wildfires and health impacts from increased heat waves.
Northern countries are likely to benefit from increased crop yields, forest productivity, and food supplies
from the North Atlantic. By 2020, most areas of Europe are likely to see an підвищений ризик повеней.

i) Write out the information describing the benefits, risks and changes in different
parts of Europe:

Changes Risks

Latin America
j) Exchange the words in bold type with their
English equivalents:

species extinctions, decreases in soil water, lead to replacement of tropical forest by savannah, water
availability for human consumption, livestock productivity reducing food security, changes in rainfall
patterns, low-lying regions.

Increasing temperatures and знижувати рівень вологи в ґрунті in the eastern Amazon region would
призведуть до заміни тропічних лісів на савану. Згасання видів are likely.
Drier areas are likely to see salinisation and desertification of agricultural land, with falling crop yields
and розведення худоби зменшить безпечність їжі. However, soybean yields are likely to increase in
temperate zones.

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 Sea level rise is very likely to bring flooding to низинні регіони such as the coast of El Salvador,
Guyana and the Rio de la Plata estuary. Increasing sea temperatures are likely to impact coral reefs and
south-east Pacific fish stocks.
Зміни у випаданні дощів and the disappearance of glaciers are projected to significantly affect
наявність води для людського споживання, agriculture and energy generation.

k) Choose the correct variant:

1. Increasing temperatures and decreases in soil water in the eastern Amazon region would lead to …
a) replacement of tropical forest b) rainfall or snowfall c) forest productivity
2. Drier areas are likely to see …of agricultural land
a) floods and rock avalanches b) salinisation and desertification c) reducing of food supplies
3. Sea level rise is very likely to bring flooding to …
a) low-lying regions b) desert regions c) coastal areas
4. Increasing sea temperatures are likely to impact …
a) mountains b) the coast of the sea c) coral reefs
5. The disappearance of glaciers are projected to significantly affect …
a) rainfall pattern b) water availability for human consumption c) heat waves

North America
Warming in western mountains is very likely to reduce
snowpack, bringing more floods in winter and reduced water
supplies in summer.
Increases in problems with pests, diseases and forest fires are
likely.
Cities with a history of heat waves are likely to experience
many more, with potential health impacts, especially for the
elderly.
Rising sea levels, severe weather and storm waves, combined with population growth in coastal areas,
are very likely to increase economic losses.

l) Unscramble the sentences:

1. Western/ warming/ snowpack/ reduce/ is/ in/ very/ likely/ mountains/ to.
2. Problems/ likely/ increases/ forest/ are/ in/ fires/ with.
3. Economic/ rising/ combined/ growth/ sea/ losses/ population/ levels/ can/ with/ increase.

Polar regions: Arctic and Antarctica

m) Exchange the words in bold type with
their English equivalents:

traditional indigenous ways of life, thickness and

extent of glaciers and ice sheets, migrating
birds, navigable northern sea routes, mammals
and higher predators.

Reductions are likely in the товщина і розмір льодовика і льодових смуг, and the extent of sea ice
and permafrost.
The depth of summer permafrost melting is likely to increase.
Changes to natural ecosystems are likely to impact перелітних птахів , ссавці і вищі хижаки.
Specific ecosystems and habitats are expected to be vulnerable, as climatic barriers to species invasions are
lowered.
There are virtually certain to be both negative and positive effects on Arctic peoples. Detrimental
impacts would include those on infrastructure and традиційні місцеві види життя while beneficial effects
would include reduced heating costs and more судноплавні північні морські шляхи.

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n) Look through the text and say which of the paragraphs gives information about:

1. The flooding in low-lying regions can be caused by rising of sea levels.

2. Central and Eastern European countries could face less summer rainfall causing higher water stress.
3. Ongoing water shortages, notably in eastern and southern Australia are likely to get worse by 2030.
4. Glacier melting in the Himalayas is virtually certain to disrupt water supplies within the next 20 to 30
years.
5. Rising temperatures, coupled with overfishing, will decrease the supply of fish from big lakes with
important impacts on food supplies.

Activity 5. Draw the following table in your copy-book and fill it using the information
from the text.

Risks or changes around the

Part of the World Weather conditions world caused by different
weather conditions

Activity 6. Tell your group-mates about one of the parts of the world (weather
conditions and risks or changes) using the information from your copy-book.

Activity 7. Match the cities to the continents and describe the climate of each city.

a) Match the cities to the continents, then say where b) Use the colour code to describe the
each city is. climate of each city in (a).

Cairo has desert climate. It has very hot days

Example: Cairo is in Africa.
and cool to cold nights with little rain.
always hot and
Tropical wet humid with heavy
rain
always hot with
heavy rain in the wet
Tropical dry
season and less rain
in the dry season
very hot days and
Desert cool to cold nights;
little rain
hot, dry summers;
Mediterranean winters are mild and
wet
warm to hot
summers and cool
Humid subtropical
winters with some
rain all year
warm summers and
Humid oceanic cool winters with
some rain all year
mild summers and
Humid continental cold winters with
some rain all year
short cool summers
and long very cold
Arctic
winters with snow
and ice

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Activity 8. Watch the video and say what climate changes we observe in Ukraine.

a) Read the words with translation:

1. climate changes - зміни клімату
2. environmental organization - організації по захисту навколишнього середовища
3. humanity - людство
4. unsuitable for living - непридатний для життя
5. to estimate - оцінювати
6. to contribute - сприяти
7. reduction – зменшення

b) Answer the questions:

1. What do people do to prevent climate changes?
2. Who suffers from climate changes?
3. Have you ever taken part in the work of the environmental organizations?
4. Are there any other ways of preventing climate changes?
5. What do you personally do to protect the planet from climate changes?

Activity 9. Use the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete weather
forecasts. Translate the sentences.

remain melt rise fog icy wintry frost overcast

below zero drizzle wintry showers sleet overcast
reach fall wintry showers drizzle

1. Tomorrow the south will again ______________ warm and dry.

2. Temperature could ______________ 20 C during the afternoon.
3. In the north, the day will start quite cool, but temperature will ______________ gradually during the day.
4. Later the weather will turn cold and night-time temperatures can ______________ as low as 7C.
5. Tonight will be cold with ______________ in most parts of the country.
6. Tomorrow will also be bitterly cold with _______________ in many places.
7. Rain or _____________ will turn to snow, especially on high ground, later in the day.
8. Roads will be _____________ and drivers are advised to take extra care.
9. At the weekend daytime temperature can fall _______________ and there will be snow.
10. Monday will be a little warmer and by Tuesday morning the snow will begin to _______________.
11. ______________ is much thicker than mist. It's often misty in the morning in the mountains.
12. ______________ is a very fine rain.
13. ______________ is used on weather forecasts to mean a little snow.
14. A _______________ is a fairly strong wind, but it is not as strong as a gale.
15. If it's ____________, it's very dull.

Activity 10. a) Read and translate the text;

b) Write down the underlined words into the vocabularies and learn them.

THERE IS NO BAD WEATHER

When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be ―How do you do?‖ or ―How are you?‖ And after
the reply ―Very well, thank you: how are you?‖ the next remark is almost certain to be about the weather.
―It‘s a lovely morning, isn‘t it?‖ or ―Isn‘t it hot today?‖ and the other person will reply ―Yes, it‘s wonderful
weather we are having. I hope it will keep fine, it seems almost too good to last‖.
Yes, it‘s true, the heat of summer which lasted into September, has given way to the brightness of early
autumn. Its weather consists of periods alternating with sunshine of Indian summer. The woods are
turning yellow and brown. A rich colour carpet of leaves brings so much inspiration.
Gradually it gets darker: a thick fog is spreading over streets and hills. The lamps are lit in the streets
and in the shops and offices, cars and buses put on their lights and can only crawl along. Or perhaps the day
is dull, it is raining a little, the sky is grey, and everyone is wearing a mackintosh or carrying an umbrella. As
the cars and buses go along the street, they splash the water and mud on the passers-by. As someone
bumps into you, he says, ―Isn‘t it a beastly day?‖ – ―Yes‖, you reply.

85
 Then winter comes. There has been good fall of snow and a hard frost. It is just the day for a good
country walk; let us have a tramp down the country lanes. The ground is like iron and rings under our feet,
the frost sparkles on the branches, and icicles hang from the houses. It is still freezing hard and the ponds
are frozen over. There are crowds of people on them sliding and skating, and here is a merry group of
schoolboys having a fight with snowballs. I remember a snowstorm breaking force once! It is very pleasant
while the frost lasts; the unpleasant time comes when the thaw begins.
A few months have passed and it is a beautiful spring day. The rain fell heavily last night, but now the
soft white clouds are floating across the blue sky, and the sun is shining brightly. Raindrops and dewdrops
shine on every small green leaf and every blade of young grass.
But mind that cheerful and optimistic people don‘t often notice bad weather. We are masters of our
mood, and no weather has any chances to put our feelings down.

Activity 11. There is no description of summer in the text. Add you own description of
the season. Use the following word combinations:

to bring flowers, to walk in the wood, to pick berries and mushrooms, to lie in the sun, to invite to swim, to
spend the vocation on the seaside/the bank of the river, 25 degrees above zero in the shade, there‘s hardly a
breath of air, not a leaf stirring, a rain pours with thunder and lightning.

Activity 12. Make up the dialogues using the following word combinations and phrases
and act them out.

 a flash of lightning  a wonderful rainbow

 it must be 25 degrees in the shade  good fall of snow
 the sun is going in  the blue sky
 actually it‘s beginning to rain  splash the water and mud
 I have left my umbrella at home  sunshine of indian summer

Activity 13. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the underlined
words.

1. Вона подумала, що погода занадто хороша, щоб тривати.

2. Синоптики обіцяють, що завтра випаде багато снігу.
3. Він сподівався, що ніхто не обляпає його брудом.
4. Сем знав, що надворі дуже морозило і він мав залишитись вдома.
5. Він зауважив, що йому подабається тепло «бабиного літа» і він завжди намагається проводити
якнайбільше часу на свіжому повітрі.
6. Мої брати знали, що на вулиці було дуже холодно, тому що мороз виблискував на гілках і
бурульки звисали з дахів.
7. Вона завжди помічає чудові хмаринки які часто пропливають по небу.

Activity 14. Divide into teams. Watch the video (A Year on Planet Earth) and write your
own text to sound the video. Make outlines while watching the video.

Activity 15. Fill in the table and write down the advantages and disadvantages of every
season of the year. Make up a project and present your favourite season naming its
pros and cons.

Advantages Disadvantages
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

86
Activity 16. Answer the following questions.

1. Are there any special traditions associated with different seasons in your country?
2. Do you have many disasters in your country which are caused by weather?
3. What kind of climate do you prefer when choosing a place to go on vacation?
4. Can you think of different activities in which one season may be better than another?
5. In your opinion, which season is the most beautiful? (Which season is the most comfortable for you?)
6. Do you think weather affects the way people feel?
7. Do you think weather patterns are changing?
8. How do you depend on the weather reports on TV?
9. Why is it important to know future weather conditions in advance?

Activity 17. Read the lyrics to the song and complete the text by solving the riddles.
Listen to the song and check yourselves. Learn and sing the song.

We're all going on a __________ (a season) holiday

no more working for a _________( 7 days) or _____ (after one).
__________ (a good time) and laughter on our summer holiday,
no more ___________ (problems) for me or you,
for a week or _______ (after one ).

We're going where the __________ (it’s in the sky) shines brightly
we're going where the sea is __________ (a color).
we've all seen it on the movies;
now let's see if it's ___________ (the opposite of false).

____________ (people) has a summer holiday

doing things they always wanted to
So we're going on a _________ (a season) holiday,
to make our dreams come ____________ (the opposite of false).
for me and you, for me and you.

87
UNIT 5____________________________________________________________________________________

“Language is the blood of the soul into

which thoughts run and out of which they
grow.”

Oliver Wendell Holmes

“If you want to tell the untold stories, if

you want to give voice to the voiceless,
you've got to find a language. Which goes
for film as well as prose, for documentary as
well as autobiography. Use the wrong
language, and you're dumb and blind. “
Salman Rushdie

Activity 1. Comment on the quotes. Agree or disagree on them. Find some more quotes
about languages.

Activity 2. a) Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents;

b) learn the words.

1. to reflect a) подібний, схожий

2. to apply b) рідна мова
3. to confuse c) живий
4. minor d) науковий
5. scientific e) спільне підприємство
6. a soul f) глобальний, загальний
7. a mother tongue g) поведінка, манери, вчинки
8. trade relations h) супутниковий
9. global i) торгівельні відносини
10. alive j) гідний, що заслуговує, вартий
11. similar k) звичайний, пересічний, середній
12. behaviour l) звертатися з заявою/проханням
13. average m) незначний, другорядний
14. worth n) відбивати, відображати
15. satellite o) збивати з толку, бентежити
16. to reply p) розмова
17. joint venture q) душа
18. a conversation r) відповідати

Activity 3. а) Read and translate the text;

b) Write out the underlined phrases from the text into your vocabulary and learn them;

c) Make up dialogues, using the expressions from the text.

88
 WHY WE LEARN ENGLISH
People began to speak many centuries ago, and since then they have been speaking different languages.
Every language reflects the soul, behaviour and temperament of each nationality. Peoples created their own
alphabets and rules, but they always wanted to communicate, to understand and to know more about each
other. Languages help people to understand each other better, they help them to solve different economic and
political problems, which stand before them, and so people learn foreign languages.
All languages are different. Some are very difficult, some are easier, some are similar, but there are no
identical ones in the whole world. There are more
than 2 700 languages, in the world. Many of them
are "alive" because people use them, but there are
some "dead", for example Latin.
Two thousand years ago, Latin was the world's
most important international language. Today this
title belongs to English. It's a global language of
travel, business, pop culture, sport and science,
politics, trade and cultural relations.
Over one billion people speak English. That's
almost one fifth of the world's population. For over
400 million it's their first language. For the other 600
million it's either a second language or a foreign
language.
Today, in fact, over 250 million people are learning English. That's more than the population of the
USA.
It is spoken as a mother tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and
New Zealand. Besides, a lot of people speak English in Japan, India, China, Africa and many other countries.
English is one of the official languages of the United Nation Organization. Half of the world's scientific
literature is in English. It is the language of computer technology.
There is a proverb: "A new language is a new world". "Knowledge is a power", one great man said.
Speaking a foreign language one can not only read the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding
writers, but as well watch satellite programmes, travel easily to different parts of the world. Besides,
understanding and speaking a foreign language became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid
job.

Activity 4. Answer the questions.

1. What was the world's most important international language two thousand years ago?
2. How many people speak English as their first language, a second language or a foreign language?
3. How many languages are there in the world?
4. How many people are learning English?
5. In what countries is English spoken?
6. Name the advantages of learning English or any other foreign language?
7. Why do you learn English?

Activity 5. Learn the following words by heart.

1. to improve – удосконалювати(ся) 7. conclusion – висновок, завершення

2. obvious – очевидний, явний 8. enough – доволі, досить
3. to surround – оточувати; обступати 9. viable – життєздатний
4. completely – цілком, повністю 10. to maximise – збільшувати до межі
5. to achieve – досягати (мети і т.п.) 11. article – стаття; пункт, параграф
6. concentrated – зосереджений, 12. to continue – продовжувати(ся)
зконцентрований

Activity 6. a) Read the text and write out the underlined phrases from the text into
your vocabulary and learn them.

89
 ADVANTAGES OF LEARNING ENGLISH IN
THE UNITED KINGDOM
Today, millions of people want to learn or improve their
English but it is difficult to find the best method. Is it better to
study in Britain or America or to study in your own country?
The advantages of going to Britain seem obvious. Firstly,
you will be able to listen to the language all the time you are in
the country. You will be surrounded completely by the language
wherever you go. Another advantage is that you have to speak the
language if you are with other people. In Ukraine, it is always
possible, in the class, to speak Ukrainian if you want to and the learning is slower.
On the other hand, there are also advantages of staying at home to study. You don‘t have to make big
changes to your life. As well as this, it is also much cheaper than going to Britain but it is never possible to
achieve the results of living in the UK. If you have a good teacher in Ukraine, I think you can learn in a more
concentrated way than being in Britain without going to a school.
So, in conclusion, I think that if you have enough time and enough money, the best choice is to spend
some time in the UK. This is simply not possible for most people, so being here in Ukraine is the only viable
option. The most important thing to do in this situation is to maximise your opportunities: to speak only
English in class and to try to use English whenever possible outside the class.

b) Choose the best answer:

1. What is the article about?

 A How many people learn English.
 B English schools in England and America.
 C The best way to learn English.

2. What is one of the advantages of going to the UK to learn English?

 A There are no Ukrainians in Britain.
 B You will have to speak English and not your language.
 C The language schools there are better.

3. What is one of the advantages of staying in your country to learn English?

 A The teachers aren‘t very good in Britain.
 B You have to work too hard in Britain.
 C Your life can go on without changes.

4. People who don‘t have a lot of time and money should…

 A Try and speak English in class more often.
 B Learn English in Britain.
 C Go to Italy to learn English.

с) Choose the word in the set that has the same meaning as the main word.

1. to maximize a) to determine b) to proclaim c) to exploit d) to enlarge

2. concentrated a) intense b) separate c) uncoordinated d) dissimilar
3. viable a) fragile b) insecure c) practical d) unstable
4. advantage a) obstacle b) benefit c) complication d) impediment
5. possible a) potential b) inaccessible c) unattainable d) out-of-reach

d) Match the words with their definitions (write the number in front of the meaning).

1. to study 6. change
2. difficult 7. to surround
3. enough 8. result
4. to improve 9. outside
5. language 10. choice

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___ a system for the expression of thoughts, feelings, etc., by the use of spoken sounds or conventional
symbols
___ to make or become better in quality
___ something that ensues from an action, policy, course of events, etc.; outcome; consequence
___ to apply the mind to the learning or understanding of a subject, esp. by reading
___ beyond the limits of; out of doors
___ not easy to do; requiring effort
___ a variation or modification
___ the opportunity or power of choosing; an alternative action or possibility
___ as much as necessary
___to encircle or enclose

e) Write the next words into a proper column.

totally understandable attain termination accomplish
finish reach evident entirely absolutely extinction noticeable
to achieve, v obvious, adj completely, adv conclusion, n

f) Write a crammed story using the following phrases as a plan, get ready to present it
orally.
 to learn or improve one’s English;  to make big changes to one’s life;
 to find the best method;  to achieve the results of …;
 to study in one’s own country;  to learn in a more concentrated way;
 to listen to the language all the time;  the best choice is to …;
 another advantage is that …;  to maximise one’s opportunities;
 it is always possible;  the most important thing to do in this situation is … .
 on the other hand;

Activity 7. a) Listen to the information and finish the sentences:

Practice some listening__________________________________________________________

Memorize these phrases that you can use in conversation_______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Sometimes when you‘re speaking English, you have a sentence in mind, but you‘re missing two or three
important vocabulary words – ________________________________________________
Create conversations and write them down in your vocabulary notebook_____________________
____________________________________________________________________________
English words can be difficult to pronounce – and when speaking English, you have to consider not only the
pronunciation of the individual words, ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
There‘s also the ―rhythm‖ and intonation of the sentence to consider – ______________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Listen to one or two sentences (while reading the transcript), then pause the audio and __________
____________________________________________________________________________
If you feel nervous and are afraid of making a mistake while speaking English, __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Just do your best to communicate, and you‘ll often be successful even _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Think of yourself as an English speaker (because you are!) and focus on celebrating what you know,
_____________________________________________________________________________
Talk to yourself! It might feel ridiculous_______________________________________________
It‘s extremely important to practice in low-pressure situations as much as possible to build your confidence
so that you will be comfortable speaking English in a more ―high-pressure‖ situation
____________________________________________________________________________

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b) Answer the following questions:

1. What are the common difficulties of speaking English?

2. What does it mean to learn words in ―families‖?
3. What is not-so-good way to learn new words?
4. What are two ways to improve your pronunciation?
5. How much time you spend on listening during the conversation?
6. How much time per day do you need to develop your listening skills?
7. What is the difference between spoken and written English?
8. Name three things that can increase your confidence.
9. What are low-pressure and high- pressure situations?
10. Why is it important to speak to somebody?
11. What are your own recommendations to overcome the difficulties mentioned above?
12. What are your personal difficulties while speaking English?

c) Make up a dialogue: one of you has difficulties in studying English and another gives
pieces of advice how to solve your problems.

Activity 8. a) Choose the statement which illustrates the following expression and
explain your choice;

“How many languages you know so many times you are a man.”

The more languages the man The more languages the man The more languages the
knows the more educated knows the more hard-working man knows the more
and clever he is. and educated he is. outgoing and friendly he is.

b) Find some more quotations of the other people about the necessity of learning foreign
languages.

Activity 9. a) Watch the video and note the information;

b) Imagine that you are a principal of your own Speech School. Make your own
advertisement for your school. Use the video as an example;

c) Speak for one minute about the advantages of studying in your school.

Activity 10. Read the opinions of different people about the importance of learning
English and change these statements into the indirect speech using reporting verbs given
in the brackets. Tell why you study English.

1. Alice: ―I study English because I want to travel to different countries.‖ (to say)
2. Nick: ―I think it‘s really important to study English, cause it is an international language.‖ (to remind)
3. Jake: ―If you know English you can watch a lot of films in the original.‖ (to wonder)
4. Susan: ―I believe that English has already become the most important language in the world.‖ (to say to
him)
5. Dan: ―I learn English, because next year I‘ll study abroad.‖ (to insist)
6. Kate: ―Every modern person should learn English.‖ (to agree)
7. Sue: ―I started learning English when my family moved to the USA.‖ (to tell me)
8. Megan: ―My father thinks that English is one of the most important languages in the world.‖ (to warn)

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Activity 11. Change the sentences using reported speech; translate them into Ukrainian.

1. ―We created a joint venture that will take part in satellite connections development‖, said his friend.
2. ―You worth some financial reword for achieving good results in international trade relations‖, our
manager said to us.
3. ―Your reaction to this problem is reflecting the average person‘s behaviour‖, said my scientific adviser.
4. ―He was trying to concentrate on the conclusions of the article about English as a global language, when
I came home and interrupted him‖, said the girl.
5. ―I‘m confused with the fact you have applied that minor university‖, my coach said to me.
6. ―I didn‘t work at the article so I can‘t continue to discuss the topic‖, said the student to his teacher.
7. ―Lucy‘ll achieve prosperity and recognition, I‘m sure‖, he said.
8. ―He hasn‘t make enough effort to continue maximizing his income‖, said his wife.
9. ―It is completely obvious that you should maximize you efforts to improve even your mother tongue not
to mention any foreign language ‖, said the teacher to the pupils.
10. ―Children‘s souls must be surrounded by love and tenderness similar to the flowers pored upon with the
viable water‖, said the psychologist.

Activity 12. Translate the sentences.

1. Вчитель нагадав учням написати висновки до статті про рідну мову.

2. Джек повністю відмовився працювати в сфері глобальної торгівлі.
3. Син зізнався, що подав заяву в інший інститут.
4. Поліцейський наказав їм не заперечувати очевидних фактів.
5. Викладач наполягла на тому, що нам треба зосередитись на вдосконаленні навичок говоріння.
6. Наш вчитель запропонувала спілкуватися з носіями мови, щоб покращити мовлення.
7. Ганна поскаржилась, що її залучили до роботи в науковій експедиції.
8. Керівник попередив своїх працівників що однакові роботи не будуть прийматися.
9. Мій брат почув, що наукова стаття не варта уваги.
10. Старий чоловік закричав, що він був цілком незадоволений своїми досягненнями у вивченні
ідіом англійської мови на курсах.
11. Ліз була впевнена, що її діти досягнуть хороших результатів у вивченні англійської мови.

Activity 13. a) Listen to the song and fill in the gaps;

Michael Jackson “We are the world”

There comes a __________ when we hear a certain __________
When the world must come ____________ as one
There are people ____________
And it‘s time to lend a ____________ to life
The greatest __________ of all
We can't go on pretending ____________
That someone, somewhere will soon make a __________
We are all a __________- Gods great big __________
And the truth, you know,__________ is all we need
[Chorus]
We are the __________, we are the __________
We are the ones who make a __________ day
So let‘s start ____________
There's a ___________ we're making
We're saving our own _____________
Its true we'll make a _______________
Just you and me

Send them your ___________

So they'll know that __________ cares
And their lives will be _____________ and free
As God has shown us
By turning _____________ to bread
So we all must lend a helping ________

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[Chorus]

When you're ____________ and out, there seems no _________ at all

But if you just _________ there's no __________ we can fall
Let us realize that a __________ can only come
When we stand ____________ as one

b) Match the lines

We are the world, and me

We are the ones giving
So let's start we're making
There's a choice who make a brighter day
We're saving we are the children
It‘s true our own lives
Just you we'll make a better day

с) Translate the following expressions into Ukrainian:

 There comes a time - _____________________________________________________________________

 Certain call - ___________________________________________________________________________
 The world must come together as one - ______________________________________________________
 To lend a hand to life - ___________________________________________________________________
 The greatest gift of all - ___________________________________________________________________
 By turning stones to bread - _______________________________________________________________
 Pretending day by day - __________________________________________________________________
 That someone somewhere will soon make a change - ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
 Love is all we need - _____________________________________________________________________
 When you're down and out - _______________________________________________________________
 When we stand together as one - ____________________________________________________________
 Someone cares - _________________________________________________________________________
 There's no way we can fall - _______________________________________________________________

d) Learn the song by heart and sing it.

GLOBAL ENGLISH AND ITS

FUTURE
Activity 1. Watch the video and finish the sentences,
be ready to share the information.

1. Language becomes a global language because ………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. But power means different ……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
3. English first became international because of political ………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
4. If we talk about the 16-17 century we had the power ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. In 19 century economic power. Money talks always …………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. And then in the 20 century we have cultural power with English being the language…………………
......……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. So, as English turning up is always at the right place at the right time during these last 4 hundred
years or so that ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Activity 2. a) Answer the questions while listening to
the speaker Professor David Cristal.

1. What did the professor say about Latin?

2. Is Latin still used?
3. What are the reasons for English to become global?
4. In what spheres of life is English used?
5. What are the reasons people speak other languages?
6. For how long is English going to be global?
7. In what cases other languages can develop?
8. What is the fastest growing language in the world?
9. How many people in the world speak English nowadays?
10. Are there any signs of English to lose its power?
11. When the topic of global English become relevant?
12. Why does the world need a global language?
13. What was and is the number of members in United Nations Organizations?
14. What variant of English will dominate all the varieties of English?
15. In what ways will American English influence? Give the examples.
16. Is British English influence American English?
17. Why is American English on the first place?
18. How many people speak English in India?
19. What is the typical example of the verb usage present tense?
20. Why are the varieties in usage of English shifting around the world?
21. How does the McDonald‘s break grammar rules?
22. What can the future English be?
23. What is a Lingua Franca? Can English be a Lingua Franca?
24. How many variations of English does the professor speak? Name them.
25. In what way does language one speaks reflect its origin?
26. What is to accommodate?
27. Can you show the example of your native language changing according to the area it is used?

b) Make up sentences with each reporting verb given in the box and using the
information from the interview.

to advise, to warn, to agree, to confess, to insist, to suggest, to remind, to think

c) Fill in the blanks with the words from the table.

 who speak it  so many people speaking one language

 global for one reason only a thousand years ago  ask about the future of society
 of science and technology  American Imperialism
 would no longer be used  the variety of reasons
 power of money  has become multilingual
 the most powerful nations of the world  certain things happen
 to interact with them  over two billion people

1. Who would have predicted ______________________________________ that Latin

_________________________ in a thousand years time?
2. To ask about the future of language is to really________________________________________.
3. Language you see is ________________________________ and that is the power of the
people_________________________.
4. English became global for _________________________________, first of all the power of the British
Empire, later the power of _______________________________________, later the power of
industrial revolution which meant that the language ___________________________________ became
English predominantly. In the 19th century the __________________________________ – ―Money
talks‖.
5. Today only a fraction of the internet is English – internet ________________________________.

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6. English will stay a global language as long as _________________________________: first of all that
the nations that are recognized as ________________________________________________________
continue to use English, and all the other nations want to be like them or want
_____________________________________, or want to sell things to them and so on.
7. At the moment _______________________________________ are speaking English. There has never
been __________________________________________________________ before and there is no
sign of any slacking it off in that progress.

d) Find the equivalents in the professor‟s speech:

 певні тенденції
 новітня тенденція
 зробити можливим
 країни світу спілкуються одна з одною
 приєднуйтесь до когорти (клубу)
 старші члени (учасники)
 зіштовхуватись
 домінує над всіма варіантами англійської
 вплив американської англійської
 в іншому напрямку
 різноманітними шляхами
 визначати (ідентифікувати) когось
 свідоме рішення

Activity 3. Learn the following words by heart:

1. bowler hat – котелок (капелюх) 6. to stick to – притримуватися

2. tool – інструмент 7. to interact – взаємодіяти
3. root – корінь; джерело 8. valuable – цінний
4. background – походження; передумова 9. to hold on to – зберігати, утримувати (в
5. to be involved – включати, залучати пам‘яті)
10. arrogant – зарозумілий, самовпевнений

Activity 4. a) Read and translate the dialogue.

ENGLISH IN THE FUTURE

The reporter of the ―English Education‖ magazine is interviewing two English teachers Lynne and Greg
about learning English in the future.
REPORTER: Lynne, at what age do people start learning English these days?
LYNNE: Well, in many countries children start learning English when they go to school but in some
countries they‘re starting to teach English to much younger children and I think this will become more and
more common around the world.
GREG: I know that in some countries they‘re even having English lessons for six-year old children.
R: And do you think that English will soon be the universal
language?
LYNNE: Oh, I think most adults already speak English, because
English is very common and very useful.
R: What about you Greg?
GREG: I think that‘s right. There are so many English words that
are used internationally, for example, ―computer, radio,
television, football‖. So I think in years to come there will be
very few people who don‘t speak English.
R: And, do you think, Lynne, that teachers will start using
English to teach other subjects, for instance, geography or
science, and that they’ll be used in schools all over the world?
LYNNE: Yes, I do. I think that teachers will start experimenting
with that. It‘s the best way of learning English.

96
GREG: I don‘t think that‘s right. Some subjects will be in English certainly, for example, lessons in science,
but there is no reason why every single subject should be in English.
R: Right. Now, what about British and American life and habits, do you think that it’s important to
know about those?
LYNNE: I don‘t, not at all. I don‘t think that English as a language has something to do with double-decker
buses, and blower hats, and hamburgers and yellow taxis. It‘s an international language and it can be used
for communication between people who don‘t know each other‘s language, as a tool really. So, I don‘t think
that the cultural roots of English are important at all.
GREG: I think you have to understand the culture of a country, simply because there are some words that
mean different things to different people depending on what country they‘re in, for example, the word ―tea‖
can be a drink to some people in one country and in another country it means an entire meal. The word
―police‖ means different things to different people. You always have to know a little bit about the
background and the culture of a country before you can fully understand the language.
R: What about in the work? How important is English there, what’s its role?
LYNNE: Well, I think it‘s really important and I think more and more people will use it at work – it‘s easily
understood wherever you come from and I think, actually, everyone will need to use more English for their
work.
GREG: I think some people will need to use more English, particularly people working in big companies
who have to travel a lot and do a lot of business between countries, but I think for the majority of the
population in any country who aren’t involved in international business or moving around or travelling
they‘ll be very happy sticking to their own language.
R: And the traditional language class as we know it – do you think that that will continue or will there
be other forms of teaching, such as, teaching involving television and computers?
LYNNE: Well, I think that the traditional language class will still exist. Personal contact is very important
with the language teacher and of course you can interact with the other students and I think that that‘s much
more valuable than just relating to a computer screen or listening to cassettes.
R: Do you agree with that Greg?
GREG: Not entirely. We live in a computer age now and, it‘s highly likely that computers will allow people
to learn foreign languages on their own, so that you aren‘t dependant on teachers and other students. I‘m not
sure, but I think that‘s how it‘ll be.
R: And finally, do you think that English will ever become more important than the language of the
native speaker?
LYNNE: Well, no. I think obviously English is important, but I think your own language and your own
culture and traditions are more important to you and I think it‘s good to respect those and to hold on to
them.
GREG: Yes, I agree. I think it will be very arrogant to think that English would be more important than
your own language, I mean, ‗cause your own culture and your own personal identity and your national
identity are, after all, far more important, aren‘t they?
R: Thank you very much.
GREG: Thank you.

b) Give the answers to the following questions:

1. At what age do people start learning English these days?

2. Do you think English will be the universal language?
3. Do you think that teachers will start using English to teach other subjects, for instance, geography or
science, and that they‘ll be used in schools all over the world?
4. Do you think that it‘s important to know about British and American life and habits?
5. How important is English, what‘s its role?
6. Do you think new technologies should be used in studying?
7. Do you think that English will ever become more important than the language of the native speaker?

Activity 5. a) Read and translate the examples of the usage of the requests and orders
in the reported speech.

Indirect commands, requests, advice are usually expressed by a verb of command/request/advice +

object + infinitive. The following verbs can be used: advise, ask, beg, command, order, remind, tell, warn
etc.
Negative commands, requests etc. are usually reported by not + infinitive.

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 Direct Request Reported Request
―Please help me‖. She asked me to help her.
―Please don't smoke‖. She asked me not to smoke.
Direct Order Reported Order
―Go to bed!‖ He told the child to go to bed.
―Don't worry!‖ He told her not to worry.
―Be on time!‖ He told me to be on time.

b) Make up your own examples of direct requests and orders for your group mates to
change them into the indirect ones.

Activity 6. Change the sentences using reported speech; translate the sentences into
Ukrainian.

1. "Give me the bowler hat, please", said my mother to me.

2. "Don't take those tools", said Susan to him.
3. "Stick close to each other, please", said the security to us.
4. "Don't be so arrogant", said mother to her children.
5. "Please, hold on to this point of view", asked his friend.
6. "Don't take this valuable book to the playground", said her granny.
7. He said to me: "Don‘t get involved into these senseless discussions".
8. "Don't be confused, we‘ll find the root of your problems", said my sister to me.
9. She asked me: "Please, develop the interaction with this company".
10. He said to his daughter: "Don't study the background of their behaviour!"

THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN BRITISH AND
AMERICAN ENGLISH
Activity 1. Read the information about British
and American English. Memorize the following
words and word combinations.

British and American English have lots of words,

which look the same but have different meanings.
Nobody ever gets into serious trouble if they make a mistake, although you may get a strange look if you ask
for some wrong things.
But things get even more complicated!
Here are some American English words, which the British don't use at all.

• druggist — someone who sells medicine in a shop;

• parking lot — a place where you park the car;
• drugstore — a shop where you can buy medicine, beauty products, school supplies, small things;
• main street — the street in a town where all the shops are;
• stop lights — lights, which control the traffic;
• faucet — something you turn on and off to control water in a bath or a basin;
• elevator — a device which carries people from one floor to another in a building.

Activity 2. a) Read the dialogue in pairs and translate it into Ukrainian;

b) Write out the words from the dialogue into two columns: “British English” and
“American English”.

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AMERICAN: A bill is paper money.
You have a dollar bill, a five-dollar bill
and so on.
ENGLISH: Right. We call that a bank
note. Trousers are an item of clothing.
AMERICAN: Oh. I know what trousers
are! Yes... we call them pants.
ENGLISH: Oh, right.
AMERICAN: Oh, the snack food that's
round and flat and fried and thin and
very crisp, we call them chips... potato
chips.
ENGLISH: Oh, right. Cold, you mean?
We call those crisps. You buy them in a
packet... crisps. Car park, well... a
place where you park cars.
AMERICAN: We call that a parking lot. If I need some medicine or something like that I go to see the
druggist.
ENGLISH: Right. Oh, is that a place or a person?
AMERICAN: No, the place is the drugstore; the druggist is the person who'll give me the medicine.
ENGLISH: Right, we call that a chemist — but that's the name of the shop. A state school is a school, which
is funded by the state, it's the opposite of a private school, in other words.
AMERICAN: Oh yes, we call that public school.
ENGLISH: Oh, right.
AMERICAN: Water, in a sink comes out of a faucet.
ENGLISH: Ah yes, we call that a tap. Traffic lights — do you know what those are? When you're driving
along the road, and you have to stop because there are lights...
AMERICAN: You have to stop. So we call them stop lights.
ENGLISH: Stop lights. Right...
AMERICAN: When I get a hamburger I also like to get french fries which are the strips of fried potato.
ENGLISH: Oh, right — chips, we call those. When you travel around, for example in London on the train
under the ground, that's called the underground.
AMERICAN: No. It's called a subway, that's what we call it. I fill my car with gas.
ENGLISH: Ah yes, we call that petrol. There's another item of clothing — a waistcoat.
AMERICAN: Oh, yeah, that men wear. We call that a vest.
ENGLISH: That's right, it doesn't have any sleeves, yeah? Vest...yeah.
AMERICAN: Every town in America has a main street where all the shops are.
ENGLISH: Oh, right... No, we call that the high street. Same thing, 'high street'.

Activity 3. Familiarize yourself with the information about the differences in British and
American English.

US ENGLISH
(Resource: Cambridge – English Vocabulary in Use – Upp_Adv)
(A) English in the USA differs considerably from British English.
Pronunciation is the most striking difference but there are also a number of
differences in vocabulary and spelling as well as slight differences in grammar.
On the whole, British people are exposed to a lot of American English on TV,
in films and so on and so they will usually understand most American
vocabulary.

(B) American spelling is usually simpler. For example, British English words ending –our and –er, end –or
and –er in American English, e.g. colour / color, centre / center. There are differences in individual words
too, e.g. British ‗plough‘ becomes ‗plow‘. The American spelling usually tries to correspond more closely to
pronunciation.

(C) Here are some common US words with their British equivalents. Read and translate them.

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 Travel and on the street At home
American English British English American English British English
gasoline (gas) petrol antenna aerial
truck lorry elevator lift
baggage luggage eraser rubber
blow-out puncture apartment flat
sidewalk pavement closet wardrobe
line queue drapes curtains
vacation holiday faucet tap
trunk (of car) boot kerosene paraffin
hood (of car) bonnet scotch tape sell tape
cab taxi yard garden
freeway motorway cookie biscuit
round trip return candy sweets
railway car railway carriage garbage/trash rubbish
engineer (on train) engine driver diaper nappy
baby carriage pram panti-hose tights
sneakers trainers bathroom toilet
Note also:
the fall autumn
American

semester term [semester is becoming common in Britain.]

British
high school = secondary school
first floor ground floor
two weeks fortnight

(D) Here are some words and phrases which can cause confusion when used by Brits and Americans talking
together because they mean something different in each ‗language‘. Read and translate them.

when they say: an American means what a Brit and a Brit means what an American
calls: calls:
a bill a (bank) note a check (in a café)
the first floor the ground floor the second floor
pants trousers underpants
potato chips potato crisps french fries
purse a handbag a wallet
subway an underground railway an underpass
vest a waistcoat an undershirt
wash up wash your hands wash the dishes

Activity 4. If you saw words spelt in the following way would you expect the writer in
each case to be British or American? Why?

1 labor 2 centre 3 hospitalized 4 movie theater 5 favour 6 thru

Activity 5. What are (a) the American and (b) the British words for the following
things?

100
Activity 6. You are going on holidays to the States. Which of the words from activity 3
do you think would be most important for you if you:

a) travel with the baby;

b) drive a car;
c) go shopping;
d) want to rent a flat.

Activity 7. Transform the following sentences into British English and translate them
into Ukrainian.

1. I had a blow-out. 6. It‘s in the trunk.

2. Pass me the cookies. 7. One-way or round trip?
3. It‘s in the closet. 8. He left the faucet on.
4. Open the drapes. 9. We‘re leaving in the fall.
5. We‘ve run out of gas. 10. I hate to wait in line.

Activity 8. Decide if the speaker is using British English or American English, and cross
out the incorrect answer.

1. We‘ve decided to take our vacation in autumn / fall this year.

2. At my son‘s high school the new term / semester starts next week.
3. I never eat biscuits or sweets / candy.
4. Put that garbage in the dustbin / trashcan.
5. The trousers look nice with that waistcoat / vest.
6. The lorry / truck came past us on the highway.
7. My apartment is on the fourth floor but I‘m afraid there‘s no lift / elevator.
8. The people next door are on holiday / vacation. They‘ll be away for a fortnight.
9. We left the car in the car park / parking lot and took the subway to the centre.
10. My trainers are in the wardrobe / closet.

Activity 9. Complete the table.

British English American English

…………………….. vacation
trousers …………………..
…………………….. apartment
trainers …………………..
…………………….. high school
biscuits …………………..
…………………….. garbage
…………………….. highway
fortnight …………………..
…………………….. subway

Activity 10. This text includes some words used in American English. Underline them and
write the British English words on the right-hand side.

It was getting near lunchtime and I needed some gas, so 1………………………..

I left the freeway and drove towards the nearest town. There was a 2………………………..
gas station just outside the town and I decided to stop and have a 3………………………..
look round. I put the car in a parking lot and took a cab to the 4………………………..
centre. It was midday and very hot, so I stopped at a little cafe with 5………………………..
tables on the sidewalk. I started talking to a truck driver, who gave 6………………………..
me a history of the town, and afterwards he took me on a guided 7………………………..
tour. It made a very nice break.

101
Activity 11. Watch the video about differences in American and British English. While
watching write out all the words which are different in British and American English.
Explain why people don‟t understand each other.

Activity 12. Work in pairs, imagine that one of you is from Great Britain and the other
is from the USA, act out a dialogue, using the words from the video.

Activity 13. Can you avoid some of the most common confusions arising between British
and American speakers? Try the following quiz.

1. Where would you take (a) an American visitor (b) a British visitor who said they wanted to wash-up –
the kitchen or the bathroom?
2. Would (a) an American (b) a Brit be expected to get something hot or something cold if they asked for
some potato chips?
3. Which would surprise you more – an American or a British man telling you that he wanted to go and
change his pants?
4. You have just come into an unknown office block. If (a) an American (b) a Brit says that the office you
need is on the second floor? How many flights of stairs do you need to climb?
5. If (a) an American (b) a Brit asks for a bill, is he or she more likely to be in a bank or a café?

Activity 14. Surf the net and find more words of American English with their British
equivalents. Make a list at an appropriate place in your vocabulary.

Activity 15. Watch the video and figure out the main idea of it. Write down the
dialogue.

Activity 16. Listen to the song and do the tasks:

Sting "Englishman In New York"

a) Translate the words into English:
I don't drink (кава) I take tea my dear
I like my toast done on one side
And you can (чути) it in my accent when I talk
I'm an (англієць) in New York

See me walking down Fifth Avenue

(тростина) here at my side
I take it everywhere I walk
I'm an Englishman in (Нью Йорк)

I'm an alien I'm a (легальний) alien

I'm an Englishman in New York
I'm an (чужоземець) I'm a legal alien
I'm an Englishman in New York

If, "Manners make the man" as someone said

Then he's the (герой) of the day
It takes a man to suffer (неуцтво) and smile
Be yourself no matter what they (говорити)
I'm an alien I'm a legal alien
I'm an Englishman in New York
I'm an alien I'm a legal alien
I'm an Englishman in New York
b) Put the lines in correct order:
Gentleness, sobriety are rare in this society
Modesty, propriety can lead to notoriety
At night a candle's brighter than the sun
You could end up as the only one

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c) Match parts of the sentence:
Takes more than combat a license for a gun
Takes more than but never run
Confront your enemies, avoid them when you can
A gentleman will walk gear to make a man

d) Fill in the gaps:

If, "Manners make the man" as someone said I'm an alien I'm a legal alien
Then he's the hero ___________________ _______________________
It takes a man to suffer ignorance and ________ I'm an alien I'm __________
_______________ no matter what they say I'm an Englishman in New York

e) Underline the unknown words or expressions, discuss with some of your partners and
look in the dictionary for the meaning of them, later on share with the class.

Activity 17. a) Read and translate interesting language facts:

LANGUAGE FACTS
1. Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch procejt at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosnt mttaer waht oredr the ltteers in a
wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be
in the rghit pclae. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed
ervey lteter.
2. 'WASITACARORACATISAW'. This is the only English
sentence which even if we read in reverse, it'll give the same
sentence.
3. "Goodbye" came from "God bye" which came from "God be
with you."
4. The sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog."
uses every letter of the alphabet!
5. 'Go', is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.
6. There are only four words in the English language which end in
―dous‖: tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.
7. The Hawaiian alphabet has 12 letters.
8. There was no punctuation until the 15th century.
9. The only 15 letter word that can be spelled without repeating a letter is "uncopyrightable"!
10. The most used letter in the English alphabet is 'E', and 'Q' is the least used!
11. Q is the only letter in the alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the United States!
12. French was the official language of England for over 600 years.
13. The first word spoken on the moon was "okay."
14. A baby in Florida was named: Truewilllaughinglifebuckyboomermanifestdestiny. His middle name is
George James
15. In English, "four" is the only numeral that has the same number of letters as its value.

b) Write a short text (3-5 sentences) for your group mate to read it, use the text in
point 1 as an example;

c) Try to compose a sentence using all the letters of the alphabet; d) Find some more
interesting language facts and tell about them to your group mates.

Activity 18. Make a project on one of the suggested topics:

1. ―A universal language should replace all languages‖. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
universal language.

2. ―Write about a positive experience with learning or using English. Describe the experience and say why it
was a positive one.‖

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 QUESTION FORMS AND REPORTED SPEECH
Activity 1. Scan the table below and memorize the peculiarities of the usage of the
reported questions:

Interrogative sentences in reported speech have several peculiarities:

 direct word order;
 sentences do not start with the auxiliary verb of the tense;
 question mark is not used;
 the word ―that‖ is not used between reporting verb and reported speech as conjunction;
 sentences are formed with the help of such words as: to ask, to want to know, to be interested, to
wonder;
 to change general questions into indirect speech, word ―if‖ or ―whether‖ is used before the
question in indirect speech:
"Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.
"Did you come by train?" He wondered whether I had come by train.
"Will you see him tomorrow?" She asked if I should see him the next day.
 special questions begin with a question word such as what, who, whom, when, where, why,
how (the question word becomes the joining word instead of that, if or whether):
"What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me what my name was.
Peter said to John, "Why were you so late?" Peter asked John why he had been so late.
"When will your mother come home?" They asked when my mother would come home.
Note! “Let’s play” – said Nick Nick suggested to play.
“All right” – said Pete Pete agreed.
“Oh, no” – said Mike Mike refused.

Activity 2. a) Change the sentences into the reported ones;

b) Change the words from American English into British English;

c) Translate the sentences into the Ukrainian.

1. What is her mother tongue?

The reporter asked ____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you have drapes in your apartment?
My sister wanted to know ______________________________________________________________
3. How did Frank achieve his results in making cookies?
I wondered __________________________________________________________________________
4. Why didn‘t Jack buy this bowler hat?
She asked ___________________________________________________________________________
5. What time does the subway train arrive?
The old man asked ____________________________________________________________________
6. Who can fix the faucet in the bathroom?
The mother asked ____________________________________________________________________
7. What are the engineers doing at the moment?
The manager asked ___________________________________________________________________
8. Who has cleaned the yard and picked all the trash and garbage?
She asked ___________________________________________________________________________
9. Do you have trade relations with this company?
The business partner wanted to know_____________________________________________________
10. Is there any gasoline in the truck?
Her son was eager to know _____________________________________________________________
11. Can you stay at the sidewalk while the cab is driving along the freeway?
She asked __________________________________________________________________________
12. How many semesters do you have during the school year?
He asked ___________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3. Make up sentences using the words in brackets and translate them into
Ukrainian.

1. Where has she been on holidays? (We didn't know...).

2. Do you often stay in line to buy food? (She asked me...).
3. Why doesn't she apply for that job? (He wanted to know...).
4. When will the next train leave? (We asked...).
5. Why are you blowing out that balloon? (My friend asked me...).
6. How long have his parents worked for the joint venture? (They didn't know...).
7. Can you buy a scotch tape, eraser and napkins for me? (She asked him...).
8. Who fixed the elevator and broke the antenna? (She didn't know...).
9. How many candies have you eaten? (He wondered...).
10. Did your sister refuse to go to the cinema? (She asked...).
11. Will your parents present us a new closet? (They wanted to know…).
12. Is he a good-looking man? (She wanted to know...).

Activity 4. Translate the sentences. Compare the word order in two sentences.

1. Вони спитали хлопчика: «Якою мовою ти розмовляєш?»

Вони спитали хлопчика, якою мовою він розмовляє.
2. Моя сестра сказала: «Не користуйся моєю ручкою, будь ласка».
Моя сестра попросила мене не користуватися її ручкою.
3. Мама сказала дітям: «Грайтеся у дворі. Не грайтеся на тротуарі».
Мама попросила дітей гратися у дворі і не гратися на тротуарі.
4. Ганна сказала бабусі: «Я піду до аптеки завтра».
Ганна сказала бабусі, що вона піде до аптеки завтра.
5. Коли я зустрів Тома, я спитав його: «Твій батько все ще у відпустці?»
Коли я зустрів Тома, я спитав його, чи його батько все ще у відпустці.
6. Джейн сказала: «Я купила новий гаманець».
Джейн сказала, що вона купила новий гаманець.
7. Я спитав свого друга: «Коли ти покажеш мені свою нову квартиру?»
Я спитав свого друга, коли він покаже мені свою нову квартиру.
8. Тато спитав мене: «Ти збираєшся взяти таксі?»
Тато запитав мене чи збираюсь я взяти таксі.

Activity 5. Restore direct speech in the following sentences.

1. She asked me if I liked potato chips.

2. My friend asked me if he could borrow my lorry.
3. John wanted to know if that had not caused any problem.
4. She asked me if I had used the sidewalk.
5. They wanted to know where I was going.
6. Kate asked Mike whether he preferred eating at home.
7. We wanted to know when he would tell us the truth.
8. I asked her where her father was.
9. They wanted to know if the results of that experiment were exciting.
10. Susan asked Ann when she would give her new telephone number.

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UNIT 6____________________________________________________________________________________

Winning is a habit.
Unfortunately so is losing.”

Vince Lombardi Jr

Activity 1. Read the quote, discuss it with your group. Say, if you agree or disagree.

SPORTS NOWADAYS
Activity 2. Read the text about general role of sports in our life and do the following
tasks.

a) Answer the question before reading the text:

- What do you think about going in for sports?
- Do you go in for sports regularly? Why?
- Give three words which you can associate with sports. Explain your choice.

b) Find English equivalents to the given Ukrainian phrases:

- життя стає напруженішим і напруженішим ______________________________________
- страждати від будь якого розладу ______________________________________
- так звані спортивні вболівальники (фани) ______________________________________
- фізичні переваги ______________________________________
- допомагає бути вольовим і мужнім ______________________________________
- беруть участь у ______________________________________
- зробити великий прогрес ______________________________________
- соціальні переваги ______________________________________
- багато сказано ______________________________________
- вживання наркотиків ______________________________________
- тренери ______________________________________

c) Read and translate the text.

People say «Health is above wealth». If your body

suffers from any disorder, your mind suffers with it too.
So, you can‘t make much progress in knowledge and
business.
Thousands of people are sure that sport is very helpful
to have a good health. It is sport that helps to be strong-
willed and courageous.
When you ask people why they spend so much time
on sport, and sometimes money, they will talk about the
physical benefits (feeling fit, sleeping better) and the social advantages (meeting people with the same
interests, the team spirit, making money). However, the social aspect seems to be more important for men
than for women. Very often, enjoying a drink with friends after the match is also important.

106
 Of course, some people don‘t think that sport is just a hobby; it is an everyday work for them. Much is
spoken about problems in professional sport. There is a lot drug taking in sport, sometimes even coaches
make sportsmen do it. There is too much pressure on young sports people. But still many people are involved
in professional sport and millions of people cannot live without it. They prefer watching sporting events, but
not taking part in them. They are so-called sport-fans.
Hockey, skiing and skating are among the most popular winter sports. In summer swimming is enjoyed
by millions of people.
Nowadays our life is getting tenser and tenser. People live under the press of different problems, such as
social, ecological, economic and others. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities,
diseases and instability. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. To
achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health.

d) Answer the questions:

1. Why do people go in for sports? What social or physical advantages of it can you determine?
2. What problems can you mention while going in for sports?
3. Who are sport-fans? What do they do? Are you a sport fan?

Activity 3. Underwrite the pictures with the words they define, write the Ukrainian
equivalents and acquaint yourself with different kinds of sports.

1. Football
2. Golf
3. Rugby
4. Volleyball
5. Tennis
6. Basketball
7. Table tennis
8. Baseball
9. Hockey
10. Swimming
11. Bodybuilding
12. Yoga
13. Cycling
14. Sport dance
15. Skiing
16. Martial Arts
17. Sport tourism
18. Car racing
19. Figure skating
20. Athletics

Activity 4. Watch the video and write out all kinds of sports in order of their
popularity. Which of them do you prefer the most? Why?

1._______________________ 6.________________________
2._______________________ 7.________________________
3._______________________ 8.________________________
4._______________________ 9.________________________
5._______________________ 10._______________________

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Activity 5. Make your own top 5 list of kinds of sports starting with the least popular.
Explain your choice.

Activity 6. Look over the sport equipment. Translate the words and define all kinds of
sports where each of them can be used.

equipment translation kinds of sports

a ball
a bat
skates
a dumbbell
a racket
poles
a weight
sneakers
gumshoes
gates
a helmet
a mouthguard
gloves

Activity 7. Fill in the gaps with modal verbs, explain your choice. Read and translate
the sentences.

1. The ball is not dirty. You ______________ clean it.

2. Bob __________ go in for sports. He is really weak.
3. I‘m not sure, but I __________ play tennis tomorrow
if it‘s not raining.
4. Your younger brother didn‘t know how to use a
baseball bat. I ___________________ show him.
5. Be careful when you are skating. You __________
fall.
6. He never comes to the gym late! He
________________ overslept today.
7. ______________ you help me? I definitely
___________ lift this dumbbell.
8. You ________________________ followed the instructions of your sport coach. Then you
________________ won the game.
9. She ________________________ gone in for running of something. She looks really fit.
10. You walked all the way here wearing those high heels. You __________________ put on the sneakers
better.
11. He ______________________ gone to the sport supermarket in the centre of the city. He
___________________ bought the same rackets and tennis balls in our local shop.
12. ____________ you take the ball out of the gates, please?

Activity 8. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. He must have sold his skates

2. He may have sold his skates.
3. He might have sold his skates.
4. He can‘t have sold his skates.
5. He couldn‘t have sold his skates.
6. He should have sold his skates.
7. He shouldn‘t have sold his skates
8. He needn‘t have sold his skates.
9. He didn‘t have to sell his skates.
10. He had to sell his skates.
11. He was to sell his skates.

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Activity 9. a) Divide given kinds of sports into team, individual or both.

Kinds of sports Individual Team

Football
Golf
Rugby
Volleyball
Tennis
Basketball
Baseball
Sport tourism
Martial Arts
Sport dance
Bodybuilding
Skiing
Yoga
Hockey
Swimming
Table tennis
Cycling
Car racing

b) Read these pros and decide whether they are about team or individual kinds of
sports. Explain your choice.

- sportsmen learn to be self motivated;

- easier for athletes to deal with winning and losing;
- the only one gets the glory;
- sportsmen develop their cooperation and teamwork skills;
- sportsmen compete at their own tempo;
- you get to learn sportsmanship and how to work with others to win the game;
- you are recognized for what you do.

c) Find out cons of individual and team sports, discuss them with your group mates.

Activity 10. Watch the video, write down all the given cons and pros of the individual
and team games. Say whether you agree or disagree.

Activity 11.
a) Match the actions with the proper equipment, translate the word combinations.

1. to score
2. to hit
3. to swing the dumbbell
4. to catch the ball
5. to kick
the rocket
6. to head
7. to pass the bat
8. 8. to lift

b) Name two kinds of sports for each action. Make the sentence with each expression.

109
Activity 12.Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Learn the words.

1. an effort a крокувати вперед

2. a performance b демонстрація, показ
3. to step forward c випадок
4. a record d зусилля
5. an occasion e виступ
6. a high level result f боротися, змагатися
7. to struggle g лідирувати
8. a demonstration h удача, везіння
9. to accomplish i рекорд
10. a growth j мужність
11. to lead k результат високого рівня
12. an achievement l досягти
13. to break through m ріст
14. a courage n сміливий, відважний
15. a fortune o досягнення
16. the top score p збільшувати
17. to increase q найвищий бал
18. daring r прорватися

Activity 13. Divide the words given before into the groups according to their meaning.

Event Achievement Ability Action

Activity 14. Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box. Translate the sentences
and define the grammar tense in each of them. Parse the sentences.

demonstration, the top score, performance, lead, fortune, growth, courage, efforts, break
through, struggled, high level results,

1. The team with _________ usually wins.

2. Every sport competition is a _________________ where we can watch the ______________ of men
and women‘s physical benefits.
3. You should have __________________ more to ________________ the game.
4. It‘s nice to have a good ___________________, but only ________________ and a lot of __________
can help you to ______________________________.
5. You shouldn‘t smoke if you want to show________________________ at the competition.
6. Everyday hard training made his quick ___________________________ as a bodybuilder.

Activity 15. Translate into English.

1. Якщо вони ходитимуть на тренування, вони можуть лідирувати у змаганні.

2. Він повинен був поборотися за високий результат.
3. Мабуть фортуна покинула їх команду.
4. Вам треба взяти участь у цьому виступу.
5. Вона спитала, чи збільшилися досягнення Джека.
6. Твій тренер може ніколи не відзначити твоїх зусиль.
7. Завтра я буду готовий і можу спробувати побити твій рекорд.

Activity 16. Sport and healthy way of life are very popular nowadays. So, being fit is in
fashion. To keep people motivated coaches, trainers and fitness companies use many PR
motions. Every coach tries to motivate his players to win before the game.

110
a) Read and translate the parts of such speeches.

□ Make the memories for your fans;

□ Catch the fortune tonight;
□ This is your time;
□ You are born in winning, you continue it, and when the time comes, you hand it
down to the next generations;
□ Great moments are born from great opportunity;
□ The game will remember you tonight;
□ Team is something you belong to, something you feel, something
you have to earn;
□ Tonight make an effort and become a team you‘ve always wanted
to be;
□ If we don‘t come together, it‘s over;
□ Win;
□ There is only one way to succeed in anything, and that is to give it everything. I do, and I demand you
to;
□ I don‘t care what the scoreboard will say in the end of the game, in my book you are the winners;
□ Now I want every one of you to pick one person, one special person who is above the rest, and to
dedicate your performance to them tonight. Play for them!;
□ And this team we fight, and we shot them down, because we can;
□ You shouldn‘t have had any doubts in your mind about what you are supposed to do tonight and about
how you are supposed to do it.

b) Watch the video and mark the phrases mentioned there.

c) Imagine that you are a coach of a famous basketball team and you are going to
have a final championship game. Write a speech and tell it to your team, help them
to win.

Activity 17. a) Look some sport motivators through and discuss.

b) Pick one of these pictures and make a chat discussing on the blackboard.

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Activity 18. The songs also can be the way of
motivating. Listen to the following one and do the
following tasks. Sing the song and learn it.

The Script “Hall of Fame”

a) Open the brackets, fill in the gaps:

Yeah, you (міг би бути) _____________________ the

greatest
You (можеш бути) _____________________ the best
You (можеш бути) _________________ the King Kong
banging on your chest

You (міг би) ________________beat the world

You (міг би) ________________ beat the war
You (міг би) _________________ talk to God, go banging on his door

You (можеш) ___________________ throw your hands up

You (можеш) _______________ beat the clock
You (можеш) ________________ move a mountain
You (можеш) ________________break rocks
You (можеш) ________________ be a master
Don't wait for luck
Dedicate yourself and you (можеш) __________ find yourself

b) Put the sentences into the correct order:

____And the world's gonna know your name

____And you'll be on the walls of the hall of fame
____Standing in the hall of fame
____Cause you burn with the brightest flame
____And the world's gonna know your name

c) Translate the phrases, check yourself while listening to the song:

You could пройти дистанцію

You could пробігти милю
You could walk straight through hell з посмішкою
You could бути героєм
You could get золото
Breaking всі рекорди they thought could never be broke
Do it для своїх людей
Do it для своєї гордості
Never gonna know if you never even спробуєш
Do it for твоєї країни
Do it for твого імені
Cause there's gonna be день
When you're...

Activity 19. Listen to the dialogue between the journalist (Q) and the girl named
Lindsey Stewart (L) and do the following tasks:
a) Fill in the gaps with the proper words;

b) Write out all the words in bold type, translate them;

c) Read and translate the dialogue;

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Q: What sports are popular among the young?
L: Most girls play softball, which is... it's like baseball,
but ________________________. But, if you can play
softball, then you can also play baseball. And it's... it's just
for fun. It's... it's not very competitive, when you just play
with your friends, so, you're just playing for fun. Almost all
my friends, that are girls, played sports
______________________________________. Almost
everyone knows, how to play baseball or soccer or
basketball, many sports.
Q: What are _____________________________ sports?
L: My favorite sports are soccer, baseball and surfing.
Q: Do you go surfing in Washington?
L: No, no opportunities for surfing in Washington, only when I
________________________________ California.
Q: Are you good at surfing?
L: Er... I'm all right. I'm not that good, because I don't get the surf that much, but it's one of the most
exciting sports, that you can ever imagine. It's _________________________________.
Q: Is surfing popular?
L: It's very popular.
Q: Is windsurfing as popular as surfing?
L: Windsurfing is _________________________________________ surfing, but some people windsurf.
It's more surfing though, that's the most popular, and body boarding, which is like surfing, but instead of
standing up you lay down on the board.
Q: When did you start surfing?
L: I first started surfing, when I was in fifth grade, so, I was about eleven or twelve years old, and my
board was six feet tall, and I was probably four feet tall, so, it was a lot bigger than me. And the first time
I got out in the waves, it was kind of scary, because the waves were... they weren't really, really big, but
since I was so little, they seemed _______________________________________. And the first time I cut a
wave, I fell in love with surfing. I thought, it was the best thing in the world. I wanted to go surfing every
day.
Q: What do you need to have to start surfing?
L: For surfing you have to have a surf board, of course, and there are many different types of surf boards,
____________________________________________. You can buy short ones, about five or six feet, or you
can buy boards, that are nine or ten feet long. The boards, that are nine or ten feet long, are easier
_____________________________ and learn on. You also need a leash, that you... you attach to your leg,
and it's attached to your board, so, that... when you fall off your board, you're still attached to your board,
and it doesn't drift into the ocean. And if the water's really cold, you can wear __________________, which
will ____________________________________.
Q: What sports do the young often play in the United States?
L: Well, in the United States we have baseball and softball. Guys or men will play baseball, and girls will
play softball. When _____________________________, you play softball, if you are a girl. I grew up
playing softball more, than baseball, but I would play baseball ______________________________, when
we were on teams.
Q: Do you go in for sports regularly?
L: Well, at college I don't have much time ___________________________, but I usually try and go
running every week for, may be, three or four hours. And on the weekends sometimes we'll play soccer for,
may be, two hours.
Q: What sports would you play ________________________________?
L: If I had more time, I would play basketball, because basketball is also very fun sport, and
______________________________________, where I come from. So, it's very popular.
Q: What sports did you play when a child?
L: When I was in kindergarten, so, I was probably six years old. When you're six years old, you
play___________________________, and you play soccer, and I played softball. So, they're trying to teach
you the rules of the game early, and they want you to enjoy it. There is not _________________________,
as there are, when you're older. So, it's more just for fun, but we do start playing at the very early age. It's
popular, because, when you played baseball in kindergarten, they put the ball on a... on a stick, and you hit
the ball off a stick. So, it's easier ______________________________, and that's how they learn the rules.
And in, may be, two years after that is when you start playing with a pitcher, who throws the ball to you,
and when you're at bat.

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Q: Lindsay, do you remember what the most popular sport was ___________________________?
L: In high school the most popular sport is definitely ________________________________, because
every week at my high school we would have a football game against a rival high school, and almost every
student from high school would be there, parents would come, community members would come, it was a
very, very big event.
Q: Do you like American football?
L: I don't really like American football that much, but it was _______________________________.
Q: Do you watch sports on TV?
L: I like to watch baseball on TV.
Q: Can you name ___________________________________ American sportsmen?
L: I think, the most popular sportsmen in America are, probably, basketball players, like Shaquille
O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, baseball players like Barry Bonds and Derek Jeter.
Q: You said nothing about tennis. Is it popular in America?
L: Tennis... I ___________________________________________, but Andre Agassi and Pete Sampras
are very popular.

Activity 20. Remake the dialogue given before into Indirect Speech.

Activity 21. Make up the dialogues of your own. Ask each other about your favourite
kinds of sports in childhood and now.

Activity 22. Make a project “My favourite kind of sports”.

SPORT LEGENDS
Activity 1. a) Meet some sport legends. Try to match their names, pictures and kind of
sports they are or were the best in. If you know something about them, tell your group
mates.

Boxing
Andre Agassi
Tennis
Pavel Bure
Pele (Edson Arantes) Biathlon
Ole Bjornbalen
Cristiano Ronaldo Football
Lionel Messi
Michael Schumacher Mike Tyson Basketball
Michael Jordan
Hockey
Shakel O‘Neil
Racing

114
a) Find information and get ready to tell about one of these sport legends, about their
success and about how they achieved it.

Activity 2. a) Read the story of the most famous car racer Michael Schumacher. Write
our and translate the underlined words.

SOME FACTS ABOUT SHUMMY

Born on: 3rd Jan 69
Born in: Germany
Marital status: Married
Occupation: F1 racer
Michael Schumacher needs no introduction. But, those who are
looking for some would definitely know that Schumacher is German
Formula One driver and seven times World Champion. He is well known for
his racing skills and speed. So far, he has participated in more than 300 races
with 91 wins. Michael Schumacher started his racing career in 1991 with
Formula One‘s Benetton F1 team. In 1996, he switched on to Ferrari team
and continued to drive for them till 2005. In 2006, he took a voluntary
retirement from F1 and joined Ferrari as their Formula One advisor. Then
later in the year 2010, Schumacher returned to racing with Mercedes GP
team with a three year contract. Michael Schumacher is the only Formula
One driver who won seven championships. Off the track M. Schumacher is
an ambassador for UNESCO and also a spokesperson for driver safety.
If we talk about Schumacher‘s career in racing, it won‘t be wrong to say
that he had a wonderful journey. He is the only racer to have achieved too
many records and became an inspiration for many other sportsmen. During
this journey, he has suffered from many injuries and accidents.

Interesting to know:
 Michael Schumacher is passionate about football and even plays for an amateur team near his
home… coincidentally, his coach‘s name is Patrick Ferrari;
 Michael Schumacher had a hand in designing the Ferrari Enzo car;
 Michael Schumacher has a lucky pendant without which he doesn‘t drive;
 Michael Schumacher said that he didn‘t want his son Mick to follow in his footsteps and did not let
him race… he‘d rather have his son be a golfer or tennis player…;
 Construction on the Michael Schumacher World Champion Tower in Abu Dhabi is going to be
opened later this year. It will be the first of seven towers named after the seven-time Formula One
World Champion.

Skiing accident
On 29 December 2013, Schumacher was skiing with his
14-year-old son Mick. While getting down the mountains in the
French Alps he fell and hit his head on a rock, getting a hard head
injury despite wearing a helmet. His doctors say he would have
died if had he not been wearing a helmet. Schumacher was put into
a medically brought coma because of having suffered a traumatic
brain injury. On 7 March 2014 the doctors reported that his
condition was stable. On 4 April 2014, Schumacher's agent reported that he was showing "moments of
consciousness" as he was gradually coming out from the coma.

b) Learn more about Michael Schumacher at home and give the answers to the following
questions:

1. Who is Michael Schumacher? What is his achievement?

2. What car companies has he been working with during his career?
3. What family has Michael got? Tell about the members of his family.
4. What are his hobbies except car racing?
5. What movies did he act in?
6. What bad habits does he have?
7. What sports is he going for to keep fit?
8. What happened to him while skiing on 29 December 2013?

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Activity 3. Transform the sentences into Active voice.

1. Have all these cups been got by Schumacher during the only one year?
2. He showed me the dumbbell which had been lifted by his father one hundred times.
3. Cristiano Ronaldo is spoken about his fashion and style the most, so he must be a spokesperson number
one in football.
4. The game score has been left open though no one got the top score.
5. Vitaliy Klitchko is followed in his footsteps by his younger brother Volodymyr.
6. Pele has been spoken much of because of his active social life and great achievement.
7. The match wasn‘t finished in tine because of the soccer fans‘ fight.
8. The rockets will be bought tomorrow. I‘ll have a hand in buying them.
9. Hockey is usually played in winter.
10. The playing field has just been left.
11. The uniform for the following game was washed and ironed.
12. The boy was punished for the occasion with breaking the poles while skiing.

Activity 4. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Вона сказала, що так звані спортивні фанати дуже часто відвідують футбольні матчі.
2. Уле Бьорндален був змушений брати участь у змаганнях з велоспорту та легкої атлетики до того
як почав займатися біатлоном. Він з дитинства почав крокувати вперед до власного рекорду.
3. Мені сказали, що Майк Тайсон – наймолодший чемпіон світу з боксу. Він дуже мужній та
відважний.
4. В школі Майкла Джордана змушували хорошо навчатися, але він не хотів.
5. Андре Агассі говорить, що почав грати в теніс з раннього дитинства.
6. Міхаелю Шумахеру не слід було кататися на лижах на такій небезпечній трасі.
7. Коли він побачив мої нові коньки, він запитав, де я їх купив.
8. Говорять, що Пеле зробив великий прогрес у розвитку футболу. Це був справжній прорив.
9. Кіті сказала, що завтра увечері дивитиметься матч з тенісу.
10. За швидку гру Павлу Буре дали прізвисько (nick name) «Російська ракета».

EXTREME SPORTS
Activity 1. Read the word
combinations with the translation.
Make up sentences with each of them.
Every time use different tense form.

1. muscular contracture – м‘язова

контрактура (біль у м‘язах)
2. small lesions - невеликі пошкодження
3. must resemble - повинен бути схожий
4. to limit brutality and violence -
обмежувати жорстокість і насильство
5. an excuse for violence - привід для
насильства
6. barely-concealed - ледь прихований
7. suffer injury or pain - страждання від травми або болю
8. ripped open - розірваний
9. most exposed to - які найбільш піддаються

Activity 2. a) Read and translate the text.

Every time you hear about the health state or the accidents suffered by sport stars. Even you can
experience small lesions, or a muscular contracture without making sport. The body parts most exposed to
accidents are the knee (24%), the thigh and the heel (14%), elbow (13%), shin (10%), shoulder and hips
(9%), head and cheek (7%), ankle (5%), wrist and palm (4%).

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 The proper wear and equipment prevent accidents. Sport shoes
must protect and hold the feet, but not tight. For skating, the footwear
must resemble the boots.
Some sports demand protection equipment, like amateur boxing,
when the adversaries enter the ring equipped with helmets, gloves
and mouthguard.
Millions of people play sport every day, and, inevitably, some
suffer injury or pain. Most players and spectators accept this risk.
However, some people would like to see dangerous sports such as
boxing or fighting without rules.
Some sports are nothing but an excuse for violence. Boxing is a perfect example. The last thing an
increasingly violent world needs is more violence on our television. The sight of two men (or even women)
bleeding, with faces ripped open, trying to obliterate each other is cruel and wild. Other sports, such as
American football or rugby, are also rude and violent.
Some people argue that the players can choose to
participate. However, this is not always the case.
Many boxers, for example, come from bad
problematic families. They are attracted by money or
by social pressure and then cannot escape.
Let‘s accept that all sports involve challenge and
risk. However, violence and aggression should not be
permitted in the name of sport. Governments and
individuals must act to limit brutality and violence, so
that children and adults can enjoy and benefit from
sport.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What are the most typical sport traumas?

2. What should the sportsmen do to avoid injuries and pain?
3. Do you think it‘s okay that sport can cause much damage to the human‘s health?
4. What is your attitude to such kinds of sports as boxing or martial arts?

Activity 3. Read, translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs.
Example: She can accomplish the top score.
ability

1. You don‘t have to follow in your father‘s footsteps._______________

2. Look at that dumbbell; it must be very heavy._______________
3. You mustn‘t run here._______________
4. I might break your record soon._______________
5. Shall we increase your training time?_______________
6. Will you please ask your fans keep calm?_______________
7. You have to be at the Martial arts performance at 8:45.________________
8. If you want to keep fit you should not be lazy and ride your bike every day.________________
9. Jack didn‘t wear proper equipment; he must be crazy. He can get small lesions
anyway._________________________________
10. Can you bring me back my mouthguard?________________
11. You may only play the ball with your legs.________________
12. He may not win again.________________
13. It‘s dangerous to go in for cycling. You better ought to wear a helmet.________________

Activity 4. Discuss the following questions with your group mates.

1. What kinds of sports do you consider to be dangerous or extremely dangerous?

2. Can you name any extreme sports that take place in air, land, and water?
3. Think of major reasons why people play extreme sports?
4. What are the most important things people must think first before playing extreme sports?

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Activity 5. Match the words with their definitions. Learn the words, make up a
crammed story with them.

1. a commonplace a make necessary, demand

2. to compel b a usual or ordinary thing
3. to require c interested in or attracted by (someone or something)
4. to compete d force to come or go in a particular direction
5. to be keen on e strive to gain or win something by defeating others
6. to overcome f make sure that (a problem) does not occur
7. adventurous g succeed in dealing with (a problem or difficulty)
8. to relieve h the risk or difficulty that arises from a particular situation or activity
9. to ensure i willing to take risks or to try out new methods, ideas, or experiences
10. peril j a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant
11. a consequence k cause (pain, distress, or difficulty) to become less severe or serious

Activity 6. Read the sentences. Switch the words in the sentences into the proper ones
from activity 5. Translate the sentences.

1. Playing table tennis is such an ordinary thing nowadays. I‘d better choose grass hockey.
2. Good looking body forces me to go in for bodybuilding more and more.
3. I‘m so attracted by the defeating for the first prize.
4. The unpleasant results of the last boxing competition were really frightening.
5. Going in for skiing last year Michael Schumacher didn‘t know that his life was in a great risk.
6. He made us sure that the game will be interesting.
7. The athlete took a pill after the performance to make his muscle ache less painful.
8. The coaches say they demand their athletes to increase their results in individual competition.

Activity 7. Read and translate the text.

SOME SPORTS ARE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS

BUT MANY PEOPLE STILL LIKE THEM MUCH
Extreme sports are nontraditional sports and activities that require participants to
combine athletic skill with great risk. An extreme sport is a popular term for certain
activities which have a high level of danger. These activities often include speed, height, a
high level of physical training. We can call many kinds of sports extreme ones. Extreme
sports are often forbidden by sport schools. Usually athletes don‘t have a coach. People in
extreme sports compete not only against each other, but also against weather and conditions
of exact kind of extreme sport.
There are many extreme sports that take place in air,
land, and water. For example there are some of them: ski
jumping, sky diving, sky surfing, sky flying, indoor climbing,
BMX (bicycle motocross), mountain biking, mountain
boarding, skateboarding, snowboarding, powerboat racing,
surfing, windsurfing. All these sports need to have special equipment and
glasses.
Most people play extreme sports for two major reasons. Perhaps the main reason is that people want
to overcome fear against certain things, such as giving speech in front of crowd. Another important reason is
that those sports tend to be highly stimulating. It is often a good way to relieve worry and stress which come
from various aspects.
In terms of protection, the most important thing to do is to ensure
participants are in good health conditions. This is because the risk of being injured
is very high. Sometimes, even people‘s lives will be in danger. If those risk takers
are strong enough, they will survive after some horrific and tragic accidents.
In conclusion, people like to play dangerous sports for conquer fears and
relaxing. However, they need to be fully aware of the consequences and risks of
doing this.

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Activity 8. Complete the sentences taken from the text. Translate them.

1. Extreme sports are nontraditional sports and activities …

2. People in extreme sports compete not only …
3. Perhaps the main reason is that …
4. Another important reason …
5. It is often a good way to …
6. If those risk takers are strong …
7. Meanwhile, they have to …

Activity 9. Watch the video about the extreme kinds of sports.

a) Write out the English equivalents to the given Ukrainian names of sports.
b) Write a few words about each of them.
c) Rate these sports according to the video. Say if you agree or disagree with this
rating.

Rating Ukrainian English Main information

Хелі скі
Серфування на великих хвилях
Біг від биків
Вуличні с анки
Пірнання в печери
Катання на биках
Мотогонки
Стрибки з бази
Альпінізм
Чірлідинг

Activity 10. Answer the question to summarize your knowledge.

1. Are there any sports or games you watch but do not play? If so, what are they and where do you watch
them?
2. Are there any games or sports you play/do yourself? If so, which?
3. Are there any that you‘re good at?
4. Are there any that you hate?
5. Are there any that are not played much in your country?
6. Which game or sport is the most popular in your country?
7. Which game or sport is the most dangerous in your opinion?
8. Which game or sport is the most difficult? Why?
9. Which game has the most fans? Why?

THE MOVIE “STICK IT”

Activity 1. a) Read the annotation to the film, translate it
and guess what this movie is about.

After a run-in with the law, Haley Graham is forced to return to the world
from which she fled some years ago. Enrolled in an elite gymnastics
program run by the legendary Burt Vickerman Haley's rebellious attitude
gives way to something that just might be called team spirit.

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b) Translate the words and word combinations given below. Make a crammed story with
them.

a run-in the flaws in judging

to be enrolled in balance beam routine
rebellious an extremely difficult maneuver
competitive gymnastics a "scratch"
upcoming invitational competition to be rocked
repay some property damage debts leotards people
Activity 2. Discuss the quote before watching the movie. How do you understand it?

"It doesn't matter how well you do. It's how well you follow their rules."

Activity 3. Watch the movie and characterize the following heroes.

 Haley Graham
 Burt Vickerman
 Joanne
 Wei Wei Young
 Poot

Activity 4. Write down 12 key words from this movie. Explain your choice.

Activity 5. Discuss the quote from the second activity one more time. Are your thoughts
different after movie watching?

Activity 6. Answer the questions:

1. Do you like the movie? Why?

2. Why did Haley get into the gymnastic school? What was her crime?
3. Why did Haley refuse taking part in the championship? Would you do the same?
4. How did Haley spend her time after leaving her sport school?
5. Explain Haley‘s expression «This sport is a total joke».
6. What problems are revealed in this movie? Numerate and discuss them.
7. What was the most dramatic moment for you? Why?
8. When did Haley say the following: ―There are things you wish for before big moments. I wish my
friends were here. I wish my parents were different. I wish there was someone who got what was
happening, and could just look at me and tell me we weren't crazy, that we weren't being stupid.
Someone to say "I'm proud of you, and I got your back... no matter what."? Why did she say so? What
happened next?
9. Do you think it‘s a good idea to go in for sports professionally? Why? Would you like to?
10. What does this movie teach us?

OLYMPIC GAMES

The most important thing in the Olympic

Games is not winning but taking part;
the essential thing in life is not conquering
but fighting well.

Activity 1. Read the quote, discuss it with your group. Say, if you agree or disagree.

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Activity 2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian
equivalents. Learn the words and make a sentence with each of them.

1. international sport event a) символ миру та дружби

2. to compete in various sports b) коронувати
3. a religious festival c) захисник
4. the main condition d) змагатись в різних видах спорту
5. the symbol of peace and friendship e) міжнародна спортивна подія
6. to crown f) релігійне свято
7. great honour g) втратити незалежність
8. defender h) потрапляти під захист
9. to carve a statue i) язичницьке походження
10. to lose one‘s independence j) головна умова
11. to come under the protection k) велика честь
12. to ban l) анулювати, скасовувати
13. pagan origin m) взаємопов‘язані кільця
14. to cancel n) забороняти
15. participant o) символізувати загальне братство
16. to accept p) побити світовий рекорд
17. interlocking rings q) вирізьблювати статую
18. to symbolize universal brotherhood r) учасник
19. to break the world record s) приймати,визнавати

Activity 3. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Йому не слід було малювати міжнародний символ миру на дверях школи, але він це зробив.
2. Учасники змагань не повинні приймати наркотики.
3. Наш тренер сказав, що Олімпійські ігри – це не релігійне свято, а міжнародна спортивна подія.
4. Він був змушений визнати перемогу Тайсона.
5. Вони не змогли скасувати рішення тренера не брати участі у фінальному чемпіонаті.
6. Вона сказала, що в її книжці багато історій язичницького походження, які їй розказали ще в
дитинстві.
7. Учасникам хокейного матчу не треба було брати з собою форму. Їм було видано нову форму
безпосередньо перед матчем.
8. Її сину не можна дивитися бокс, бо це дуже жорстокий вид спорту.
9. Коли Мессі повернувся додому з матчу він сказав, що основною умовою гри було перемогти.
10. На уроці нам розповіли, що взаємопов‘язані кільця – це символ Олімпійських ігор, який був
продуманий П‘єром де Кубертеном (Pierre de Coubertin) у 1913 році.

Activity 4. Read and translate the text. Write out and translate the underlined words
individually.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES

The Olympic Games are the greatest international sport
event in which people from almost every country in the world
compete in various sports.
The ancient Olympics began in 776 B.C. as a religious
festival in honour of Zeus and were held in Olympia, Greece
near Mount Olympus, the mythical home of the Gods. Since
that time they were held every four years and continued for
nearly twelve centuries. The main condition of the original
festival was that there should be no wars during the Olympiad
so the Games became the symbol of peace and friendship. At first the Olympics lasted only five days and the
ceremonies included contests in oratory, poetry, music and competitions in athletic skills like running,
wrestling and throwing the javelin.
The Games were an exclusively male festival, open to young men from all Greek cities. Women were
not allowed either to attend or to watch the Olympic Games.

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 The victors were traditionally crowned with the wreath made of the
branches of olive trees rather than with gold medals. To be a victor was
a great honour not only for the athlete but also for his city. When the
successful athlete returned home the wall to the city was broken and he
never entered through the gate because the motto was "With such
defenders we need no walls". An Olympian prize was regarded as the
crown of human happiness. The victor's name was recorded in the
Greek calendar; poets sang him praises and sculptors carved his statues.
When the Greeks lost their independence and came under the
protection of Rome, the Games almost stopped till they finally were
banned by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in A.B. 392 on the grounds that they were of pagan origin. He
ordered the destruction of the beautiful Temple of Zeus and the city of Olympia.
The modern Olympic Games were revived in 1896 by the French sports enthusiast Baron Pierre de
Coubertin who gathered in Athens 311 athletes from 13 countries to compete in nine sports: cycling,
fencing, tennis, swimming, athletics, weightlifting, rowing, wrestling and shooting. There should have
been one more event, sailing, but it had to be cancelled because of bad weather at sea. The Olympic Games
were such a success that with every new Olympiad the number of events and participants grew larger and
larger. Boxing was included into the program by Americans in 1904, football and hockey were introduced
into the Olympics in London in 1908 handball and basketball were accepted as Olympic sports in 1936 in
Berlin. Women competed in the Games for the first time
in 1910, playing golf and in 1924 women's athletics
were included in the program. The same year saw the
first winter Olympic Games with competitions in ice-
hockey, speed skating, figure skating and skiing.
Bobsleigh and toboggan races, slalom and biathlon
were included later. The Olympic program grows all the
time and new sports events are added.
The Olympic Games have their flag and motto.
The flag has five interlocking rings on a white
background. The colors of the rings are blue, yellow,
black, green and red and they represent the five
continents of the world symbolizing universal brotherhood. The motto of the Games "Faster, Higher,
Stronger", reflects the competitive spirit of the event. Another traditional symbol of the Olympic Games is
the Olympic Flame which is usually carried by the best world marathon runners from the ancient city of
Olympia to the place where the Games are held.
There are some people who say that the Olympic Games have become too commercialized. Now the
competitions do not follow the famous words of Pierre de Coubertin "It's a great honour to win, but still a
greater honour to compete". Winning has become so important that athletes take drugs to win even if it
harms their health.
In 1988 Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson became the fastest man in the world by breaking the world
record when he won the Olympic 100 meters final. He had beaten his great rival Carl Lewis in the most
important race of all. Johnson was on top of the world. Days later he was sent home from the Games and
stripped of his medals because a drug test was
positive. He was banned from international athletics
for two years. Practically all the drugs taken by
athletes are dangerous for health. A British cyclist,
Tommy Simpson and an American basketball player
Len Bias died from an overdose of stimulants. Is
human life worth winning at all costs? The Olympic
Games continue to get bigger and more expensive.
Now many people are asking the questions: "Are the
Olympics too big? Will they continue? Should they
continue?"

Activity 5. Find in the text English

equivalents and translate the sentences.

1. Головною умовою первинного фестивалю було те, що не повинно бути ніяких воєн протягом
Олімпіади тому ігри стали символом миру і дружби.
2. Є деякі люди, які говорять, що Олімпійські ігри стали занадто комерційними.

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3. На прапорі зображено п‘ять взаємопов‘язаних кілець на білому тлі.
4. Олімпійські ігри мали такий успіх, що з кожною новою Олімпіадою кількість подій та учасників
ставала все більшою і більшою.
5. Кілька днів по тому він був відправлений додому з Ігор і позбавлений медалей через те, що
допінг-контроль був позитивним.
6. Сучасні Олімпійські ігри були відроджені в 1896 році французьким ентузіастом спорту бароном
П'єром де Кубертеном, який зібрав в Афінах 311 спортсменів з 13 країн, щоб конкурувати у
дев'яти видах спорту: велоспорт, фехтування, теніс, плавання, легка атлетика, важка атлетика,
веслування, боротьба і стрільба.
7. Іншим традиційним символом Олімпійських ігор є олімпійський вогонь, який зазвичай
проноситься кращими із світових марафонців від стародавнього міста Олімпія в місце, де ігри
проходять.
8. Коли успішний спортсмен повертався додому стіну в місто ламали, і він ніколи не заходив через
ворота, тому що девіз був "З такими захисниками нам не потрібні стіни".

Activity 6. Decide which of these statements are true and which are false according to
the text. Explain your choice.

1. Athletic competitions were only part of the ancient Olympic Games.

2. Olympic victors were awarded with crowns made of gold leaves.
3. Ancient Olympic Games stopped because the Roman Emperor ordered the Temple of Zeus to be
destroyed.
4. It was originally planned that the First modern Olympic Games would include more events than they
really did.
5. The modern Olympic Games included women's competitions in winter Olympic Games in 1910.
6. Football was included in the Olympic Games earlier than ice-hockey.
7. The flag of the Olympic Games is brought from the city of Olympia every four years by the best
marathon runners of the world.
8. Not all people are satisfied with the way the Olympic Games are organized nowadays.
9. Ben Johnson was disqualified for breaking the rules of the Olympic Games.
10. All sports lovers are confident that the Olympic Games will continue.

Activity 7. Answer the questions.

1. What was the main aim of Olympic competition?

2. Who was allowed to attend and to compete in these games in ancient Greece?
3. What are the flag and the motto of the Olympic Games?
4. When were the modern Olympic Games revived?
5. Why is it dangerous to compete nowadays?
6. What are the most famous words of Pier de Coubertin about the nature of these games?
7. Should the Olympic Games exist nowadays in your opinion? Why?

Activity 8. Write out all sentences from the text in Passive Voice, transform them into
Active.

Activity 9. Look through 10 points about the Olympic Games given below.
a) Watch the video, make notes and tell about each fact.

1. Winter/summer competition. 6. Olympic flame.

2. Amateur/professional competitors. 7. The games opening ceremony.
3. Paralympic games. 8. The games clothing ceremony.
4. The top three winners‘ award. 9. A huge international event.
5. Olympic rings. 10. A peaceful solution to bring the entire world together.

b) Ask your parents or friends, surf the Internet and find other facts about Olympic
Games not mentioned in the video.

Activity 10. Read and translate the text. Say what you know about Paralympic games.

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 PARALYMPICS,
THE POWER OF SPIRIT
The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event,
involving athletes with a range of physical disabilities. There
are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer
Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the
respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by
the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
The Paralympics have grown from a small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 to
become one of the largest international sporting events by the early 21st century.
The three Agitos (signs on the flag, from the Latin meaning ―I move‖) symbolize motion, emphasize the
role of the Paralympic Movement in bringing athletes together from all corners of the world to compete. The
symbol also reflects the Paralympic Motto, ―Spirit in Motion,‖ representing the strong will of every
Paralympian. The Paralympic Symbol also emphasizes the fact that Paralympic athletes are constantly
inspiring and exciting the world with their performances: always moving forward and never giving up.

Activity 11. Watch the video and say your opinion about it. Try to give the name to
this video and explain your choice.

Activity 12. a) Meet the young man‟s story. Read and translate it.

b) Tell about Evan Strong to your group mates. Express your opinion about such kind of
people.

STRONG WILL OF EVAN STRONG

Evan Strong had been an amputee for only a few months
when he found ―Murderball,‖ the Oscar-nominated
documentary about the U.S. Paralympic Rugby Team.
―I think I watched it about four times in the two days.‖ he
said. Strong had been a professional skateboarder before the
motorcycle accident which caused his left leg amputated just
below the knee. But the scenes in "Murderball" of the 2004
Paralympic Games — particularly the scenes showing the
amputee runners — opened his mind to a whole new side of
competitive sports."
―That was the first time I got an understanding of what the Paralympics
were‖, he said. ―Unfortunately when people ask me what I do and I tell them I‘m
a Paralympic snowboarder, they say, ‗Paralympic, what is that?‘ Very often
people do not understand what we do, what we compete for. The most terrible
thing is when ordinary people start to judge us for demonstrating ourselves in
the way to provoke compassion or something. But I just want to live the full life
I do not feel like a person with any disability. But even this thin is not the
reason. I think Paralympics is a way to show everyone great abilities of a human
being, to teach everyone that if you want to live you must be strong from the
inside first of all, no matter what you look like, no matter what you can‘t do or
don‘t have. We have only one life to live, so I guess it‘s better to do our best to
live than to complain and to find the excuse why we don‘t.‖

Activity 13. Answer the questions:

1. How do you understand the expression ―strong willed‖?

2. What is your opinion about the Paralympics?
3. Which is more important in sport – winning or taking part? Why?
4. How could you encourage lazy people to do more sports?

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UNIT 7____________________________________________________________________________________

The belly rules the mind.

Spanish Proverb

One of the very nicest things about life is the way we must regularly stop
whatever it is we are doing and devote our attention to eating.

Luciano Pavarotti

Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about it. Find some more quotations
about food and eating.

Activity 2. а) Match the words with their equivalents, write them into the vocabularies.

1. cuisine a) бородавочник
2. cloves b) буйвіл, бізон
3. saffron c) гвоздика
4. pickles d) дичина
5. warthog e) імпала (антилопа)
6. starch f) качан кукурудзи
7. staple foods g) крохмаль
8. impala h) кухня
9. crayfish(crawfish) i) лосось
10. barley j) маринади, соління
11. game k) оленина
12. lard l) основні продукти харчування
13. venison m) плоский маїсовий коржик
14. salmon n) рак, лангуст
15. buffalo o) смалець
16. tamale[tə'mɔ:l,tə'mɔ:li:] p) товчена кукурудза з м'ясом, червоним перцем
17. cob q) шафран
18. tortilla [tɔ:'ti:jə] r) ячмінь
19. venison s) cкумбрія
20. oat t) солодка картопля
21. unleavened bread u) маніока (бульбоплідна рослина)
22. curry v) мідія
23. vinegar w) локшина
24. noodles x) вівсяна крупа
25. mussel y) оленина
26. mackerel z) прісний хліб
27. cassava aa) каррі (індійська приправа)
28. yam bb) оцет

Activity 3. a) Read the text about different cuisines all over the world.

GLOBAL CUISINE
A cuisine is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a specific culture or
region. Each cuisine involves food preparation in a particular style and food or drink of particular types. A
cuisine is always named after the region or place where it‘s originated. It is primarily influenced by the
ingredients that are available locally. To become a global cuisine, a local, regional or national cuisine must
spread around the world, and its food must be served world-wide. Now we can divide world cuisine into 5
parts. Here they are:

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African cuisine is very unique, colorful, and interesting. East African
cuisine includes corn, sheep, goat, bananas, rice, cloves, and saffron. The
British brought pickles, vegetables, and a variety of soups. The
Portuguese introduced new cooking techniques such as marinating and
roasting, as well as tomatoes, bananas, pineapples, peppers, and pigs.
Central African foods are probably the most exotic. Central Africans eat
more than just chicken and beef.
Antelope, crocodile, monkey, and
warthog are also used in dishes. West African cuisine is full of spices, starchy
foods, and meat. Grains are the staple foods, but yams and cassava are also
important. The baobab leaf and vegetables are popular in local cuisine. There
is a great variety of fruits such as grapes,
oranges, apples, and papayas. Mackerel,
prawns, mussels, crayfish, lobster, and tuna are often caught in Southern
Africa. Impala and ostrich are also consumed.

Asian cuisine - Asian recipes are full of flavor, fragrance, and spice. The
staple food in Asia is rice, but there are other very important foods such as
bread and noodles. There are many oily foods, and garlic and vinegar are
often used during cooking. Sauteing, frying, and deep-frying are the most
commonly used cooking techniques in Asia. Vegetable oil, hot pepper, and
spices are necessities in Northeast Asian cuisine. Southeast Asian cuisine is
based on rice and curries as well as yogurt. Wheat, rice, barley, unleavened
bread, and beans are the main staples in Southwest Asian cuisine. Goat,
lamb, and chicken are usually the only meats that Southwest Asians eat
since Hinduism forbids the consumption of beef.

European cuisine - The food in Europe can be characterized by four

categories: meats, sugar, cereals, and fats.
Meats include tripe, fish, blood sausages,
and game. Brought from India and the New World, cane sugar became a
necessary ingredient in European recipes and foods. Cereals are the most
important ingredients in European cuisine. Flour, bread, wheat, oats, and
other grains provide people with the most nutritious and healthy meals. Maize
and potatoes were brought from the New World and became favorite foods in
Northern Europe. Rice and pasta especially grew famous in Spain and Italy.
Peas and beans are still a staple food in Europe. The most used fats in
Europe are olive oil, lard, and butter.

Oceania cuisine – Because of the vast ocean that

surrounds Oceania, fish is commonly used in
Oceanic recipes. Oceanic food especially features
many stews and soups with fish in them. Because of
the tropical climate, coconuts grow almost
everywhere in Oceania. They are used in dishes to the fullest extent.. Oceania
produces some of the best lamb meat in the world. But salmon, venison, and pork are
also important meats. The food can be quite exotic, though. Crocodiles, kangaroos,
and buffalos are often found in Oceanic restaurants.

Cuisine of the Americas – the cuisines found across North and South
America are based on the cuisines of the countries from which the immigrant
people came, primarily Europe. However, the traditional European cuisine has
been adapted by the addition of many local
ingredients, and many techniques have been added
to the tradition as well. The main regional cuisines
are Canadian, American, Mexican, Central
American, South American and Caribbean cuisine.
Mexican cuisine are typically corn and beans. Corn is used to make masa, a
dough for tamales, tortillas, and many other corn-based foods. Corn is also eaten
fresh, as corn on the cob and as a component of a number of dishes.

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b) define the cuisine according to the given products:

1. coconuts, fish, mussels, crawfish, lamb, salmon, venison; - oceanic

2. cereals, bread, blood sausages, game, pasta, potato; - european
3. spices, noodles, garlic, vinegar, chiken, beens, unleavened bread; - asian
4. corn, beens, tamales, tortillas; - american
5. monkey, crocodile, yams, cassava, baobab;- african

Activity 4. Find the information about one of the cuisines given before at home and
make a presentation to your groupmates. Inform about traditional dishes, products and
ways of cooking.

LET’S COOK
Activity 1. Match the English words with their Ukrainian translation. Learn them.

1. a ladle a. м‘ясорубка
2. a rolling pin b. друшляк
3. a potato masher c. пароварка
4. a grater d. ополоник
5. a meat mincer e. картоплем‘ялка
6. a can opener f. лопатка для перевертання
7. a peeler g. дошка для нарізання
8. a steamer h. казанок
9. a colander i. засіб для зняття шкірки
10. a wok j. качалка
11. a spatula k. тертка
12. a chopping board l. деко
13. a baking sheet m. консервний ніж

Activity 2. Sign the pictures and make up a sentence with every word.

___________________ ___________________ __________________ ___________________

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

__________________ __________________ ___________________ ___________________

Activity 3. a) Read the words and try to guess their translation.

1. to add - _______________________ 9. to chop - _______________________

2. to bake - _______________________ 10. to cut - _______________________
3. to blend - _______________________ 11. to cook - _______________________
4. to boil - _______________________ 12. to drain - _______________________
5. to pour - _______________________ 13. to slice - _______________________
6. to grate - _______________________ 14. to spread - _______________________
7. to mix - _______________________ 15. to crack - _______________________
8. to peel - _______________________ 16. to mash - _______________________

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b) Watch the video, check your guesses and write the translation of the words above.

Activity 4. Read the words with their explanations, translate the words into Ukrainian.

knead: to press and stretch dough, usually used with making bread.
melt: to make something become liquid through heating.
mince: to grind food, normally meat, into small pieces. A machine is often used to do this.
stew: to slowly fry food by placing it in hot oil in a frying pan.
scramble: to mix the white and yellow parts of eggs together while cooking them in a pan.
stir: to mix liquid ingredients by moving a spoon around in a circular motion.
simmer: to boil slightly.
season: to add spices.

Activity 5. Revise The Imperative Mood using and translate the sentences.

1. Налийте мені трохи чаю в чашку, додайте цукру та розколотіть.

2. Візьміть дошку для нарізання, поріжте моркву шматочками та потушкуйте.
3. Покладіть печиво на лист для випікання і випікайте в духовці протягом 35 хвилин.
4. Зніміть шкірку з яблука і потріть його на тертці.
5. Зваріть картоплю і додайте туди трохи масла, нехай розтане.
6. Візьміть картоплем‘ялку і потовчіть картоплю. Додайте туди склянку молока.
7. Розбийте в сковорідку два яйця і перемішайте їх.
8. Висипте (to empty) спагеті в друшляк і процідіть їх.
9. Перемеліть м'ясо та приправте його. Замісіть тісто.
10. Наріжте хліб шматочками і намажте джем на нього.
11. Поклади овочі в пароварку.
12. Візьми лопатку для перевертання і помішай цибулю в казанку.

Activity 6. a) Read and translate the text:

UKRAINIAN TRADITIONAL FOOD

National cuisine is as much part of the national heritage as any
phenomenon of national culture, such as language or traditions.
Many of the Ukrainian cooking traditions go back hundreds of
years. The Ukrainians have always preferred boiled, stewed or
baked food to fried food. The Chumaks and Ukrainian Cossacks
carried small cooking stoves with them (called kobytsya) to cook
food while on the move, kasha (a sort of gruel), kulish (dish made
of boiled corn) and halushky (boiled pieces of dough with fried
onions) being among the most popular dishes.
Soups were probably among the earliest dishes invented. They
were cooked with a lot of herbs, vegetables and edible roots, and at one point a soup which had more beets
than other ingredients came to be called ―borsch.‖ It took its name from the old Slavic word "br'sch" which
means "beet".
There are three basic varieties of borsch — ―red‖ borsch (with beets), ―green‖ borsch (with sorrel or
similar herbs) and ―cold‖ borsch (soup served cold). Most of the borsch varieties are served with sour cream
added. Some varieties are cooked with kvas, buttermilk or whey added. In some regions beans were one of
the ingredients; in others flour or buckwheat were added, and in the land of Poltava borsch was served with
halushky.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What is kobytsya? 6. Do you eat halushky with borsch?

2. What are soups made of ? 7. Who usually cooks borsch in your family?
3. What kinds of borsch do you know? 8. Have you ever cooked this dish?
4. Is borsch cooked in your family? 9. Do you know other receipts of this dish? What are they?
5. Do you like this dish? 10. What other traditional Ukrainian dishes do you know?

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Activity 7. a) Work with the vocabulary, translate the words and write them down into
the book; b) Learn the words.

dough - ________________________ to reduce heat - ________________________

bay leaf - _______________________
beet/beetroot - __________________
sunflower oil - __________________
olive oil - _______________________
beans - _________________________
rice – ___________________________
pepper - ________________________
stuffing - ________________________
spices - _________________________
to cook until ….. is tender -______________
spring onion - _________________________
to soak - ______________________________
to bring to boil - _______________________
garlic/clove of garlic – __________________
parsley - ______________________________
dill - __________________________________
greens/verdure - _______________________
flour - _________________________________

Activity 8. a) Study the recipe of borsch;

b) Try to prepare borsch according to it at home;
c) Find the differences with your family‟s recipe.

BORSCH
Ingredients
 1.5 - 2 pounds of beef with bone,  2-3 bay leaves
 0.5 cup dry beans ,  2-3 table spoons tomato paste,
 1 medium beet root,  5-7 table spoons sunflower or vegetable oil
 0.5 medium cabbage,  salt
 5 medium potatoes,  5-6 black peppercorns
 2 medium carrots,  0.5 - 1 medium garlic
 2 medium onions  verdure (parsley, dill, spring onion etc.)
 2 medium parsley roots,
How to cook Ukrainian borsch.
1. You will need a 5-6 liter cooking pot in order to cook
your borsch.
2. Soak dry beans for 2-3 hours.
3. Cut the meat into pieces and place them in a pot filled
with cold water. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and
simmer. In 30 minutes add the soaked beans, cover
and simmer for about 1 hour.
4. While the meat with beans is cooking, peel the raw
beetroot, chop it as thin as you can. Place the beet
slices into a frying pan with sunflower or vegetable
oil and fry until soft . You can add 1 tea spoon of
vinegar to save beet color if you'd like.
5. Peel and chop the potatoes and put it in the boiling broth. Add the stewed beet when the broth begins to
boil again. Add a bay leaf.
6. Chop 2 carrots, 2 onions and 2 parsley roots. Fry them until the onion is golden, add tomato paste. Mix
everything and fry for some more time.
7. In 5-10 minutes add your fried carrots, onions, parsley roots. Also add the chopped cabbage. Now сover
borsch and slow cook for about 5 minutes.
8. Then season it and add cut verdure. Now add a little bit of sugar if it is too sour for you. Turn off the
stove.
9. Take borsch off the stove and leave uncovered.
Tips for Cooking and Serving Borsch
1. Sour cream is served in a separate bowl or added into the plate with borsch right before serving it.
2. 10 minutes before borsch is ready you can chop and add garlic.
3. Borsch is great when served with rye bread.
4. Put a broken pod of red pepper in a bowl for a few seconds. Be careful however because it is pretty spicy!
5. If you are expecting some dear or important guests, you can amaze them with pampushkas. Pampushkas
are the small buns spread with a mix of pinch of paper, 4-5 cloves of garlic, 1 tea spoon of vinegar, 1.5
tea spoons of sunflower (or vegetable) oil, and a few drops of water.

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 Activity 9. Divide into two teams and make a team recipe of
one of the dishes, given by your teacher. Then listen to the
recipe of your opponents and try to guess the name of the
dish.

Activity 10. a) Watch the video “Cooking

broccoli soup” at home and make its recipe in
writing.
b) Cook the dish of your own and make a
video (or photo) presentation of it. Take the
broccoli soup cooking video as the example.

Activity 11. a) Watch the power point

presentation, translate the sentences, write
down all the proverbs, find the Ukrainian
equivalents;
b) Compile a crammed story with all of them.

Activity 12. Finish the proverbs, find the Ukrainian equivalents.

1. If you can't stand the heat, ________________________ a) spoil the box

2. Too many cooks ________________________________ b) by its song
3. An apple a day _________________________________ c) and eat it
4. A bird may be known ____________________________ d) first served
5. The proof of the pudding _________________________ e) get out of the kitchen
6. A hungry man __________________________________ f) keeps the doctor away
7. First come _____________________________________ g) is in the eating
8. You can't have your cake _________________________ h) two and two make four
9. A bird in the hand _______________________________ i)is an angry man
10. An evil chance __________________________________ j) seldom comes alone
11. An apple is never _______________________________ k) far from the apple
12. As plain as_____________________________________ l) is worth two in the bush

Activity 13. Translate into English:

1. Тепер ще й батьки захворіли. Біда не приходить одна.

2. Їй треба попрацювати трішки. Не можна отримати все і одразу.
3. Він такий же боягуз як і його батько. Яблуко від яблуні далеко не падає.
4. Крука видно по польоту. Твій родич геть не знає правил поводження за столом, та й виразити
свої думки не вміє.
5. Подивись не це ледащо. Вилежується на дивані цілий день наче велике цабе. Він паршива вівця в
нашій сім‘ї. Хоч би вечерю приготував.
6. Подумай дуже добре. Тобі ж розуму не позичати. Це єдиний спосіб заробити на кусок хліба.
7. Готування не мій коник. Найкраще, що я можу – це смажена картопля з яйцями. А нарізати хліб
– це взагалі простіше простого.
8. Він був сам не при собі, коли дізнався, що не зможе всидіти на двох стільцях.
9. Я шаленію від роздратування, коли бачу як в нього з рук все падає. Такий безрукий!! Ясно, як
два на два – чотири, що на кухні він дуже рідко буває.
10. - Суп пересолений! Дві хазяйки – нема порядку! Так я і знала, що щось піде не так!
- Не нервуйся, все виправимо. Що ж нам за теє братися, якщо біди боятися!

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 THE GERUND
Activity 1. Scan the table below and memorize the peculiarities of usage of the Gerund.
The English gerund is a non-finite verb form that ends in –ing. The gerund always has the same function
as a noun (although it looks like a verb), so it can be used:
a) as the subject of the sentence:
Hunting tigers is dangerous.
Flying makes me nervous.
b) as the complement (доповнення) of the verb 'to be':
One of his duties is attending meetings.
One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.
c) after prepositions. The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition:
Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
She is good at painting.
They're keen on windsurfing.
She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.
d) after a number of 'phrasal verbs' which are composed of a verb + preposition/adverb: to look
forward to, to give up, to be for/against, to take to, to put off, to keep on:
I look forward to hearing from you soon. (at the end of a letter)
When are you going to give up smoking?
She always puts off going to the dentist.
He kept on asking for money.
e) in compound nouns:
a driving lesson, a swimming pool, bird-watching, train-spotting
f) after the expressions:
can't help, can't stand, it's no use/good, and the adjective worth:
She couldn't help falling in love with him.
I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.
It's no use/good trying to escape.

Activity 2. Open the brackets, translate the sentencese into Ukrainian. Define the
Gerund function.

1. She does a lot of (cook).

2. What he likes is (eat) mashed vegetables.
3. Quick (mix) of the onions with the spatula in the wok saved her dish.
4. Stew the meat before (season) it.
5. I do not mind (pour) some more coffee.
6. Fry the carrot after (grate) it.
7. My wife insists on my (study) how to cook.
8. Your cake is worth (eat).
9. Jane gave up (listen) when he started to talk with his mouth full.
10. (Crack) eggs is what he likes the most when he cooks omelet.

Activity 3. Look at the forms of gerunds. Remember their meanings and usage.

Forms of Gerund
Active Passive
Simple writing being written
Perfect having written having been written
Examples
Active He likes telling fairy tales. (розповідати)
Simple
Passive He likes being told fairy tales. (щоб йому розповідали)
Active He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person. (що поговорив)
Perfect
Passive He is proud of having been spoken to. ( що з ним поговорили)

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Activity 4. Read the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. We can‘t remember having baked apples before.

2. Your scrambled eggs are worth eating.
3. The boy hated to be taught how to knead the dough.
4. You should avoid putting bay leaves into the sweet stuffing.
5. I remember having boiled the spaghetti before draining it.
6. You should avoid eating much fried food.
7. The girl is proud of having been praised by her parents for cooking her first soup.
8. Everyone enjoys rolling the dough with the rolling pin.

Activity 5. Remember the verbs which require only gerund using after! Write them down
into your vocabularies with the translation and learn by heart.

to avoid to enjoy to finish to go on to put off

cannot help to excuse to forgive to mind to stop
to deny to burst out to give up to postpone to keep (on)

Activity 6. Translate the sentences into English using gerund.

1. Знати як готувати це знати як приправляти блюда та подавати.

2. Поєднання різних приправ робить страви особливими.
3. Він пробачив їй спалений сніданок.
4. Я не могла стриматися від сміху, коли побачила як він процідив суп у раковину через друшляк.
5. Я згадав, що мене теж запросили до друзів їсти м'ясо запечене з яблуками.
6. Припини пити бульйон. Я пропоную приготувати борщ з нього.
7. Боб весь час забуває класти консервний ніж на місце, а я не отримую задоволення від його
пошуків, чесно кажучи.
8. Від отримав задоволення від випікання пирога до дня народження дружини.
9. Я не можу пробачити їм їх раптове зникнення. Вони не дочекалися десерту.
10. Продовжуй нарізати сир скибочками, нам потрібно більше бутербродів.
11. Уникай показувати людям, як багато жареної картоплі та м‘яса ти їси.
12. Вона не могла дозволити собі купити таку дорогу м‘ясорубку.

DINING ETIQUETTE
Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot.

Clarence Thomas

Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about

it. How do you understand the expression “good manners”?
Do you think that people must know good manners and
always follow them? Why?

Activity 2. a) Read and translate the text about table manners, write out all the
underlined words and word combinations.

Table manners play an important part in making a good impression. They are the visible signals of the
state of our manners and therefore are the way to professional success. The aim of etiquette rules is to make
you feel comfortable - not uncomfortable. Etiquette affects almost every aspect of dining. Dining etiquette
rules apply before you take your seat and continue after you excuse yourself from the table. This dining
etiquette reference is divided into six sections: Table Manners, Table Setting, Restaurant Etiquette, Business
Dining Etiquette, Wine Etiquette and International Dining Etiquette.

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 Table Manners
For almost all meals, if you are wondering what utensil to use, start from the outside and work your way
in. So, if you are served a salad first, use the fork set to the far left of your plate.
Your water glass is the one above your knife in your place setting.
Don't chew with your mouth open and so on. It‘s impossible to make a good impression if you do not
know how to behave yourself at the
table.
Table Setting
To avoid disorder, the general
rule for any table setting includes no
more than three utensils on either
side of the dinner plate at the same
time. The exception is the seafood
fork, which may be placed to the
right of the last spoon even when it
is the fourth utensil to the right of
the plate. The initial table setting for
a typical formal dinner should look
something like this:
Restaurant Etiquette
Reserve a table before you leave for the restaurant. This enables you to give special seating preferences
such as a table in the garden or one in a quiet corner. You can ask about the dress code. You may want to
reconfirm the reservation one or two days before the dinner has been planned.
Ask your guests if they like or dislike certain ethnic foods. You could also give the guest a choice of
two or three restaurants. If you're hosting a group, pick a restaurant with a wide range of foods so that
everyone present will find something to his taste.
Choose a restaurant you know. And follow the restaurant etiquette while you are there.
Business Dining Etiquette
Dining etiquette and table manners might be more important to your career success then you think.
Proper table manners are associated with professionalism. Bad table manners are associated with a lack of
professionalism.
Wine Etiquette
Despite all its apparent complexities, wine is essentially fermented grape juice. To know wine etiquette
means to know how to make wine tasting, selection and serving as easy as possible.
International Dining Etiquette
Dining etiquette is based on politeness, comfort, and common sense, providing a tool to help us interact
with each other. But the prevailing customs in the West might not be appropriate behavior in the East. In the
West, finger food may be taken with either hand, but in the East, it is always taken with the right hand. In
China, smacking your lips is an expression of appreciation, but in the West the sound is considered
impolite. So if you want to feel yourself comfortable every place you need to know dining manners all over
the world.

b) Confirm or refute the statements, explain your point of view.

1. The aim of table manners is to make you feel yourself comfortable at the table.
2. The dining etiquette reference is divided into three sections: Table Manners, Wine
Etiquette and International Dining Etiquette.
3. If you know table manners you know exactly how to set the table.
4. To avoid disorder, the general rule for any table setting includes no more than three utensils on either
side of the dinner plate at the same time.
5. The forks and the spoons are set on the left hand of the table.
6. The seafood fork, which may be placed to the right of the last spoon even when it is the fourth utensil to
the right of the plate.
7. If you invite your guests to the restaurant you are the only one who chooses the menu.
8. Reserve a table before you leave for the restaurant.
9. To know wine etiquette section means to know the wine labels and how to drink it.
10. In China, smacking your lips is an expression of appreciation, but in the USA the sound is considered
impolite.

c) Learn the table setting rules and get ready to make a scheme of utensils setting on
the blackboard.

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Activity 3. Watch the video “Business dining etiquette” at home and make notes on the
following:

 Formal setting  Eating bread and butter

 The beginning of the meal  American style of dining
 Bread, meal, water  Continental style of dining

Activity 4. a) Read and translate the text about Japanese dining etiquette;
b) Write out all the sentences with gerund and translate them literary;
c) Get ready to retell the text.

Putting a lot of value on etiquette is what Japanese do. There are several things you can do when eating
Japanese food to communicate respect and gratitude for the food and drink. Whether you are eating sushi,
miso soup, simple rice or any other kind of Japanese food, following these rules you make a good impression
on the Japanese people around you.
Forget the soup spoon. Japanese soups and broths are meant to
be drunk directly from the bowl. Lifting the bowl to your mouth
with one hand, use chopsticks in the other hand to direct hard
pieces in the soup toward your mouth. Feel free slurping – this is
not bad manners in Japan. If they give you a spoon, feel free to
ignore it.
Leave no food behind. In Japan, it is considered offensive to the
chef and the host to leave any food on the plate. Leaving rise on
the plate is especially rude, even if it is only a single grain,
because this symbolizes waste.
Accept a drink from the chef. If the chef pours you a drink, thank him or her
with a nod, raise your glass and say ―kanpai‖ before drinking. This is a way of
saying ―cheers‖ in Japanese.
Pour drinks for others. It is considered uncultured pouring your own drink or
allowing a friend to do the same. Instead, always pour drinks for others and
allow them to pour your drink.
Hold the teacup properly. Tea is a common drink at any Japanese meal, and
traditional Asian tea cups do not have a handle. Hold the tea bowl in one hand
and use your other hand supporting it from underneath.
Use soy sauce wisely. Soy sauce is not used like ketchup. It should be used in
moderation to flavor fish or vegetables, and it should never be poured directly
on rice. Overuse of soy sauce can be seen as inconsiderate and wasteful. Only
pour a small amount in your soy sauce dish – you can always pour some more later.
Do not pay the chef. Money and food are always kept separate in
Japan. The chef and kitchen workers that prepare the food will almost
never handle the money. Instead, pay the server or cashier.
Because etiquette is such an important part of Japanese culture, it is
essential that diners who want an authentic experience follow all the
rules of Japanese dining. These guidelines should be used when
eating at an authentic Japanese restaurant in America as well as when
eating in Japan. By following the basic rules of dining, Americans
and other foreigners can show that they know a thing or two about
how to eat sushi properly and show respect for the food, the chefs and
their fellow diners.

Activity 5. a) Watch the video Korean Table Manners and write out all rules of behavior
at the table;
b) Answer the questions:

1. What to do if you don‘t want to pay for dinner?

2. When should the chopsticks stick from the meal?
3. Who usually pays for the meal?
4. What usually happens when everybody wants to be very polite?

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5. Where should your bawl/plate be?
6. What to do if you have runny nose?
7. Who should eat first?
8. How many utensils should be used at a time?
9. What should be done before eating?

Activity 6. Listen to the information read by your teacher, note everything you hear
about etiquette in different countries, share the information.

Activity 7. Read the statements and tick "true" or "false".

Statement True False

1. In Britain it is considered polite to put the elbows on the table.
2. All fruits are peeled and eaten with a fork in France.
3. The polite Spanish leave their food on the plate.
4. Salad is served after the main dish in France.
5. It is impolite not to compliment the British host.
6. It is polite to compliment the Spanish host before dinner.
7. Hands not engaged in eating should rest on the table in Britain.
8. The fork should be turned over in the left hand in Britain.
9. It is impolite to unfold the napkin.
10. Knife and spoon are placed parallel, across the plate, when you‘ve finished eating in
Great Britain.

Activity 8. a) Read and translate the dialogue. Learn and act it out;
b) Find the pronunciation and the translation of the underlined words.

American boys Sam and Bob are friends. This summer was the first they haven‘t spent together. Sam went to
Great Britain and Bob travelled to Spain. They met each other at home in a month and started sharing their
impressions.
- Hi, man! So happy to see you again!
- Yeah, me too! I`ll never go travelling again without you Bob! Missed you so much.
- For sure, Sam! How was your trip? ‗Cause mine was really amazing though complicated.
- So was mine! Never thought we are so different with European people.
- Really? What was new, Sam?
- Well, first of all people are so strict and serious. They never give you a tiny smile! They are so icy and
poor emotionally.
- Wow! Have to say that Spanish people are totally different. They are so energetic, emotional and hot.
- Oh, and I did not like British kitchen at all, but I‘m totally in love with their Continental dinning manners
and hosting etiquette.
- Like what?
- It‘s let to eat with the fork in left hand? Do need to switch hands, man!
- Yeah, I know! Because Continental etiquette works all over the Europe. And it‘s impolite to put hands on
the lap as well, it was difficult to get used to. Now have to think how not to do it here, at home to avoid
becoming rude. Oh, and also it was difficult to remember that you must to cross the utensils to show
you`re finished. My mom had been teaching me for a year that ten twenty position.
- Did you like Spanish cuisine?
- Yes, mostly.
- What for?
- Well, Spanish cuisine consists of seafood, fresh ingredients, milk products, meat…
- What is their traditional dish?
- Oh, there are some of them; potato omelette ("tortilla"), paella, various stews, migas, sausages (such as
embutidos, chorizo, and morcilla), jamón serrano, and cheeses.
- Wow. I like them just for the way they sound. What is paella? Did you get to know how to cook it?
- Paella is an internationally famous dish consisting of white rice, meat, seafood, beans and vegetables. It‘s
tasty. Let‘s go home. I`ll cook it while you‘ll be telling me about your British Adventures.
- Fine, go.

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c) Make up the dialogues of your own using the information from activity 6 according to
the situations given below:

1. You are going to the restaurant to meet very important people. Ask your friend how to use the table
utensils not to get confused;
2. Your friend goes to Japan for the first time. Give him a piece of advice how to behave at their restaurants;
3. You are waiting for guests. Ask your friend about his/her best dish and get the receipt.
4. Your friend came from Great Britain. Ask him about the rules of the dining behavior there.

Activity 9. Prepare the information about the dining etiquette of one of the countries
given by your teacher.

HEALTHY EATING

There is no sincerer love than the love

of food.

George Bernard Shaw

Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about it.

Activity 2. Match the English words with their Ukrainian translation. Learn them.

1. nutrients a. білки
2. carbohydrates b. модифікована їжа
3. fats c. поживні речовини
4. proteins d. вуглеводи
5. balanced e. жири
6. saturated f. збалансований
7. additives g. насичений
8. modified food h. добавки

Activity 3. a) Read and translate the text;

b) Make a plan to the text and retell it.

HEALTHY FOOD
It‘s very important to choose the right food. Healthy and
balanced diet is useful for every person. We depend on food as well
as the cars depend on gas, for example. It‘s our natural fuel, which
gives our body physical strength and health. When the body is
healthy, the mind will also be healthy. Different types of food contain
different nutrients for our body. Some supply us with carbohydrates,
some with proteins or fats, some with vitamins and minerals, etc.
Many people think that fat is bad for them and they try to cut down on
it. There is even a special line of products, called low-fat. The
problem is that we do need some kinds of fat, but the saturated fats from animal products, like red meat,
butter and cheese, can be really bad for health. Friendly fats can be found in avocados, nuts and seeds, olives
and tuna fish, and in some other products. Some people cut down on too much sugar and salt, which is also a
good idea.
One of the healthiest types of food is fruit and vegetables. Such organic products can be only useful
if they don‘t contain any chemicals and additives, which has become a common phenomenon in modern
supermarkets. More and more people grow fruit and vegetables in their own gardens, instead of buying them.
Another problem is modified food. It‘s much cheaper than ordinary food, which is why people often buy it.
From the other hand, modified food can lead to dangerous diseases.

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 To set yourself up for success, think about planning a healthy diet
as a number of small steps rather than one big change. Changing everything
at once usually leads to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
Instead of counting calories or measuring portion size, make small
steps, like adding a salad (full of different color vegetables) to your diet
once a day or switching from butter to olive oil when cooking. As your
small changes become habit, you can continue to add more healthy choices
to your diet.
Every change you make to improve your diet matters. You don‘t
have to be perfect and you don‘t have to completely exclude foods you
enjoy to have a healthy diet. The long term goal is to feel good, have more
energy, and lower the risk of cancer and disease.

c) Find the English equivalents to the given Ukrainian sentences in the text.

1. Здорова і збалансована дієта корисна для будь-якої особи.

2. Все більше й більше людей вирощують фрукти та овочі у себе на городах замість того, щоб
купувати їх.
3. Ви не повинні бути бездоганним і ви не повинні виключити їжу, яка вам подобається, щоб мати
здорову дієту.
4. Щоб налаштуватися на успіх, думайте про планування здорової дієти як про сукупність
маленьких кроків замість однієї великої зміни.
5. Існує навіть спеціальна лінія продуктів, називається «з низьким вмістом жиру».
6. Деякі люди скорочують вживання великої кількості цукру і солі, що також є хорошою ідеєю.
7. Ми залежимо від їжі так само, як автомобілі залежать від бензину, наприклад.
8. Багато хто думає, що жири шкідливі для них, і вони намагаються скоротити їх вживання.
9. Різні види їжі містять різні поживні речовини для нашого організму.
10. З іншого боку, модифіковані продукти можуть призвести до небезпечних захворювань.

Activity 4. a) Nowadays in spoken English you may often come across such a phrase as
junk food. The word junk means 'of little or no value'. Read how junk food and health
food are defined in some English dictionaries and then give examples of these kinds of
food. Explain in Ukrainian the meaning of these expressions.

Junk food - food that is not very good for you but that is ready to eat or easy to prepare: junk food like crisps
& sweets; - bad quality unhealthy food, esp. chemically treated food containing a lot of sugar, fat and
carbohydrates.
Healthy food - food that is good for health, esp. food that is in the natural state, without added chemicals; -
organically grown untreated food containing no synthetic ingredients and eaten for the health-giving
properties.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What do you prefer junk or health food? Why?

2. What products may be called health food, junk food?
3. What is your favourite dish?
4. Can you cook your favourite dish?
5. Imagine that you are going to have a party. What will you prepare for your friends?

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Activity 5. Make up your own diet for everyone to be healthy.

Activity 6. a) Read the text and do the after reading tasks.

Doctors in Britain are worried because of British

teenagers eating lots of crisps, sweets and fat food. Most
teenagers don‘t eat enough fruit or vegetables and more than
one million British school children are overweight.
Some teenagers say that they don‘t have time to eat good
food, but kids who have a poor diet often have health
problems when they are older.
Americans have been familiar with fast food for a long
time, it was born there. American fast food is now a part of
life far beyond the stores
of United States.
McDonald‘s, Pizza Hut,
Burger king have
restaurants all over the world.
No one can deny that the idea of fast food at a fair price has its
place around the world. These establishments are popular not simply
because they are fulfilling a need within a particular country‘s economy.
Some parents are blaming the proliferation of fast food restaurants
where people eat high-calorie foods of low nutritional value.
Now doctors are giving young people books and games about a
good diet. Having healthy, well-balanced diet can help you feel better
and live longer.

b) Say if these sentences are true or false and support your answer with a sentence
from the text.

1. British doctors don‘t care about habits of young people.

2. A great percentage of British school children are fat.
3. Fast food restaurants were born in France.
4. Fast food restaurants are popular around the world.
5. To keep your body healthy we need a steady diet of burgers.
6. Doctors are trying to inform teenagers about a good diet.

c) Answer the questions.

1. Why are British doctors worried?

2. Do young people normally eat vegetables and fruit?
3. What kind of problems can a poor diet bring?
4. Why do so many people go to fast food restaurants?
5. Are parents happy with the appearance of fast food restaurants? Why?
6. What should we do to have a longer and better life?

d) Discuss the problem of overweighting in your country, do you have such a problem
and how does the society solve it?

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UNIT 8____________________________________________________________________________________

So many people spend their health gaining wealth, and then have to spend their wealth to regain
their health.”
A.J. Materi
Activity 1. Read the quote above and agree or disagree on it.

Activity 2. Answer the questions:

 How do you understand the word ―HEALTH‖?

 What does it mean to have a healthy lifestyle?
 What items does the healthy lifestyle contain? Single out the main three important items for you.
 Name any bad habits that distract people from healthy life?
 What should people do if they want to keep a healthy balance?

Activity 3. Read the word combinations and find the appropriate translation to each of
them.

1. to refer to smb/smth a) мати мінливий настрій

2. a huge juggling act b) вразливий до хвороб
3. to become overwhelming c) задоволення від життя
4. to get plenty of sleep d) здоровий баланс
5. to improve your alertness and concentration e) ставати головним
6. to get a chance to fully recuperate f) спати вдосталь
7. susceptible to illnesses g) неймовірний обман
8. to have erratic moods h) посилатись на
9. enjoyment of life i) покращити впевненість і концентрацію
10. a healthy balance j) перейти до звички
11. to slip into the habit k) отримати шанс на повне відновлення

Activity 4. a) Read and translate the text. Choose the titles to the paragraphs.

Don’t Forget About Sleep Time to Play Eat a Diet

Find Your Healthy Balance Sharing the Load Healthy Lifestyles Physical Activity
A___________________
Do you ever feel like every time you turn on the TV or pick up a magazine, that all that everyone is talking
about is "healthy lifestyles"? It seems to be everyone's favourite topic. But what does it really mean to have a
healthy lifestyle and is it just about food and exercise? What is a Healthy Lifestyle? Having a healthy
lifestyle is not just about eating healthy and exercising. There is lots of information out there that talks about
the importance of having a healthy lifestyle and this often refers to having a work/life balance. As a
teenager, you may have a lot of things that you are trying to balance such as school or study,
friendships/relationships, extracurricular activities, sports, part-time job, and responsibilities at home.
Sometimes this can start to feel like a huge juggling act and can easily become overwhelming. That's why
it's important to find balance in your life which is really what having a healthy lifestyle all is about. So, what
are the important aspects of having a healthy lifestyle and how can you start to develop habits now that will
set the foundations for a healthy future?

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B__________________
To start with, make sure you get plenty of sleep. Some research suggests that teenagers need more sleep
than adults however it's often the case that they get less than they need. To function properly, your body and
mind need a minimum of eight hours of sleep each night. Sleep is important as it improves your alertness
and concentration and is the only part of the day where your body gets a chance to fully recuperate,
recover and heal.

C___________________
Eat a well-balanced diet. This can sound much easier than it is. Did you know though that if you don't eat
well that you could be put yourself at risk of: becoming overweight, being more susceptible to illnesses,
cardiovascular diseases and acne, having erratic moods, experiencing depression and experiencing a lower
level of enjoyment of life. However lots of people are really conscious about what they eat, and try and
make healthy choices. Remember, even where it comes to eating habits, it's all about balance.

D_______________
Exercising regularly is part of having a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity helps to build a strong body and
mind. People, who exercise in conjunction with eating a balanced diet, benefit from a healthy physique, a
mind that can think more clearly and are more likely to have less stress.

E________________
To be a healthy person, you need to have people around you that you can talk to about what's happening for
you, to talk to about your problems rather than dealing with them alone or not dealing with them at all. If you
feel stressed or overwhelmed, it helps to speak with someone you trust.

F__________________
Another important part of having a healthy lifestyle is remembering to "play". Just taking time to laugh, have
fun and being around people who make you feel good is part of having balance in your life.

G___________________
Getting enough sleep, having good food habits, doing some daily physical activity, having trusted people to
confide in and finding time to "play" will mean you are well on your way to having a healthy lifestyle.
However, when you're busy trying to fit in everything you have to do in a day, it can be hard to find a
healthy balance. It is really easy to slip into the habit of choosing unhealthy snacks and take-away foods or
spending your free time watching TV or in front of the computer. In moderation, these can be fine, but, if
they are out of balance, they can be dangerous for your health, both now and in the long-term. Habits that
you form as a young person will set the foundation for the future. Forming good habits of a healthy lifestyle
will be something that you will take with you into your adult years.

b) Answer the questions:

1. Why is important to sleep enough time? What should people do if they can‘t sleep?
2. What results can observe the people who eat unhealthy food?
3. What healthy food do you personally eat?
4. Do you do exercises regularly? What do the people face who are on a healthy diet in conjunction with
the exercises?
5. Is it necessary to tell all your secrets to other people? How can it influence your emotional state?
6. How often do you spend your time just relaxing? Is it important for people to spent time just for having
fun or is it simple wasting of time?
7. What consequences can have the absence of a healthy balance?

Activity 5. Translate the sentences.

1. Наш викладач каже, якщо студенти будуть посилатись на цей підручник то вони нароблять
багато помилок у науковій роботі про здоровий спосіб життя.
2. Вона мала сильний головний біль, тому, що вона не спала вдосталь вночі. Але дослідження
показують, що людям потрібно спати не менше ніж 8 годин на добу.
3. Після лікування моя бабуся отримала шанс на повне відновлення зору. (sight) Я думаю вона
повинна вживати вітаміни, це прискорить її одужання. (recovery)
4. ЇЇ дитина дуже вразлива до хвороб, тому вони часто відвідують лікаря.
5. Я думаю що вона вагітна (pregnant), тому вона часто має мінливий настрій. Якщо вона постійно
буде у поганому настрої вона не буде отримувати задоволення від життя.

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6. Ми вирішили, що він перейшов до шкідливих звичок, тому що він не отримував задоволення від
життя.
7. Я більше ніколи не буду вірити їй! Тому що всі її слова про використання здорових дієт і
вітамінів виявились неймовірним обманом.
8. Дуже важко відшукати здоровий баланс якщо ти не дотримуєшся здорового способу життя. Тому
кожного ранку ми ідемо на спортивний майданчик і робимо ранкову зарядку і бігаєм підтюпцем.
9. Заняття допомогли їй покращити впевненість і концентрацію.

Activity 6. Watch the video ”How to be Healthy” and fill in the table.

What people should do What people should avoid

Activity 7. Time for discussion based on the video.

1. What main issues of healthy life can you point out from this video?
2. What is the aim of doing exercises? What things do we need to do them?
3. Do you know how much water people should drink every day? What for?
4. What healthy products can you name?
5. How to keep in balance homework, friends, keeping fit, food?
6. How many hours should teens sleep every day? Do you agree?
7. What do you think about laughing? Is it true ―Laughter prolongs life‖?

EATING WELL
Activity 1. Healthy or unhealthy? Tick the healthy food.

o Sandwiches o Fish and fried potatoes o Sweets and cakes o Pasta

o Cheese o Stewed vegetables o Red wine o Chicken
o Vegetable and fruit salads o A Big Mac o Beer o Milk and yoghurt
o Pizza o Coffee o Porridge o Ham and pork

Activity 2. Tick off the sentences which refer to you. Share your opinion your opinion
with the class.

 I cook food at home.  I prefer olive oil.

 I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.  I don‘t eat a lot of butter.
 I eat fast food.  I drink much fresh water.
 I like salty food.  I don‘t drink alcohol.
 I prefer boiled and baked meat, not fried.  I drink a glass of red wine at dinner.
 I cannot live without sweets. I eat a lot of sweets.  I consult the Internet to balance my diet.

Activity 3. Match the words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Learn the words.

1. weight management a) попередньо нарізані закуски

2. quality of life b) обезжирені або низькокалорійні молочні продукти
3. to use the tips c) якість життя
4. full-fat dressing d) вершки
5. skim milk e) використовувати підказки
6. nutritional content f) поживний склад
7. lower-calorie substitutes g) гарніри сповнені жирів
8. low-fat or fat-free dairy h) відшукати менш калорійні замінники
9. pre-cut snacks i) контроль ваги

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Activity 4. a) Read the information and make up a basic daily menu for a healthy
lifestyle.
b) Find the additional information!

IS YOUR DIET HEALTHY?

IF YES – GREAT! IF NOT – THINK ABOUT IT!
Eating a healthy diet is the part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean diet help with weight
management, it can also improve your health and quality of life as you get older. You can use different
programs in the Internet to determine how many calories you need and what food groups you should focus
on or, if you're looking for smaller changes, you can use these tips for simple ways to change how you eat:
 Eat more fruit. Add it to your cereal, your salads or even your dinners.
 Add much vegetarian. Add them wherever you can – a tomato on your sandwich, peppers on your
pizza, or extra veggies in your pasta sauce. Keep pre-cut or canned / frozen veggies ready for quick
snacks.
 Switch your salad dressing. If you eat full-fat dressing, switch to something lighter and you'll
automatically eat less calories.
 Eat low-fat or fat-free dairy. Switching to skim milk or fat free yogurt is another simple way to eat less
calories without having to change too much in your diet.
 Make some substitutes. Look through your fridge and pick 3 foods you eat every day. Write down the
nutritional content and, the next time you're at the store, find lower-calorie substitutes for just those 3
items.

c) Decide whether the sentences are true or false:

1. Healthy diet is not a necessary part of a healthy lifestyle.
2. A diet with weight management can make the quality of life better.
3. Eat as many vegetables and fruit as you can to keep yourself fit.
4. Pre-cut, canned and frozen snacks are tasty, low-calorie and serviceable for your health.
5. If you eat full-fat dressing you must turn on to light food to get less calories.
6. Eating diary even low-fat promotes the increasing of calories.
7. You can write the nutritional content and buy lower-calorie substitutes instead to keep fit.

Activity 5. a) Read the words with the translation:

1. a new approach to eating – новий підхід до вживання їжі

2. cooking facilities – можливості для приготування їжі
3. high sodium effect – їжа з високим вмістом натрію
4. abundance of healthy recipes and guidance – безліч «здорових» рецептів та контроль
5. to read nutritional labels – переглядати вміст калорій
6. saturated fat – насичений жирами
7. to hydrate – зволожувати
8. to be obese – страждати від ожиріння

b) Watch the video “How to Develop Healthy Eating Habits” and write down the main
stages of developing healthy habits.

c) Fill in the gaps in the sentences:

 balanced meals
 fast foods
 feed
 a habit
 water
 good health
 difference

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1. ________ __________ is just a matter of taking a new approach to eating and making simple changes.
2. This will help you avoid eating processed and ________ ________, which are higher in sodium and fat.
3. Make it ____________ to eat something within the first hour after you wake up.
4. Aim for three small ________________ _____________ and two snacks.
5. Drink plenty of _________ every day.
6. Feel the ____________________ in your body -- more energy and stamina – as well as sharper thinking
as you _______________ your body healthy foods.

d) Fill in the table:

The name of the step Explanation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

e) Answer the questions:

1. What major facilities will you need for developing healthy habits?
2. What optional facilities can be required?
3. How can the preparation of food yourself help you?
4. What for is it advised to make a shopping list? Have you ever tried to do it yourself? How did it help you?
5. What must you pay attention to while reading the nutrition labels? Do you do it while buying food?
6. What is the main meal of the day? Do you support this point of view?
7. How often must people eat small meals?
8. What for must people drink much water? How much water do you usually drink a day?
9. How many percent of the U.S. children are obese? What statistics do we have in our country?

Activity 6. Make your own plan of developing healthy habits. Present your “Healthy
Project” to your group mates and be ready to discuss it with them.

KEEPING FIT
Activity 1. Fill in free spaces in a
magic flower, answering the question
in the middle of the flower.
What do
Activity 2. Do you keep fit? Answer
the following questions and read the you do to
advice. keep fit?
Yes No
1. Do you often eat vegetables
and fruit?
2. Do you do sports regularly?
3. Do you watch TV for more
than an hour?
4. Do you eat chocolate, sweet,
chips, and buiscits every day?
5. Do you sleep 8-10 hours at
night?

Put ―One‖ for each ―Yes‖. What is your total score?..........................

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Now read about yourself:
0-3: Oh, dear! Forget about sweets and chips. You need fruit and vegetables and more exercises.
3-4: Do more exercises and eat more carefully.
5: You keep fit! Well done!

Activity 3. Read the information and guess the meanings of the words in bold type. Use
the dictionary.

The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the
numbers of people participating in sports and activities. For anyone
who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part
of their lives. A lot of health and fitness clubs, and public leisure
centres that were created in many countries indicate the popularity
of sports during the past thirty years. Families can spend their
holidays at huge indoor water parks. In such places everybody
will have much fun.
There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it is necessary to do exercises. People of
different ages can design exercises that will fit them. Running, jumping, swimming, bending and
stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and
the most accessible sport. Walking is a very popular activity too.
In order to keep fit some people do aerobics or yoga; others
prefer some kind of weight training in a gym. A healthy body
becomes a fashion, an ideal of the life of today. Even moderate
physical activity can protect against heart disease and strokes as
well as improve general health and the quality of life. Making small
changes like using the stairs instead of the lift or walking or
cycling instead of taking the bus can help people live a more active,
healthier and enjoyable life.
Many sports activities have become part of daily life. Football
has always been the most popular sport among boys. Bicycling is very popular. Skiing, skating, fishing and
hunting are wide spread in our country. In summer many people like to go to the bank of the river on a hot
day to swim. Another activity that is popular in our country is roller-skating.
Unfortunately, many people do not take enough exercise to keep themselves healthy. According to
the statistics nowadays 60 percent of men and 91 percent of women are below activity levels necessary for a
fit and healthy life. Many men and women are overweight.

Activity 4. In pairs talk about the following issues:

 Do you think it‘s important to stay in a good physical form?

 Why are people concerned with the healthy way of life nowadays?
 Do you think that good appearance is the only motivation of being fit?
 What may help people to get fitter?
 Is it a good idea to use the stairs instead of lift?
 What do you think about aerobics and yoga?
 Do you do anything for keeping fit?
 Is it necessary to do the morning exercises?
 Have you ever taken part in big city marathons?

Activity 5. a) Read and translate the words:

1. to sustain – підтримувати 5. to perceive exertion – відчувати напругу

2. to combat – боротись 6. to avoid errors – уникати помилок
3. to boot energy – накопичувати енергію 7. variation matters – різноманітні причини
4. to categorize – розділяти по категоріям

b) Watch the video “Exercising regularly” and fill in the table:

144
 Guidelines for starting
Benefits of exercises: Other recommendations:
exercising:
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
* *
*
*

c) Answer the questions:

1. What is the definition of the word ―an exercise‖?
2. Do you exercise regularly? What are the benefits of exercising for you?
3. What types of exercising do you know? What is the best type of exercising for you?
4. Is the piece of advice, given in the video for starting exercising, useful?
5. What is the bottom line of exercising?

Activity 6. a) Read and translate the following dialogue.

Sport and Healthy Life
– What does it mean to you to be healthy?
– I think to be healthy means that every organ works well. I don't think being healthy means being beautiful
or muscular.
– Is it important to be healthy?
– Yes, it is. If you are healthy, you are happy, you can work and rest well. Sick people usually have bad
characters, they are never pleased or satisfied. They are not easy to deal with.
– What can you do to be healthy?
– I could give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, eating at night, eating fat food), if I had them. I
should exercise, go on a diet and watch my weight.
– Is going in for sport important for being healthy?
– Yes, it is. Exercise makes us strong and healthy, because our muscles work well and get enough food.
– Why are people so much concerned about vitamins?
– The word «vitamin» comes from the Latin word «life». There are vitamins that men and animals do not
produce in their bodies and must take. People can take vitamins in pills and from fruit and vegetables. If
people do not take vitamins with fruit or in pills, they can die.
– What can smoking cause?
– Smoking can cause cancer and other lung problems. Your teeth become yellow, if you smoke. People
who do not smoke, but are close to a smoker, breathe in smoke and can ruin their health, too. So, smoking
is bad not only for the smokers, but also for the non-smokers who are around.
– Can pills and creams help you be healthy?
– Now there are a lot of adverts on TV and in newspapers which offer us pills and creams for losing
weight, skin-lifting and other problems. Some creams and pills can help, if you take them under a doctor's
control, for example, vitamins. But the problem is most of them help you look healthy, not be healthy and
can cause bad problems.
– Are you good at sport?
– I am not good at sport. You know, I do not want to go in for professional sport because it requires much
time and energy. But I can swim or play such games as basketball, badminton, beach volleyball or table
tennis. It is pleasant especially in summer. We go to the lake and make races.
– What unusual sports do you know?
– Parachuting, mountaineering, windsurfing, yachting.
– What sports are the most popular among the teenagers in Britain and the USA?
– They are cycling, football, tennis (in Britain) and baseball and cycling (in the USA). But at school British
children play cricket and football.
– What winter sports do you know?
– Skiing, skating, ice hockey, biathlon.
– What summer sports do you know?
– Swimming, windsurfing, yachting, diving, sailing.
– Do you enjoy watching sports events?
– I enjoy watching some events. I like the contests of figure-skaters and divers.
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b) Make up your own dialogue talking about healthy lifestyle.

Activity 7. At home find information on the following topic and discuss your findings
with the group mates: recommended exercises for different age groups and people with
certain health risks.

Activity 8. Familiarize yourself with the information given below.

THE INFINITIVE
The infinitive is a non-finite form of the verb, which names a process in a most general way. The
infinitive has a special marker, the particle to.
e.g. He didn‘t want to speak to her. Він не хотів говорити з нею.
The infinitive has some functions of the verb. The infinitive names an action (to drive a car) or state
(to be sick), but cannot show person, number, or mood. The infinitive has active and passive forms (to
take; to be taken) and can express voice (active and passive) and time.
The infinitive without to (The infinitive without the particle "to" is called bare infinitive).
The particle "to" is not used after:
- after the auxiliary verbs do/did, shall/will, should/would (He doesn‘t remember saying that)
- modal verbs (You can go. You must take it.)
- the verbs to make, to let, to have, to help (Make him eat. Let her play.)
- after the expressions had better / best, would rather / sooner, to do nothing but, to do but, nothing
to do but / except (You look unwell, you had better stay at home. She does nothing but dream about
something all day long.)
- after the words of sense perception (She saw him leave. He heard her sing.)
- after than (I have more important things than (to) discuss this problem)
- when the imperative mood is used (Close the window!)

Activity 9. Put the particle “to” before the infinitive where necessary. Explain your
choice.

1. I don‘t think that you need … worry about her new diet. She looks beautiful.
2. We made him … go to the supermarket and …buy low-fat food and free-fat diary because we were on a
diet.
3. My aunt wanted her husband … find lower-calorie substitutes for the food he got used … eat.
4. You had better … stop eating pre-cut and frozen snacks because in future you can … have some
problems with your stomach.
5. He decided … slip into the habit of cleaning his working place before going home.
6. She seems … have the erratic moods today.
7. I‘ve never seen her … eat full fat dressing. I think she is on a healthy diet.
8. He planned … buy skim milk because he wanted … cook ice-cream.
9. You would rather … read nutritional content of this food before buying it.
10. The teacher let us … use the tips while writing the test.
11. She didn‘t want … change the quality of her life because she was satisfied with it.
12. They are happy … eat a diet because they can … control their weight.

Activity 10. Change underlined part of the sentences into the infinitive construction.

Example: He has a lot of books which he can read.

He has a lot of books to read.
1. We would like to offer you low-calorie food which you can buy in our supermarket.
2. Do you read the books about healthy diets which you will refer to?
3. Is there anything in your life which you can enjoy?
4. Could you give me the book about the people susceptible to illnesses which I can read.
5. He brought us a film about the overwhelming things in the life of drug addicted people which we could
watch.

146
6. There are some wonderful exercises which can preserve a healthy balance in the organism.
7. All the time Jack makes us eat fruit and vegetables which can improve our concentration and health.
8. Can you give me some pills which will help me from coughing?
9. The doctor advised him to have plenty of sleep which could help him to get rid of headache.
10. He brought us pre-cut snacks which we could eat in the evening.
11. They slipped into a habit of running in the morning which could improve their physical state.

Activity 11. Translate the following sentences into English changing underlined part of
the construction.

Example: Ось стаття, яку необхідно перекласти.

Here is an article to translate.
1. Я знайшов інформацію, на яку можна посилатись під час написання доповіді про людей зі
шкідливими звичками.
2. Мій батько заробляє гроші, які можуть покращити якість життя нашої родини.
3. Мама взяла вершки, щоб приготувати каву.
4. Брат пішов в магазин, щоб купити попередньо нарізані заморожені сніданки.
5. Вона придбала обезжирене молоко та сир, щоб з‘їсти на сніданок.
6. Почитай поживний склад продуктів харчування, щоб обрати що ти хочеш купувати.
7. Він приніс статтю про неймовірний обман людей, які перейшли до звички паління, щоб
обговорити.
8. Наш вчитель з фізкультури організував змагання, щоб виграти його ми використали підказки .
9. Приймай ліки, які я принесла вчора, щоб отримати шанс на повне відновлення організму.
10. Мама заставляла нас спати вдосталь, щоб ми не почувались втомлені.

BAD HABITS AND

ADDICTIONS

Activity 1. Read the quotations,

discuss them with your group mates
and answer the following questions.

1. What bad habits do you know?

2. Do you have any of them?
3. Do you know any ways out to get rid of
bad habits?

Activity 2. a) Read the list of bad habits and guess the translation.
b) Learn the words.

1. nail biting - …………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. smoking - ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. borrowing money - …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. overeating or food addiction - …………………………………………………………………………
5. desiring something for nothing - ………………………………………………………………………
6. shopping - ……………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. binge drinking or habitual intoxication - ………………………………………………………………
8. nose picking - ………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. hair pulling and twirling - ……………………………………………………………………………..
10. gambling - ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. cracking knuckles - ……………………………………………………………………………………
12. drug / alcohol / internet addiction - ……………………………………………………………………

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Activity 3. a) Read and translate the text
b) Exchange the words in bold type with their English equivalents:

 conversely  behavioral patterns

 vulnerability  chemical composition of the brain
 conscious choice  maintain conscious choice
 having a proactive approach  real life relationships
 damaging  to preventing addictions
 chronic diseases  reveal
 dependency  distraction
 a mental activity  winning or losing

WHEN HABITS BECOME ADDICTIONS

How do we know when our habits have become addictions? Why is it important to distinguish the two?
We all have good and bad habits, from things like overeating, gambling or smoking, having cereal every
morning, or brushing our teeth before bed. But sometimes, these habits can become addictions, and being
addicted to anything at all can have a harmful effect on our physical and psychological well-being. Habits
and addictions are at opposite sides of the dependency scale, and while differentiating between the two can
be challenging, it‘s important to do so.
Habits can be described as (1) ___ моделі поведінки where one action has been repeated so often that
it becomes automatic. There is an element of (2) ___ усвідомлений вибір in a habit.
(3) ___ Протилежно, addictions are (4) ___ хронічні хвороби of the brain which arise from habits
but are more extreme forms of them. An addicted person does not have any control over their impulses and is
sometimes not conscious of their addiction. Addiction is usually closely associated with a physical and
psychological dependence on substances like drugs, alcohol or tobacco which temporarily affect the (5) ___
хімічний склад мозку. Some clear ways to distinguish habits from addictions are described below.
Monitor how easily you can (6) ___ підтримувати усвідомлений вибір over the habit. If you can
control yourself it is a habit; but if you see that the habit controls you, then it is an addiction.
Habits are a result of (7) ___ мозкова активність but addiction affects mental stability. Addiction
adversely affects the power to think, make decisions and also affects behavioral patterns. A habit is generally
non-destructive. A bad habit is one that is annoying. When the habit becomes (8) ___ руйнівний and even
out of control, then it becomes an addiction.
Generally speaking, we develop bad habits and addictions in moments of (9) ___ вразливість. For
example, some people may begin drink much alcohol for escapism, begin smoking for inclusion, or biting
their nails for (10) ___ роздратованість. These behaviours (and others) can remain as simple habits or can
progress into addictions - which can be far more destructive connected with tobacco, drugs, or alcohol, we
may be less aware of some not very popular addictions, and their characteristics, for example:
Gambling. Problem gamblers typically continue to gamble whether they are (11) ___ перемагають
чи втрачають. The effects of compulsive gambling are felt family wide and can affect a gambler‘s
personal relationships, career and life.
Internet. Internet addicts develop a (12) ___ залежність on online
friends and activities. Such activities can include instant messaging, social
networking, gaming or involvement in online forums. Real life relationships
can be disrupted because of excessive Internet use. There are many different
causes why people turn to the internet, but one of the most essential, is
thought to be a personality disorder.
These people need to fill the void that has been created by not having
any (13) ___ відносини в реальному житті, so they turn to the Internet,
just as if someone would turn to drugs.
Shopping. People who ―shop till they drop‖ and run their credit cards up to the limit often have a
shopping addiction. They believe that if they shop they will feel better. Compulsive shopping and spending
is similar to other addictive behaviours, and can similarly affect relationships, careers and life goals. In some
cases, shopping addicts cannot pay their bills and start borrowing money from other people.
Understanding when habits become addictions is part of (14) ___ мати ініціативний підхід to
maintaining good health. Knowing their individual characteristics is vital (15) ___ запобігти залежностям
before they (16) ___ відкривати themselves, and this is a good start to improving our well-being.

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c) Find the English equivalents of the following words in the text:

1. шкала залежності – …………………………………………………………………………

2. дратівливий – ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. залежність від речовини – …………………………………………………………………
4. есканізм (намагання втекти в світ ілюзій) – ………………………………………………
5. за компанію – ………………………………………………………………………………
6. розлад особистості – ……………………………………………………………………….
7. заповнити порожнечу – …………………………………………………………………….
8. робити покупки поки не скінчаться гроші – ………………………………………………
9. оплачувати рахунки – ………………………………………………………………………

d) Decide whether the sentences are true or false:

1. Some people have only good habits and some people have only bad habits.
2. Some habits can become addictions which can have harmful effect on out well-being.
3. Habits and addictions are on one side of dependency scale.
4. There is no difference between bad habits and addictions.
5. If the person can control him/herself it‘s a habit.
6. A habit is usually annoying and destructive.
7. People develop bad habits and addictions at every possible moment.
8. Some people begin smoking for inclusion.
9. People are aware of the most spread addictions such as drugs, alcohol etc.
10. Problematic gamblers can stop gambling at every possible moment.
11. Internet addicts develop a dependency on online friends and activities.
12. People who ―shop till they drop‖ always have money on their credit cards.
13. It‘s not necessary to understand when habits become addictions.

Activity 4. Exchange the underlined words with the words from activity 3 (b, c).
Translate the sentences.

1. Addiction is the uncontrolled, destructive habit.

2. All the habits are the result of the work of our brain.
3. Some people may begin biting nails or twirling hair because of irritation.
4. People who do shopping till the last pound and run their credit cards have usually a shopping
addiction.
5. Eating this low-fat diet was my mother‘s realized decision.
6. He was susceptible to different illnesses that‘s why now he has some durable illnesses.
7. He has been looking strange for 1 year and we understood that he had an addiction from some
stuff.
8. Habits can be described as the models of bahaviour that become automatic.
9. He has been smoking for 2 years. I think he started smoking because of his friends.

HOW TO BREAK BAD HABBITS

Activity 1. Read the information and make up the dialogue about the importance of
breaking bad habits.

149
 Instructions
1. Decide how serious you are about breaking the habit. In addition to a strong commitment, you'll need
time and energy to pay attention to your behavior so that you can change it.
2. Keep track of when you do the behavior. Keep a notepad or journal handy.
3. Write down when it happens (what is the situation) and what you were thinking and feeling. Writing
increases your awareness of when and why you have this habit.
4. Read and think about what you write down. What does this habit do for you? Is it a way to deal with
feelings of boredom, anxiety, stress, anger?
5. Think of what you could do instead of the habit that would be a more positive way to deal with the
feelings or situation. Write down some simple alternative behaviors that you could do instead. Pick one
you want to practice.
6. Try to catch yourself when you find yourself doing the habit and stop yourself as soon as you can. Start
the alternative behavior you decided you wanted to do instead.
7. Aim to do this once a week and increase the number of times per week over time. The more you
practice a new behavior, the more it becomes the new habit.
8. Get support from others by letting them know you are working on the habit and telling them what.

Activity 2. Watch the video “How to Break Bad Habits” and do the following
tasks:

a) Read the words with the translation:

1. a repetition – повторення
2. to twirl the pencil – крутити олівець
3. positive reinforcement – позитивне зміцнення
4. to insist on – наполягати
5. dopamine – дофамін (гормон, який викликає почуття задоволення)
6. to quit the habit – покинути звичку
7. to avoid triggers – уникати імпульсів
8. to illuminate – роз‘яснювати

b) Write down four steps to get rid of the bad habits and discuss them with your
group mates:

c) Answer the questions:

1. How many ways of forming bad habits did you watch in the video? Name them.
2. What is the main idea of ―repetition‖? Give the examples.
3. How did you understand the main idea of the ―positive reinforcement‖? Give the examples.
4. Why do they advise to write a list in order to get rid of bad habits? Is it helpful in your opinion?
5. How can you avoid triggers?
6. Give the examples of bad habits that can be exchanged into not so bad.

150
Activity 3. a) Take a look at the following motivators and talk them over.
b) At home make your own motivator and present it to your group-mates.

Activity 4. Familiarize yourself with the information given below.

Forms of the Infinitive

Active Passive
Indefinite to ask to be asked
Continuous to be asking -
Perfect to have asked to have been asked
Perfect
to have been asking -
Continuous

Pay attention to the meaning of different forms of the infinitive!

A Indefinite I am (always) glad to help you. Я (завжди) радий допомогти вам.
c Continuous I am glad to be helping you now. Я радий, що допомагаю вам зараз.
t Perfect I am glad to have helped you. Я радий, що допоміг вам.
i
v Perfect I am glad to have been helping
Я радий, що допомагаю вам з ранку.
e Continuous you since morning.
P Я (завжди) радий, коли мені
a Indefinite I am (always) glad to be helped.
допомагають.
s
s
i Perfect I am glad to have been helped. Я радий, що мені допомогли.
v
e

 The indefinite infinitive is used to denote an action simultaneous with that of the finite verb; an action
which refers to the future; a repeated, habitual action.
 The continuous infinitive is used to denote an action in progress simultaneous with that of the finite
verb.
 The perfect infinitive is used to denote an action, which is prior to that of the finite verb.
 The perfect continuous infinitive is used to denote an action, which lasted for a period of time before
the action of the finite verb.

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Activity 5. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the usage of the
infinitive.

1. She is said to have been drug addicted for 2 years.

2. They are worried to have eaten to much full-fat dressing.
3. My relatives were happy to have found lower-calorie substitutes for the food they ate.
4. He wanted to be told about all her bad habits immediately.
5. The teacher asked the students to write a report about the alcohol addiction.
6. My sister is supposed to be eating fat-free dairy food now.
7. I hope the information about gambling to have been brought already.
8. Our brothers seem to have prepared coffee with skim milk already.
9. Her friends want to stop borrowing money from their relatives.
10. I am happy to be cooking pre-cut snacks now.
11. He is thought to have had habitual intoxication for 2 months.
12. Susan is happy to have given up smoking.

Activity 6. Combine the two sentences as in the example.

Example: I teach English here. I am glad of it. – I am glad to teach English here.
We helped him. We are happy about it. – We are happy to have helped him.
I was examined yesterday. I am glad of it. – I am glad to have been examined yesterday.

(a) 1. I am not sustainable to illnesses. I am happy about it.

2. You give up smoking. You are glad about it.
3. We are addicted to food. We are irritable about it.
4. You don‘t lead the healthy way of life. You are sad about it.

(b) 1. He is watching the advertisement about drug abuse. He is worried about it.
2. I am healthy. I am glad of it.
3. Some days ago she slipped into the habit of eating low-fat dairy. She is happy about it.
4. They stopped borrowing money from their friends. They are glad of it.

(c) 1. Many people are drug-addicted. They are sad about it.
2. Eating a healthy diet became overwhelming in her life. She is glad of it.
3. They are affected by Internet. They are worried about it.
4. I got the enjoinment of life because I had won a jogging championship. I am happy about it.

(d) 1. She doesn‘t understand this kind of addiction. She is sorry about it.
2. They have not seen this film about shopping addiction. They are sorry about it.
3. He has not been studying the addiction of nail biting all these years. He is sorry about it.
4. Our children crack knuckles. We are sorry about it.

(e) 1. She hadn‘t read the nutritional content of the food she bought. She is sorry about it.
2. We have learnt the information about weight management. We are glad of it.
3. They discovered how to prevent the habit of nose picking. They are glad of it.
4. I found the lost article about people who have the addiction of gambling. I was happy about it.

Activity 7. Remember the following set expressions with infinitive:

 needless to say / it is not worth to say; For example:

 so to speak; To be quite frank, I didn‘t want to give him my
 to be quite frank; books. - Правду кажучи, я не хотів давати йому
 to make matters worse; мої книжки.
 to say it mildly;
 to say the least; Needless to say, he lost my books. - Не варто і
 to tell the truth. казати це він загубив мої книжки.

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Activity 8. Translate the sentences into English. Explain the usage of the infinitive.

1. Правду кажучи, я не читаю поживний склад продуктів, які купую.

2. Дуже приємно готувати корисну їжу, a не попередньо нарізані заморожені закуски.
3. Не варто і казати, що він наркозалежний вже 3 роки.
4. Я радий, що мені порадили цю здорову дієту.
5. Порада лікаря – покинути палити і вживати продукт із низьким вмістом жирів.
6. Він радий, що допоміг вам позбутись залежності грати в азартні ігри.
7. Це не найгірша звичка крутити волосся.
8. Кожного разу коли моя сестра хвилюється вона хоче погризти нігті.
9. M‘яко кажучи, вона була замучена, що він постійно позичав гроші в усіх її друзів.
10. Батько був сумний коли йому заборонили їсти гарніри сповнені жирів.
11. Він здивований, що може посилатись на цей підручник.
12. Я втомлений, бо пишу статтю про інтернетзалежність з самого ранку.

ADDICTIONS
Activity 1 Read, the words with the translation and learn them.

1. to alter – змінювати
2. rife – звичайний
3. drug-related crime – злочин зумовлений наркотиками
4. smuggling and dealing – контрабанда
5. to be aware of – бути обізнаним
6. menace of drugs – загроза наркотиків
7. substance abuse – постійне зловживання
8. to overdose on – надмірна (шкідлива) доза
9. recovery – одужання
10. to set boundaries – ставити межі
11. to deal with – мати справу з
12. kicking drugs – вбивчі наркотики

Activity 2. a) Read and translate the text.

Addiction can occur more easily to some individuals than others. Not only is it the addictive power of
the substance, may it be drugs, alcohol, or even caffeine, but it is also depends on the individual and the
individual's environment. Humans have always had a curiosity in experimenting with things that alter them
both mentally and physically. It is just human nature. This is how many addictions occur, mainly drug and
alcohol addiction.

DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse is rife in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent
internationally preventing drug use, treating addicts, and fighting drug-
related crime.
Drug abuse causes multiple problems for countries and
communities. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious.
Addicts cannot function as normal members of society. They neglect
their families, and eventually require expensive treatment or
hospitalization.
The second effect is on crime. Huge police resources are needed to fight smuggling and dealing.
However, the menace of drugs can be fought. Education is the first battle. Children need to be told at
home and in school about drugs. People need to be aware of the effects so that they can avoid this problem.
A second approach is to increase police manpower and create effective laws to stop dealers. However,
the main target should be the user: families and counselors need to talk to children and people at risk. Parents
need to look at their children and help them to become responsible.
In conclusion, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps
that can be taken to weaken the hold of drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore for us
and our children.

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b) Answer the questions:

1. What are the effects of drug abuse?

2. How does the society treat drug addicted people?
3. What are the ways of preventing drug addictions?
4. What must police do to prevent drug smuggling and dealing?
5. What steps, in your opinion, must be done to weaken the hold of drugs on the society?
6. Do you know any addicted person? If yes, what can you tell about his / her life?

Activity 3. a) Read the words with the translation:

1. to give speeches – висловлювати промови

2. prescription meds – ліки по рецепту
3. juvenile – підліток
4. to stick to smth – дотримуватись
5. a surgery – амбулаторне лікування

b) Watch the video “Former Heroin Addict” and fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. She _____________ heroine in 2012.

2. Jasmine would become a public speaker explaining how heroine _____________ her life forever.
3. Overdose on heroine made her ________________ move her arms and legs fully.
4. She was fully obsessed with ____________, _________________________ and heroine.
5. We first met Jasmine in the hospital after __________________.
6. Jasmine and her mom planned to attend _________________________.

c) Answer the questions:

1. What has happened to Jasmine?

2. When did it happen exactly?
3. How did heroine affect her life?
4. How old is Jasmine?
5. What is she doing now?
6. What was Jasmine obsessed with?
7. Was Jasmine correct when she decided to share her problems with other people?

Activity 4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the table. Translate the sentences.

1. to be aware of 6. menace
2. smuggling and dealing 7. kicking drugs
3. rife 8. to alter
4. deal with 9. set boundaries
5. drug-related crime 10. to fill the void

1. They wanted to go to the seaside but because of the rainy weather they had to___________ their plans.
2. He was not ______________ that healthy diet, so he went to the library to read about it.
3. They divorced last year. _______________ in his heart he drank alcohol. He said to have been alcohol
addicted for half of the year.
4. To be quite frank, I was surprised that he managed to _______________ his life which he had had for
already 3 years.
5. Let him tell about the _____________________ at the next lesson.
6. Every country must have strict laws concerning ___________ of the drugs.
7. This professor has ______________________________ people having different addictions since 1990.
8. His ______________ drug addiction set boundaries between him and his family.
9. I am happy to have been working with this ________________________ question since early morning.
10. I was upset to have known that he was in the prison because of the ____________________________.

Activity 5. a) Read the words with the translation:

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1. to lose the ability – втрачати здатність
2. to take persistence of – докладати зусиль
3. acceptance – прийняття
4. to quit – звільнятись
5. a functioning member of society – повноцінний член суспільства
6. to figure out – усвідомлювати / розуміти
7. to underline the issue – виокремити головне
8. quick-fix – швидке одужання
9. redemption – порятунок
10. to be committed to the goal – бути відданим цілі / ідеї

b) Watch the video ”Dealing with Drug Addiction” and write down the explanation of
each step.
Step Explanation What must be done

Acceptance

Take support

Rehabilitation

Figure why you

became an addict

Join a support
group

Stay away from

addicts

Distract yourself

Realize that there

is no quick-fix

c) Decide whether the sentences are true or false:

1. Drug addiction is one of the toughest addictions in our society.
2. Every addict is able to control this destructive habit.
3. The acceptance of the problem is the first step of dealing with the addiction.
4. It‘s not necessary to accept the support of other people while being addicted.
5. Addicts can never become functioning members of society after rehabilitation.
6. Drug addiction is also caused by some underline issue.
7. The people with the same problem never help the addict.
8. It‘s recommended to stay with addict people after rehabilitation.
9. It‘s important to set new goals while having rehabilitation.
10. The treatment and rehabilitation is always quick.

Activity 6. Make up a crammed story with the words from activity 1 and be ready to
present it to your group mates.

Activity 7. Make up a project. Choose one of the addictions given below and make the
presentation of it:

1. Internet addiction 3. Shopping addiction 5. Gambling

2. Smoking 4. Overeating

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UNIT 9____________________________________________________________________________________

Health is like money, we never have a true idea of its value until we lose it.

Josh Billing
THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about it. Find some more quotations
about health and treating.

Activity 2. Read the joke and express

your opinion about it. What factors
can influence the development of
medicine? What is the importance of
medicine nowadays? Could people
survive without it? Why?
Read and translate the words:

1. a root – корінь
2. heathen – язичницький
3. а рrayer – молитва
4. a superstition – забобон
5. potion – отрута
6. artificial - штучний

Activity 3. Read the words with their translation. Make up the sentences with them.

1. blood - кров 13. a petri dish - чашка Петрі (лабораторний посуд)

2. phlegm - слиз 14. casualties - жертви
3. a disease - хвороба 15. antiseptics - антисептики
4. bile - жовч 16. anesthetics - анестетики
5. a surgeon - хірург 17. to cauterize - припекти
6. a jaw bone - щелепа 18. ointment - мазь
7. cemeteries - кладовища 19. ligatures - лігатури(нитки для з'єднання тканин
8. to dissect - розрізати після операції)
9. а wound - рана 20. to pump - перекачувати
10. to bleed - кровоточити 21. cowpox - коров'яча віспа
11. the edge of bacteria - оболонка бактерії 22. stem cell - стовбурові клітини
12. mouldy fungus - плісняві гриби 23. germ - мікроби

Activity 4. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Я раптом згадав, що забув купити в аптеці антисептики.

2. Коров‘яча віспа була небезпечною хворобою минулих століть.
3. Якщо ти обпік палець, використай мазь анестетик, вона зніме біль.
4. На минулому уроці біології вчитель протягом години розповідала про кров, слиз, жовч та інші
рідини людського тіла.
5. На старовинному кладовищі вчені знайшли щелепу невідомої тварини.
6. Плісняві гриби пошкоджують оболонку бактерій.
7. Серце необхідно для перекачування крові.
8. Коли рана кровоточить, хірург зашиває її лігатурами.
9. Вчора ми бачили жахливу аварію на мосту, але говорять, що жертв немає.

156
Activity 5.a) Watch the video and match the name of the scientist with the exploring
they made.
b) Put the events in the chronological order numerating them.

№ The Event The Explorer

__ He was a doctor in 400 BC in Ancient Greece. He also came up with the idea of the
four humours: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. He believed that if any of Pare [pɛə]
them were imbalanced, you would become ill.
__ A gladiator surgeon in ancient Rome who worked in 120 AD. He dissected animals
to discover their anatomy. Said that inside of an animal is the same as inside of a Jenner
human. Also said that the blood was produced by the liver and burnt by the heart.
__ An anatomist, who worked in 1500s. Took bodies from cemeteries and dissected
them. In 1543 he published the book called ―The fabric of the human body‖. That Hippocrates
book contained detailed pictures of the human anatomy. He corrected over 200 [hɪ‘pɒkrəti:z]
Galen‘s mistakes.
__ A war surgeon at Renaissance period who started to use anointment instead of the
Harvey
cauterising the wounds. Also he started to use ligatures to tie up the arteries and
[hα:vi:]
veins to stop bleeding. In 1543 he published a book called ―Work of surgery‖.
__ He discovered that the heart pumped blood around the body and that blood circulate
in one direction. In 1628 he published the book ―An anomatical account of the Vesalius
motion of the heart and blood in animals‖.
__ Worked in the 18th century. Injected cowpox into a little boy to make him immune
Galen
small pox, made a vaccination in 1798.
__ Proved that bacteria grew over time in stuff like beer and wine. Said that diseases
Lister
were not caused be Miasma (smelly air), but bacteria.
__ Developed Pasteur‘s germ theory of disease discovered that different bacteria caused
Simpson
different disease.
__ Worked in the 19th century. He discovered the first anesthetics (chloroform). It was
Rontgen
first used in 1847 by Queen Victoria during pregnancy.
__ Worked in the 19th century. He made first antiseptics. Before this people died from
infection after operating. He used acid to kill germs and stop infection. When the
Koch
surgeons sterilized their equipment, the number of people dying from infection fell
from 45% to 15%.
__ Discovered X-Rays in 1895. It was used first to find the bullets in the soldiers‘
Pasteur
bodies instead of having to cut them open.
__ Accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928. He went on holiday, came back and
Crick and
realized a mouldy fungus blew from the window and into his petri dish. He noticed
Watson
that the edges of the bacteria were killed, he had discovered penicillin.
__ Developed the penicillin drug in the 1930s and in 1940s. It saved over 200 million
peoples‘ lives in the 1900s and 15% more soldiers would‘ve died in World War 2 Barnard
without penicillin.
__ Discovered DNA in 1953. They discovered that our genes determine our hair and eye Florey and
color. This led to gene therapy and stem cell research. Chain
__ Made the first successful heart transplant in 1967. But the patient died 18 days later
Fleming
of pneumonia.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What is ―four humours‖ according to Hippocrates‘s theory?

2. Why do people need antiseptics? Who invented it and what for?
3. Where did the doctors use X-Rays?
4. Who invented penicillin and how did that happen?
5. What do our genes determine?
6. Who said first that bacteria cause the illness?
7. What medical invention was the most important in your opinion? Why?

Activity 6. Familiarize yourself with the information given below.

157
 COMPLEX OBJECT
The Complex Object is a combination of a noun in the Common Case or a pronoun in the Objective Case
and an Infinitive or Participle used after the predicate forms. We use Infinitive when we talk about the
completed action and Participle when the action is continued or not finished.

Complex Object with Infinitive Complex Object with Participle

I saw the boy raise his hand. – Я бачив як I saw the boy raising his hand. – Я бачив як
хлопчик підняв руку. хлопчик піднімав руку.
I heard him call my name. – Я чув як він мене I heard him calling my name. – Я чув як він мене
покликав. кликав

We use Complex Object:

1.After the verbs of PHYSICAL PERCEPTION (bare inf.):see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe:
e.g.:I saw him run (running). I watched her cry (crying). I noticed him smile (smiling). I felt my hand
trembling.
2. After the verbs of MENTAL PERCEPTION (to-inf.): think, consider, find, believe, expect, admit,
know, suppose, imagine, feel, trust, acknowledge, assume, deny, prove:
e.g.:I think him to be a good man. She felt her story to impress him.
3. After the verbs expressing ORDER, PERMISION, REQUEST, COMPULSION (bare inf./to inf.):
let, make, have, order, ask, force, cause, allow, suffer, command, compel, request, persuade, mean,
get:
e.g.:I’ll have him do it. Don’t let her go. You made her cry. She asked him to come on time. I won’t have
you object to me.
4. After the verbs expressing LIKING, DISLIKING, WISH, PREFERENCE: want, wish, would like, hate,
can’t stand, desire, mean, intend, like, dislike, love:
e.g.:I would like you to go there. I hate you to think we’re late on purpose.

Activity 7. Read and translate the sentences. Find and underline the Complex Object.

1. Mother told us to wash the hands to protect us from the germs.

2. Her doctor did not want her to make blood analysis.
3. Jane saw Bob running to the cemetery to meet his friends Goths.
4. Galen expected animals to help him in human body research.
5. Father asked me to bring him his ointment from the first aid kit.
6. The biology teacher wanted us to grow mouldy fungus in our petri dishes to watch the killing of the
bacteria edges.
7. I know Hippocrates to be a good doctor.
8. He used acid to kill germs and stop infection.
9. I watched him pumping water from the river to the big barrel (бочка).
10. Please, don‘t make me drink this milk. It‘s old and not good for my health.
11. The surgeon expected the nurse to bring him the ligatures.
12. People believe the 21st century to bring new medical exploring.

Activity 8. Use the table to make up your own sentences and write them down.
Underline the Complex Object.

I wish the doctors explore the stem cell better.

Ann and Tom make their brothers to take the medicine.
My mother would like the nurse taking the woman‘s blood.
The doctor allow the dentist watching my teeth.
The patient expect me not to hurt my jaw bone.
He believe their sister to visit her doctor.
They hear to stop drinking that hard drink.
see the car to drive too fast.

Activity 9. Transform the sentences using Complex Object.

e.g.: I know that he is a great scientist.
I know him to be a good scientist.

158
1. I know that my friend is just a man.
2. I expect that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it.
3. He knows that my mother is a very kind woman though she is a surgeon.
4. We watched them when they were playing football.
5. They began to laugh. I heard it.
6. The animal‘s behaviour became dangerous. They felt it.
7. His leg was bleeding. I saw it.
8. I saw that he opened the door and left the room.
9. I expect that you will join our excursion to the ancient cemetery.
10. He hated it when people spoke about cowpox.

Activity 10. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Він хотів, щоб його винахід був популярним в усіх країнах.

2. Я бачив, що він встав зі стільця і пішов до аптеки по антисептики.
3. Я не сподівався, що моя сестра стане лікарем.
4. Він примусив машину їхати дуже швидко, бо запізнювався до лікарні.
5. Я не сподівався, що ти розсердишся. Я справі забув твою чашку петрі у школі.
6. Ми хотіли, щоб вони досягли успіху у боротьбі з мікробами.
7. Я хочу, щоб зарядку робили щоранку, бо це дуже корисно для здоров‘я.
8. Тато примусив його вивчити розділ про стовбурові клітини.
9. Джек побачив, що равлик упав зі столу і залишив на ньому слиз.
10. Ми примусили його займатися медициною.
11. Хвороба змусила його залишитися вдома.

1.
2.
head
forehead
a.
b.
вухо
великий палець ноги
PARTS OF THE BODY
3. eyebrow c. щока AND ORGANS.
4. eye d. долоня
5. nose e. лоб SYMPTOMS AND
6. ear f. коліно
7. cheek g. спина SICKNESSES
8. mouth h. стегно
9. chin i. талія Activity 1. Look at the picture, and match
10. jaw j. зап‘ястя the English words in the table with their
11. throat k. великий палець руки
Ukrainian equivalents. Learn the words.
12. chest l. голова
13. armpit m. плече
14. arm n. грудні клітка
15. elbow o. рот
16. breast p. живіт
17. waist q. ступня
18. stomach r. лікоть
19. wrist s. щиколотка
20. palm t. бік
21. thumb u. брова
22. finger v. шия
23. hip w. підборіддя
24. groin x. горло
25. thigh y. ніс
26. knee z. щелепа
27. calf aa. рука
28. big toe bb. груди
29. ankle cc. пахва
30. foot dd. пах
31. neck ee. литка
32. shoulder ff. сідниці
33. back gg. око
34. bottom hh. палець руки

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Activity 2. Find and write out 11 words. Translate them.

m o u t h r o a t k s a
g h d h i p a l m u t s
r k o u t k u e l b o w
o k d m c y m g i p m d
i t m b b k t a u t a f
n k n e e g l r t t c g
o f o r e h e a d y h h
s t n t a f y j u t t r
e y e b r o w a i s t u
a l c c x o h w h g o y
c i k v b t s f g h e j
f i n g e r n t h i g h

Activity 3. Read the words and match them with the Ukrainian equivalents:

1. heart a) печінка
2. lungs b) м‘яз
3. liver c) кістка
4. kidney d) серце
5. brain e) череп
6. bone f) кишківник
7. abdomen g) грудна клітка
8. intestine h) шлунок
9. rib cage i) легені
10. skull j) нирка
11. muscle k) черевна порожнина
12. stomach l) мозок

Activity 4. Underwrite the pictures:

________________ _________________ ________________ _______________

________________ __________________ _________________ ________________

________________ __________________ ________________ ________________

Activity 5. Read and translate the text about the main organs of the human body.
Write out all the unknown words if there are any.

Heart is a muscle about the size of our fist. It‘s located behind our rib cage and a little to the
left of the middle of our chest. The ribs let our heart be protected. That‘s why whenever we fall
down or get hit in the chest –our heart is safe. Our heart pumps the blood through the body,
through arteries and veins. They are like little robes in our body. The blood carries oxygen and
nutrients that body needs.

160
 Lungs make one of the largest organs of the body and they work to take fresh air and get the
body free from bad air and even talk. Lungs are like sponges. They look small but can take a
lot of air inside them. The lungs are supported by the largest muscle of the body – diaphragm.
When it goes up lungs contract to breathe out. When it goes down we breathe in and our lungs
expend. Lungs fulfill the body with the oxygen, which combines with food to make energy for the body.
Liver is right inside our abdomen under the rib cage and is very important for the body to be
alive. Liver is the largest organ in our body. By the time we are old it will be about the size of
a foot ball. The liver helps us take toxins out of our blood and clear it.
Kidneys are as important as a heart. You need at least one kidney to stay alive. Kidneys
normally come in pairs. Each kidney is about 13 centimeters long and 8 centimeters wide. It‘s
about the size of the computer mouse but bean shaped. We need kidneys to keep the water
level of the body, to clean the blood get the body free from the excess of water and different
chemicals.
Brain is kind of a boss of the body. It controls everything you do even you
are asleep. It gets and stores information and controls our movements. It‘s responsible for
thinking, speaking and doing complicated stuff like sums etc. We have it to balance and
move our muscles. Whatever we do brain makes sure our heart beating and breathing never
stop. All our feelings and emotions also come from our brain.
Stomach is a stretchy organ shaped like the letter g. It has three important jobs; 1) to store the
food we are eating; 2) to break down the food into a liquiding mixture; 3) empty this mixture
into the small intestine.

a) Make up the sentences with the underlined words using the Complex object.

b) Answer and discuss the following questions:

1. What are the functions of heart? Liver? Lungs? Stomach? Kidneys?
2. What organ in your opinion has the hardest role?
3. If you had a chance to become an organ what organ would you like to be and why?
4. What organ do you consider the most important and why?

Activity 6. Read the words with their translation, learn the words. Make up sentences
with every word using Complex Object.

1. symptom 1. симптом
2. broken 2. зламаний
3. ache (toothache/headache) 3. біль (зубний біль, головний біль)
4. swollen 4. опухлий
5. colic 5. гострий біль, кольки
6. to dizzy/dizziness 6. паморочитися/запаморочення
7. to feel sick 7. нудити
8. to fall ill/to come down with 8. захворіти
9. to sneeze 9. чхати
10. to cough 10. кашляти
11. to have fever 11. мати жар
12. to dislocate 12. вивихнути
13. a heart attack 13. серцевий напад
14. to have a high/law temperature 14. мати високу/низьку температуру
15. to injure 15. травмувати
16. to wound 16. поранити
17. running/stuffy nose 17. нежить/закладений ніс
18. to hurt 18. пошкодити
19. flu/influenza 19. грип
20. cold 20. застуда
21. inflammation 21. запалення
22. pneumonia 22. пневмонія/ запалення легень
23. sore throat 23. хворе горло
24. bruise 24. синець
25. nubbin 25. гуля
26. intoxication 26. отруєння

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Activity 7.Open the brackets, read and translate the sentences.

1. He‘s never (ламати) his legs.

2. He said he had been (мав жар) for two days that time.
3. Sam (травмувати плече) at the gym and now he has muscle (запалення).
4. (Головний біль) didn‘t let him read the book up to the end.
5. He felt (гострий біль) in his (правий бік). He had been fееling it for two days before he visited (лікар).
The doctor told him that he had (хвора печінка). He had eaten too much junk food and got the
(отруєння).
6. If you have (опухла щока) and (зубний біль) you must immediately go to the (стоматолог).
7. Yesterday Nick showed his (поранене коліно). When I saw it I (нудити).
8. My brother (пошкодити спину) when he lifted heavy bags.
9. (Пневмонія) is a very serious and dangerous (хвороба). It‘s very important to visit the doctor in time
and do (рентген легенів).
10. Mike woke up at three o‘clock a.m. He (почуватися хворим). He (болить горло, нежить, болить
голова). He took the thermometer to check (температуру). In two minutes he was sure he (мати жар).
Mike was so disappointed to catch (застуду) in the middle of summer.
11. Jack came into his sons‘ room and saw them watching the cartoon. When he looked on them he saw that
Bob had a big (гуля) on his (лоб) and Alex had a (підпухше праве око) and a purple (синець) under it.
That time Jack understood that boys hadn‘t been watching the cartoon the whole evening.
12. He (чхнути) so hard so got (запаморочення). That‘s why made a wrong step on the stair and
(вивихнути) his (ліва щиколотка).

Activity 8. Listen to the dialogue “Pain in the Chest” and write it down. Translate the
dialogue and learn. Act the dialogue out.

Activity 9. a) Read and translate the text.

FIGHT THE FLU

Influenza (flu) is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Serious outcomes of flu infection
can result in hospitalization or death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people
with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious flu complications. The best way to prevent the flu
is by getting vaccinated each year.
Signs and symptoms of flu:
 Fever;  Muscle or body aches;
 Cough;  Head aches;
 Sore throat;  Fatigue (very tired)
 Runny or stuffy nose;
HOW FLU SPREADS
Most experts believe that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough,
sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person
might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth,
eyes or possibly their nose.
PERIOD OF CONTAGIOUSNESS
You may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know
you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Most healthy adults may be able
to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7
days after becoming sick. Some people, especially young children and
people with weakened immune systems, might be able to infect others for an
even longer time.
COMPLICATIONS OF FLU
Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, dehydration, and worsening of
chronic medical conditions, such as asthma, or diabetes.
WHEN TO GET VACCINATED AGAINST SEASONAL FLU
Yearly flu vaccination should begin soon after flu vaccine is available, and ideally by October.
However, getting vaccinated even later can be protective, as long as flu viruses are circulating. The single
best way to prevent seasonal flu is to get vaccinated each year, but good health habits like covering your

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cough and washing your hands often can help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like
the flu. There also are flu antiviral drugs that can be used to treat and prevent the flu.
HABITS TO STOP THE FLU
1. AVOID CLOSE CONTACT. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting
sick, too.
2. STAY HOME WHEN YOU ARE SICK. If possible, stay home from work,
school when you are sick. You will help prevent others from catching your
illness.
3. COVER YOUR MOUTH AND NOSE. Cover your mouth and nose with a
tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting
sick.
4. CLEAN YOUR HANDS. Washing your hands often will help protect you from
germs. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub.
5. AVOID TOUCHING YOUR EYES, NOSE OR MOUTH. Germs are often spread
when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches
his or her eyes, nose, or mouth.
6. PRACTICE OTHER GOOD HEALTH HABITS. Clean and disinfect frequently
touched surfaces at home, work or school, especially when someone is ill. Get plenty
of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of liquid, and eat
nutritious food.

b) Find the English equivalents to the given Ukrainian words in the text. Write them
opposite.
1. вірус грипу
2. серйозні наслідки
3. певні захворювання
4. ускладнення після грипу
5. зробити вакцинацію
6. інкубаційний період
7. передавати
8. ослаблена імунна система
9. зневоднення
10. хронічні захворювання
11. циркулюють
12. протирання для рук на спиртовій основі

Activity 10. Answer the questions.

1. What is flu?
2. What are its symptoms?
3. What kinds of people are at high risk for flu complications? Why?
4. How does the flu spread?
5. How may you be able to pass on flu?
6. When should you get vaccinated against flu?
7. What are the ways not to get or not to pass flu?
8. What are the healthy habits not to come down with the flu?
9. What do you do to stay healthy?
10. How often do you get flu?
11. Do you have any habits to stop this disease?

Activity 11. a) Read and translate the words before working with the dialogue
1. bowels – кишечник
2. waterworks – сече спускна система
3. to drench – текти
4. to bring up phlegm – відхаркувати мокротиння

b) Listen to the dialogue write down the symptoms you‟ll hear in it;

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c) Try to define the illness it might be;

Activity 12. Find the information about the disease given by your teacher using the text
from activity 9 as the example.

AT THE DOCTOR’S OFFICE

Doctors are great as long as you don’t need them

E.Rosembaum

Activity 1. Read the epigraph. Express your opinion about it.

Activity 2. Answer the questions:

1. What traits of character must people have to occupy the profession of doctor?
2. Are you afraid of doctors? Why?
3. Have you ever had a dream to become a doctor? Why?
4. What does it mean to be an ideal doctor?
5. How do you understand the expression that the best doctor of ours is inside us?

Activity 3. Read the words with the translation. Learn them.

1. to treat 1. лікувати
2. to examine 2. обстежувати
3. to call the doctor 3. викликати лікаря
4. to call the ambulance 4. викликати швидку допомогу
5. to monitor 5. контролювати
6. to take the temperature 6. міряти температуру
7. to give a prescription 7. виписувати рецепт
8. to put a bandage 8. накладати пов‘язку
9. to apply gypsum 9. накладати гіпс
10. to get tested 10. здати аналізи
11. to make an injection/a shot 11. зробити укол
12. a pill 12. пігулка
13. mixture 13. мікстура
14. syrup 14. сироп
15. an emergency room 15. кімната невідкладної допомоги
16. maternity ward 16. пологове відділення
17. intense care unit 17. відділення інтенсивної терапії
18. a syringe 18. шприц
19. I. V. Drip 19. крапельниця
20. anesthesia 20. наркоз
21. to have a nap 21. дрімати (короткий сон)

Activity 4. Watch the video ”Hospital” and do the following tasks: a) Fill in the gaps in
the sentences

1. On the way to the hospital, in the ambulance the people who help you are called
_______________________________.
2. If you have to go to the hospital you are _____________________________.
3. The __________________________________ is the place that you wait till they can finally help you.
4. All____________________ are doctors but not all ___________________ are surgeons.
5. When you are in the ambulance in your flying to the hospital you are going to
the__________________________.
6. If there is a very serious problem they can send you to________________________________.

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7. To get some drugs they can send you to____________________________________________
8. __________________________ is specializing on the pregnant women or the women who have babies.
9. The patient who has one-day surgery is called _____________________________ and the patient who
has one or more nights is called _______________________________.
10. The look at the bones is called_______________________________.
11. The doctors use the ____________________________ to give you ___________________of medicine.
12. _______________________________ is the stuff that allows you to feel no pain. There are two kinds
of anesthesia ________________________ and____________________________.

b) Fill in the tables and explain the difference between the notions:

Hurt Pain

Ache Sore

Broken Fractured

Heart attack Stroke Cardiac arrest

c ) Answer the questions:

1. What is the difference between the doctor from the hospital and the paramedic?
2. What for do we need a waiting room in the hospital?
3. Why all the surgeons are doctors but not all the doctors are surgeons?
4. Where can the doctor send you if you have some serious problems with your health?
5. What can you buy in the pharmacy?
6. What specialization does the maternity ward have?
7. What is the difference between the outpatient and inpatient?
8. How can the doctors shot the patients medicine?
9. What is anesthesia? Name two types of it and explain the difference between them.
10. What is the main idea of the usage of the I. V. drip? How does it work?

Activity 5. Translate the sentences:

1. Вам потрібно викликати лікаря, щоб він обстежив і вилікував вас.

2. Боб біг до офісу так швидко, що упав і забив лоба. У нього одразу з‘явилася така гуля, що
довелося їхати до кімнати невідкладної допомоги. Лікар обстежив його, уколов йому анестетик і
сказав їхати додому і відпочити.
3. Виклич Майку швидку, щоб наклали йому гіпс.
4. Перед тим як виписати рецепт і контролювати ваш стан, лікар змусить вас здати аналізи. Потім
вам доведеться піти до аптеки, щоб купити всі необхідні ліки.
5. Де твоя мама? – Вона у лікарні. – Що сталося? – Мама готувала вечерю і спекла пальця.
Довелося їхати у лікарню, щоб їй поклали мазь на палець і наклали пов‘язку.
6. Відвези мене в лікарню. – Навіщо? – У мене нежить і болить голова. – Ти просто застудився. Я
відвезу тебе в лікарню, якщо у тебе буде висока температура. А зараз випий сироп і ось цю
таблетку і поспи.
7. Ти знаєш хто такі парамедики? – Так, це лікарі які надають першу допомогу.
8. Вона вагітна, але має проблеми з нирками. Вона перебуває у пологовому відділені зараз бо лікар
призначив їй крапельниці.
9. Наркоз це така річ, яка не дозволяє тобі відчувати біль під час операцій.

Activity 6. a) Familiarize yourself with the information given below about the doctors
and the organs or body parts they treat.

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 General physician a doctor who offers treatment for mild conditions;
Anesthesiologist administers drugs and monitors patient condition during surgery;
Cardiologist specializes in heart and blood diseases;
Emergency physicians who care for patients with acute illnesses or injuries which require
medicine immediate medical attention;
Family medicine provides health care for the individual and family of all ages, both sexes, each organ
system, and every disease; a family physician's care is based on knowledge of the
patient in the context of the family and the community, emphasizing disease
prevention and health promotion;
Neurologist a neurologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of disease and
functions of the brain;
Gynecologis an obstetrician/gynecologist specializes in the medical and surgical care of the
female reproductive system and its associated disorders;
Otolaryngologist the technical name for an ear, nose and throat physician;
Pediatrician a child's physician who provides preventive health maintenance for healthy children
and medical care for children who are acutely or chronically ill;
Dermatologist this is a doctor that treats any illness related to the skin and its appendages such as
hair, nails etc.
Surgeon a surgeon is a doctor that specializes in surgical operations and will have their own
specialties such as orthopedic, brain, nuro, cardiovascular, plastic surgery, and
transplant surgery.

b) Translate and explain what each doctor does. What other doctors do you know?
What do they treat?

Activity 7. Listen to the dialogue “At the Doctor‟s Office”, write it down, learn it and
define the grammar tenses used in each phrase.

Activity 8. Listen and translate the dialogue, intone, learn and role-play it.

1. To bend one‘s toe back – зігнути пальці (на нозі)

2. To roll over – перевертатись

Doctor: Would you like to get onto the couch and lie on your back, please? Now I‘m going to take your left
leg and see how far we can raise it. Keep the knee straight. Does it hurt at all?
Patient: Yes, just a little. Just slightly.
Doctor: Can I do the same with the leg? How far will this one go? Not very far. Now let‘s see what happens
if I bend your toes back.
Patient: Oh, that‘s worse.
Doctor: I‘m going to bend your knee. How does that feel.
Patient: A little better.
Doctor: Now let‘s see what happens when we straighten your leg again.
Patient: That‘s sore
Doctor: I‘m just going to press behind your knee.
Patient: Oh, that hurts a lot.
Doctor: Where does it hurt?
Patient: In my back.
Doctor: Right. Now would you roll over onto your tummy? Bend your right knee. How does it feel?
Patient: It‘s a little bit sore.
Doctor: Now I‘m going to lift your thigh off the couch.
Patient: Oh, that really hurts.

Activity 9. Make up your own dialogues using various symptoms specific to certain
disease, ask your partner about the exact disease.

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 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN
MEDICINE
Activity 1. Match the English and the Ukrainian equivalents.

1. astonishing things a. - дивовижні речі

2. pioneering technology b. - новаторські технології
3. sheer staggering effort c. - надзвичайні зусилля
4. pumped efficiently d. - ефективно перекачувати
5. to keep one‘s blood flowing e. - підтримувати кровообіг
6. to crawl into f. - запускати в
7. precise in g. - точний в
8. a persistent vegetative state h. - постійний вегетативний стан
9. twitch i. - судоми
10. restoring sight to the blind j. - відновлювати зір сліпим
11. miracle cure k. - дивовижне лікування
12. to be capable of l. - здібний до
13. machine implant m. – механічний імплант
14. stem cells n. стовбурові клітини
15. dilated cardiomyopathy o. розширена кардіоміопатія
16. to perform surgery p. оперувати
17. obtrusively q. безпечно
18. to be tethered r. бути підключеним

Activity 2. a) Read and translate the text

Over the last 150 years, the field of medicine has accomplished many astonishing things. Some of
these medical achievements are well-known and celebrated — antibiotics, vaccines, and organ transplants,
for example. This is a list of ten recent success stories in the world of medical science, which—whether
through pioneering technology or sheer staggering effort — has
accomplished things that most people would have thought miraculous just a
few generations ago.
SURVIVING WITHOUT A HEART
On July 2, 2008, fourteen-year-old D‘Zhana Simmons from South
Carolina was given a heart transplant. She suffered from a condition called
dilated cardiomyopathy, which meant that her heart was weakened and
her blood wasn‘t being pumped efficiently. Her new heart failed to
function properly, so doctors fitted two pumps to keep her blood flowing
while she recovered before surgery — and, remarkably, while they went looking for a new heart. It was
almost four months later, on October 29, that another transplant was carried
out, this time successfully. In total, she‘d lived without a heart for 118 days.
This is thought to be the longest a pediatric patient has been kept alive without
any heart at all.
ROBOT SURGEONS
Scientists have built a robot that is designed to crawl into the body like
a snake to perform surgery. The advantages of a robot over a surgeon are
twofold: firstly, it can be smaller than the arm and hand of a surgeon, and can therefore reach places less
obtrusively. Secondly, it can be more accurate and precise in what it does; the most advanced models
contain tiny sensors. The robot must be tethered to a power source in order to function, but the inventors
foresee a time when it will be able to work independently inside the patient‘s body.
WAKING PEOPLE FROM COMAS
In 1999, a patient in a persistent vegetative state due to a motor
accident was seen to be twitching by one of his nurses. His doctor
prescribed a common sleeping pill, zolpidem, in case this twitching was
caused by discomfort. The doctor crushed it on a spoon, fed it to the
patient, and was shocked when just half an hour later, the comatose
person made a noise for the first time in five years. This simple treatment

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has since been tried with several other patients, with marvelous results. Scans have shown that areas of the
brain that previously appeared black and dead will light up after the pill is given. Not all patients respond —
in fact, around forty percent don‘t show any improvement — but those who are successfully rescued from
their comas are finally able to acknowledge their loved ones, and even have conversations.
RESTORING SIGHT TO THE BLIND
Restoring sight to the blind is an archetypal miracle cure, one of
Jesus‘ most famous feats, and about as life-changing a procedure as
science may be capable of. Blindness is not a single, uniform condition;
it can be variously caused by problems in the eyes, the nerves, and the
brain. There is no cure-all for blindness, but there are certain medical
techniques which are providing more impressive outcomes every day.
Thanks to machine implants, people who were completely blind
sometimes become capable of distinguishing colour, and describing
faces, food, and objects.Doctors were also able to restore sight to a man who had been blind for forty-three
years; they did this with the help of stem cells, one of the most promising fields in medicine.
Neither of these treatments are yet perfect, but they show what science may be capable of in the future.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What are the most well-known achievements in the modern medicine?
2. What has happened to D‘Zhana Simmons from South Carolina? What treatment did she get?
3. What are the advantages of the robot surgery? What can the doctors‘ do with its help?
4. What was the name of the medicine which helped people to come out of coma?
5. Could that medicine help all the patients?
6. What ways of treatment could doctors propose to blind people?
7. Could the blind see everything clearly using the implants only?
8. What is one of the most promising fields of the medicine?

Activity 3. Find some other interesting facts about the inventions in the medicine and
present them to your group mates.

Activity 4. Translate the sentences into English

1. Лікарі думали, що механічні імпланти допоможуть йому відновити зір.

2. Використання стовбурових клітин вважається одним з найбільш ефективних методів у сучасній
медицині.
3. Він і не сподівався, що лікар припише йому ліки від судом, які мучили його довгий час.
4. Вона була впевнена, що хірурги використають новаторські технології під час операції і це
покращить стан її здоров‘я.
5. Медсестра помітила як він докладав надзвичайні зусилля, щоб накласти гіпс пацієнту.
6. Я бачив як вона повзла по підлозі, тому подумала що в неї був серцевий напад.
7. Хірурги розуміли що їй необхідно запустити клапан (a pump) в серце, щоб відновити кровообіг.
8. Лікарі розуміли, що пацієнт перебував у постійному вегетативному стані, а його родичі
витратили купу грошей на лікування.

Activity 5. Watch the video “Medical Revolution” and do the following tasks.

a) Read the words and word combinations with the translation:

1. а variedly stage - інший ступінь/стадія
2. to enjoy life to the fore – насолоджуватись життям в повній мірі
3. to explore the entire body – обстежувати все тіло
4. severe symptoms – серйозні симптоми
5. the knowledge of dna - знання днк
6. more target orientated treatment – більш цілеспрямоване лікування
7. personalize treatment – персональне спілкування
8. more precise diagnoses – більш точні діагнози
9. the highest success rate – найвищій рівень успішності

b) Choose the correct variant while watching the video:

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1. In the future medicine will change your life even more and doctors will be able to predict…
a) which drug is best for you
b) which illness you have
c) how many illnesses you have in the organism
2. A full body scan and high technology scan is used to…
a) prescribe the necessary drugs
b) explore the entire body and digitize the images
c) treat serious diseases
3. The knowledge of DNA allows us to understand…
a) the causes of the diseases
b) the way the person were infected
c) the doctor we need to go to
4. The use of the DNA chip is based on …
a) the knowledge of the doctors
b) the knowledge of the human diseases
c) the knowledge of the human genome
5. These researches can predict whether…
a) you need attend the doctor or not
b) the illness you have can be treated
c) the drug will or won‘t work
6. Doctors will use the DNA chips to
a) the date of the human‘s death
b) to distinguish the exact illness
c) examine patient and come to diagnoses
7. The final result is …
a) a longer life
b) more quality of life
c) the definite treatment to each patient

c) Answer the questions:

1. Do you think that the usage of the DNA chips will be available in future?
2. In what way can it help people?
3. In what way the usage of the DNA chips can help doctors?
4. What can be the final result of using the DNA chips?
5. Have you ever met the people who tried the pioneering technologies in medicine? What was the result?

Activity 6. Work with the idioms. Match each idiom with its explanation.

1. a bitter pill to swallow a) a situation that is unpleasant but must be accepted

2. bag of bones b) an extremely thin person
3. clean bill of health c) to continue to be well, healthy or successful
4. a pain in the neck d) when something annoys you
5. sick as a dog e) have a report or certificate declaring that their health is satisfactory
6. alive and kicking f) to be sick
7. nurse someone back to health g) safe without injury or damage
8. safe and sound h) to look after a sick person until he recovers

Activity 7. Exchange the sentences using the idioms.

1. Don't worry about your grandfather; he is well and healthy.

2. He's turning into a very thin person. He lost so much weight.
3. He is fortunate to have such a caring wife. She was glad to take care of him.
4. The kids returned from the excursion without any bruisers or other injuries.
5. After the disappointment and defeat to accept bankruptcy was quite a normal thing for him.
6. The head of this company was given some important papers that confirmed that he was in the perfect
health.
7. My little sister won't leave me alone. She's a real bore.
8. Sally was in really in bad conditions and couldn't go to the party.

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Activity 8. Write a crammed story with the idioms from activity 6 and be ready to
present it to your group mates.

Activity 9. Listen to the dialogues and try to translate them synchronically.

Activity 10. Make up the project. Imagine that you are working as a doctor at the
hospital. Describe the conditions you work in (Your room, the stuff that works with you,
your responsibilities)

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UNIT 10__________________________________________________________________________________

Tell me what you pay attention to and I will tell you who you are.
Joy Ortega y Gasset

The aim of education is the knowledge not of facts but of values

William Ralph Inge

Activity 1. Comment on the quotes. Agree or disagree on them.

Activity 2.Think and answer the following questions.

1. What do you think, what ―value‖ means?

2. What values can you name?
3. What`s the main value of your life?

Activity 3. Match the English words with Ukrainian equivalents.

1. courtesy a. любов
2. loyalty b. мир
3. generosity c. відповідальність
4. honesty d. лояльність
5. love e. цілісність, єдність
6. compassion f. віра
7. faith g. довіра
9. integrity h. повага
10. peace i. щедрість
11. trust j. справедливість
12. freedom k. співчуття
13. respect l. свобода
14. justice m. чемність; ввічливість
15. responsibility n. чесність
16. dedication o. відданість

Activity 4. Watch the video “What are values?”, write down the meaning of the word
“values” and put the sentences into the correct order.

1. If you like spending time by yourself then you value being alone.
2. Your values are the ideas and thoughts that are important to you.
3. It‘s up to you to decide what you believe is right.
4. Usually you decide between what you like or you don‘t like.
5. If you think that friends are important then you value friendship.
6. If you wanna talk over you problems with others, then you value their ieas and opinion.
7. When you decide that something is important to you, you make a value decision.

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Activity 5. Match words with their definitions.

CORE VALUES
1. courtesy a. to be nice with others
2. responsibility b. to live without hostilities
3. justice c. to be able to handle your obligations
4. respect d. to live under a good ethical code
5. freedom e. to be someone who gets other‘s confidence
6. trust f. to be able of give
7. peace g. to have strong belief
8. integrity h. to decide what you want without pressure
9. faith i. to be fair in your decisions
10. compassion j. to care about others‘ conditions
11. love k. to live with other showing tolerance
12. honesty l. to have a transparent behaviour
13. generosity m. do not betray others
14. loyalty n. to have feeling and care about others

Activity 6. Watch the video “Values matter”:

a) write all values that are mentioned in the video.
b) finish the sentences.
1. Values matter because the society is _______________________.
2. The society is created _______________.
3. People are defined ____________________.
4. Our actions are dictated ________________.
5. Martin Luter King was thinking of hope ____________.
6. Mother Tereza showed love and ______________.
7. Values bring the change _____________.
8. It teaches us that understanding is better than ______________.
9. Values matter because ordinary people can do extraordinary things ___________________________.

с) translate the sentences:

1. Many men and women have portrayed these values through the lives.
2. Each of them is for a battle against a conflicting force.
3. They can enforce and save lives.
4. Feel love instead of hate. It can change a heart forever.
5. Values matter because we can inspire change.

Activity 7. Look at the grid of human values and sub values, translate them. Check your
translation after. What is the difference between human values and values of life?

GRID OF HUMAN VALUES AND SUB VALUES

Right Conduct Peace Truth Love Non-violance
Manners Patience Truthfulness Kindness Consideration
Heath Awareness Concentration Creativity Friendship Cooperation
Helpfulness Positiveness Honesty Forgiveness Global stewardship
Responsibility Self acceptance Determination Generosity Loyalty
Independence Self discipline Fairness Compassion Active Citizenship
Perseverance Thankfulness Trust Tolerance Justice
Courage Contentment Reflection Service Respect

Activity 8. Make up the list of your own values. Explain what they mean to you and
mention the most important for you.

Activity 9. You can see the school‟s core values. Read, translate them, discuss who in
your group owns them.

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Activity 10. Project work. You can see some sketches of values. Decode them and speak
about them. After that make your own sketch of values.

Activity 11. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Після цієї автомобільної катастрофи, він почав цінувати своє життя та близьких людей, тому що
зрозумів, що здоров‘я не купиш.
2. Найбільше всього вона цінує чемність, тому що люди, які володіють такою цінністю приємні у
спілкуванні.
3. Їхній шлюб тривав дуже довго, тому що він базувався на чесності, любові та мирі.
4. Володіючи співчуттям до важко хворих дітей, ми зможемо допомогти їм і навіть вилікувати.
5. Щоб зберегти єдність у суспільстві, президент має бути відповідальним та справедливим.
6. Віра у краще майбутнє призведе до того, що у людини буде чудове та щасливе майбутнє.
7. В наш час багатьом людям бракує поваги до літніх людей.
8. Якщо чоловік та дружина будуть мати довіру у своїх стосунках, вони матимуть міцну сім‘ю.
9. Коли дідусь зустрічає свого внука, він купує йому багато солодощів та багато іншого, тому що
він дуже щедрий.
10. Кожна людина має володіти чесністю, лояльністю та мати почуття свободи.

Activity 12. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Their conduct showed us helpfulness and courage and we understood we would have good relationships
with them.
2. My dreams have come true because I have determination to everything I do.
3. The police must have the feeling of non-violence while working.
4. After graduating from the university, he had self-acceptance that‘s why he found a well-paid job.
5. This manager lacks stewardship; I think he will be fired very soon.
6. If you are not indifferent to the result of your work, you should have some self-reflection.
7. If somebody have betrayed you, you should be patient and forgive.
8. When she moved to another city, she took active citizenship.
9. Having awareness of everything she read, she decided to amply it in her life.
10. If you belong to some team you should own cooperation.

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 THE TRUTH
Activity 1. Think and answer the following questions.

1. What is the truth?

2. Can people always tell only the truth?
3. Is the truth the same and common for everybody?
4. What do people mean when they say "truth differs"?
5. Have you ever lied before?
6. What does it mean a "white lie"? Would you ever tell a "white lie"?
7. In your opinion, why is honesty important?
8. When have you been lied to? How did you feel then?
9. Is there anyone you know who is completely honest all of the time?
10. Is there any way we can know for sure when somebody is lying to us?
11. If honesty is so important, why is it sometimes difficult to be honest?
12. When is it all right to just tell a "half-truth"?
13. Do you think a good worker should be fired if it is discovered he lied during his job interview? Why or
why not?

Activity 2. Listen to the song and do the tasks.

Zachary Pincus-Roth “White Lie”

a) fill in the gaps:

I say I'm _________ when I'm ______________.

My Uncle tells ____________ and I try to ___________
In gym I fake ___________, when I want to quit
I say I love the ___________ that my Grandma knit.
But that‘s a ____________ lie (white lie)
That's the kind you wanna _______________
A white lie (white lie)
So your mom won't have to ___________
A white lie (white lie)
Everybody does it cause it feels ___________________
and it's more _______________
But a lie is still __________, even when it's white

b) match parts of the sentences

I pretend I'm asleep but they're not too hot

I said I ate my chicken, when your mouth says you're not
Your face can say you're lyin‘ but I just ate the skin
Your pants are on fire, when my dad walks in

c) translate the words into English

When it's a white lie (white lie)

It's the kind you want to (розказати)______________
A white lie (white lie)
So your dad won't have to (кричати)_________________
A white lie (white lie)
(Кожен) _____________ does it, cause it feels alright
and it's more (ввічливо)_______________
but a lie's still a lie, even when it's white
While it might be (важко)___________, to say what's (правда)__________,
would you want a white lie told to you?

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d) fill in the gaps
But that‘s a white ___________ (white lie)
It's the kind you wanna ______________
A white lie (white lie)
So your ___________ won't have to yell
A white lie (white lie)
Everybody does it, cause it __________ alright
and it's more polite
But a lie‘s _________ a lie, even ____________ it's white…

e. learn the song

Activity 3. Read and discuss.

1. Your relative or close friend is sick of cancer. One of you thinks you must lie him and not to say him
about his disease, another thinks you shouldn‘t tell him all the truth, but you should hide this
information.
2. Your boyfriend/girlfriend has few months of life, but you don`t love him/her. What will you do? Will
you break up with him/her or be with this person the last days of his/her life.
3. Your friend accidently killed a man. Will you help him to hide and never tell anybody the truth or go to
the police?

Activity 4. Watch the video “Tell the truth, even if it‟s hard to do” and:
a) say whether the statements true or false and translate them.

1. One way to reduce the stress in your life is to tell the truth.
2. It doesn‘t feel good to be honest.
3. Telling the truth builds responsibility between partners, family and friends.
4. Trust leads to long-lasting relationships.
5. Sometimes telling the lie can be difficult to do, especially if you‘ve done something you are not proud of.
6. Telling the truth is important to be a better friend and partner.
7. If someone you care about is doing something harmful, try to be strong enough to approach that person
and say a lie.
8. This person needs to leave bad relationships.
9. Don‘t tell the truth and then you will be living your very best life.

b) Choose the correct variant.

1. One way …the stress in your life is to tell the truth.

a. to reduce b. to increase
2. It feels good to be …
a. clever b. honest
3. Telling the truth builds trust between …
a. friends and partners b. animals and insects
4. Trust leads to … relationships.
a. long-lasting b. short
5. Sometimes telling the truth can be difficult to do, especially if you‘ve done something you are not ….
a. proud of b. happy
6. Telling the truth is … to be a better friend and partner.
a. necessary b. important
7. If someone you care about is doing something …, try to be strong enough to approach that person and
say a lie.
a. harmful b. nice
8. This person needs to … bad relationships.
a. leave b. have
9. Tell the … and then you will be living your very best life.
a. story b. truth

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 FAMILY AND MARRIAGE
Activity 1. Read the newspaper article.

A MARRIAGE MADE IN HELL!

'We can get a good night's sleep now!' say Mr. and Mrs. Fish.
This is how Judge Margaret Pickles described the marriage of Patrick and Pauline Peters as she ordered
them to spend fourteen days in prison for rowing*.
THE COUPLE only married six months ago and already they are famous for their rows. Neighbours
complained that they could hear them shouting from the bus stop six hundred yards away. Mrs. Iris Fish,
who lives opposite, said, 'First I asked them nicely to stop because my baby couldn't get to sleep, but they
didn't. Then my husband knocked at their door and told them to stop, but still they didn't. They threw a chair
at him out of the window. It just missed him! So that was it! We rang the police and asked them to come
immediately.
Mr. and Mrs. Peters admitted they had been arguing. Mrs. Peters said that she had accused Mr. Peters of
wasting their money on drink and gambling. However, they denied throwing the chair. The judge clearly did
not believe them. She reminded them that they had already had two previous warnings from the police and
she told them that they would soon cool down in prison especially as they would be in separate prisons. She
advised them to talk to a marriage guidance counsellor.
Mr. and Mrs. Fish and their baby are looking forward to some sleep!
rowing* - догана

Activity 2. Who is speaking? Find the lines in the text that report the following.
1. 'You must go to prison for a fortnight.'
2. 'It's terrible. We can hear them shouting from the bus stop.'
3. 'Please, will you stop making that noise? My baby can't get to sleep.'
4. 'Stop making that noise!'
5. 'Please, can you come immediately?'
6. 'OK. It's true. We were arguing.'
7. 'You've been wasting our money on drink and gambling again!'
8. 'We didn't throw the chair.'
9. 'Remember that you have already had two warnings from the police.'
10. 'You'll soon cool down in prison.'
11. 'I think you should see a marriage guidance counsellor.'

Activity 3. Think and answer.

1. Do you consider this marriage to be normal? Explain your point of view.
2. What can you advise this married couple?
3. Would you like to have the same family life? Why yes/no?

Activity 4. Which verb can be used to report the direct speech in the sentences below?
Put a letter ''a - j'' in the box.
tell warn
ask beg
order refuse
invite advise
remind offer
a. 'Please can you translate this sentence for me?' Maria said to Mark.
b. 'Don't forget to send Aunt Maud a birthday card,' Mary said to her son.
c. 'Sign on the dotted line,' the postman said to me.
d. 'Please, please, please marry me. I can't live without you,' John said to Moira.
e. 'Please come to our wedding,' John said to his boss,
f. 'I'll pay for the next round,' Mark said.
g. 'Don't run round the edge of the swimming pool or you'll fall in' Mary said to her children.
h. 'I won't go to bed!' Bobby said,
i. 'You should talk to your solicitor,' Ben said to Bill.
j. 'Take that chewing gum out of your mouth immediately!' the teacher said to Jo.

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Activity 5. Grammar questions.

Four of the sentences a-j are commands or requests. Which are they? How are they reported in the text?
Which verbs are used to report them?
Which of the sentences below is a reported question? Which is a reported request?
I asked them to stop making a noise.
She asked me if I knew the time.
"Say" and "tell" are both used to report statements. How many other reporting verbs can you find in the
article?

Activity 6. Discuss the following questions with the class.

1. Should people get married? 4. What are the keys to happy marriage?
2. Why do people get married? 5. What are the reasons for breaking the relations?
3. What is the best age to become a wife and a 6. Is it necessary to save the marriage?
husband? 7. What should people do to save their marriage?

Activity 7. a) Read and translate the text, write out all the unknown words and learn
them.

Divorce doesn‘t happen by accident. It builds up slowly when people overlook the things that matter
most. Divorce almost never happens all of a sudden.
According to statistics of divorces in 46 countries Sweden occupies the last position and takes the
th
46 place and has 54.9% of divorces. The USA takes the pre-last place and has 54.8% of divorces.
Belarus takes the 44th place and has 52.9% of divorces. United Kingdom takes the 35th place and has
42.6%. As for Ukraine, it takes the 33d place and has 40.0% of divorces. A low number of divorces was
registered in Ukraine in 2010. The best ratio of the number of marriages to the number of divorces was
traditionally recorded in Zakarpattia region: there was one divorce for every four marriages in 2010.
Britain has the highest divorce rate in the European Union. The number of divorces in 2012 was highest
among men and women aged 40 to 44.
In the USA 41 percent of first marriages end in divorce. 60 percent of second marriages end in divorce.
73 percent of third marriages end in divorce.
There are top reasons for divorce in new marriages:
№1 You think you’re too good. One of spouses may feel like he/she is too good for the partner or
think he/she deserves someone better. So your spouse may have a lot of great qualities too, you only have to
take a look at them.
№2 You feel constrained. Sometimes a partner may feel that marriage holds back from achieving your
true potential. So you have to look for every opportunity to develop yourself.
№3 Lack of communication. Communication isn‘t just about talking to each other. Communication is
about understanding each other clearly and learning more about each other. Most couples talk, but don‘t
communicate. A relationship without good communication is a bomb waiting to explode.
№4 Expectations from each other. For many, marriage is the next step in the great way of life. But
that‘s not the case for everyone. When two lovers get married, they have expectations from each other and
the relationship. And at times, the expectations aren‘t mutual and end up distancing two people.
№5 Difference in cultural backgrounds. At the beginning, the differences in families and friends, and
different religious beliefs may seem cute and interesting. But in a few months of marriage you became
stressed by opposing thoughts.
№6 Your spouse doesn’t understand your needs or wants. We are individuals, we have our own
needs and wants from life. Sometimes a spouse doesn‘t understand your passion and interests in life.
№7 A sudden change in lifestyle. A marriage is a whole new life and a new lifestyle. If you haven‘t
moved in with each other, you may never understand the real issues of living together.
№8 Trust. Trust is very important in marriage. If you can‘t trust your spouse, you definitely can‘t have
a good marriage.
№9 Jealousy. Jealousy can be cute at first, but not if it leads to big fights or confusions.
№10 Incompatible personalities. At times, both of you may be two perfect individuals who are just
completely imperfect for each other. Both of you may share nothing in common and over time, you may find
that both of you are better off getting divorced and dating or marrying other people.

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b) Find the English equivalents to the Ukrainian ones from the text and make up a
crammed story with them.
1. the best ratio – ………………………………………………………………….………
2. one of spouses – ………………………………………………………………….…….
3. to feel constrained – ………………………………………………………………..…..
4. to hold back – ……………………………………………………………………..……
5. to achieve your true potential – …………………………………………………..…….
6. a bomb waiting to explode – ………………………………………………..…….……
7. to end up distancing two people – ……………………………………………………..
8. to become more stressed by opposing thoughts – ……………………………………..
9. the real issues of living together – ……………………………………………………..
10. incompatible personalities – …………………………………………………………

c) Write out all the sentences with modal verbs and define their meaning;

d) Add some more reasons for divorce and give the ways to save a marriage.

Activity 8. Read and translate some comic advice how to have a happy marriage.

SECRETS TO A LONG, HAPPY MARRIAGE!

 ―Two times a week, we go to a nice restaurant, have a little wine, some good food and companionship.
She goes on Tuesdays, I go on Fridays.‖
 ‖We also sleep in separate beds. Hers is in Florida and mine is in New York.‖
 ―I take my wife everywhere, but she keeps finding her way back.‖
 ―I asked my wife where she wanted to go for our anniversary. Somewhere I haven't been in a long time!"
she said. So I suggested the kitchen.
 ―We always hold hands. If I let go, she shops.‖
 ―She has an electric blender, electric toaster, and electric bread maker. Then she said, "There are too
many gadgets, and no place to sit down!" So I bought her an electric chair.
 ―My wife is on a new diet. Coconuts and bananas. She hasn't lost weight, but she can climb a tree now.‖
 ―She ran after the garbage truck, yelling,‖ Am I too late for the garbage?‖ The driver said, "No, jump in!"
and last but not least...‖
 ―She got a mud pack and looked great for two days. Then the mud fell off!‖

Activity 9. Think and answer.

1. Do you find these pieces of advice to be useful?
2. Which of them would you like to use in real life?
3. What do you think it is real to make some of them possible?
4. What kind of marriage would you like to have?

Activity 10. Role-play the dialogue.

1. One of you is a wife, another is a husband. You quarrel all the time, because the wife does all household
work, and the husband has little salary and it is not enough for life. Try to find some compromise and
solve the problem.
2. One of you is a psychologist, two of you are a husband and a wife. A wife and a husband always work.
Children are growing up by themselves. Try to solve the problem.
3. One of you is a wife, another is a mother-in-law. A mother-in-law always rules and controls a couple.
Partners are not satisfied with it. Try to solve a problem.
4. One of you is a wife, another is a sister. A sister has fallen in love with your husband. Try to solve the
problem.

Activity 11. Read the situation and prove your opinions.

The woman has got 2 children, but her husband drinks a lot. She doesn`t want to divorce, she is afraid to
stay alone and she doesn`t know what to do. What will you advise her?
Divide into two team: the first team must give all the arguments for saving marriage, the second one must
prove why she should leave him.

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Activity 12. Watch the video “Values of Marriage: Transparency” and
a) fill in the gaps.
1. We just go through the routines: _______________________________, taking showers, getting
dressed, _________________________, running to the office as fast as we can.
2. So today I want to give you _________ principles, that you can do. And we _________________ start
with value №1.
3. So __________ №1 is transparency.
4. You are living your life in such a way that it‘s _________________ especially with your spouse.
5. It‘s _____________________ for everything it comes behind it.
6. A type of transparency that creates ___________________, trust.
7. You know and they know who you really are __________________________.
8. I know people who have been married for thirty years, and they wake up in the morning and say:
―___________________________‖.
9. You spent so much time on your ______________ but not on ______________ that you don‘t know
even longer who the other person is. It‘s because you haven‘t started with foundation of living a
transparent __________.
b) translate the sentences into Ukrainian and make passive voice from them.
1. A type of transparency creates confidence and trust.
2. I live a transparent life.
3. We may marry to people who may necessarily know us.
4. Children have left the house.
5. You haven‘t started with foundation of living a transparent life.
c) answer the questions.
1. What do you understand by transparency?
2. Is transparency really so important?
4. Can marriage exist without transparency?
5. Do your parents lead a transparent life?
6. Do they spend much time on you or on each other?

Activity 13. a) Match the English equivalents with the English ones and learn them.
1. contemporary a. одностайність
2. policy elites b. фактично
3. to endorse c. значно
4. instilled d. докладно
5. rivals e. сучасний
6. notably f. політичні представники
7. consensus g. супротивник
8. virtually h. навієний
9. extensively i. нав‘язувати
b) Read and translate the text.
There are two views about the contemporary American family, one held by the public and the other by policy
elites. In his presidential campaign Bill Clinton [former US president] appeared to endorse the public‘s view. It
remains to be seen which view President Clinton will support. The public‘s view is this: the family is the place in
which the most basic values are instilled in children. In recent years, however these values have become less
secure, in part because the family has become weaker and in part because rivals for its influence - notably
television and movies - have gotten stronger. One way the family has become weaker is that more and more
children are being raised in one-parent families, and often that one parent is a teenage girl. Another way is that
parents, whether in one- or two-parent families, are spending less time with their children and are providing
poorer discipline. Because family values are so important, political candidates should talk about them, though it is
not clear that it is better for children if one parent stays home and does not work, even if that means having less
money.
No such consensus is found among scholars or policy-makers. That in itself is revealing. Beliefs about
families that most people regard as virtually self-evident are hotly disputed among people whose job is to study or
support families. A good example of the elite argument began last fall on the front page of The Washington Post,
where a reporter quoted certain social scientists as saying that the traditional two-parent family was not as
important for the healthy development of children as was once supposed. This prompted David Popenoe, a
professor at Risers who has written extensively on family issues, to publish in the New York times an opened
piece challenging the scholars cited in the Post. Popenoe supports the view that two-parent families are better than
single-parent families.
James Q. Wilson, American Studies.

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c) Give the title to the article.
d) Find the English equivalents in the text.
№ The Ukrainian word combinations and phrases The English equivalents
1 точка зору щодо сучасної американської сім‘ї
2 нав‘язувати точку зору широкого загалу
3 сімейні цінності
4 основні цінності
5 виховуватись у повній сім‘ї
6 забезпечувати гіршу дисципліну
7 одностайність
8 це само по собі показово
9 гаряче дискутування
10 традиційна повна сім‘я
переконання, що гаряче обговорюються
11
серед людей
12 здоровий розвиток дітей

e) Make a crammed story with underlined words.

f) Discuss the following talking points.
1. What views are there about contemporary American family?
2. Why have the most basic values become less secure?
3. What do Americans think about spending time with their children?
4. What do American scholars and policy makers debate about?
5. What is your opinion of the problems raised in the text?

Activity 14. Make up a project about a contemporary Ukrainian family. Present it to

your group mates.

PEACE AND FREEDOM

Activity 1. Read the quotes and express your opinion.

1. Freedom means that no one can stop you from doing what is right, or persuade you to do what is wrong.
– Dadi Janki
2. Freedom is the oxygen of the soul. – Moshe Dayan
3. Better to die fighting for freedom then be a prisoner all the days of your life. – Bob Marley
4. Nothing, Everything, Anything, Something: If you have nothing, then you have everything, because you
have the freedom to do anything, without the fear of losing something.‖ – Jarod Kintz

Activity 2. Listen to the song, do the tasks and say what this song is about and learn
it.

Matisyahu - One Day

a) Translate the words.
Sometimes I lay under (місяць) ______________
And I thank God I (дихати) ______________
Then I (молитися) _____________ don't take me soon
Cause I am here for (причина) ______________

Sometimes in my (сльози) ______________ I drown

But I never let it get me down
So when negativity (оточувати) _____________
I (знаю) _____________ someday it'll all turn around because

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b) Put the lines in correct order.
___ For the people to say
___ That we don't want to fight no more
___ And our children will play
___ All my life I been waiting for
___ They'll be no more wars
___ I've been prayin for
One day

c) Fill in the gaps.

It's not about ____________ cause we all lose when they feed on the souls of the innocent ____________
drenched pavement keep on moving though the waters stay raging and in this life you may lose your way, it
might ____________________ but don't let it phase you no way

Sometimes in my tears I _________

But I _________ let it get me down
So when _____________ surrounds
I know _____________ it'll all turn around because

All my life I been _________________

I've been prayin for
For the people to say
That we don't want ____________ no more
They'll be __________________
And our children will play

One day

One day this all will change

________ people the same
Stop with the _____________ down with __________ one day we'll all be free and proud to be under the
same sun singing songs of ______________ like…

d) Match parts of the sentences.

All my life to say
I've been no more wars
For the people will play
That we don't want to fight no more
They'll be prayin for
And our children I been waiting for
One day

Activity 3. Decode the scheme, write the words with translation. Say in what way you
understand them.

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Activity 4. Rewrite the following sentences, using reported speech.

1. They said: ―We were very happy about freedom of that country.‖
2. He told me: ―I am a responsible girl.‖
3. The girl says: ―I must teach children justice.‖
4. She asked me: ―How many children have a contemporary American family got?‖
5. John asks: ―Are there any moral values in our society?‖
6. Tim answered: ―If you raise your children in a two-parent family, the most basic values will be instilled
in them.‖
7. They say: ―We have never heard such an interesting public view.‖
8. She said: ―I have been taking part in presidential campaign for two weeks.‖
9. Mark said: ―We have a traditional two-parent family.‖
10. The teacher said: ―Don't tell me about family problems.‖

Activity 5. Underline the best option and translate the sentences.

1. The book was published/published in 2010.

2. My parents will lend/will be lent me some money to buy a new car.
3. It is said/says that some sports involve serious risks.
4. Many workers have been made/have made a lot of production recently.
5. My father was bought/ bought me a CD.
7. Fewer letters are written/write nowadays.
8. The TV presenter has been made/has made lots of mistakes today.
9. Where are you being lived/are you living?
10. My children are liked/like pasta.
11. Emails are sent/send more and more.

Activity 6. Write an essay about values of your life.

MONEY
Activity 1. Do the test “How Careful are You with Money?”

1. When you get a present of money (e.g. for your birthday), how much of it do you save?
a) all of it
b) some of them
с) most of it
d) none of it
2. How many of the following things did you buy last month?
jeans, a CD, a computer game, a T-shirt
a) none of them
b) some of them
c) most of them
d) all of them
3. When you go out with your friends, how much money do you take with you?
a) none
b) not very much
c) quite a lot
d) all the money I have
4. If you see two things in a shop you really like, do you buy?
a) neither of them
b) one of them
c) sometimes both of them
d) always both of them
5. Someone asks you to give something to a charity that you like, how much money do you give?
a) none
b) a little
c) quite a lot
d) all the money I've got with me

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Answer Key:
Mainly ‗a‘ answers: you are very careful with money!
Mainly ‗b‘ answers: you are quite careful with money!
Mainly ‗c‘ answers: you aren‘t very careful with money!
Mainly ‗d‘ answers: you are generous but need to take more care with your money!

Activity 2. Put all, both, none or neither in the gaps and translate the text.

I'm not very careful with money. I spend (1)_____of it very fast and save (2)_____of it. (3)_____my parents
get angry with me, especially my dad. And now (4)_____of my parents give me presents of money. But I'm a
very happy person.(5)_____my friends like me and (6)_____of them say I'm mean.

Activity 3. Read, translate the article and do the tasks:

a) Fill in the gaps with the following sentences.

a) they were furious! e) what the money would do to us!
b) we feel at home f) it seems fantastic!
с) it is tempting to move to a bigger house g) most of their money will be frittered away
d) 'nothing but misery' h) if you lent him some money,

WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?WE DO!

The National Lottery creates a millionaire every week in Britain. Maybe this turns you green with
envy, but what is it actually like to wake up one day with more money than you can imagine?
Nearly all of us have fantasized about winning the big prize in The National Lottery. We dream about
what we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about (1) _________________.
For most of us, our way of life is closely linked to our economic circumstances. This is where we
belong and where (2) ________________.
For example, most people like the idea of not having work, but winners have found that without work
there is no purpose to their day, and no reason to get up in the morning. (3) _________________ in a
wealthy neighbourhood but, in so doing, you leave old friends and routines behind.
Winners are usually advised not to publicize their address and phone number, but charity requests and
begging letters still arrive. If they are not careful, (4) __________________ lawyers' fees to protect them
from demanding relatives, guards to protect their homes.
People who get it wrong
There are many stories about people who can't learn how to be rich. In 1989, Val Johnson won £850,000
on the pools. Immediately, she went on spending spree that lasted four years and five marriages. She is now
penniless, alone. 'I'm not a happy person.' she says 'Winning money was the most awful thing happened to
me.'
Then there is the story of Alice Hopper, who says that her £950,000 win four years ago brought (5)
___________________. She walked out of the factory where she worked, and left a goodbye note for her
husband оn the kitchen table. She bought herself a villa in Spain, and two bars (one a birthday present for her
eighteen-year-old son). After three months, her son was killed while riding a motorbike which his mother
had also bought for him. She found the bars more and more difficult to run. She now sings in a local Karaoke
bar to earn money for groceries. 'I wish I was still working in the factory,' she says.
'It won't change us!'
That‘s what all winners say when they talk to reporters and television cameras as they accept the cheque
and the kisses from a famous film star. And some winners, like Malcolm Price, really mean it. He refused to
change his way of life when he won £2.5 million. The next Saturday night, he went to his local pub as
always, and as usual he didn't buy his friends a drink. (6) ____________________. He is a lonely man now,
too.
Imagine you are an average family and you have just won 1£million. At first (7) __________________.
Just by picking up the phone you can get the toilet seat fixed, and the leak in the roof repaired — all the
problems that have been making life miserable. 'But, it won't change us, darling,' you say to your wife. 'Yes,
it will!' she insists. 'I want it to change us. It will make life better! It'll be brilliant!'
Already the children are changing. Just this morning they were ordinary kids. Now they are demanding
computer games, CD players, motorbikes ... In the first week you receive two thousand letters advising you
how to spend your money, either by investing it or giving it to good causes.

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 'But darling,' you say, 'we haven't received one penny of this money yet! What about the broken toilet
seat? What about the leaking roof? What about me?'
The next day you get a begging letter from a man who won the lottery a year ago. He tells you how he
spent £2,000,000 in three weeks. He says (8) _______________________, he could start his life all over
again. You begin to think that winning a fortune brings more problems than it solves! You realize that you
are quite fond of the broken toilet seat and the leaking roof after all.
A final thought
When you buy your lottery ticket, or do the football pools, just stop for a minute and ask yourself why
you're doing it. Do you actually want to win? Or are you doing it for the excitement of thinking about
winning?

b) Translate word combinations and make up a dialogue with them.

1. our economic circumstances – ………………………………………………………………….

2. no reason to get up in the morning – ……………………………………………………………
3. to leave smth. behind – …………………………………………………………………………
4. to spend spree that lasted four years – ……………………………………………………….…
5. to be penniless – ………………………………………………………………………………..
6. to make life miserable – ………………………………………………………….……….……
7. to fantasize about winning the big prize – ………………………………………………….….
8. to be closely linked – ………………………………………………………………………..…
9. to publicize smb‘s address and phone number – ………………………………………………
10. begging letters – ……………………………………………………………………..…………
11. to happen to smb. – …………………………………………………………….………………
12. to walk out of the factory – ………………………………………………….…………………
13. to demand smth. – …………………………………………………………………..…………
14. to win a fortune – ………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write out sentences with the gerund from the text.

d) Say whether the statements true or false.

1. None of us have fantasized about winning the big prize in The National Lottery.
2. Winners have found that without work there is no purpose to their day.
3. There is only one true story about people who can't learn how to be rich.
4. 'Winning money was the most awful thing happened to me.' says Alice Hopper.
5. Alice‘s son was killed while riding a motorbike which his mother had also bought for him.
6. When you buy your lottery ticket, or do the football pools, just stop for a minute and ask yourself why
you're doing it.

e) Answer the questions.

1. Does the magazine article talk more about the positive side of winning a lot of money, or the negative
side?
2. How can a large amount of money affect ...... our studying / work? ... our home? ... our friends?
3. How does the article say money can be 'frittered away'?
4. The following groups are mentioned in the article: charities, relatives, lawyers, security guards,
psychotherapists. Which of them is speaking in the following lines?
 'Tell me about your relationship with your father.'
 'Twenty pounds will feed a family for a month. Please give generously.'
 'Now, John, you know you've always been my favourite nephew.'
 'Sorry, sir. You can't go any further without permission.'
 'I strongly advise you to take them to court.'
5. Give three facts each about the lives of Val Johnson, Alice Hopper, and Malcolm Price. Why are they
all mentioned?
6. In the imaginary family that has won £1 million, who says, 'It won't change us'? Who says, I want it to
change us'?
7. What do the children want to have? What does the neighbour want?

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Activity 4. Read and translate the text.

"Who Wants to be a Millionaire?

I don't", says Charles Gray
Sixteen years ago, Charles was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of $2
million. Today he lives in a small caravan where there is only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no
signs that Charles was a rich man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees. Charles grows some
vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops. But this
change is not a tragedy. Charles was happy to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being a
person who had everything in a world where many people have nothing. He made the choice to give all his
money away. And this, he says, has brought him happiness.
'A few years ago,' says Charles, 'I was a millionaire, but I knew there were a lot of hungry people in the
world.' So he gave away all his money to charities. When he had two thousand dollars left, he gave away
small bank notes in the streets of local poor areas. Did he feel like Santa? 'It was a lot of fun,' says Charles.
Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries.
However, most people never make much money. Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that
having only a little money makes you free. Are there any things he misses? 'No, I'm much happier now. I
wouldn't go back to being rich for anything - no way.'

Activity 5. Read the article. Decide if the statements below are true (T), false (F) or
there is no information (Nl).
1. Charles Gray was a rich businessman.
2. He hasn't got a TV in his caravan.
3. He has got a vegetable garden.
4. Charles gave his money away to poor people.
5. People thought he was crazy when he gave away small bank notes in the street.
6. He was happier when he was rich.

Activity 6. Match the verbs from the text with the correct meaning, translate them and
find the sentences with these word combinations in the text.

1. to give away a) to return

2. to drop out b) to stop doing something
3. to give up c) to change or leave a lifestyle
4. to go back d) to give someone something you don't need
5. to be tired of smth. e) to decide
6. to make much money f) to earn much money
7. to make a choice g) in need of sleep or rest

Activity 7. Translate the sentences.

1. Він вирішив заробити багато грошей, тому що їхня сім‘я була бідною.
2. Після того як повернувся з подорожі, він покинув працювати на фабриці.
3. Поки він давав гроші цьому бідному чоловікові, злочинець грабував його будинок.
4. Вона втомиться прибирати кімнату до вечора!
5. Коли вони ввійшли в кімнату, ми розмовляли про наш матеріальний стан.
6. Його сестра померла і він сказав, що у нього немає причини жити.
7. Його брат зрадив свою дружину і всі забули про це, окрім дружини.
8. У них будуть розваги до наступного літа.
9. Витрата грошей зробить її життя нещасним.
10. Її батьки фантазували про виграш великої нагороди цілий місяць поки їм не сказали, що це
неможливо.
11. Її запитали, що трапилося з нею минулого вечора.
12. Листи прохання відправили мені, перед тим як я виграв багато грошей у національній лотереї.

Activity 8. Complete the table with these words from the text. Then add more nouns to
the table.

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 dollars, house, money, fun, caravan, areas, worries, happiness

uncountable nouns countable nouns

Money Dollars
...………………………………… ...…………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………

Activity 9. Complete this interview with Paul McCinty, a millionaire. Choose and underline
the correct word from the brackets and learn the dialogue.

Journalist: How (1) (much/many) houses have you got?

MrMcGinty: Well, I haven't got (2) (much/many). I've only got (3) (a few/a little) - one in Monaco, one in
Paris, and one in New York.
Journalist: Are there (4) (some/any) things in the world that you haven't got?
MrMcGinty: Actually, there are (5) (no/some) things I haven't got. I need (6) (some/any) furniture for my
Scottish castle. It's difficult to find.
Journalist: How (7) (many/much) money have you got exactly?
MrMcGinty: Well, that's a difficult question. I'm a busy man. I've got (8) (no/some) time to count it.
Journalist: Do you think people with (9) (a lot of/many) money are happier than poor people?
MrMcGinty: No, I don't. (10) (any/some) rich people I know are miserable. Other people I know, with only
(11) (a few/a little) money are often a lot happier. But I'm happy because I've got (12) (a little/a lot of)
friends.

Activity 10. Role-play the dialogue.

Your friend asks you to borrow him money for something serious, but you don`t want, because you know
that he doesn`t repay debts. At the same time you don`t want to offend him. Try to refuse him correctly.

Activity 11. Look at the list below. What is important for you? Why? Tell the class.
• to have lots of money/a good job/a big car
• to be healthy/in love with my family/with my friends
• to help other people

Activity 12. Read, discuss, translate literary and learn the poem.

It can buy you a House, but not a Home
It can buy you a Bed, but not Sleep
It can buy you a Clock, but not Time,
It can buy you a Book, but not Knowledge
It can buy you a Position, but not Respect
It can buy you Medicine, but not Health
It can buy you Blood, but not Life
It can buy you a human, but not Love,
So you see, money isn't everything.

Activity 13. Watch the video “Money”, fill in the gaps, read, translate this dialogue and
make up your own dialogue.

Susan: Hey! ______________?

Kate: ______________, what I‘ve found!
Susan: Money! How much is it?
Kate: I don‘t know. I haven‘t ______________ yet.
Susan: So?
Kate: £______________.
Susan: Where did you ______________ ?
Kate: Just outside the ______________.
Susan: Where are you going?
Kate: To the ______________ to hand it in.
Susan: You ______________ do that!
Kate: Why?
Susan: Because you should ______________ it.
Kate: Why?

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Susan: Because I said so.
Kate: ―Because I said so.‖ What are you about? Maybe somebody is looking for it right now.
Susan: I don‘t ______________!
Kate: I don‘t care! Give that back and I will go to the police station.
Susan: No, no!
Ann: Oh, where did you get that money?
Kate: She found it just outside.
Ann: What are you going to do with it? We should share it. We should buy some drink.
Kate: No, no! You know what‘s gonna happen. You think you can spend this money.
Jane: What‘s going on? Where did you get that?
Susan: She found just ______________.
Jane: What are you going to ______________ with it?
Kate: to bring to the police station.
Susan, Ann: To share it.
Jane: No, no. ______________ !
Susan: Why?
Jane: I go to see if ______________ came back to look for it.
Susan: I‘m going to see what she is ______________! … You know…, she‘s gone…, I ______________
she‘s taken the money.
Kate, Ann: Noooooo!

Activity 14. Listen to the song and do the tasks.

ABBA “MONEY MONEY MONEY”

a) fill in the gaps.
I work all ____________, I work all
___________, to pay the bills I have to
____________
Ain't it sad
And still there never seems to be a ___________
penny left for me
That's too __________
In my dreams I have a ____________
If I got me a _____________ man
I wouldn't have to work at all, I'd fool around and
have ______________

b) fill in the gaps with the following

words.
Money, money______________
Must be ______________
In the rich ________________ funny
Money, money, money sunny
Always ________________ money
In the rich man's world man's world
Aha-ahaaa could do
All the things I _____________ a little money
If I had ___________________
It's a rich man's world

c) translate the words into English.

A man like that is hard to find but I can't get him off (мої думки) _____________
Ain't it (сумно) _________________
And if he happens to be (вільний) ______________ I bet he wouldn't fancy me
That's too (погано) _______________
So I must leave, I'll (потрібно їхати) ________________
To Las Vegas or Monaco
And (розбагатіти) _______________ in a game, my (життя) _______________ will never be the same...

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d) fill in the gaps.
Money, ____________, money
______________ funny
In the _______________ man's world
Money, money, money
_______________ sunny
In the rich man's ______________
Aha-ahaaa
_______________ I could do
If I had ____________ money
It's a rich man's ______________

e) learn the song.

LOVE
Activity 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is love in your opinion?

2. How do people fall in love?

Activity 2. a) Read the text and open the

brackets.

LOVE STORY OF A
MODERN ERA
Max and Tara were high school classmates. They didn´t know each other very well but Max
found Tara really beautiful. She was too beautiful for him. He couldn´t imagine __________________
(ask) her out. But he wasn‘t planning to give up.
Max decided ________________ (send) Tara a friend request on Facebook. She soon confirmed him as
a friend. Happy Max tried _______________ (write) her a message but Tara didn´t want
_________________ (reply). So he looked at all her likes and started __________________ (post)
interesting things on her wall. Tara enjoyed ___________________ (read) his posts and comments
and they soon started _________________ (chat) with each other.
One day Tara had a problem with the project to school and Max gladly offered
_____________ (help) her. Max didn´t forget ________________ (bring) CDs with her favorite band. They
had a good time so Tara promised ___________________ (go) to the cinema with Max when he asked her.
Soon they started _________________ (go) out with each other and their relationship became public
when they changed their Facebook status.

b) Translate the following words and word combinations, make up a crammed story with
them.
1. find someone really beautiful - ………………………………………………………….
2. plan to give up - …………………………………………………………………………
3. have a date - …………………………………………………………………………….
4. become public - …………………………………………………………………………
5. go out with someone - ………………………………………………………………….
6. a friend request - ……………………………………………………………………….
7. have a problem with something - ………………………………………………………
8. ask someone out - ………………………………………………………………………

c) Write down the sentences from the text using the above mentioned word combinations
in the order they appear in the text.

For example: Max found Tara really beautiful.

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Activity 3. Think and answer.

1. Have you ever fallen in love? How did it happen to you? Did it last long?
2. Do you know anything about knights? How did they behave when they fell in love?
3. Have you ever met a knight? What traits of character should he possess?
4. Has the meaning of the word ―love‖ changed? In what way?
5. Is it so important for you to change your Facebook or VK status when dating with a person? Why or
why not?
6. Do you often get acquainted with people online? Does it replace the real communication with people?

Activity 4. Watch the video “Ayn Rand: Love and Values”.

a) Read about Ayn Rand.

Ayn Rand (/ˈaɪn ˈrænd/; born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum on February

2, 1905 – March 6, 1982) was an American novelist, philosopher, playwrighter, and
screenwriter. She is known for her two best-selling novels, The Fountainhead
(Першоджерело) and Atlas Shrugged (Атлас розправив плечі), and for developing a
philosophical system she called Objectivism. Born and educated in Russia, Rand
moved to the United States in 1926. She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935–
1936. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful in America, she achieved
fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead (Першоджерело).

b) Translate English word combinations.

to regard someone as a value – ……………………………………………………………….………………...
to contribute to somebody‘s personal happiness – ……………………………………………………………..
to mean nothing to someone – ………………………………………………………….………………………
to embody in another person – ………………………………………………………………………………….
profoundly – …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
affection – ……………………………………………….…………………..…………………………………..
contextual – ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

с) Write all the arguments of Ayn‟s opinion about love.

d) Agree or disagree. Explain your opinion.

1. Love is the most selfish emotion because it is a choice of a person as a great value, what you fall in love
with, is the same values which you choose are embodied in another person.
2. Friendship or affection is the same thing.
3. You cannot fall in love with a person by saying: ―You mean nothing to me‖.
4. Values are contextual, they depend on the context of a given situation.
5. There are many people who are good or bad, but what morality would demand of them is to struggle to the
best of their ability to be good and never do evil consciously.

Activity 5. Listen to the song, fill in the gaps and learn it.

Rihanna “We Found Love”

Yellow diamonds in the __________
And we're ____________ side by side
As your shadow __________ mine
What it takes to come _________

It's the way I'm feeling I just ________ deny

But I've _________ let it go

Chorus
We _________ love in a hopeless place
We found love in a _________ place
We found _________ in a hopeless place
We found love in a hopeless _________

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__________ a light through an open door
Love and life I will __________
Turn away cause I __________ you more
Feel the heartbeat in my __________

It's the way I'm feeling I just ________ deny

But I've _________ let it go

Repeat Chorus

Yellow _________ in the light

And we‘re standing ______________
As your _________ crosses mine
Repeat Chorus

Activity 6. a) Read the unknown words with translation and watch the video “How much
money is love worth”.

to charge – призначати survey – огляд, звіт

to associate – асоціюватися cautious – обережний
passionate – пристрасний, палкий to diminish – зменшувати
obsessed – одержимий life-expectancy – середня тривалість життя
limerence – лімерентність (закоханість) on average – в середньому

b) Agree or disagree. Explain your opinion.

1. We cannot buy love.

2. We can measure love.
3. Men tend to fall in love faster than women because they appear to be more cautious.
4. Hearing that someone loves for the first time you is the equivalent happiness level of receiving $ 267, 000.
5. Having more money does not necessarily mean to be more happy.
6. People who fall in life-long love with another people live on average 15% longer.
7. The relationships that last for life is the equivalent of making about extra 30 or 40 thousand dollars a year.
8. Looking into the eyes someone you like is drug, that makes you live longer.

Activity 7. Translate the sentences.

1. He could have charged more money when he was involved into the presidential campaign.
2. This scientist mustn‘t associate love with money.
3. If you are going to divorce, you have to visit the psychologist for him to give you some advice how to
make love passionate.
4. We are obsessed with the idea that everybody lies us.
5. The survey showed that men fall in love faster than women, because they are more cautious.
6. They diminished his salary profoundly, because he had made a huge mistake in that document.
7. Life-expectancy in a European country is about 70.
8. Nowadays women on average value compassion more than men.
9. She regards him as a value because she has already fallen in love with him and they are going to marry.
10. Every time they argue they say that they mean nothing to each other.
11. Helpfulness, integrity and courage are embodied in her grandmother.
12. Friendship and affection are selfish emotions as well as love.
13. He compares some contextual episodes from the story with his life.
14. I oughtn‘t to have stayed with my friends in that city because I haven‘t warned my parents about it.

Activity 8. Choose the correct answer.

1. Excuse me, ____ you tell me the way to the post-office?

a) may b) should c) shall d) could
2. He watched how the workers ___ the bridge.
a) build b) built c) were building d) was building

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3. He asked me if I ____ tired.
a) am b) would be c) was d) were
4. I hoped she ____ there in time.
a) got b) get c) will get d) would get
5. The issue ____ yesterday.
a) was discussing b) was discussed c) were discussed d) was discuss
6. The nurse‘s wages ____ good.
a) was b) were c) has d) have
7. I don‘t know as ____ people as you do.
a) many b) much c) more d) very much
8. They won‘t be having English at 2 p.m., _____ they?
a) won‘t b) will c) shan‘t d) shall
9. I _____ to speak English at the end of the course.
a) can b) will be able c) could d) may
10. I called on my friends before ____.
a) having left b) leaving c) to leave d) being left
11. I _______ this rector for 5 years.
a) am knowing b) know c) have known d) was knowing
12. My parents wrote that they ____ at the hotel ―Ternopil‖.
a) will probably stay b) would probably stay c) are probably staying d) have been probably staying
13. I saw her ____ the door of the living-room.
a) close b) to close c) have closed d) closing
14. When _____ your question yesterday I forgot this fact.
a) answered b) answering c) being answered d) having answered
15. He will be going to school soon, ___ he?
a) want b) will c) shan‘t d) won‘t
16. Would you mind ____ to the library with me?
a) coming up b) being come up c) to come up d) having come up
17. I thought your brother ____ in a bank.
a) worked b) has been working c) is working d) works
18. The composition seemed ____ in a hurry.
a) to write b) to have been written c) wrote d) to have written
19. I felt very tired _____ the whole day in the sun.
a) having worked b) worked c) working d) being worked
20. We were told that there were no meals especially for ____.
a) children b) childrens c) childrenes d) childs

Activity 9. Listen to the teacher‟s instructions and do the task.

Extra information to consider:

1) Hillary is going blind and has only 50% vision.
2) Santos can‘t understand or speak English. He only speaks Romanian.
3) Father Tom has been accused of physically abusing more than 20 children.
4) Peter is taking hormones to become a woman.
5) Chris refuses to leave without her cat. She speaks fluent Romanian.
6) Bob doesn‘t believe that David is his child but he loves Alyana passionately so accepts the situation.
7) Pamela is madly in love with Jackson and refuses to leave without him. However, he can‘t stand her and
refuses to go with her!
8) David has a terminal disease and has 1 year to live.
9) Peter has just been released from a Juvenile Detention Facility. He did 5 years for rape.
10) Alyana is in love with another man and wants to divorce Bob as soon as they get home.
11) Melanie is an arsonist (палій).
12) Star took a course in first aid and is very good in stressful situations.
13) Brandy is a drug addict.
14) Will is being accused of more than 50 counts of negligence. Half of them are true.
15) Angel is taking steroids.
16) Serena is giving the baby up for adoption.
17) Kai has a problem with authority and is very violent.
18) Nicholas cheated his way through his medical course and has only recently started to learn what he‘s
doing!

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 CONTENTS
UNIT 1 “SHOPPING” .......................................................................................................................................... 1

UNIT 2 “THE PLACE I LIVE IN”..................................................................................................................16

UNIT 3 “TRANSPORT AND TRAVELLING” ............................................................................................ 43

UNIT 4 “SEASONS AND WEATHER” ...................................................................................................... 67

UNIT 5 “ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE”..................................................................................... 88

UNIT 6 “SPORTS AND GAMES” ............................................................................................................... 106

UNIT 7 “FOOD” .............................................................................................................................................. 125

UNIT 8 “HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE” ......................................................................................................... 139

UNIT 9 “MEDICAL CARE” ........................................................................................................................... 156

UNIT 10 “VALUES” ......................................................................................................................................... 171

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