Evaluating the Performance of Post- Installed Mechanical Anchors in _ Concrete (ACI 355.2-01) and. Commentary (ACI 355.2R-01) An AGI Standard Reported by ACI Committee 355 american concrete institute | y ee! a PO, BOX 9094 international FARMINGTON HILLS, MICHIGAN 48333-9094First Printing, January 2002 ‘ Evaluating the Performance of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete and Commentary Most ACI Standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice. The several volumes are arranged to group related material together and may be purchased individually or in sets.The ACI Manual of Concrete Practice is also available on CD-ROM. ACI Committees prepare standards and reports in the general areas of materials and properties of concrete, construction practices and inspection, pavements and slabs, struc- tural design and analysis, structural specifica- tions, and special products and processes. ‘A complete catalog of all ACI publications is available without charge. 533 American Concrete Institute . P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Ml 48333-9094 ACI Certification Programs ‘The final quality of a concrete structure depends on qualified people to construct it, ACI certification pro- ‘grams identify craftsmen, technicians, and inspectors who have demonstrated their qualifications. The follow: ing programs are acrministered by ACI to full the grow- ing demand in the industry for certified workers: Conerete Flatwork Finisher Conerete Flatwork Technician Concrete Field Testing Technician—Grade | Conerete Strength Testing Technician Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade | Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade It Conerete Construction inspectorin-Training Concrete Construction inspector Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector-in-Training Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector ‘This document may already contain reference to these ACI certification programs, which can be incorporated into project specications or qualty control procedures. If not, suggested guide specications are available on fequest from the ACI Certification Department. Enhancement of ACI Documents The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omis- sions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect To assist in the effort for accuracy and clarity, the Technical Activities Committee solicits the holp of indi- Viduals using ACI reports and standards in identifying and eliminating problems that may be associated with their use, Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact the ACI Engi- neering Department in writing, with the following infor- mato 4, Tile and number of the document containing the problem and specific section in the docurnent; 2. Concise description of the problem: 3. If possible, suggested revisions for mitigating the problem. The Institute's Engineering Staft will review and take appropriate action on all comments and suggestions received, Members as woll as nonmembers of the Inst- {ute are encouraged to assist in enhancing the accuracy and usefulness of ACI documents. ISBN 6-87031-002-x | |ACI 355.2-01 Evaluating the Performance of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete Reported by ACI Committee 355 INGENIERIA AZUL Richard, Wollnershauser ‘Chain Williaa H. Alderman Richard Let Taek Arie Herman L Graves I anit L. Bandyopadhyay Kevin D. Heiner Pater 3 Casto CCristopber Heine Roald A. Cook Brace lela Rolf Eigehousen Richard E. Klinger Harry Chambers ‘eset Harry B. Lancelot, Richard 8. Ort Alexander Makita Andre Ross Lee Matis Dan R. Stoppenbagen Robert R- Mean Pasi JF Sallvan Dowald F Meiahcis, Hay Wiewel Francis A. Otvokua ‘Net: pei sopston sme wo Were Fac fr cebuons tte deve of hs comet ‘ACI 355.2 prescribes texting programs and evaluation repurements for Dpostnsalled mechanical anchors intended for use tx concrete under the ‘dasign provisions of ACI 318. Criteria are prescribed for delersining whether anchors are acceptable for wse in nerached concrete on oF ‘cracked a wll at uncraced concrete Performance categories for anchors ‘are enabled, as are the criteria for assigning anchor to each cate gor. The anchor performance categories are wed by ACI 318 aslgn eapaety ‘reduction factors and ther dsienparametrs. Keywords: anchors; cracked concrete; expansion anchors: fasteners: rechinial anchors prst-isiled anchors undercut anchors CONTENTS Chapter 1—Scope, p. 955.22 ‘Chapter 2—Definitions and notation, p. 355: 2.1—Definitions 2.2—Notation Chapter 3—Significance and use, p. 355.2-5 Chapter 4—Requirements for anchor identification, p. 365.2-5 4.1—Determination of critical characteristics of anchors Chapter 5—General requirements, p. 355.2-6 5.1—Testing sequence 5.2—Test samples, 5.3-Testing by manufacturer 5.4—Changes to product, Chapter 6—Requirements for test specimens, installation of anchors, and conduct of tests, p. 355.2-8 6.1—Conerete for test members (6.2—Anchor installation 6.3—Test methods (6.4—Tests in cracked concrete 6.5—Goneral requirements for anchor behavior Chapter 7—Reference tests, p. 355.2-11 T1—Purpose 7.2—Reference tension tests for single anchors without spacing and edge effects 7.3—Required calculations using results of reference tests Chapter 8—Reliability tests, p. 355.2-12 8.1—Purpose 8.2_Roliability tests using reduced installation effort §.3Relcbilty in low strength concrete with large drill bit 8.4—Relisbiy in high-strength concrete with small dil bit 8.5—Reliability under repeated load 8.6 Reliability in cracks where opening width is cycled Chapter 9—Service-condition tests, p. 355.214 9.1—Purpose 9.2—General test conditions 9.3—Service-condition tension test with a single anchor vwith two edges (comer) 9.4—Service-condition test at minimum edge distance and ‘minimum spaciag 9.5-—Service-condition shear test for single anchors with- ‘out spacing and edge effects 9.6—Service-condition, simulated seismic tension tests 9.7-—Service-condition, simulated seismic shear tests ote ey TE ces a aint nanny Se Sa a vasees monies Ag rte om ny inners cee ym vie, tn permite SERIE eae 25524355.22 ‘ACISTANDARD Chapter 10—Establishing anchor categories, p. 355.216 Chapter 11—Presenting anchor data, p. 355.216 11.1—Data analysis 11.2—Format ofthe data sheet 11.3—General requirements 11.4—Contents of evaluation report Chapter 12—Requirements for independent feeting and evalation agency, p. 2862-16 Chapter 13—References, p. 355.2-17 13.1-—Referenced standards Appendix At—Requirements for normalization of results, p. 955.2-1 ‘AL.1—Nommalizaton of capacities to take account of con crete and stel strengths AL2—Conerete breakout or splitting failure AL3—Pallout and pull-through failure AL4—Stee! failure ‘Appendix A2—Requirements for establishing characteristic capacities, p- 858.2417 ‘A2.1—Scope A2.2—Procedure ‘Appendix AS—Requirements for test members, p.355.2-17 ‘A3.1—Tests in uncracked concrete ‘A3.2—Tests in cracked concrete ‘A33—Castng and curing of test members CHAPTER 1—SCOPE LL ACI 355.2 preserbes testing and evaluation requite- ments for post-insalled mechanical anchors intended for use in conorete according tothe design criteria of ACI 318 Build- ing Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. Criteria are prescribed for determining whether anchors are acceptable for tse in uncracked concrete only, or in cracked as well as un- cexacked concrete. Criteria are proscribed for determining the performance category into which each anchor shall be placed, "The anchor performance categories are used by ACT318 tos sign capacity reduction factors and other desig parameters 2 ACI 355.2 describes the tests required to qualify a postinstalled mechanical anchor or anchor system for use under the provisions of ACT 318 1.3 ACI 355.2 applies only to post-installed mechanical anchors (Worque-contolled expansion anchors, displace- ‘ment-contolled expansion anchors, and undercut anchors), placed into predrilled holes and anchored within the concrete ‘by mechanical means. 1.4 ACL 355.2 applies oly to anchors with « nominal di- ameter of 1 in, (6 mu) or larger. 15 The values stated either in inch-pound units oe St units axe o be separately regarded, Within the text, the STunits are shown in parentheses. The values in each system are not ex- act equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde- pendently of the other. Combining values from the two Systems skall result in nonconformance with ACI 355.2. (CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION 2.4—Definitions 2.1 Anchor category—The classification for an anchor ‘thats established on the bass ofthe performance of the an- chor in relisilty test (ee Section 10.0) 2.1.2 Anchor group—A number of anchors of approxi- rately equal effective embedment depth with each anchor spaced a less than thee times its embedment depth from one (or more adjacent anchors. : 2.13 Anchor system—A set of siilar anchors that Vary only due to diameter oc embedment length; a product line of a single manufacturer. 2.1.4 Characteristic value—The 5% fractile (value with a 95% probability of being exceeded, with a confidence of 90%). 2.1.8 Concrete breakout failure—A concrete cone or edge failure ofthe test member due to setting of the anchor or to applied loads, in either tension or shear 2.1.6 Cracked concrete—A test member with a uniform ‘rack width over the depth ofthe concrete member. 2,7 Displacement-controlied expansion anchor—A post-insalled anchor that derives its tensile holding strength by expansion against the side of the drilled hole through movement of an intemal plug in the sleeve or through movement of the sleeve over an expansion element (plug) (ee Fig, 2.1). Once set, no further expansion can occur. 2.1.8 Pullout failure—A failure mode in which the anchor pulls out ofthe concrete without a steel failure and without a conerete cone failure atthe installed embedment depth. The anchor may displace toward the surface, resulting in a con- crete cone failure ats load that is not consistently repeatable. 249 Puil-through failure—A failure mode in which the anchor body polls through the expansion mechanism without development ofthe full concrete capacity 2.1.10 Setting of an anchor—The process of expanding an anchor ina drilled hole 21 Splitting failure—A concrete feilure mode in which the conerete fractures along 2 plane passing through the axis, ofthe anchor or anchors. 2.A.12 Statistically equivalent—Two groups of test results shal! be considered statistically equivalent if there aze no sig- nificant differences between the means or between the stan- dard deviations ofthe two groups. Statistical equivalence of the means of two groups shall be evaluated using a one-sided test at a confidence of 90%. 2.1.13 Steel filure—Failure mode characterized by frac- ture of the stee! anchor parts transmitting tension loads, shear loads, or both to the point of load introduction into the concrete © ou orcbr Fig. 2.1—Examples of displacement-controlled expansion anchors. ‘(yep anchorEVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POST-NSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS. 355.23 214 Test series—A group of tests having the same test parameters. 2LAS Torque controlled expansion anchor—A post stalled expansion anchor that derives its tensile holding strength from the expansion of one or more sleeves or other clements against the sides ofthe drilled hole through the ap- plication of torque, which pulls the cone(s) into the expan- sion sleeve(s) (see Fig, 2.2). After setting, tensile loading can cause additional expansion (follow-up expansion). 2.16 Uncracked concrete—In these tests, concrete ele ‘ments that are expected to remain uncracked waless the crack is pat ofthe anchor failure mode. 2LIT Undercut anchor— postinstalled anchor that de- rives its tensile holding stengih by the mectsnical inelock provided by undercutting the concrete, achieved ether by aspe- ial tool or by the anctor itself during installation (see Fig, 2:3). 2.2—Notation ‘Ay = projected area ofthe failure surface for an an- hor oF group of anchors, approximated a the base ofthe pyramid that results from projecting the flue surface outward 1.5 fom the cen terlne of the anchor, rin the ease ofa group of anchors, from a line through the centerlines of a row of adjacent anchors (Fig. 24); notto be tak- en greater than nA, in (ra) Ayo. = projected aes ofthe failure surface of a single anghor remot from edges: 9 (See Fig. 25), in” (mm") ered tensile stress area of anchor, in.* (mm*) nin = minimum allowable edge distance 2s deter- mined from testing and given in the manufac: turer's data sheets, in. (mm) dq, = diameter ofa carbide-tipped dil bit witha di- ameter on th low end ofthe carbide diameter tolerance range for a new bit, representing a moderately used bit, in. (mm) = diameter of a cerbide-tipped dri bit with « ameter onthe high end ofthe earbide diameter tolerance range for a new bi, representing abit a large as would be expected in use, in. (un) nin = diameter of a carbide-tipped dail bit with a ameter below the low end of the carbide diame- ter tolerance range for a new bit, representing a well-used bit, in. (mm) 1, = outside diameter of post-installed anchor, in (am) (Hea aty steer anetor Fig. 2.2—Examples of torque-controlled expansion anchors. Fam = concrete compressive strength to which test re sults for Test Series are to be normalized using Eq. Al.1, fbyin? (MPa) Faron = Toean concrete compressive strength measured with standard cylinders, for concrete of Test, Series i, Ib/in? (MPa) fa = specified ultimate tensile strength of anchor steel, Ibfin.? (MPa) Fusen = mosnultimate tensile strength of anchor steel as determined by test, Ibn. (MPa) Jz = specified yield streagth of anchor steel, tin? (MPa) Fig. 2.3{a}—Type 1 undercut anchor Load-controlled ‘anchor insialled by tensioning anchor causing sleeve to expand into predrilled undercut emoreon Gh ere Preatiea under Fig. 2.3{b}—Type 2 undercut anchor. Displacement-con tolled anchor set in predritled undercut by hammering sleeve over cone. vundercit Fig. 2.3{c)—Type 3 undercut anchor. Displacement-con trolled anchor set in predrilled undercut by pulling cone up, causing expansion sleeve to expand into undercut‘ni = mean normalized capacity in Test Series i, as calculated using Eq, (AI-D, Ib (N) normalized anchor capacity, Ib (N) ‘mean anchor capacity as determined from Test. Sees i, tb (N) ‘characteristic capacity in atest series, calculated according to Appendix A2, b (N) thickness of structural member in which an an- ‘chor is installed, measured perpendicular tothe conerete surface at the point where the anchor is installed, in. (au) ‘ig = effective embedment depth, measured from the conerete surface to the deepest point at which the anchor tension load is transferred tothe con crete (see Fig. 2.6), in. (mm) ‘core Arent sieve Fig. 2.3(d)(continued)—Type 4 undercut anchor. Displace- ‘ment-controlled anchor that cuts its own undercut while being set by hammering sleeve over cone. Fig, 23(e}—Type 5 undercut anchor Torque-controlled anchor set into predrilled undercut by application of torque {forcing sleeve over cone (two examples shown) Fig. 23{)—Type 6 undercut anchor. Torque-controlled ‘anchor that cuts its own undereut by application of setting torque that forces sleeve over cone. ‘ACISTANDARD Jhpin = Minimum member thickness as specified by the anchor manufacturer, in. (mim) k= effectiveness factor, whose value depends on the type of anchor K = slatistical constant (one-sided tolerance factor) used to establish the 5% fractile with a 90% confidence, and whose value depends on the ‘number of tests (Appendix A2) n= number of anchors in a test series; also, number ‘of anchors in a group x ‘normal fore (generally tensite), Ib (N) Ny = characteristic tonsile capacity of an anchor with ‘a concrete failure mode (5% fractile of test re salts), ib (N) Nao = characteristic capacity in reference tests, Ib (N) Nee = characteristic capacity in reliability tests, Tb (N) Noy = maximum seismic tension test load, equal 10 50% of the mean tension capacity in cracked ‘conerete from reference tests, ib (N) Au (Cyt 15mg )QX1SHg) 0) 4.8 Heys bh 3nd, < Shy (oe St 18g) (Cat 83¢ 15h) eyandes<1 Shy and 8, and 83 thy Fig. 24—Projected areas Ay for single anchors and groups of anchors. A5he | 1Shet 1.5 hy u 1.5 ae | 1.5 yg Aggy? 205hg)*205he) = Shax3he » Ohy? Fig. 2.5—Projected area Ax for single anchor.EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS 355.25 Ng = lowest characteristic capacity in reference tests in uncracked concrete for concrete, steel, oF pullout failures for the concrete strength of the test member, b (N) N, = characteristic tensile pullout or pull-through ca pecity of an anchor (5% fractile of test results), Iba) Ng = characteristic tensile steel capacity of an an- chor, Ib (N) N, = ultimate load measured in a tension test, 1b (N) tensile foad in tests in cracks whose opening ‘width is cycled, Ib ON) N, = minimum teasion load above which vatitions in the load-dsplacement curve are acceptable, as prescribed in Section 6.5.1.1, Ib QN) load at 10% ofthe ultimate load measured inthe tension tes, Ib (N) load at 30% of the ultimate load measured in the tension tests, Ib (N) Sun = minimum spacing used in Table 5.1, Test 8 and Table 52, Test 10, i. (eam) torque in atest, fe-Tb (Nm) specified or maximam setting torque for expan- sion or prestessing ofan anchor, f-b (Nm) Veq = maximum cyclic shear test load in the seismic shear tests, determined by calculation or by est, WN) Vy, = characteristic shear capacity for steel failure, 1b () crack-opening width, in. (mm) change n crack-opening width, i. (mm) displacement measured at 10% of ultimate load in tension tes, b (N) displacement measured at 30% of ultimate load in tension test, fb (N) axial stiffness of anchor in service load range, Ibn. (N/mm) bie = capacity reduction factor developed from tests for installation rlitility v= sample coefficient of variation (standard devia- tion divided by the mean) expressed as decimal fraction o in percent CHAPTER 3—SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3:1—ACI 355.2 applies to post-installed mechanical an- cchors intended for use in structural applications addressed by ACT 318 and subjected to static or seismic loads in tension, shear, or combined tension and shear. Applicable anchors are shown in Fig. 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. It does not apply to an- chors loaded in compression if the expansion mechanism is Also loaded in compression, nor to anchors subjected to long- term fatigne loading, Anchors mecting the requirements of, ACI 355.2 are expected to sustain their design loads (in ten- sion, shear, and combined tension and shear) while provie- ing adequate stiffness. The requirements of ACI 355.2 related to qualification of anchors for seismic applications do not simulate the behavior of anchors in plastic hinge zones of reinforced coneree structures. CHAPTER 4—REQUIREMENTS FOR ANCHOR IDENTIFICATION 4.1—Determination of critical characteristics of anchors ‘The anchor manufactures, in consultation with the indo- pendent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0), shall determine the characteristics affecting the identification and performance ofthe anchor being evaluated, These character istics can include (but are not limited to) dimensions, constit- uuent materials, surface finishes, coatings, fabrication techniques, and the marking of the anchors and components, 4.2—Speeitication of critical characteristics of anchors ‘The manufacturer shall include in the drawings and speci- fications for the anchor those characteristics determined to be critical (Section 4.1). 34 4.3—Verification of conformance to drawings and specifications 43.1 Dimensions—Dimensions determined to be critical (Section 4.1) shall be checked by the independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for conformance to the Arawings and specifications (Section 4.2, 43.2 Constituent materials--Constituent materials deter- ‘mined to be critical (Section 4.1) shall be checked by the in- dependent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for conformance to mechanical and chemical specifications (Section 4.2), using certified mill test repors for steels, and sing similar certified documents for other material. 4.33 Surface finishes—Susface finishes determined to be critical (Seetion 4.1) shall be checked by the independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for conform ance to drawings and specifications (Section 4.2). This check may include characteristics such as surface hardness or roughness. 4234 Coatings—Coatings determined to be critical (See- tion 4.1) shall be checked by the independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for compliance with dravi- ings and specifications (Section 4.2). This check may ia- clude characteristics such as coating thickness or surface roughness. 435 Fabrication techniques—Fabrication techniques determined to be critical (Section 4.1) shall be checked by the independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for compliance with the drawings and specifications (ection 4.2). These fabrication techniques might include ‘machining techniques (for example, cold-forming versus machining) or surface treatment (for example, beat-teat- ‘ment or shot-peening). 43.6 Markings—Markings determined to be critical Sec- tion 4.1) shall be checked by the independent testing sad evaluation agency (Section 12.0) for compliance with drav- ings and specifications (Section 42).355.26 4.3.7 Quality controt—Anchors shall be manufactured under a certified quality system mecting the requirements of the ISO 9000 quality management system of equivalent national standard. Manufacturers shell undergo a conformity assessment by an accredited qualty-system registrar, and shall maintain e certification or registration in conformance to that standard, CHAPTER 5—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, 5.1—Testing sequence Perform four types of tess in the following sequence: 1. Identification tests to evaluate the anchors compliance with the critical characteristics determined in Section 4.1; 2. Reference tests to establish baseline performance against ‘hich subsequent tests are to be compared (Section 7.0); 3. Reliability tests to confirm the reliability of the anchor under adverse installation procedures and long-term use (ection 8.0); and 4, Service-condition tests to evaluate the performance of the anchor under expected service conditions (Section 9.0) ‘Test coquirements are summarized in Tebles 5.1 and 5.2. Determine the accoptability or usacceptabilty of the anchor using the criteria prescribed in Sections 4.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 Determine the anchor category (an index ofthe anchors sen- sitivity to conditions of installation and use) using th crit ria prescribed in Section 10.0. Report the lowest category by ‘AGI STANDARD diameter as prescribed in Section 11.0. For anchors with ‘multiple embedments, refer to Table 6.7. 5.2—Test samples “The independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 120) shail visit the manufacturing or distribution facility, Shall randomly select anchors for testing, and shall verify thatthe samples are representative ofthe production of the ‘manufacturer as supplied tothe marketplace. To test nevely developed anchors that sre notin production, use samples produced by the expected production methods. After produc- tion has bogua, perform identification and referene tests to verify thatthe constituent materials have not changed, and that the performance of the production anchors is statistically equivalent to that of the anchors originally evaluated. See Section 2.1.12. 5.21 When internally threaded anchors are supplied with- cout fastening items, sich as bolts, the manufacturer shall specify the bolts to be used. To achieve concrete breakaut failure for comparison wth Eq, (7-1, it shall be permitted to tse bolls of higher strength than those specified, provided that those bolts donot change the functioning, setting or fol- low-up expansion ofthe anchors 5.22 Perform separate reference and reliability tests in ac- cordance with Table 5.1 or Table 5:2 foreach anchor material, and production method. If the results of the reference and re- liability tests for the anchors ofeach material and production ‘Table 5.1—Test program for evaluating anchor systems for use in uncracked conorete Naaman tes conc | seve | pi sari] Reems] Purpose besinin | Seen [ss |S] se Telrnce 1 | Sezer [eergincm] tw [ome | oe | 8 sagt | eon sng sco 2 | 72 | Messcat’ [Tariortedges | Mish | ehon | de |S Tela ae lee orsoe sintemec] wi | ang, | at | 5 ore Tent wipe [Taken] pn |S = S ‘hole diameter away from edges: aah Bhmin | dae bs Tesi smal | Feio—sngle meio 5 [se [Sepem" [iy tame | ie [eh fae | s Reps ese Rely wae 6 | as ligation ron] tow | 2h | te | st repeated load |eges, cshival capacity Senice condones Tecate enion-—salesstor 7 93 | eee Pigs | i.comec with edges Low. fy 4 4 orn wibcips on rye | “behest Minimum spacing. | igh instalation tension | on janet ditecteHwearaaccymes | tow | hay | dy | 5 lng nor ea eae Sereacivot | Seamer’ | oy | shen | a 7 i steel! away from edges bo bain inn 5 “Rd ar oe avi "Deng dees fervor ae detest nd a giv ie Tate 66 Tex snato nil rest tor ance, ‘eget onl for cor vor cet tts, wih ive cor Sant ofthe ee frag than ft of {head to ofthe seal ater a mor for eee ocho when he capac te eee wl beEVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POSTANSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS ‘method are statistically equivalent (Section 2.1.12), the ser- vice-condition tests of Table 5.1 (Tests 7, 8, and 9), and of Table 5.2 (Tests 9, 10, and 11) shall be permitted to be per- formed for one anchor material and production method only. Otherwise, perform the complete test program for each an- chor material and production method. 5.23 The sample sizes given in Table 5.1 and 5.2 are the minimum. At the discretion of the independent festing and evaluation agency or manufacturer, the sample size shall be permitted tobe increased. 5.3—Testing by manufacturer "Allreference and reliability tests shall be performed by the independent testing and evaluation agency (Section 12.0). 355.27 ‘Not more than 50% of the service-condition tests required by ‘ACI 355.2 shail be permitted to be performed by the manu- facturer. All such tests shall be witnessed by an independent testing laboratory or engineer mecting the requirements of Section 12.0. The manufacturer's tests shall be considered in the evaluation only if the results are statistically equivalent to those ofthe independent testing and evaluation agency. 5.4—Changes to product ‘Before an anchor is changed, the manufacturer shall report te nature and significance ofthe change othe independent testing and evaluation agency Section 12.0), which shall de- termine which tests (If any) shall be performed. For al ‘changes that might affect the anchor performance, perform Table 5.2—Test program for evaluating anchor systems for use in cracked and uncracked concrete — iw tee cracopesing with] Coocete | Mente | pai smal number|Retene| _Pupose Description wa Seng |Oiebness [diameter] seen Reference Tclzcezietin | “Teson ge 1 | 72 | aseteaow® | ansteravay om - tow | hw | ge | 5 seengtcome |“ *chper | Retest in| asinine 2 | 12 | emcee | anchors om - win | een | de | 5 stengitcomtee | “eps Referacewstin | Tein si 3 [72 | Mewstiegt” | atctoravaytom | 0012 tow | 2h | ae | 5 encicdeamce | “eine Refeenee tie | Tein me femal s 4 | ra | "Nistengt” | ancoranay trom | 00.2 oe encicsconceie | “cigs ace ayes Seesiviy © | Teasen— sale 3 | a2 |reoeedinenision | anciorawayeom | aoi2 | Mew) haa, | at | s ction ‘te chor re Seaiviwoonck | Telia 6 | a3 |otttanalagetatc| ansternvay tom | ano Low | hn 5 dance lees Seasicnty ocaak | Teasen—aige 7 | 84 friend smatbete| anstoraway rom | 0.020 igh | ahem | ce |S ‘aaneer tees Sass tension [rsticocisnnose 8 | ae | Spenngmith | gis gsctoresy | oootsoco1 | tow | hmm | deat | 5 ee sapeciy ‘Sener condones coer ni |, Tension —singe 9 | 93. |r sieeapn | arora cot wis tow | tan | de | 4 SSUES tees locued 13 ‘i poring sation ances Guta] enon ore 10 | 94 reine sping] fen Com - tow | tae | de | 5 ‘notion wwerckedemeree| "HEF Shear apc in Stear—snge anchor vec ence | - u | 95 ed co Hae be a | os katy ean ee 12 | 96 | sekmictsion | sinpeanton wey | 0020 Low | 2h 5 "om re eige Taig se 13 | 97 | scimiestea | sigleanenswey | 0020 tow | Btwn | de | 5 ome dae “Dilan nes acted fei llega or earn flan od given in Tate Reged ony oars whose rasta es within ie sche iar of the hs fare plies tht of add bt he ‘st comin antares: x Sesed chon when te ope thee val boca esto wnect ances we355.28 [ACI STANDARD the reference fests and the reliability tests, If test results of the modified product are statistically equivalent to those of the originally tested product, then no additional testing is re- ‘quired. Otherwise, test the changed products in accordance with Table 5.1 or Table 52. (CHAPTER 6—REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST ‘SPECIMENS, INSTALLATION OF ANCHORS, AND CONDUCT OF TESTS 6.1—Conerete for test members ‘Concrete used in testing shall meet the requirements of Sections 6.1 through 6.1.4. To verify the performance of an anchor in a particular type of concrete (for example, con- crete with higher strength and lower strength than given in ACI355.2), specify that same type of concrete for the tests of ACI 355.2. 6.1.1 Aggregates—For normalweight concrete, aggregates shall conform to ASTM C 33 and the maximum aggregate size shall be 3/4 ot Lin. (19 or 25 mm). For lightweight con- crete, aggregates shall conform to ASTM C 330. 6.1.2 Coment—Use portiznd cement conforming to ASTM C 150. The concrete mixture shall not include any other ce- mentitious materials (for example, slag, fly ash, silica fume, for limestone powder), unless otherwise specified by the ‘manufacturer. Report if such cementitious materials or ad- ‘mixtures are used in the concrete. 6.13 Concrete strength—Test anchors in test members cast of concrete within two nominal compressive strength ranges, based on compressive strength specimens prepared Table 6.1—Required diameters of carbide hammer- aril bits, In. ‘oleae aes Noni gametes | = a wig __| 0190-0198 | 0198-0201 | 0208-0206 te 9252-0256 | 0260-0263 | 0266-0288 Sie | 0ais-0323 | oav7-o3s | 0333-0335 76 Dai -038s | 0360-0395 | 0396-0398 Te | nat-0450 | 0458-0462 | 0465-0408 v2 Dsl0-Osi4 | 0500-0524 | 0527-0530 Bg 0573-0577 | 0382-0586 | 0589-0592 38 (0.639 0643 | 0680-0654 | 0.657 0.660 Tis | oo2-a70s | onis-on17 | 0720-0728 3 (O76 0768 | 0715-079 | 0784-0787 Tas [ oaz?-ansi | 0487-0841 | 0866-080 maa [0ase-08@ | 0869-0873 | 04TH 0.881 78 ‘08920896 | 0905-0909 | 014-0917 isné | 0955-0.959 | 0968-072 |_0977 -0.5a0 7 TOIT hoa [1030-1034 | 1039 Loa [oa REC CO rane [ido 4212 | aes? [1351s Ee 7210-1274 | 1.285-1.269" | 1297-1300 Tig | 4588-1387 | 1382-1356 [1364-367 Tae [1395-1399 [aid .aie | Laz ans Tan | 1As@= 1.462 | tara 1476 | a8 1487 Tua asen~isna [1535-1599 | 1587 =1.550 Trane 1570 15t4 [ise 1362 | 1605-608 Ts@ | 167 Lon | 1655-1659 | 1673. L675 rsa nasi- 938 | ara 1.796 [17891790 2 1990-1998 | 2008-2012 | 2025-2078 and tested in accordance with ASTM C31 and ASTM C 39 (ee Appendix A3.3.1), These strength ranges are: + Low-strength concrete: 2500 to 3800 Ibvin.? (17 to 24MPo); and + High-strength concrete: 6500 to 8000 Ibfin.? (46 to 57 MPo). 6.14 Test members—Test members stall conform to the requirements of Appendix A3. 6.2—Anchor installation 6.2.1—General requirements 62.1.1 Install anchors according to the manufacturer's instructions, except as otherwise prescribed in ACT 355.2, and report any deviations. 6.2.1.2 Install anchors in a formed face of the concrete, ‘rin concrete with a steel-troweled finish. 6.2.1.3 The components of the anchor, on which the per- formance will depend, shall not be exchanged. Bolts, nuts, and washers not supplied with the anchors shall conform to the specifications given by the manufacturer, and these spec- ifications shall be included in the evaluation report. 62.2 Drill bit requirements—Dril bit requirements are ‘given in Tables 5.1 and 5.2. Drill holes for anchors shall be perpendicular (within a tolerance of 46 degrees) to the sur- face ofthe concrete member. Except for self-drilling anchors and except as specified in Section 6.2.2.3 and 6.2.2.5, holes shall be made using carbide-tipped, hammer-drill bits meet- ing the requirements of ANST B212.15. 62.2.1 The cutting diameter of dril bits shall conform to the tolerances given in Table 6.1 or 6.2, and shall be checked ‘every 10 drilling operations to ensure continued compliance. 6.2.2.2 When performing tests with bits of diameter yas USE Special test bits. Special test bits ground to the de- sired diameter shall be permitted to be used. 62.2.3 Drill bits with diameter dy, correspond to well- ‘wor bits, These diameters are below the minimum diame- ters specified for new bits in ANSTB212.15, 6.2.24 All service-condition tests (Tables 5.1 and 5.2) use bit of diameter dy {6.2.25 For drill bits not included in the range of diameters ‘given in Table 6.1 or Table 6.2, and for dril bits not covered by ANSI B212.15, the independent testing and evaluation agency shall develop diameters for the bits that conform to the concep! Of dar, dy, aM dyin 2S Tepresonted in those tables. 6.23—Torgue requirements 6.231 General torque requirements—When the appli- cation of torque for any type of anchor is required by the manufécturer, torque each anchor specified in Sections 6.2.3.1.1 and 6.2.3.2, except as specified in Section 8.2. If0 torque for the anchor is specified by the manafacturer, the anchor shal be finger-tight before testing, 6.2.3.4 Apply the specified torque Tiq, using a cal brated torque wrench having a measuring error within 45% ‘of the specified torque. After waiting 10 min, remove the torque on the anchor and apply a torque of 0.5 Tigs 6.2.3.2 Setting of torque-controlled expansion anchors— Install torque-controlled expansion anchors in accordance with Table 6.3 and the general torque requirements. 6.2.3.2.1 For tests performed with partial setting torque (Table 5:1, Test 3 and Table 5.2, Test 5; see also Table 6.3, ‘Test 3), install and set the anchor with a setting torque of 0.5 Tigge Do not reduce the torque from this amount.EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POSTINSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS 385.29 62.3.2.2 For the seismic tests (Table 52, Tests 12 and 13), apply Tins and then reduce t0 0.5 Tig; before the crack is widened. 6.23.3 Setting of displacement-controlled expansion an- chors—Install displacement-controlled expansion anchors with the degree of expansion specified in Table 6.4. The specified degrees of expansion are obtained using setting tools based on the number of drops specified in Table 6.5 for partial and reference expansion, developed in Sections 6233.1 and 62.3.3.2. See Fig. 6.1 for the test fixture used. to establish the partial and reference setting expansions 6233.1 Partial expansion—Set a minimum of five an- ‘chors using the weight and numberof drops from Table 6:5 for partial expansion. For each anchor, measure the depth of the ‘plug from the upper end ofthe anchor. Calculate the average Aepth of the plug forthe set anchors and shorten the setting tool to give this siting depth. Install anchors using the short- ened setting tool for partial expansion. 6.2.3.3.2 Reference expansion—Prepare a setting tool for reference expansion using the same method as in Section 62.3.3.1, using the weight and number of drops from Table 65. 6.2.34 Setting of undercut anchors—Install undercut an~ cchors as specified in Table 6.6. In tests of Table 5.1, Test 3 and Table 5.2, Test 5, set undercut anchors using a combina- tion of the specified setting tolerances that produces the min- imum bearing surface in the concrete. Table 6.6 provides for such combinations for various undercut anchor types. In other Table 6.2—Required diameters of carbide hammer- drill bits, St. tests prescribed in Tables 5.1 and 5.2, dill a cylindrical hole with a diameter as given in Tables 5.1 or 5.2 and produce the ‘undercut as per manufacturer's instructions. 6.3—Test methods ‘Test anchors in conformance with ASTM E 488 and o the appropriate sections (Section 7.0, 8.0 or 9.0) of ACT 355.2. 6.4—Tests in cracked concrete Use the procedure specified in Sections 6.4.1 through 6.4.3 for testing anchors in cracked concrete. 64.1 Perform tests in concrete specimens meeting the re- quirements of Appendix A3. Use the crack-opening width w as specified for the given test. Initiate the crack and install the anchor according to Section 6.2, so thatthe axis of the anchor lies approximately in the plane ofthe crack. Install the instru- mentation for measuring crack-opening widths, and widen the ‘rack to the specified crack-opening width while the anchor is not loaded. Measure the crack opening using (wo dial gages or electronic transducers, one on either side of the anchor, arient- ed perpendicular to the crack. 6.4.2 Subject the anchor to the specified loading sequence ‘while monitoring the crack opening width atthe surface. See Appendix 3. ‘64.3 During the test, maintain a continuous record of the load and displacement of the anchor and of the crack width. ‘Table 6.3—Required degree of setting torque for torque-controlied expansion anchors Timers Tacs Tses,—] Roget ange? Nonidet aa gm mas | eimmite | ie s 5.05 -5.15, 5:20-5:30 ‘535-5.40, = i — aes eae [aa ras ono] AEE atl 7, 705-720_| 725-735 | 740-745 Tarcong paneer? hace eto, Be eed vo FO 8 805-820 825-835, ‘840-845 Laembemmue To [ote toae oases | Toa0- 1068 i Vit0- 1120 [a1 25- 1135 | 45-1150 Table 6.4—Required dex of expansion of 12 {210-1220 | 1225-1235 45 12.50 displacement-controlled expansion anchors | 5 his Bao Baa “Tea | Ties) Reed eee 1 T410- 1420 [ 1425-1435 [1445-1450 oe ha — 1s 1510-1520 | 1525-1535 | 1SA3- 15.50 a Sooo 16 T610-1620 | 1625-1635 | 1645-1630 eee Teeter eat ins [es rn0 TER AS OTT Then eae eas I 20 20.10 20.20 | 2030-2040 | 20.50-20.55 salen [iv sais | s050-ta [7259-255, Taye 5 parameter for eotablihing patal and Ea 24:10-28.00 | 2430-2480 [ 2450-2455 reference expansion of displacement-controlled Sie [ao posse” hors 28 asa [paso nso [50855 aa en ae Tae Pappa 53 | it~ soan | 90303040 | 9030-3055 avctorse [Me Pie] ad | wi |e [a Sa asa aa39-3050" | 3200-3270 oT ae} 3 |e 3 esas Less ae 00 3070 wemntoan | dS | ds | eb | ads | ds | dd ERPS [wT “Hegeoranimcom | dy | ad | byl ey Lenten Sais as | ass ar rea770 Neral Soa -s0as | -o000-soen | 2070-2088 Saad |2)3]«|sla]« fe cae [acne | aca cram a [aes [eons [eman Seeteeme | 1. ].1a]als Se [sais sexs [sao sen | 0. ste po255.240 6.5—General requirements for anchor behavior 6.8.1 Overall load-displacement behavior 65.1.1 The tensile load-displacement behavior of single anchors shall be predictable; tbat is, uncontrolled slip of the anchor generally is not acceptable. Figure 6.2 provides ex- amples of acceptable and unacceptable Toad-displacement ccurves for the types of anchors covered by ACI 355.2. For ‘each anchor tested, a plateau with a slip larger than 5% of the = 0.004 in. (0.1 mm) is restored. Note that an increase in the upper-bound load cor- responds to an increase in the maximum crack width w; be- ‘yond 0.012 in, (0.3 mm), 8.6.3 Measure the load-displacement behavior up to load Nj, Afterward, under N,, measure the displacements of the ‘anchor and the crack-opening widths wy and w, ether con- tinuously or at least after I, 2.5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 cycies of erack opening and closing. 8.644 After completing the cycles of crack opening and 102 B10? 10 ‘Numer of crack movernents Fig. &1—Crack-width requirements for cyclic tests in ‘cracked concreteass.244 ‘ACISTANDARD CHAPTER 9—SERVICE-CONDITION TESTS. 9.1—Purpose ‘The purpose of the service-condition tests is to determine the basic data required to predict the performance of the an- chor under service conditions. ‘9.2—General test conditions ‘9.2.1 General requirements are prescribed in Section 5.0, 9.22 For all tests, del the holes with a drill bit of diameter '9.2.3 When anchors are tested in cracked concrete, use ‘racks that pass approximately through the plane of the axis of the anchor, and that have a minimum crack opening width of 0.012 in. (0.3 mm). 9.3-—-Service-condition tension test with a sing! anghos with two edges (corner) (Table 5.1, Fe? and Table 5.2, Test 93.1 Purpose—The purpose of this test is to determine ‘whether the anchor meets the requirement that the critical edge distance shall be $ 1 Shey, in test members with the min- imam specified thickness for that anchor. Perform tests on single anchors in uncracked, low-strength concrete at a cor- ner with equal edge distances of I. Shi. 932 Requirements for critical edge distance—Verity ‘compliance with the requirement that the critical edge dis- tance $ 1-5hy. The ultimate capacity of the anchor with two ‘edge distances of 1 Shy shall be statistically equivalent (Sec- tion 2.1.12) to the capacity from the reference tests per- formed away from the edges. Se ee se gaton teat eae distance and minimum spacing (Table §.1, Test 8 and Table 6.2, Test 10) 9.4.1 Purpose—This test checks that the concrete will not ‘experience splitting failure during anchor installation. 942 General est conditions—Test all diameters of all an- chor types in uncracked, low-strength concrete, with a drill, bit of diameter dy Install two anchors atthe minimum spac- ing Spi) and the minimum edge distance cry, in test mem- bers with the minimum thickness hq, 0 be reported for the anchor, Place the two anchors in a line parallel to the edge of a concrete test element ata distance of at least 3 dy from oth- er groups. Select the minimum spacing sq minimum edge distance che and minimum thickness fig, depending on the characteristics ofthe anchor. Initial values recommended for these parameters by ACI 318 Appendix D ate: Sin = Ody Gin = 6d for undercut anchors 8d, for torque-controlled anchors (0d, for displacement-controlled anchors Iipin = Shap ‘Separate bearing plates shall be permitted to be used for ‘each anchor to simplify the detection of concrete cracking, ‘The distance tothe edge of the bearing plate from the eenter- line of the corresponding anchor shall be thre times the di- ameter d, of the anchor being tested. 9.43 For torque-controlled anchors torque the anchors al- temately in increments of 0.2 Tig up tothe lesser OF 1.7 Tie 0F 1.0 Tiyy + 100 fe-1b (138 Nem. After each inerement, in- spect the concrete surface for cracks. Stop the test when splitting or steel failure prevents the torque from being i creased further or the lesser Of 1.7 Ti OF 1.0 Tyg + 100 fil (138 Nm) is reached. For each test, record the maximum tongue. Record the torque at the formation of the first hairline ‘rack at one or both anchors and the maximum torque that ‘canbe applied to the anchors. 9.44 For load-controlled anchors, install the anchors ac- ‘cording to the manufacturers instructions. 9.4.5 For displacement controlled anchors that are intend ‘do perform properly without an installation torque, install ‘the anchors according tothe manufacturers specifications. 9.4.6 Requirement—For torque-controlled anchors, there shall be no spliting up toa torque ofthe lesser Of 1.7 Ti of 1.0 Tig + 100 ft-1b (138 Nm). The 5% fractile of the record- ed torque value ealealated according to Appendix A2 and normalized of, = 2500 Ibfin.?(17 MPa) by Eq. (A 1-1) shall be larger than the lesser of 17 Tig OF LO Tyg + 100 feb (138 Nin. If this requirement is not met, repeat the tests with increased values fF cy 84 fr Sy Uti the requirement is ret. For displacement-controlled expansion and undercut sachors and load-contrelled anchors, the edge shall not be damaged during the soting process. Ifthe anchors do not meet these equirements, do the following: + Hold cin constant, increase Spm install the anchors according 10 Sections 9.433, 9144, oF 94.5 until no spliting occurs; and + Hold sg Constant, increase cpm install the anchors according 10 Sections 9.4.3, 94:4, or 9.45 until no spliting occurs. Report these minimum edge and spacing distances {9.5—Service-condition shear test for single anchors without spacing and edge effects (Table 6.1, Test 9 and Table 6.2, Test 11) is testis intended to evaluate the shear capaty of anchors as governed by steel failure in situations where the shear capacity cannot be reliably calculated. Per- form shear tests in uncracked concrete for anchors whose ‘cross-sectional area, within five anchor diameters of the shear failure plane, is less than that of a threaded bolt of the ‘samenominal diameter as the anchor. Calculate V, using Ap- pendix A2, Where such shear tests are not required, the an- ‘chor shear steel strength shall be determined by the methods of ACI 318, 9.6—Service-condition, simulated seismic tension tests (Table 5.2, Test 12) 9.6.1 Purpose—These optional tests are intended to evalu- ate the performance of anchors in seismic tension, including the effects of cracks and without edge effects. 9.6.2 Tests—Perform tests that simulate pulsating seismic tension loading on anchors at the shallowest embedment for which the anchor is to be qualified for use in cracked con- crete, Anchors shall be permitted to be tested at deeper em- bedments to verify higher load capacities at deeper ‘embedments. Install the anchor in a closed crack according to Section 6.4. Open the crack to 0.020 in. (0.5 mm). If no torque is specified by the manufacturer, finger-ighten the anchor before testing, Test internally threaded anchors with a bolt as specified by the manufacturer and report in Table 11.1, Subject the anchors to the sinusoidally varying tension loads specified in Table 9.1 and Fig. 9.1, using a loading fre- quency between 0.1 and 2 Hz where:we EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POST-NSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS 355.245 Neg = the maximum seismic tension test lad, equal to 50% of the mean tension capacity in cracked concrete from reference tests; Nm = one-fourth the mean tensioncapacity in cracked ‘concrete from reference tests; and Ne = Weg+Nq V2 ‘After the anchor has undergone the simulated seismic ten- sion cycles, load the anchor in tension to failure using an ini- tial crack-opening width not less than the crack-opening width at the end ofthe cyclic test. Record the peak of each load cycle and the corresponding anchor displacement et peak tension I te anchor fails before completing the cycies required in Table 9.1, record the number of cycles and the load at failure. 9.633 Requirements—All anchots shall pass the simulated seismic-tension load fest. Anchors that are tested in cracked concrete {w = 0.020 in. (0.5 mm)] at 50% ofthe mean ulti- mate static capacity shall be rated at full capacity as deter- ‘mined ftom the static test results normalized to the concrate strength ofthe test member. Anchors that fail during the ¢ clic tension tests shall be permitted tobe tested at lower mex- imam cyclic loads to establish # reduced nominal pullout capacity. Anchors that are tested at lower maximum eyelic test losds shall have their nominal tensile capacity lowered by the ratio of the tested maximum cyelic load to $0% of the ultimate static capacity. The mean residual capacity of the anchors in the test series in the tension test shall be atleast 80% of the mean capacity of the corresponding reference tests lowered by the ratio of the tested maximum cyclic load 0 50% ofthe ultimate static tension capacity 9.7—Service-condition, simulated seismic shear tests (Table 5.2, Test 13) {9.71 Purpase—These optional tests are intended to evalu- ate performance under simulated alternating seismic shear loading. 9.72 Tests—Test anchors atthe shallowest embedment for which the anchor is to be qualified for use in cracked con- «rete, Anchors shall be permitted to be tested at deeper em- bedments to verify higher load capacities at desper ‘embedments, Install the anchors in cracked concrete accord- ing to Section 6.2. If no torque is specified by the manufac- turer, the anchor shall be finger-tightened before testing, For internally threaded anchors, test with a bolt as specified by the manufacturer and reported in Teble 11.1. Subject the an- ctiors tothe sinusoidally varying shear loads specified in Ta- ble 9.2 and Fig. 9.2. Separate reference tests o determine the shear capacity shall be performed in 0.020 in. (0.3 mam) cracks when the shear capacity cannot be determined accord- ing to Section 9.5, Table 5.2, Test 11. The test parameters of| embedment depth, crack orientation, and concrete strength shall be the same as in the seismic shear test. Load parallel to the direction of the crack, with a frequency of loading be- tween 0.1 and 2 Hz. To reduce uncontrolled sliding during load reversal, the alternating shear loading shall be permitted to be approximated by the application of two half sinusoidal load cycles at the desired frequency, connected by a reduced- speed, ramped load as shown in Fig. 9:3 After the simulated scismic-shear cycles have been run, test the anchors to failure in static shear. Record the peak sheer load of each half cycle ‘and the corresponding anchor displacement in the direction of foad. Plot the load-displacement results in the form of hys- teresis loops, where: Veg = the maximum seismic shear test losd, equal to ‘one-haif of the mean capacity in cracked con- ‘rete from shear tests or calculated shear capac- ity ofthe steel according to ACI 318; Vq = one-fourth of the mean shear capacity in ‘cracked concrete from tests or calculated from steel capacity; and % (Weg + V2. 9:73 Requirements—All anchors teste sll pass the simulated seismic-shear load test. Anchors that are tested at ‘acyclic shear of 50% of the mean ultimate shear capacity shall berated at full capacity as determined in the static tests. “Anchors that fail during the tests shall be permitted to be test- ‘ed at lower maximum cyclic loads. Anchors that are tested 10 30 100 Fig. 9.1 Loading patter for simulated seismic-tension test. Me *V, Ne Bt 00 amber "7 0 of cytes Fis. 9.2—Loading pattern for simulated seismic-shear test. ‘Table 9.1—Required history of seismic tension load Teadievel Ta ® ®, Nanberofeytes[” 10 Ey oo ‘Table 9.2—Required history of seismic shear load ond evel Number of ei 0 100 | | |