Elizabeth A. Zachariadou a Romania and the Turks ~ .1300-c.1500) Dr, Elizabeth A. Zachariadow VARIORUM REPRINTS. London 1985BrishLitrary CIP dase Revs Copyright © 1985 by Published in Geo Brin by Printed in Great Brain by Zacharadoa, Bizabeth A, Romana and oe Tusk (6.1300 6 1800)— (Colected ster eres C323) turkey Hisiory Otoman Empire, 1288918 tie 536° Raw IspNosaireiss3 ‘asia Reprints Varn Rin SHIRT conv s20 Butler & Tanner Lid Frome, Somes VARIORUM REPRINT CS21t Preface 1 um ‘CONTENTS Observations on Some Frcica otPachymeres eve des Etats Byzantines Paris, 1978 a achymeres on the ‘Amous of Kestamom, Brant and Modern Greck Suis ford, 1978 ‘Trebizond and the Turks (1352-1402) “Appeon Mésno0 35, Birranghan Symposiur “Black Sea Moreh 57a ‘Athens, 1979 Manuel 1 Patcologus nthe Se Between Bayend fed Kai Buhin stDin Nee ut ofte coat Oren nd incon ete AS res “he Catalans of Athens and the Begining ofthe Turkish Expansion nthe Nepean Aes Sud ederal,Sr Spot 261-267 57-70 333.358 71.481 821-838vi va IK XxIL yeraet we Ty ypovors: sos bprivon Absa (23) “Ags nadry rh Asvo Toatrn. ™ Thessaloncn, 1978 Mia &xdqusyAwooer owv9r¥ ‘708 XmBnp"AiBivoyhov Bysantinische Zeitschrift 38 hich, 1968 Ertogrul Bey, il sovrano di Teologo (Efeso) Att dela Societd Ligure @Stona Payia, N.S, V (LXXLX). Genoa, 1905 Prix et marchés des céréales en Romanie (1343-1405) Nuova Rivista Storica LX. Milan, 1977 John VI (alias Andronicus) Palaeologus ‘Dumbarton Oaks Papers 3. Washington, D.C, ‘Les *janissaires” de rempereur byzantin Studia trcotogica memoriae ‘Alexi Bomboe! dita, Isitto Unversario Oriental, Seminario di Stud Asia, Sees Minor XIX, Naples, 2982 ‘The Conquest of Adrianople bythe Turks ‘Studi Venesioni XIU Venice, 1970 25.28 155.161 291-308 591-597 m127 Xu xiv xv XVI Index vi igns ‘of Mehemmed Il (1484, 1455) Annali del! into Oriente Napa NS. ALY (Ser Inonore di Laura Veco Vagei). Reples, 1964 Tuderiy unnpsnokn 700 Kaa ov IE'slova i ae ee Early Ottoman Documents ‘of the Prodromos Monastery (Serres) Sadost Forschungen XXVII, ‘Munich 1553" Ottoman Documents from the Archives ‘f Dionysiou (Mount Athos) 1495-1520 Sides Forschung ‘Munich, 1971 "8" aia BypBord ary toropta, ‘00 Nontoavarohucot Alyacou Bhaueuera Athens, 1968 [This volume contains a total of 304 pages] 837-840 280-292 12 13s 184230 140PUBLISHER'S NOTE “te ails in this volume, a all ters in the pect! Suit have not bean geno ne¥, Cateye, modo sbldcnitn os same tse where tse sme sts hv feet Stet the onal Papin has Deon SERA Sheep ee eee eee Gela pet a Roman sume in oder Ones Sed fhe Content Tis number eee page an uote To he index en. PREFACE “The Rise of the Otioman Empite” remains an impressive stan phenomenon, Around the yea 1300 the Ottoman tate ts jst one Turkish ete among several which had emerged Krom the beak ap ofthe old Seljuk sultanate of Asia Mino. During the fist haf of the fourteenth century some ofthese frites consolidated their poston, others were jst able f0 Stunt thet posesons, while othr daapeared completly bua few among them sakes ot scum toieadeship among the ‘Tors: By te end ofthe fourteenth century became manext that it was the Oomans who bad taken the leads approximately hala ony ltr by capturing Constantinople, the Ottomans repleed ihe Byeanine Empire. The importne developments in fourteenth century pe COvtoman Aia’Minos, wich allowed the metamorphosh Of 4 Stal emirate into s mighty emp, are es known trough the Sings of those who atcompliied' tht achievement than through texes compos by theif opponent: fst by Byzantines nd then by Latin involved in trade and polis of Romani, mainly Ventians and Genoese. ‘The eat Tusish chronicles that have been preserved Belong #0 the second half ofthe ftceah century and ony s few of them repeat sources cbviously Composed in the fourteenth century. However, the Tusksh deri ouch can wun 28 ly conten he vents wbich they report, are fundamental ecatse they Teves ‘he pict of that pied ° “The pinpose of mov of the articles reproduced inthe present volume i's reexamination or a reinterpretation of sources Clntying the history ofthe years daring wich the face and the fat of Romania changed under Turkish pressure: the emergence of the emirates inthe late ireenth and early fourteenth Senturis, the dihad of the Tuiksh ghasi which affcted the Whole of Romania, the supremacy of the Ottomans and their Subsequent conquest ofthe Balkans‘Three articles, lastly, are based on Ottoman documents deriving from Greek archives. Studies in fifteenth century ‘Ottoman history have considerably advanced thanks to reseatch made with the help of Ottoman defters revealing the timer ‘System, Monastic archives, which have been less well studied, reveal the status of monastic property and consequently the policy of the Sultans towards their Christian subjects, who always Constituted the majority of the Balkans ELIZABETH A. ZACHARIADOU Montreal ‘August 1984 OBSERVATIONS ON SOME TURCICA OF PACHYMERES: Inthe scond volume of the Byzoninonacica of G. Moraes indexing ‘Turkbh names and words occurring in Byzantine text there i under the entry nbane (the Greek rendering ofthe te bef or bet?) a Us of names combined with this tie, Among them one reas ’ABpda-naE, KeorSipe sreic, Eedopucrak and Toaolu-nafig all four mentioned by the histo: rian Geoepe Pachymeres. ‘The transcription of bek by nek or wai appears, at Ms sight at least, strange, for there is no obvious reason why the Turkish consonant § or K Should be rendered by « Greok f. The question becomes more puzzlisg, in evo other instances in the fextofPaciymeres isl the word appears 5 eas or ns? : this occurs With eespect to the fesy wellnown amit of Menteshe Bédrame or Pandya. Mabuc o nba the wsual trans- authors of the xvth century. Therefore amination of the forms raf nd matic could prove tha Pachymeres 1M, Brn Rat. 20; se. 6 Mere Tonge rn atte rey L220) SLES Calter coat iy be candi te ten AG, Mune oe ts Toca hu Wire, ‘oa Manga Dey ase nF Ws Seen gdm f doe etch ioe, Ven, vis oh Neen hn aeusin warns. Moreover the sultan acknowledges the ‘AowaStenrs popertis and comands that no-one shoud be owed {Prsntur the oaks by denouncing thom in he buna is typical that the whole document alms a ensuring the safety and freedom of ‘hemor "The cocoments of Musa and Mehemmed I bring full evidence that J stuton was quite diferent in 14d and {418 The tno pele do tot teler vaguely fo the fee state ofthe monks. They enbmeate he Imonastery’s properties and they otder ils exempllon fom taxes which {hey mune pely Toe Ostortn amination wes well estabished inMecefona by tes. (bee Hudoe byaotings" 99 (1918) protee 2 XVI Ottoman Documents irom the Archives of Dionysion (Mount Athos) 1495—1529 an Ze nm ator tt aa ct irs er a tert to fee Shae Ses ae ot nat ey eee ee Sat sa Beet at eth err oe reas Chon ln genes Ge Sy ay td ie ct Semen a ey a ey sjermalttng ken crt len fie cil soures ecm ne eae fees uae een Sm othe Tee eet ag ti ah yt Spans tte ype we STL eee Biles sr rene Sg Se eee met ey oh SESS cei ae ee eT ne cane tons grrr, geht He Kos eo crc STIRS Aes [Sor ene acre orang oan eh Se tig ot oeeee Saas ear al et Fe ects ofthe tgion of Tehtnd ako survived he ccantnse ‘wr nari oe athe ae coat Rlatovtnessteinnars, tai esa aim dye AAS vet dtens T6“Ave “Ogu su Obs mest Nate RREriereey earcrene potent rd ae (oman Dacian ofthe Prkcomor Macatry eres Sits Portage 2 ae . SV Ta teste, Fah deve dainde tein ve velar Reser estes he Congtrrs Tin} wet Laake 18t'p 17 tee te ee ‘ses th mene of Lahn wi con ally be aed i sere.a bad condition, is preserved in the archives of the St.Paul monastery (Mount Athog) there ia also mention of bis relations with the Imonastery of Serve). Some documents issued when the Byzantine {Domination sve restored in Macedoaia after Boyaztds defeat at Ankara {Hoa} contan some adational information primarily concerning The Salonika snd Mount Athos daring the fst Ottoman conquest A decree (prostagin) of Manuel if of 1408 stator that manastc property was Shtrely taken by the Ottomans); but its doubiul that this statement tan be flly accepted. Thee is Some evidence forthe contrary. Some ‘ther documents imply that ot least some monasteries continved to porsess thor lad). Itsecms that monastic property was not consigerad nloudable but it was more respected than that belonging to ladivi: (duals Ina document, presumably ofthe year 1403, we Fead that some {years before, the Turks had taken land situated in Porta. wid, Belonged to the monnstery of Fxphigmenou and to e ceriain George ‘Anatavias, the lend wat given to 2 Muslim but later the monks ‘managed to take st bade in Its whole, io, their share together with {hat of Anatavow) A few other documents are very revealing forthe taxation system impored by the Oulamans upon tho monesteres of Alhos". ‘One document of Musa éelebi (1412) and another of Mchemmed Gelebs (141) show that the monastery of Serres malntalned good elations with Bayazie's sons). With respect to Murad Il we Know {hata census of the monastic Iond of Mount Athos took place euting ‘ls reign) also a document of tha yaar 1422 preserved in Yery poor 75 Bion, Les aiinns Mgendaies ot Fstoie de Xéopotnon te Sait pees (ost ius ie not ‘eran that i naar oni Oe mate att Zan i805 Prcalon eae eS Guy Thelin: Sah anim «Neoshan 9 (05, p26 For Soya Ts potey In Thetlonen ae aia vow 2 wit Petit WeRegel, Acer JEsphignenos: Vieni) Vremenit 12 rota p. 40 7 Asiys fhe documents te 10 be fou ern reupe tenn de AV" ihe mete ti Haine St Rpts Sa, 8,9 8 1) See below 28g x (tomes Basten to Arie Dein nln of Taclge fu SES SeHS Ply Be aa “Reveal anol fone ewes sey Se ome el Sy te tay the year 1446 concerning the monastery of Victscy anes ‘There follow a document of 181 tor hours eae 8 These 1400 for the monastery of Serres, Tae sane sen SOT ot Set es te nga st ist one, 1450, he granted the monastery of Ayia Sophia (or Ayia hic ire oh ou Nhl Sha yaad to the Christian mother of his grand vezir Mahim. the ny of Sonn Reon of Sean eam te he aly two documents issued by Mehemmed Ils cc ceors soo ea ema ron Fae ce Setar 5 ena oe 9. frm ert» ony at Bh sty, SU cota om igus Soon Ba eet Bie hep. tc aenpt ah ns aaaag Se ac ‘'e, Bebinger, Von Amurath me Ara th ie 98 an an lend ey a ts es th Hist‘ et taahe nae wih many Otooen tess ieue or t Jee sn erat ay ek Sune TPA pe Neat of tint ek Asan co ‘oven ate Mh nace Sopra agar eta eo BE site eke a Wop aati aoe aerate ee to Val ta tie in ota ae Soins Sascay M Zachariadou, op cit, p 78 cil oboe lage ai tne oe a nr 0a he = Selig Racine = oo SEE ach AP ecm nin Retina ange ah ta Se Seems ARE at ete Ta Ot Tas me sree ite cue Shs mt 4 RO 3rial being 0 limite, it can be easily ossumed that itis too early w draw concusions about the history ofthe Greck mona te the and het 0h cer wht ca nt r‘cvt i that tne Otlossan sitens granted to them privileges Wor Sivays the seme ones — concerning taxation"). 1 give below the [Eas ol te 1 easier Otomon documents preserved Inthe erdves he monestery Dionysioe om Mount thor"). As women sre hot Showed'ts enter is nos venerated place worked using pbotoaraphs Greer by my ecllages inthe Cente of Byzantine Studies of Athens. HeeeRlag hae documents Tam very indebted to Prot HJ. Kissing, Eeesot of te initat fr Concise nd Halter des Nehon Oren, tho wes ustlting with his asstanee and lime While Iwas fn Munich in the winter of 1067-8. A Decrees 1. Ferman of Bayard 1 Fist decade of Safer 901 (21—30 October 485) ‘The Redl of Thestalonite tr ordered to elle « pute for tive ier between the moake of Dlonysiow andthe Christians of Porta G ‘Original, 423 X 162 cum. Notes oa the verso: a) XVUKVIIth ceat.: + roU warl vg, eh reine Relenn) ohet .— Pa {savocato) * ttoohea) 1s palo aor ate ety elt BF MY AS as 8 ale Aly Jal Dy Ss Aan st eT se ah a gyal gle Oop ah a US cs ht Thy Solem al Bb Sly Ap oo BU a 0! i OIE adn Bote Sh 8 oS iy Ba 8) C2 cae 4 la shee Spt Sah toa FN aby eal de alll SH Ste PAE Ot a ie Ea lak 2 le an Zn yl GA en Sey i ile BS Naa MD el at at Sa a Fodboe, Daal oxy tein wh Nocaernsn’ Ati [A Conteatos We Sitny ‘a RELI Atec Sa Spee 1 Cn eBysneS "a rel port ofthe document enumerstod above were issued to arantexepot sa “iSyat fe lhccoeeshcsy ened ihe ashen of fg meme tees of Sopa bs tobe edeed tot froma deste ofthe Year 152909 sn tint oy alee enoyed ead prvegesoce GONDII gin, sara vo Psa LVS isthe Sittin Eat ap nes “iene “Athos during the XVth and the XVID centy fo be fund in SE avon esvbogy aval Manos (HOTT SFRG2oui eta. Theaelnde op 4 (tocan Decent rm te Arie Das “Translation: {invocatlo) Hol {hphrel Boys, son of Muhammad Khan, ever vitro, ‘The gory among the Kal andthe dpe te shosegy, ote Tord the kad! of Thesaonige sng nye ahd ‘When the imperial sign arzives be it kaswn toot of tae et the Bearer of the imperial fermen, the moni Rane reste thimos, came to my Porte, the home of justice, end made knows fellows: “eines of Poti took witout Care esl (Carl), which are in our possession (tassel ey id an nc {wth oa opens sama ody ea Ths beg zo | have Smmanded at you aro t ati Logue ano eng snd invests ange fd te human law: youn foto if he pean gH fields, which are in their possession, against the human la ia Is betes proved and edt sccrdoe teehee a" a {2 ore: that ey be allowed tote a you en ay aera Si psn, Yo net we ae ak son ye ‘you are to cont ‘case once it has been investi ‘and decided according to the holy law, pee You ere 1 pace felt’e pon the nb sgn ‘Written in the first decade of the bl fet in the year In the residence peaeeeeamree Of Contatsot. 2. eran of Baya 11 ‘die deca of Ste 01 (21 Ceober—9 Novenber ‘he hal of Zinn Is ordered to told te sabe Toast abe taxes fem the monk for tar ee In Oras ia 28 mT sn prt oh ppv ah ten See a ae Si ates ttogha ein doe SOU eb ah eB Aa prt i el 1 tt Pe EE teh eS SE oo ons ool Sees OO oe Set 9b ih SN i PB 3A BF tay le oa SO Sh Sree Sh yg aS py Kh ih AEN tot Sous Soo BF gl easel gil bs ll He Mies Dai os. Mirada Sol oot eggs aS ea ce ah ae ae Sie at ote ot me alTranslation: itso) an doe. 1) 1 most jst among th kad ofthe Muslims, the best emong the governors of te movotnelsts our Tord the Radi of Zikhna, ay ig tae endore ‘When ne exalted imperial sgn ansives a it known tht at this proyent some of the otis of the monastery of the Holy Mountaa Euled Predromou came to my sublime Pore end svbmited a Petition Sfolows: thoy said tht they bave fie inthe wilage Orphast, {hat this wilage is bast and Umar of the model among the powerful ets he esanple among the eminent great the owner of the Lbshaken power and thigh glory, amy vest ekender peshar ey Ie high alles and dignlies endure; tel the subarea he above Inealoned do not fake form them what they teed orgie unt nowy thoy want (6 lake more. "Kow itis necessary that you see whelever they used to give ont ow out of the product of clitveion made in the ks wy are in tat village aad you are to order and allow them to give that opt You wil ot allow forhar sour. “rae you are to know ‘Witan inthe second decade of the blesed Sefer inthe yea 90 In the residence 0 Constntinopi, 3. Ferman of Boyasid 11 Last decade of Shaban 606 (1220 March 1501) ‘The Kadi of Thossalonika is ordered to protect the five talae of the Dionysiow monastery against future disputes. ‘hia 8 18m Note on th verso) XVIRVI ct: + Se wb inoue Homer) ene Pate tnvocatio) ” tbaghra) (in oe.) Pi ML Rayne FUN sls ey le pM a (ES Fe tal insu Fy le Bb! el Sl ct ad LA iE ay BL A wn 08) kd Se So FRSC BSS yi) Seb wee Ha Fo gat nid Sy 8 8a as ie Sam Wy S50 ne lo S| gf SAPS nt jo J cog an HS ung ae a Be Bogert Soe po decal So ne oh iy 2 Se SEM 8st Coal eked Bhny wa mais Sl 6 xv ‘Otten Docent ome Arties of Dcnsoe PUA sl MY i 8 5 ey a deste i, ait os ‘nn ram ts te ‘Pa most as eong the kaso lam, the best aong the gover: ‘ots of mankind the source of vntue ead mages mee {Abia the Judge’ of the proleced Tanonty, oy Rt Zan ‘When the exalted imperial sgn arrives bei hc te ea ese it tow that at this rsen the bearer of th sacred dct the maak yey at Anthimos, came to my eublime Porte an made hao ea cl in the pst the Infidels of Portaria ageiat the holy ata te see Jaw wanted to take fve erable eld faa) which srt one Seat som {hs lflr ws investigated acciring Yo ee gence fered decee andthe shove mentioned puted aes eet in ou f2vour On this [decision wo have ie oer ae a ces waded that you are to ook nto the men- ‘ontets are proved end conform tote te proceed eccordinghy sod to conf silow anyone who want to tats, wit, tt cause, the mentioned places by making claims tnd disp gn the mentioned deed; you are to punish any who oppose oo ign F027 1 Eno You te 1 loe rl pon the noble ages ing ito t you are fo place this saced decree in Weiten inthe last decade of Shaben in the yer 806 In the residence of Constentinopie 4, Ferman of Biyaatd 11 9th Dhue 00 ath May 1508) Alter the Intercession of the Wallachian voyveda the rltan come mands thatthe Ziti Katakali pays a fied sum (622 alee) instead of te tithe, [Sena 398% 15 wm The etn pt of he pape ove teat br ten tat Noles o te vero a) VIDS cnt ye eb enor SBR nd oozes earn SIP elan Hugh fs in doe 1) Li gt SL ell gp Sal Ze (Ay al eS an Jat Suh SD hch ca abe i bak SW ps tail oe tele 28 od i ea 8 ot al Se Ss aS Sa aoe dod pony SHOT We SIP Gh pte Si AN Fs a gl (Sloe Bel doe it Sil Hts dos Boke OS wae Te aa ae Se Sn ea Tre BE AE ah Fin Eps cs OB wl SY Se Aa bg ee wl olay ahs Dl oS SP coe pl i Of et dl Fe Boy hy Se ead Shy enh Sh Cl le 3 al o Al ‘Teenslation: ugha) (2 in doe. 1) ‘The glory among the kadis and the judges, the mine of virtue and ‘theology, who distingushes the canonically lawl from th probibited, four lord the kadt of Thossalonika, may his virtue endure, ‘When the imperial sign arrives be it known that Mahmud éelebi, ‘who in the pest made the census of the vilayet (vilayet yeran) ogistered 523 akZe as revenue (hasl)of the Eitik of the monastery Katakal, whichis dependent of the monesteries of the Holy Mou tain, and inseribea it in the defter; for this reason the tithe (Usb) was taken from the mentioned {ftik. Now Radul voyvoda, the voyvods ‘of Wallaiia, come to my sublime Porte and expressed hope saying “the mentioned monastery is connected with me, instead ofthe vane of 523 akte registered as revenuo ofthe if, Leta fixed stm (mak) be taken; lt the tithe not be taken." As this petition was submitted in presence of my glory, 1 accepted, 1 gave this sacred decree ond T have commanded. from thle day ‘onwards from the revenue of the &itik of the mentioned monastery there i to be received the sum of 523 ak&e; more is not to be veceived tnd the cevenue is ot to be subjected to tho tithe, The eubasbie nd the amis and the others are not to act egainst the commend. ‘Thus you ere to know; and after looking into it you aze to place thie sacred decroe in the Rands of the monks of the mentioned mona tery: you are to place reliance upon the noble sign ‘Written on the th day of the month Dhu'/- Hie in the year 98 In the residence ‘of Constantinople, a xv ‘ttn Docs tom Andi longi 5, Fermen of Selim 1 et Djenad 29 9 The tat of Taso Dita ead epee tae ae a Ee ve eat a hth ieee SRS Bate et se ores 8 hus | wb Novara Repanae: XR cat hee ete lashes Al ts ge 5 SA st ye hy a a ga Sie Sa SE eS wt a ay bag ea a i iy NN He 28 Sa So SS oe Le aw afe e le SB ae LS Sore eee re Ee ere eR ee et a Fas fa Sn Sd tee Pet ol Site ee Sg ate CO Rin Brae bec ue aae PSOE Lea eet T ctareans penkated SRLS ee nepal finns te pre S tan fll SpA cle dae Fe aS a cae oh Se boop oe Sie EH al py Sl prensa gh Mt eat ad Mahal she oh! G34 soll gg al need thy CSE Pa eed toy aii alee Sh tales ie ‘Translation: (Bughra} Selim, son of Beyezid Khan, aver victorious, The omament among the kadis and the Judges, the mine of vttae ‘ond theology, our lord the Kat of Thessalonika, may his virtue enduce, ‘Whan the exalted imperial sign arrives bet known tht inthe pat ‘wen the defter of the census ofthe land was made, 52) ake were registred 95 revenve for the fiflik of the monastery of Kalskl Iwhlcs i a dependent of the monasteries of the Holy Mountain oF {his reason the tithe (she) was taken fom this Ete. Later the voy. ode of Walladia, Ratil voyvods, came to my subiime Porto and ‘expressod hope saying: “the mentioned monestary is connected With{Ei Ie a fixed maakt) be Due tins peton my deceared fther sultan Bayes then tay grave be peta fo inant — commanded fated of tu {ithe sogstared nthe skte were to betaken ar ited suns nbs guve a dectee accordingly. Later those who were holders of ie tinal did aot act In acordonce with the doer tn thls Rende nd they wanted agein to ask the tte from thom. They (the mous} ie precstad'a writen petition and my father granted inert Acre soyng: “you are t order and lt them take sta fixed sum 32, AtEe according tothe given decree n tho post if in the fire sou io haldrs ofthe times went to take the Uke from them, you are {o\prevent and forbid them and you ae not to fet them take = "Thus being so, now by the belp of God thoy were brought fo my pore he tone of the Sultense, the home of the Calipbao, fora now decon 1 have commanded: you are to look nto the secre Acree given by my Goceese father an se, you are fo act according {0 thie decree) you te nol to et anyone cote trouble snd dispute hunst iy you ee to prevent thore wanting todo soy you are tote hd make frown those who do not desist and who oppose, You wi ‘ot make necessary for them 10 come to my Ports with goigrances on this subject ‘Taos you ere to know; and ter looking into it you ae going to piace this imperil decree in their hands, you are f0 place ‘elence Spon the noble ign ten nthe second decade othe month Djemadi Inthe year, In the camp of tnajagee 6. Ferman of Selim 1 Last decade of Djemadi If 919 (23 August—t Soptember 1513) ‘The kadl of Thessalonika is ordered to protect the fifi Keakelh of the monastery Dionysiou against future sispater. igual, 70% trim Notas he vero: NVIVILN cent oye ey esa be (i Hern Bi xcanron aol) guy ©) SUV Se Caches van Sv ve onions ave) Ba liavocatio) ” ‘Maghr(as in doc.) EWN Wye abally eV gle eal cl all te tell Fy oll i Sea ee SF pe dt Sy Sule oo ie Ub al abe tame 10 xv A oF sa ohio wih ome an tang ie, oo PERI ele OF is ie co ls a pn YB belie temptic Cees et retin EE ee I oe a Set A A jie Bh ta de jolt OAT pl eh Oy A ay el a Se eg esate el ail al AA Sled pl eres oe we ‘Translation: Unvocati Het (baghrs (sin doe. 5) The most just among th Kade ofthe Musins, the best among the govemots a te monathit the nee ator ond feet ‘nent of the wisdom ofthe propel and the me Ee Gaia tla fn ny Sn ee enn “ela tans gu a Sd Singin Sea Dot ofa nein oe ago ane code oa ogee te sete te ete iy oe i ads thn ROT pera an stam St apc age i529 Salone yee mn a en eee ‘ope i a epi eee Sa sehen le tt ohare ‘them severly, i "= pe Yo io esate pen he i ign ater ing ‘in their hands. ™ Mien ne lt eof feet te yu Jn the camp ms 2 Bsc Bie7 Ferman of Selim 1 ‘Middle de ‘The sultan commands thet the Cte Kat (ao? ake} instead of the tithe. ‘nnn 42% Sam, Neto th vero: VINEE cents Fog 5. edn a let ee Kenstin fas pS av tv nee een Sean gee Upheld. 5) eh ght Aa a adie egy al Se ee ot gat SS gular Soe ae) Mg sos Fede So Ye Ge 88 Ea op Hae oS En Ma Fy Sh Ls Seo a al SS he ol Se ay soar oa is oY ot Ky ce ga sd Soe San pd Boh AAR BRE fn op lS GS AE TT BD Fe uC eale eh ser UE a Sa oe Se SAU as a yd Need cae oe J 9 oN Spon de tos eH get 8D neal bo a bin OS le Sica SEB Fae MAD my te ae pl ie ca gd Ss ees oh ee MOS et BP SUE aS of Djomatt 1 925 (11-20 May 1519) It paye a fined sum ‘Translation: IRoghra (28 in doe. 5) ‘The most Just among the keds of the Muslims, the best among the governors of the monothests, the mine of theology and knowledge, ‘ur Jord the kadi of Thestaonika, may bis virtue endure ‘When the exalted imperil sign arrives be it known thatthe bearers of the imperial ferman, the monks called Alexios end Mekarion, ho fate of the monks of the monastery st A eo i ad he a 8 Nh SG Set in 8 oe 8 any Go ES as AM Fk Oe hs es AE a we Sea es Sa Pe I Ne Ce el TS Bre Gin ae ee ge dns BET Fah gal i, Ep Slee ee ogo isd het fs oa Stel Se UIT ae ce deal eri te Wy a al ate SE LT sake paar le aia val oo Sees my Gn ag aa van STE abaya BF Hyde hk Bets aio ll Se By wigs py te ete BA Hey eg ky ety aay SH (Lat aie of Thossalonika Yahya ibn Hamza (represen: ting the molla Zayn al“ABidin) testifies; Ahmed Dizdarogla, the holder bf the timar (mer er) of the field Katakali — neat Kelemaria —ac ‘nowledgod that he farmed out (mukata'aya satu the whole venue Of this field for one year, rom the 12th of Spaban (2rd ane, ie the Beginning of March (Mart Ibtdasindan) of 906 [1501} to the monks of the monastery Dionysiou and received 900 akée from them. The dock ‘ment Ls placed in the ands of the monks to be sod if necessary ‘Date, names of tho witnesses: Mevlana Sinen fon al-Kaesom Me: hhommed ibn Sinan, the KAtib; Mehemmed iby Umur Fakin, the Kat (ofthe court; Kasim ibn ‘Abdullah; Yusut fbn Kalofal (2); many others Summary: The moll 10, A receipt. 20th Djemadi 1 915 (Sth September 1508) ‘Mohommed iba Rosota acting for the account of the timar-holde: ofthe Zifllk Katekal Mall €ausb recelves 523 akte from the mozks of Dionysio. (rh 28> 15m. Note ox the vero: XVIPXVIRA cant: Xo tbh Say ttonesr Sure) fs Paani wb Bae) Reena {e89 GE, Gnayer = Pe 1 Iinvocatio} ” So HAM i ote dar Loe BS ae ea Sa SU AS le Ge OM SM A Fl a at was AF a eM Sine A a Nala AB ay ee Sa RN ASM ae Tt a “ XVI fi de pape anron Bhd so nrg Laer ereieen Ret ehaee 7 Bo ah a ea ol eS he ee Te PENT te le aad de at Soa ee Se aS at ae ey Shy ey aed a a OE se estas, eb cay ote shes seen os ae oat ot go iatiacins ieee tree ener etn ail ah ed Sve a a “ht eg Pa my conitats a fked sum (makts) wile Be saehe oe {nthe hand of the monk to be tod if tose Date ames of the witness Kethda Uvers fon Kana ‘Sean ofl Matemmed Gi Umar Baie faseyr cies ijt Hamza ibn “Abdullah; Mehemmed Hodja sha Turk a ‘Imam; the Katib "Abdi iba Hadjé ‘Alt, Saad 11, Findings of the tavestigtion Fiat decade of Ra 1916 (20 Apil—s May 15 Afior investigation the borders ofthe ie Kaluall are ted sot ‘18 proved thatthe monks of Dionysau should pay enly« xed some cia 9 16 = Pa Soy is cell ey a EA Wy cy Se a ai a at Uy Do als SSIS oe a ee a ae Le ae al WIS he Ml le ah aes A ad oe 2 ah al el a ead ch ee NO ch le thse SUH AY a olin Se st ad ad aig Ody cl Ea ees nth AN AS Gar tls i ne as ik Ms MGA ie ANS mg ea hl go at 1s.xv in Jat se Jay Del olen al ad dea Be a aa ie a od sa ls ose eat ps wi ais a MOG eh a So Sangh SEA gh en oan Seb nb ca SU alia oh cue My 9g Saad a doe py ee Raga sade cus tod onl oso em Dean boy SOL a recg ctl om sn aol Salis snee BSAA Sale sea ake bite sal ok Me Se Et ls aa ML eae holt al oe a ph mh gig ga a eats gab come Ok Cag ned gin a Md Gao ON Bah a Spey epee are iar aS MO ay le See Taga ng edad Sul ee Ses cies cette eat ely arom Bae fae Wa go MG Ag BuLs ay sty ds dhe Wo ate Yas Bus ately Be Behe ab A San Sie aly PU ADI pe eA Cos tty atl) tly aot dy ey LT Se EL] Summary: The molles of Thessalonika Lutfi {bn Hasan ond Ishak ‘ba “Tea testify that Moslineddin, a man in the service of Mehommed ‘aj, the son of deceased vezir Datd pasha, on the one hand and the monks from the ete Katakall stunted in Kalamari, a dependent of the monastery Dionysiou, Mount Athos, Pelayios som of Yann, Joseph son of Viorgis and Antonios son of Theodore on the other, appeared to the court ‘According to Musliheddin, Mehemmed aga is the timer-holder of the village Portaria in Kalamaria; the monks culivated lend located within the timary whan they were asked to pay the tithe they refused Accorting to the monks, the land cultivated by thes was aot located within the district of Portria but st owas and for which they ‘sed to pay a fixed sum (waktu'yer), as it could be proved by a coed. ‘The judges visited the disputed land together with the disputaats and many others. The investigation proved the following: the arable fields of the Git (fig talalan} extend, starting from the West to the vineyard of Karamikbal, trom there to the arable fields of Par skeva Volkan, from there to Akblat-oadj {Achladodendron}, then 10 ‘the arabe field of Viorgt Kokil then to the arable field of Theodore 16 xv Mavromat (or Mavromyti, then tothe at tthe Peat om there i Seates ae Sie iin wh cma fo cane tet arty aie Tag monks ctpose a deed showing that ih vena iste Teg fo ey 2 fixed sum (nahn Tus hn og sa But cyto fed um nau: aay AMO 2a ee document was paced in their hands to tatty antes dbo ‘Abdullah Horr, Vsut tba ‘Abdlah chr ear amt ‘iter akovos epshopon! Pap Vion, Denia Viena ee Se Hanis Kavasias; Yiannis Voltan; Theodor China Shancionate; Dinos Kontos, Kyakos Chena; ans nese ylaktos kay Andress Geros for geront, Daneo fie ane Pa lor geron}; Dimes Phengtey [| 12. A record of real estate transaction, ast decade of Mohr 9512-21 Jnuney 150 siniBg, Rome of Dionson by hou ar linvocatios » SSD Ae Be IB oe BL ae Oe ts SEM art A Son Yt ri ad BH ee aioe aes ce tgebed a cabrgh eka Soe atl gid tifa) Pak SRS wage dl wa ee pe A gdh eS H o esda giise a ge a A pean Was Sty algae Lt po soh gab wee avi, EEE oi Sia tar SE BN gine Oth oe gee 8S BM sink da Rk hs mes raw sal ede oe Seta a Dl ly of ad wl oe Me gt mr > Wea Bi kl yb iS 2 saat Weill wexv 1 th gy Os MLD! pth Bh ay Sho oe Mle ty pa ley ar woes ate a ag Si Ou 1 Seyyid Vos Som Meher sanmary, Toe mola of SHRIREE STG Viti) Raye testes Damianot, SONS 707 jtavore, near SideroKspis, appeared ving ie eyo er 2,000 akée to the heyourenos, Mi fGhtias and Pavlos, of the mona othr Rose Ena ein Tver, vse anop ite border ate te pale ar and oP gations Dims Bree Heb SL Gs eh toni] and surroon ie e christians Rayco, Theodore and Tzarniko. snd be pst Oo winesens Meviane Mualnede Aas acca jbo Hamze al-Hayat; Mehemmed a "Abdullah al 18, A separ perl trst Rabi 1926 (20c February 52 ste monks of Dionysion aro allowed to restore the tower of thir pene [Note an the verso: XVIth cent: Xavetérny 108 stevou | wi ee Sethe sh rane so) 2 Bin: svar st 0 Bf mage pg Bl Ap fe I SAN PO Rs ot a ge be sy clo Zest gly pal Co We ind ol ale ee L eta epee oS i ee ba) ee pe ahi aaht M Si le wy OP Ai eh ed de age oad a se a gS SONOS See ree aire eee armas Gib i) A walk oe a A ake oa PPG LE Sele aiid oa NY XVI BM ete Sor i aan fl gel ate ob gd ody e.2a Mw a at cdkey fos cele ely aatels ale aw an Ey I gat Summary: The Kadi of Thessalonlka Mehemmed ibn Kasim and the molles of Siderokapisi Seyyid Vell ibn Mehemmed and "Abdul Kadir tbo “Abdullah testify: The monks Alexios and papa Maxims bf the monastery Dionysiou, sm Mount Athos, asked for persion i forder to repair the tower in front of the door of their monastery, for IW vas rained ead detrimental tothe monastery. After personal inven igotion thelr claims proved to be trve and perission was granted for the restoration of the tower to sts former condition, 13 fathom (cult) In Teagth, 5 and a haf in width with five floors Inada The document ‘was placed in the hands of the mons to be used in case of necessity, atop names of the witnesses: Mehemmed Geli ibn Sinen el Balas Hodja ‘Shirmerd ibn ‘Abdullah; Torah fbn Hint, Marad ibn “Ally Rostem ibn "Abdullah; Mustafa ibn Slyas © Copy trom the detter 14 The uninhabited fold Katakali belonging to the region of Kala sari, in the Fagha Livas, is the timar of the Yenictr: Karadja and pays tho fixed sum of 897 akée. 16tn Djemaai 1925 16t8 May 151) ria, 2% 104m ols fa the paper, Note on the vero) MINA cect sssuney Sel ceeevioy it absiey #5 busaybevy wera Rapa iin Kogan ‘Ago'? Pe fe pn Ly oe alr BamSecki Sg oped de tae os) Ped Ae eT ale 1d Ge atl J ng UL te Bs Orne 19xv ‘commentary EO vrirah oem yee os St eatery Wil eg 1f95 1518 In doc. 1 ond 3 the place-name property duving the years War it evidant that they concern this peat) “into consideration, The place is known to be: esta seat azo takon Jot ria and Aylos Mamas, ithe aren of Kalamasia®), Se ies Fos yee Mend nae. i any men ya xe al Si Oe Brat 75 et ge Diyos eae ey peat was dependent upon the monastery SR pe ert one ny ne Tn sep cr a Deen gaa Seca a are eect Rms ae cet ae caries te ni TRE en bat ae pat ace foe ‘ec Venere Lo Ge, Teh oo ison port span: ow Neve Casale Game Inger SESLISEY awe’ a Groban em: Faih esa a2 (99, Sc fete eciaaeee a estonia CS Sa Sees ce te . Enh ue Matic a eon ol Seiad Rate Samaras » XVE tost today. The frst ofthe missing records is « idjet issued afte oc 1 (1458) and mentioned by doc. (1501; the second is e fermen {ioved ater doc, 4 (504) and mensioned by does (1913. A htdfajet Ipentioned by docS and 1 may perheps be identlied with the ene Fatued betweon the years 1495-1801. “The property of Katakali is qualifed as Elke) (doe. 4, 5, 6, 10 and {1) and as mezce'a (arable area)") (dec-9 and 14) In doc.? we have a combination of both terms. Doc.1 and 3 mention five tila Ulta). ta doc. 11 wo find the expression tne tars of th Stl, there: fore ula appears to be a subdivision of the cftik or mezr'e, There js'no doubt thot doc. 11 ie the most reliable: it was iaued alter an favestigation proving that Katalaki wat a tik of 80 donim (one aun equals approximately 1000 sqm), ie. It had the usuel dimen: sons of # medium 20s Th doc. 4, 5, 6 Katakall appears as the name of a monastery. Ina curacies of this kind are fasy common in the Otioman dociments ‘The word kilise is tequently used instead of monsstery™). In a doe of HOt the monastery Koutloumousiou is mentioned as a mexrea%. ‘At any raie-a fli of a monastery — a melociion — could easily be changed into a monastery by the scribe: after all i wae @ place ‘wi a religious bullding witln i and inhabited by monks. ‘As shown by dec. 1,3 and 6, as well as by some Greek documents dating also to the ond of the XViheantury, the monastry of Dionysiou had mony a duspate wis the Christan neighbours of Ketakel in order 1 eep this Gtk"), ‘The satus of the monasticproperty in Macedonie, The records are too vague when referring tothe lgal relationship between the mona- ery of Dionysiow and the iflik of Kotakalt Nevertheless this point Concerning the status of the monastic property in the ealy Ottoman, fmpire deserves some special attention, One should admit from the ‘ery beginning that tis vary dangerous to make comparisons between the stat of the land-propertes belonging to various monasteries and perhaps even between that of separate lané-properties belonging to fhe same monastery; for neither do the regulations always seem to be the same nor were they applied in the same way. Despite these con siderations I think that itis worth while to enumerate the expressions ‘in the Dionysiou documents and to compare them to the expressions sent oe yO Enateany ae 1. Tnalerk, St Datent “Sfermeua's see fnaterey Sh tacnarindou” a