GRAPH THEORY

BY: YAMILITA M. PABILONA

 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

I. Define graph and Graph Theory.

II. History of Graph Theory

III. Applications in the Real World.

IV. Basic Definitions and Operations.

 What is a graph?
A graph G is a finite nonempty set of objects
called vertices (the singular is vertex) together
with a (possibly empty) set of unordered pairs of
distinct vertices of G called edges. The vertex set
of G is denoted by V(G), while the edge set is
denoted by E(G).

G:
 WHAT IS GRAPH THEORY?

In mathematics, graph theory is the

study of graphs, which are
mathematical structures used to
model pairwise relations between
objects. A graph in this context is
made up of vertices, nodes, or points
which are connected by edges, arcs,
or lines.
HISTORY
HISTORY
HISTORY
 HISTORY

The bridges of Königsburg

Is it possible to walk over every bridge once and
only once?
HISTORY
HISTORY

C
HISTORY
HISTORY
 HISTORY

odd

even
even

odd

Example route: A-B-D-C-A-B-D

 APPLICATIONS
Networks: transportation, roadmaps, computer, electrical, etc.
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
 Graphs as models
• Personnel
assignment
problems.
(assigning people
to jobs, arranging
weddings, finding
appropriate
roommates, etc.)
• Social networks.

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 Graphs as models
• Personnel assignment problems. (assigning
people to jobs, arranging weddings, finding
appropriate roommates, etc.)
• Social networks.
• VLSI chip design. (Planar graphs, visibility,…)
• Chemistry
• Biology

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 Graphs as models (cont.)
• Ecosystems (food web…)
• Scheduling and timetabling problems
• Puzzles and games
• Many others

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 APPLICATIONS

• Assigning doctors to hospitals.

• Assigning people to jobs.
• Assigning students to dormitories.
• Assigning pairs of drivers to trucks.
• Etc.

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APPLICATIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
 BASIC DEFINITIONS

General graph is a graph with loops and multiple

edges.
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS

d(A,D) = 2
d(A,C) = 1
d(B,D) = 3
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
BASIC DEFINITIONS
 SPECIAL GRAPHS
PATH
SPECIAL GRAPHS
SPECIAL GRAPHS
SPECIAL GRAPHS
SPECIAL GRAPHS
WHEEL
SPECIAL GRAPHS
FAN
SPECIAL GRAPHS
Binary operations in GRAPHS

G+H
Binary operations in GRAPHS