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U Saw Aung (Mathematics) 0

SIX
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Chapter
-1

-2

-3

Absolute Value Functions

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

The absolute value of a real number x

x , when x ≥ 0
|x| = |x| = x2
- x, when x < 0.
Y Y
4 4
y = |x|
3 3
(-3,3) (3,3)
2
(-2,2) (2,2)
2
Graph of 1
Graph of
(-1,1) (1,1)
1
y = |x| y = -|x|
-4 -3 -2 -1
0
0 1 2 3 4
X -4 -3 -2 -1
0
0 1 2 3 4
X
-1 (-1,-1) -1 (1,-1)
-2 (-2,-2) -2
(2,-2)

-3 (-3,-3) (3,-3)
-3 y = -|x|
-4 -4

Note that the graph of y = - |x| is the reflection on the x-axis of the graph of y = |x|.

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Graph of the Function y = |x – h|+ k

Graph of y = y = |x – h|+ k is the translatioin of h-units
horizontally and k-units vertically of the graph y = |x|.
Y
Example 1. 8

Consider the function y = |x – 5| + 2. 7

y = |x – 5| + 2
6
The graph is the translation of y = |x|5
positive 5 units horizontally and
4
3

positive 2 units vertically of the 2

1
(5,2)
graph y = |x|. 0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X
-1
-2
-3
-4

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Graph of the Function y = - |x – h|+ k

Graph of y = y = -|x – h|+ k is the translation of h-units
horizontally and k-units vertically of the graph y = -|x|.
Y
Example 2. 4

Consider the function y = -|x + 5| - 1. 3

2
The graph is the translation of 1

negative 5 units horizontally and

0
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
X
-1
(-5,-1)
negative 1 unit vertically of the -2
-3

graph y = -|x|. -4
y = -|x|
-5

y = -|x + 5| - 1 -6
-7
-8

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 65 / Ex. 6.1
1.(b) Compare the graphs of the function y = | x + 1 | + 3 to
the graph of y = | x | .
Y
8
Solution : 7

The graph of y = | x + 1 | + 3 6
y = |x+1|+3
is the translation of (-1,3)
5

negative 1 unit horizontally and 4

positive 3 units vertically 3

2
of the graph y = | x | . 1 y = |x|
0 X
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-2

-3

-4

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 65 / Ex. 6.1
2.(c) Compare the graphs of the function y = - | x + 4 | - 1
to the graph of y = - | x | .
2
Y
Solution : 1

The graph of y = - | x + 4 | - 1 0 X
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
is the translation of (-4,-1) -1

negative 4 unit horizontally and -2

negative 1 unit vertically -3 y = -|x|

-4
of the graph y = -| x | . -5
y = -| x + 4 | - 1
-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 66 / Ex. 6.2
2. Draw the graph of the function y = - | x + 3 | - 2.
Find also vertex, axis of symmetry, and range of the
function.
Y
2

1
Solution : y = - | x + 3 | - 2 0 X
vertex : ( h , k ) = ( -3 , -2 ) -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
0 1 2 3 4

axis of symmetry : x = h = -3 (-3,-2) -2

range = { y | y ≤ -2 } -3 y = -|x|
-4

-5

-6
y=-|x+3|-2 -7

-8

-9

-10

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 66 / Ex. 6.2

5. Draw the graph of the function y = | x - 4 | + 1. Find also

vertex, axis of symmetry, and range of the function.
Y
8

7
Solution : y = | x - 4 | + 1 6

vertex : ( h , k ) = ( 4 , 1 ) 5

axis of symmetry : x = h = 4 4
y= |x-4|+1
range = { y | y ≥ 1 }
3
y = |x|
2

1
(4,1)
0 X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1

-2

-3

-4

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 67 / Ex. 6.3
1. Find the solutions of the following equations.
Illustrate each of the equations on the number line .
Solution :
(b) | x + 3 | = 2
x + 3 = 2 (or ) x + 3 = -2
x = -1 ( or ) x = -5
2 2

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

(c) | x - 4 | = 1
x - 4 = 1 ( or ) x - 4 = - 1
x = 5 ( or ) x = 3
1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 67 / Ex. 6.3
2. Find the solution of the following equations.

Solution :
(b) |- 2 x - 4 | = 3
-2x-4 = 3 (or) - 2 x - 4 = - 3
-2x = 7 (or) -2x = 1
x=-3 (or) x = - ← Ans:

(c) | 5 x + 10 | = 2
5 x + 10 = 2 (or) 5 x + 10 = - 2
5 x = - 8 (or) 5 x = - 12
x = - 1.6 (or) x = - 2.4 ← Ans:

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 67 / Ex. 6.4
1. Find the solution sets of the following inequalities.
Illustrate each of the inequalities on the number line .
2 2
Solution :
(d) | x + 1 | ≥ 2 -3 -2 -1 0 1
x+1≤-2 (or ) x+1≥2
x + 1 - 1 ≤ - 2 - 1 (or ) x + 1 - 1 ≥ 2 - 1
x ≤-3 (or ) x ≥1
The solution set = { x | x ≤ - 3 (or ) x ≥ 1 }
(e) | x - 3 | > 0
x - 3 < 0 (or) x - 3 > 0
x < 3 (or) x>3 3
∴x≠3
The solution set = { x | x ≠ 3 }

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 68 / Ex. 6.4
1. Find the solution sets of the following inequalities.
Illustrate each of the inequalities on the number line .
Solution :
(f) | x + 3| ≤ 0
| x + 3| < 0 (or) | x + 3| = 0
| x + 3| < 0 has no solution .
| x + 3| = 0
x = -3
The solution set is { - 3 }

-3

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 68 / Ex. 6.4
2. Find the solution set of the following inequality .

Solution :
(d) | 2 x + 1 | ≥ 2
2 x + 1 ≤ -2 (or) 2 x + 1 ≥ 2
2 x + 1 - 1 ≤ -2 - 1 (or) 2 x + 1-1 ≥ 2-1
2 x ≤ -3 (or) 2x ≥1
x≤- (or) x≥
x≤-1 (or) x≥
The solution set is { x | x ≤ - 1 (or) x ≥ }

U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 68 / Ex. 6.4
2. Find the solution set of the following inequality .

Solution :
(e) | 2 x - 3 | > 0
2 x - 3 < 0 (or) 2 x - 3 > 0
2 x < 3 (or) 2x>3
x< (or) x>
x < 1 (or) x>1
The solution set is { x | x < 1 (or) x > 1 }

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U Saw Aung (M.Sc) Maths

Page 68 / Ex. 6.4
2. Find the solution set of the following inequality .

Solution :
(f) | 5 x + 3 | ≤ 0
|5x+3|≮ 0
∴|5x+3| = 0
5x+3 = 0
5x = -3
x=-
The solution set is { - } .